Objective:

To identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a

CPU and its functions.

Apparatus:
Personal computer

Theory:

A Mother Board is one of the most essential parts of

compute system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a
computer including the central processing unit CPU, memory and
connector for input and output devices.

Expansion Cards:
An expansion card is an electronic card that is used to add an
extra functionality to computer. It is inserted into an expansion slot on the
motherboard of the computer.
Video (Graphics) Card:
A Video card connects to the motherboard of computer system and
generates output images to display. Video cards are also referred to graphic
cards. Video cards include a processing unit, memory, a cooling mechanism and
connection to display device.

Memory:
When the information is kept in memory, the CPU an access it much more
quickly. It is a physical device capable of storing information temporarily and
permanently. e.g; RAM, is a violate memory that stores information on an
integrated circuit used by the operating system, software, and hardware.
Random Access Memory: RAM is our system’s short-term memory. It is
hardware in the computing device where the operating system, application
program and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by
device processor.

Input/ Output (1/0) Devices:

These allow is to send information to the computer or get information from
the computer.
Central processing unit:
CPU or processor of a computer is called “Brain of computer”.

It is 1.5 inch*1.5inch in size approximately. It does all the Computation/work of a

computer.

Read only memory:

ROM stores data more permanently then RAM. It is a type of non-

volatile memory used in computer and other electronic devices. Data stored in
ROM can only be modified slowly, with difficulty or not at all so it is mainly used
to store firmware or application software in plug-in categories.
Hard Drive:
Hard drive is used to store data permanently and most frequently. This is
non-volatile.

Serial Port:
Connector by a device that sends data one bit at a time may be connected
to a computer. Serial port is often used to connect older mice, older external
modems, older digital cameras etc. This port has been replaced by USB port in
most cases, 9 pin connector. These are small and short and often grey in colour.

Monitor Ports:
It is used to connect a monitor with a computer. PC usually uses a VGA
along a connector that has 15 pins in three rows. These are typically blue in
colour. A VGA (analog) connector doesn’t support the digital monitors. For this
purpose Digital Video Interface (VDI) Standard was developed to support the
digital LCD monitors. Digital video interface is the advanced technology to show
the better quality of images.

PS-2 Mouse Ports:

The PS-2 Mouse ports were developed by IBM. It is used to connect
computer mouse or keyboard. Most computers come with PS-2 ports.
Ethernet Ports:

An Ethernet port is an opening in computer network

equipment that ethernet cables plug-into. This port is used for networking
and for fast internet connections. Data moves from them at speed of either 10
megabytes or 100 megabytes or 1 gigabytes (1000 megabites) depending upon
what speed the network card in the computer is installed. Little monitor lights on
these devices flicker when it is in use.It accept a cable that has an RJ- 45
connectors.

Power supply:
Give your computer power by converting alternating current (AC) supplied
by the wall to direct current (DC).

Firewire/IEEE 1394 Port:

Often found in apple computers. Often used digital camcoders.
Firewire transmits data at 400 MB/s. Firewire13948 transmits data at the speed of
3.2 Gb/s.
Network Card:
Use to provide a computer connection over a network. Transmit data at
10/100/1000 Mb/s.

CD ROM:
A device used to read the CD-ROMs. If capable of writing the CD-ROM, then
they are usually referred to as a “burber” or CD-RW.
Sound Port:
It is used to input sound under program control. Sound cards provides
better quality than the built in sound control provided with most computers.

Parallel Ports:
Most often used to connect a printer to the computer. It is an connector for
a device that send or receives several bits of data simultaneously by using more
than one wire.

USB Port:

A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for personal

computer and consumer electronics devices. Universal serial bus, Now used
to connect all peripherals devices to the computers. USB 1.1 transmits 1.5 mb/s at
low speed, 12 mb/s at full speed. USB 2.0 transmits data 480 Mb/s.