Eto Na Talaga Yun

SAINT MARY’S ANGELS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA
P. Gomez St., Fortune 7, Parada Rd., Parada, Valenzuela City
“Children’s; Delinquency.” A Research about the lowering of criminal
liability among children in the Philippines.
We have truthfully followed the school policy regarding
academic honesty in completing this research
in partial fulfillment for the requirements in English 10
Submitted to Sir Jenson Belando,
BSED Major in English
Submitted by: Patricia Angelica J. Lavariaz
Marknette B. Concepcion Jr Vashti Anne M. Padrinao
Patricia Denise T. Poblete Yvan C. Del Pilar
Krystyn Joyce S. Aquino Beatrice Ruth M. Esporlas
Mica Jana Reign P. Manzano Abegail D. Hinojales
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APPROVAL SHEET
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APPROVAL SHEET
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Acknowledgement
The researchers of this study would like to thank whole-heartedly the people behind us supporting and
never neglected our capabilities in doing this research.
To our adviser, Mrs. Quimberly Anne S. Cruz, who had motivated and gave us continuous support to
fully and knowledgably produce a successful research paper, and granted us immense knowledge.
We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to our English teacher, Sir Jenson Belando, for his
encouragement and guidance that helped us in all the time of our research. Guiding on which are the right things
to do and the proper ways we should do such things. And I would like to thank him on the opportunity that he
has given to us.
Our sincere thanks to our parents, who allowed us to stay at places and houses even though it’s late just
to continue this research paper and supported us throughout this research, and to our co-researchers and friends
for the stimulating discussions, for the sleepless nights together, and the fun we had while doing this research. It
might be a very stressful one but it shall never be forgotten.
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Abstract
Republic Act 10630 is a law that strengthens the Juvenile Justice system here in the Philippines. Where
it states that children that are 15 years of age and higher is liable for their criminal offenses, but the
interventions will be sending the delinquent into a rehabilitation center. The researchers’ claim is that to lower it
down to 9 years old since syndicates targets those who are much younger and in poverty. The problem that the
researchers are trying to find out if the age bracket is right and if there can be an alternative intervention aside
from rehabilitation. This study is significant to every individual to their school and community in a way of
knowing the possible interventions and teaching how to prevent them from happening. We conducted a survey
to learners of Saint Mary’s Angels College of Valenzuela and persons with professional occupations like
lawyers, police officers and psychologists or social workers at the Regional Trial Court of Valenzuela City that
are connected to the study and found out that they much prefer the age bracket of 12 years old and still
rehabilitation centers are the ones to be considered when it comes the intervention that will be implemented.
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Table of Contents
Chapter I - Introduction
Title page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Background of the study -------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Definition of Terms -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Statement of the problem------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------- 12
Scope and delimitations ------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Chapter II – RRL
Chapter III – Methodologies
Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
Procedures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Survey Questions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Chapter IV – Results --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Chapter V –Recommendations and Conclusions ----------------------------------------------------- 104
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CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
On July 23, 2012, Republic Act No. 10630 (An act strengthening the juvenile justice system in the
Philippines, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 9344, otherwise known as “Juvenile Justice System
and Welfare Act of 2006” and an appropriating funds therefor.) Where it states that the legal responsibility of
minor children is now currently at 15 years old, but it still undergoes certain circumstances. Under this act, it
states that a delinquent that is 14 years old and below will not be held liable of any criminal liability but if a 15
years old or older, still, you won’t be liable for any criminal liability but will be subjected to an intervention
program. When it comes to these circumstances, these are the cases where the child is subjected for he/she is
sanctioned to an intervention program: Parricide, Infanticide, Murder, Kidnapping, and Serious Illegal
Detention.
It is also said in Section 5 of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, that children that have
conflict within the law has the right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhumane or degrading
treatment or punishment which basically supports the claim of having an intervention program. They aren’t
imprisoned in a place where adults are in or basically they aren’t in jail at all. They are being kept in a safe
environment where they are given chances to make their lives better, preserving their future or what we call the
intervention program. Here in the Philippines, it usually happens in a 24 - hour residential care facility managed
by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) where they provide rehabilitation services for
children in conflict with the law.
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This act was made due to high crime rates committed by juveniles. As stated by Alan Villarente, a
research intern from Japan Legal Aid Association, Out of 2,200 detained persons per month for the crime of
vagrancy, 10% were men and 28.63% were women while 61.36% being the highest percentage were street-
children and poor homeless kids who committed crime. Nowadays, the youth who has the capability to
accomplish illegal doings are becoming guilty due to being used by criminals or syndicates owing to the fact
that they could abide from their criminal responsibility because of the minimum of legal age.
This doing did not only start here in the Philippines, wherein bigger and better countries that are ahead
of us had already implemented this law. For example are Philippines’ neighboring countries here in Asia like
Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and many more, meaning that all of these countries have low age
for legal responsibility ranging from 7 – 10 years. And after all these years, we have not heard any news coming
from these countries that they’re having concerns within their juveniles in their countries.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the researchers by the end of this study is to:
 Spread awareness on how the juvenile crimes affect the increasing crime rate of our
country.
 Propose possible alternative solutions like advocating simple programs on the said case to
lower down the country’s juvenile criminality rate.
 Identify the possible roots of why a child is involved in a criminal case.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Parricide – (n) The killing of a parent or other near relative.
Infanticide – (n) A person who kills an infant, especially its own child.
Murder – (n) The unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another
- (v) Kill (someone) unlawfully and with premeditation
Kidnapping – (v) take (someone) away illegally by force, typically to obtain a ransom
Juvenile – (n) a person below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible (18 years old in most
countries)
Serious Illegal Detention – any private individual who shall kidnap or detain another, or in any other manner
deprive him of his liberty, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in it’s maximum period to death.
Reclusion Perpetua – entails imprisonment for at least 30 years after which the convict becomes eligible for
pardon.
Delinquent – Typically a young person or that person’s behavior showing or characterized by a tendency to
commit crime.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The common target of criminals and syndicates are the street-children that are in extreme poverty, which
can be supported by the statement of Committee chairman Salvador Leachon claimed the bill would protect the
children from being used by ruthless and unscrupulous criminal syndicates and put a stop to gangs using
children as part of their deals. However, others have reprimanded the bill as yet another way in which the civic
impoverished are punished by the war on drugs, as most children who do get swept up in the drug trade are
doing it due to extreme poverty. A children’s rights group named Salinlahi Alliance for Children’s Concerns.
They claim that children in conflict with the laws, together with their families, are victims of poverty, hunger,
social inequality and state neglect but instead of addressing these pressing socio-economic issues, the Duterte
administration and the cabinet members in the Philippine Congress are consistent in promoting and pushing for
anti-children and anti-people policies. Despite their opposition to the proposals of lowering the age of criminal
liability as a House panel, it still lays out reasons why children gets involved in crimes which turned out to be
poverty that also serves as one of the biggest problems we have in our country. He also stated that if the
government could grab them now from the hands of the syndicates from entrapment, we could possibly
rehabilitate our delinquents and prevent them from falling to the to the depths of committing more crime.
Being the bill was pro-poor as children in poverty lack in quality education and are being exposed to
violence, they are prone on being the targets who lacks opportunity to attend school, and in a family that is
disorganized or promotes violence. Adult criminals purposely make use of youth to commit heinous crimes;
knowingly they are excused from all criminal liability. According to Hannah Ellis-Peterson from The Guardian
Weekly, President Rodrigo Duterte proposed and led the campaign for children to be held accountable as adults
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after claiming that drug lords were using them as bait for their illegal trades and transaction owing to the fact
that these juveniles can get away “scot-free”. The president had originally wanted the age to be dropped to nine,
but agreed to 12 after pushback from politicians and campaigners. The current threshold in the country is 15
years old.
The proposed legislation, which is going through the House of Representatives with the Senate also
considering a similar bill, could result in children being arrested and detained in the already overcrowded and
dangerous adult detention centres.
Children and the people that are responsible in making them do crimes think that they’re untouchable
because they’re under a protective law that makes them a priority and on top of the possible target victims that
can be used to do such illegal doings. Children who gets exempted from going to juvenile detentions despite the
gravity of their actions needs to be prosecuted or at least learn about their consequences at their early age in
order to help the children get disciplined. Despite the preference expressed, the President and the House
representatives admit there are indeed syndicates using children for crimes, and that the adults should be
punished, not the children who are mere victims.
The problem is that because of the high percentage of the delinquents in the society, one of the solutions
that are being studied is the lowering the age of legal responsibility. An Amnesty report in 2017 found that
police had killed dozens of children in the first 18 months of the war on drugs. Now, the researchers are trying
to find out if the age brackets that the government is suggesting will be helpful to distinguish the appropriate
intervention and ways on how we can help them. And if there are any other possible ways on how the
government should handle the children on how they will apply other forms of rehabilitation
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The outcome of this study will redound to the benefit of not only for a child as an individual, but also
their parents, school/institution and society taking into account that criminal liability also plays a vital role in
this very day. Increased sum of minors, ages that range from 15 and below being involved in illegal doings such
as parricide, murder, infanticide, kidnapping and serious illegal detention where he victim is killed or raped,
robbery possibly with homicide and rape involved, destructive arson, car napping where the driver or occupant
is killed or raped, and other offenses under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 punishable by
more than 12 years of detainment. Being involved in different crimes is quite alarming when things like this
should not even be happening in the first place.
Thus, justifying the need for more effective and cathartic implementation such as this study. The
advantages that this study has to offer include the following: Finding possible solutions on how to avoid minors
doing or being involved in crimes. Their actions turned out to be the increasing rate of delinquents since they
use much younger children to participate in their heinous crimes and to preserve the future and lives of the
youth most especially the ones in extreme poverty because they seemed to be more of a target by the syndicates
at large in the country. According to Glenn Chong, a house senatorial candidate, there should be a way that can
help remove children away from the marketplace of crimes because no one can deny the fact that there are
syndicates using them. The contribution of this study specifically is here as follows:
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 Individual –this study will help the youth understands the possible interventions, is being rehabilitated to
a safe place that the government is providing example is Bahay Pag-asa or other charitable orphanage of
their future actions, knowingly that it will help them in choosing and going through the right path.
 School – It will benefit the school in a way they would know what to add in their curriculum for their
lessons that should be taught. Many schools have already implemented subjects and topics that can
contribute to the development of a child's personality and mind. They say the school is an institution that
guides the children while they grow up to prepare them to become a full-fledged citizen. One of the
topics that children is taught is the subject EsP (Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao) or Humanitarian
Education which teaches the right from wrong, provide activities as well as yield them information on
social issues that they should be aware of in the society. The child's education has a great impact not
only to them selves but to society as well. For the school can help a child on how it will grow in to some
body in the mere future, for as we Filipinos believes that the youth is the hope of our country.
 Community – It will be beneficiary to the community by raising awareness of how we can prevent such
things by proceeding with such orientations and programs informing the people inside the society on
what can happen to these kinds of situations. Implementing a more effective ordinance could be a great
help too, like a curfew for the minors. It is a way of most municipals to decrease and prevent crimes
involving juveniles at certain age since it prohibits them from being in public places during late night
hours. This curfew for the minors is already an old ordinance but was not been enforced strongly and
properly that made people, especially minors don’t pay attention to it. According to United States
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Conference of Mayors in a 1997 study, gang activities may be controlled by teen curfews for their
opportunity of the members to gather is reduced, which helps cut down related crimes.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
The study aims to prove that lowering the age of legal responsibility to 9 years old is essential and
necessary. Aims to know what is probably the best alternative way besides putting the delinquents on
rehabilitation centers like Bahayan Pag-Asa and other organizations that can handle such children without
putting them in a place that can cause them trauma.
This study is conducted primarily for the purpose of proving that the proposed age of criminal liability,
whereas 9 – 15 years old could be imprisoned depending on the gravity of the offense, should be fully
implemented without doubt. The children are believed to play an important role in our research.
The scope of this study is only limited to 15 persons both male and female aging 12 – 15, parents who
have a child aging 9 – 11 years old, 10 Police officers, 10 Lawyers and especially 10 Psychiatrists or social
workers. The minor that will be answering our research instrument will be coming from Grade 7 to G0rade 9
learners of Saint Mary’s Angels College of Valenzuela. Who are experiencing and is currently affected by the
law. The law indicates the age or criminal liability wherein children above 12 years old could be imprisoned
when found guilty to the law.
This study will be conducted with limited financial resources and time framework.
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The study’s surveys and depth of research is applicable only for the country where children’s health and
safety is prioritized. However, the paper’s research have gone through the experiences of other countries where
lower age of criminal liability is observed in order for us to collect data’s that could help our research be worthy
for recommendations and for the solutions to be effective.
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CHAPTER II – RRL
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CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGIES
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Personal Information
1.1 Name
1.2 Age
1.3 Grade level
(if student)
1.4 Occupation Survey Forms A Statistical
(if person with profession) (Survey Result of
1.5 Years of Experience Questions) Involvement of
(if person with profession) Juveniles to
1.6 Age of child Statistical Crimes and it’s
(if parent) Data(Graph & Possible Reasons.
Interpretation)
2. Involvement of Juveniles to
Crimes
2.1 Common Age of Juveniles
2.2 Usual Crimes of Juveniles
Do
2.3 Reasons of Doing Crimes
2.4 Possible Consequences for
Juveniles
Notice that the diagram above has specified how the work was done during the yielding of research. The
input indicates what information was required from the surveyors in order to gather all the data needed. The
researchers happen to go with knowing the involvement of juveniles to crimes. In process, researchers had made
survey questions as their research instrument that the surveyors are entailed to answer and that is to be
interpreted by the researchers in a graphical manner. Lastly, for the output, it shows the statistical results of the
Involvement of Juveniles to Crimes and it's possible reasons gathered from all the respondents. By the end,
researchers had an educational guess that the result they expected would be in favor of lowering the criminal
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responsibility for children based on the data that have been gathered. Though they already presumed that not all
would be giving support to the topic, they’re yearning for it to be factual.
Research Design
The study is about the lowering the age of legal responsibility to 9 years old and finding out the reason if
the age bracket is appropriate the possible cause and effect on why the delinquents are doing these crimes in the
first place and if the following interventions that will follow is appropriate as well. The method that the
researchers used is a quantitative research instrument where we surveyed 100 different respondents that are
divided by their ages and professions.
Source of Data
The following 60 respondents for the age brackets would be coming from ages 13-15 years old learners
of Saint Mary’s Angles College of Valenzuela.
For the respondents of parents with children aging 9 - 11 years old, we allotted 10 research instrument to
know their side and opinions about the researchers' study and will be conveying them around family, friends
and relatives.
For the professional respondents with occupational background consisting of lawyers, police officers
and psychologists or social workers, we allotted 10 research instruments to each profession to in order to know
their opinions about the research, knowing that they are professionals when it comes to cases related to our
study.
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Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers gathered the information from 60 learners of Saint Mary’s Angels College of
Valenzuela, referring to their ages and not by grade level but specifically the respondents came from grade 7 – 9
learners.
While for the parents, the researchers gathered information about them by giving out surveys through
parents outside school premises that has their children enrolled at Saint Mary’s Angels College of Valenzuela
and other coming from friends and relatives.
The information gathered coming from people with professional occupations like lawyers, psychologists
and police officers were conducted in the Regional Trial Court of Valenzuela city and the others came from
friends and relatives.
The researchers did not, in any way limited the respondents' choices in identifying what of the choices
given in the research instrument matches their views and opinion regarding our research topic except only to
questions that only requires yes or no.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The research instrument is a 10 - item questionnaire when it comes to the students and parents while
persons with professional occupations have only 5 - items but different question per profession.
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STUDENTS AND PARENTS
1) Does lowering the age of legal responsibility can help our country?
 Yes
 No
2) On what age do you think is the proper age of imprisonment?
 10 – 12  16 – 18
 13 – 15
3) Do you think it’s right to imprison a minor?
 Yes
 No
4) Do you think that a child is usually involved in illegal practices nowadays?
 Yes
 No
5) What are the usual cases in which a child gets involved in an illegal doing/s?
 Murder  Prostitution
 Robbery  Others, please specify:
 Kidnapping _______________________________
 Rape
 Drug related cases
6) Regarding the last question, by the action of the children, do you think they should be imprisoned?
 Yes
 No
7) Why do you think the child gets involved in these kinds of practices?
 Poverty  Social media influence
 Adult influences  Peer pressure
 Threat  Others, please specify:
 Human trafficking _______________________________
8) What do you think the parents should do when their child commits crime/s?
 Surrender the child to the authorities.
 Personally give their self – intervention at home.
 Others, please specify: ______________________________________
9) Can you consider intervention programs appropriate to children?
 Yes
 No
10) What are the possible interventions you can propose to these kinds of acts?
 Rehabilitation  Imprisonment
 Firm parent orientation
 Others, please specify: _______________________________
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LAWYERS
1. Does lowering the age of legal responsibility can help our country?
 Yes
 No
2. What are the usual cases in which a child gets involved in an illegal doing/s?
 Murder
 Robbery
 Kidnapping
 Rape
 Drug related cases
 Prostitution
3. Why do you think the child gets involved in these kinds of practices?
 Poverty
 Adult influences
 Threat
 Human trafficking
 Social media influence
 Peer pressure
4. What are the possible interventions you can propose to these kinds of acts?
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Firm parental orientation
5. Do you think that Republic Act 10630, otherwise known as An Act of strengthening the juvenile justice
system in the Philippines will violate any laws or rights of the child?
 Yes
 No
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POLICE OFFICERS
1. If minors committed a crime, are the police authorities allowed to detain them?
 Yes
 No
2. How does children or minors being put to jail commonly react?

 Traumatized
 They fight back
 They cry
 Others’ please specify: _________________________________
3. If you are to choose, what ideal age of minors should be punished and governed by our law?
 10 – 12 years old
4. If there are parents or guardians available, how do the majority of them react about their children being
detain inside a rehabilitation center?
 In denial
 Upset with the authorities
 They accept the consequences
5. With the growing rate of children committing crimes, can you say that the police department is ready for
some changes these happenings could make?
 Yes
 No
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PSYCHOLOGIST
1. What is the most common reason why a child gets jailed or undergoes intervention programs?
 Murder
 Theft
 Rape/Prostitution
 Consuming illegal drugs
2. Why does the child commit such crime?

 Peer pressure
 Poverty
 Curiosity
 Influenced by syndicates/family who are
practicing illegal drugs
3. What are the possible effects that a child could acquire when he/she undergoes to intervention program?
 Trauma
 Anxiety
 Depression
4. What could parents do to lessen children’s crime rates?

 Parental intervention
 Always inform them about the consequences of
their acts
 Do not expose the on violent doings
5. What could the government do to help on decreasing the crime rates in the country?
 DSWD’s facilities, security & safety of children
Should be improved
 Implement more programs about child parenting
 Strengthen family relations
 Others, please specify:________________________________
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CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
12 Year old
Question 1
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 1
Does lowering the age of legal responsibility can help our country?
 Yes
 No
According to the data gathered from the aging 12 years old, 53% said that lowering the age of
legal responsibility could help our country, while 47% told that it is not helpful.
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Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
7%
13%
80%
Question 2
What age do you think is the proper age of imprisonment?
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
80% among the children picked the age 10-18 years old as the proper age to be imprisoned. Only
13% chose 10-12 years old while 7% among the students picked 13-15 years old.
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Question 3
YES NO
40%
60%
Question 3
Do you think it’s right to imprison a minor?
 Yes
 No
56% of the respondents agreed that a minor should be imprisoned while 44% of them disagree on
the thought of minors going to prison.
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Question 4
YES NO
27%
73%
Question 4
Do you think that a child is usually involved in illegal practices nowadays?
 Yes
 No
73% of them thought that a child is usually involved in illegal practices while only 27% of them
disagreed with the said idea.
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Question 5
Murder Robbery Kidnapping Rape Drug related cases Prostitution Others
0%
0%
0%
39%
53%
6%
2%
Question 5
What are the usual cases in which a child gets involved in an illegal doing/s?
 Murder  Drug related cases
 Robbery  Prostitution
 Kidnapping  Others
 Rape
Among the respondents aging 12, 53% of them stated that most children are involved I drug
related cases while 39% of them chose robbery as the most common crime gets involved. No one picked
murder and prostitution and only 6% for kidnapping and 2% for rape.
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Question 6
YES NO
33%
67%
Question 6
Regarding the last question, by the actions of the children, do you think they
should be imprisoned?
 Yes
 No
67% among 15 respondents agreed that a minor who committed crime should be imprisoned while
33% of them disagreed on the idea of even though the children committed crimes they shouldn’t be
imprisoned still.
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Question 7
Poverty Adult Influence Threat
Human Trafficking Social Media Influence Peer Pressure
Others 0%
8%
16%
40%
3%
20%
13%
Question 7
Why do you think the child gets involved in these kind of practices?
 Threat  Others
32% of the respondents chose poverty as the common reason why a child gets involved on illegal
practices. The second top chosen choice is threat. Only 7% of the respondents picked human trafficking
and peer pressure.
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Question 8
Surrender to Authorities Personally give self-intervention Others
0%
40%
60%
Question 8
What do you think parents should do when their child commits crime/s?
 Surrender the child to the authorities
 Personally give their self intervention at home
 Others
As stated on the graph, 60% sad that the parent/s should surrender their child to the authorities
while 40% chose to personally give self-intervention at home once their child committed crime.
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Question 9
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 9
Can you consider intervention programs appropriate to children?
 Yes
 No
All of the respondents concluded intervention programs appropriate to children.
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Question 10
Rehabilitation Imprisonment Firm Orientation Others
0%
13%
20%
67%
Question 10
What are the possible interventions can you propose to these kinds of acts?
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Firm orientation
 Other
Majority of children aging 12 years old which is 67% picked rehabilitation as the most effective
intervention that can be done in these kind of situations.
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13 Year old
Question 1
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
As we conducted a survey on children aging 13 years old, 53 % of the respondents agreed that
lowering the age of criminal responsibility could help the country while 47% disagreed with the idea.
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Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
0%
7%
93%
Question 2
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
Majority of the respondents chose 16 -18 years old as the proper age for imprisonment. Only 7%
chose ages within 12-15 while none of them want to imprison a child aging 10-12 years old.
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Question 3
YES NO
27%
73%
Question 3
 Yes
 No
73% of children from 13 years old thought that it's not right to imprison a minor while 27 % of them
agreed with the age bracket proposed.
37
Question 4
YES NO
13%
87%
Question 4
 Yes
 No
Among the respondents, 87 % told us that minors are usually involved in illegal practices while
13% believed that they don't.
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Question 5
0%
0% 0%
24%
17% 55%
4%
Question 5
 Rape
Majority of the respondents picked robbery as the most common crime that a child commits. The
second most chosen is the drug related case. Murder and prostitution were the least cases to be picked
and is considered as the most uncommon crime committed by the child.
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Question 6
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 6
 Yes
 No
According to the presented data, aside from all those crimes that were committed, majority
agreed that a child should still not be imprisoned.
40
Question 7
Others
0%
39% 24%
4%
11% 16%
6%
Question 7
Why do you think the child gets involved in these kinds of practices?
As stated on the graph, 39% of the respondents thought that peer pressure is the main reason why a
child gets involved in different kinds of illegal practices. 24% of them chose poverty while the least
choice that was checked was adult influences.
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Question 8
7%
40%
53%
Question 8
 Others
53 % among 13 years old thought about surrendering the children to authorities when a child
commits crime while 47 % of them said that we should give an intervention at home.
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Question 9
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 9
 Yes
 No
All of them considered intervention programs appropriate for a child.
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Question 10
0%
30%
7% 63%
Question 10
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Other
63% of the respondents agreed that a possible intervention for a child will be rehabilitation. 30%
had chosen the firm orientation while only 7% picked imprisonment.
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14 Year old
Question 1
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
53% of the respondents do not believed that lowering the age of legal responsibility could help
our country in understanding the possible consequences.
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Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
6%
7%
87%
Question 2
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
Majority of the respondents consisting 87% believed that the proper age of imprisonment to
juveniles is between 16-18 years old.
46
Question 3
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 3
 Yes
 No
53% of the respondents do not agree to imprison a minor while 47% agree to imprison a minor.
47
Question 4
YES NO
20%
80%
Question 4
 Yes
 No
80% of the respondents agree that a child is usually involved in illegal practices nowadays
48
Question 5
0%
0% 0%
39%
59%
2%
0%
Question 5
 Rape
The most common case a child gets involve in illegal doing is robbery with 59% and drug related
cases with 39% based on the respondents
49
Question 6
YES NO
40%
60%
Question 6
 Yes
 No
60% of the respondents believed that children should be imprisoned by involving in these actions
which is robbery and drug related cases.
50
Question 7
Others
0%
27% 30%
0%
7% 36%
0%
Question 7
Children gets involve in this practices because 37% of the respondents believed it was due to
adult influences and 30% of it is due to poverty.
51
Question 8
0%
40%
60%
Question 8
 Others
60% of the respondents believed that parents should surrender the child to the authorities when
their children commit this crime.
52
Question 9
YES NO
7%
93%
Question 9
 Yes
 No
Majority of the respondents comprising 93% would consider intervention programs like
rehabilitation and counseling for these children.
53
Question 10
0%
6%
27%
67%
Question 10
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Other
67% of the respondents believed that rehabilitation is the most appropriate intervention for the
delinquents.
54
15 Year old
Question 1
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
Based on the respondents, 53% do not believed that lowering the age of legal responsibility
could help our country in understanding the possible consequences.
55
Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
6%
7%
87%
Question 2
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
The majority of the respondents consisting of 87% believed that between 16-18 years old are the
proper age of imprisonment to juvenile delinquents.
56
Question 3
YES NO
33%
67%
Question 3
 Yes
 No
67% of the respondents do not agree to imprison a minor while 33% agreed.
57
Question 4
YES NO
7%
93%
Question 4
 Yes
 No
93% which is the majority of the respondents agree that a child is usually getting involved in
illegal practices nowadays.
58
Question 5
0% 0%
7% 0% 0% 6%
87%
Question 5
 Rape
87% of our 15-year-old respondents believed that drug related cases are the most common illegal doing
that a child gets involved with
59
Question 6
YES NO
47%
53%
Question 6
 Yes
 No
53% of the respondents believed that children should be imprisoned by involving in this actions which is
drug related cases
60
Question 7
Others
7%
20% 27%
6% 27%
7%
6%
Question 7
27% of the respondents believed that the poverty is the reason why a child gets involved in these
kinds of practices and another 27% believed that these are due to adult influences.
61
Question 8
7%
46%
47%
Question 8
 Others
47% of our respondents agreed that the parents should surrendered the child to the authorities and
another 47% of our respondents believed that parents should personally give their intervention at home
62
Question 9
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 9
 Yes
 No
100% of our respondents agreed that intervention program are appropriate to children committing
crimes
63
Question 10
0%
19%
13%
68%
Question 10
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Other
67% of the respondents believed that rehabilitation is the most appropriate intervention for the
delinquents
64
Overall Results for Learners
Question 1
YES NO
50%
50%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
According to the overall percentage gathered from the surveys conducted to the students in
question number 1, 50% answered yes, also 50% answered no.
65
Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
5%
8%
87%
Question 2
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
out of 60 learners, 87% answered the 16-18 yrs old, 8% for 13-15 yrs old and 5% for 10-12 yrs
old.
66
Question 3
YES NO
42%
58%
Question 3
 Yes
 No
From the tally of the survey, 58% answered yes, while 42% answered no.
67
Question 4
YES NO
17%
83%
Question 4
 Yes
 No
From 60 learners that have been surveyed 83% of the students answered the yes while 17% is no.
68
Question 5

0%
0% 0%
39%
53%
6%
2%
Question 5
 Rape
The results of the tally was, 53% answered the robbery, 39% for drug related cases, 6% for rape,
2% for kidnapping and 0% for the others.
69
Question 6
YES NO
43%
57%
Question 6
Regarding the last question, by the actions of the children, do you think they should
be imprisoned?
 Yes
 No
57% of the learners answered yes while 43% answered for no.
70
Question 7
Others 2%
23% 30%
9%
8%
20%
8%
Question 7
30% answered poverty, 23% for peer pressure, 20% for adult influence, 8% for threat as well for
the human trafficking and for social media influences, 2% for others.
71
Question 8
3%
45% 52%
Question 8
 Others
While on the question number 8, 52% learners answered surrender to authorities, 45% for
personally give-self intervention, while 3% on the others.
72
Question 9
YES NO
2%
98%
Question 9
 Yes
 No
Question number 9, 98% answered yes, 2% who answered no.
73
Question 10
0%
19%
13%
68%
Question 10
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Other
And lastly question number 10, 68% who answered for rehabilitation, 19% for firm orientation,
and 13% for imprisonment.
74
Parents
Question 1
YES NO
20%
80%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
Based on the respondents, 80% of them believed that lowering the age of legal responsibility
could help our country in understanding the possible consequences.
75
Question 2
10 TO 12 13 TO 15 16 TO 18
20%
50%
30%
Question 2
 10 – 12
 13 – 15
 16 – 18
50% of the respondents believed that the proper age of imprisonment to the juveniles is around
16-18 years old, while 30% of them believed that it is 13-15 years old.
76
Question 3
YES NO
40%
60%
Question 3
 Yes
 No
60% of the respondents voted that it is right to imprison a minor.
77
Question 4
YES NO
20%
80%
Question 4
 Yes
 No
Majority of the respondents consisting 80% agree that a child is usually involved in illegal
practices nowadays.
78
Question 5
Murder Robbery Kidnapping Rape Drug cases Prostitution Others
0%
3% 5%
35%
50%
7%
0%
Question 5
 Rape
The most common case a child gets involve in illegal doings is drug related cases with 50% and
robbery with 35% based on the respondents.
79
Question 6
YES NO
30%
70%
Question 6
Regarding the last question, by the actions of the children, do you think they should
be imprisoned?
 Yes
 No
When a child gets involved in crimes such as drug related cases and robbery, 70% of the respondents
thought that this children should be imprisoned.
80
Question 7
Poverty Adult Influence Threat Human Trafficking
Social Media Influence Peer Pressure Others

0%
11%
20% 41%
5%
21%
2%
Question 7
41% of our respondents think that poverty is the reason why a child gets involve in this of
practices and 21% of them believed that it was due to adult influences.
81
Question 8
0%
20%
80%
Question 8
 Others
The majority of the respondents consisting of 80% believed that parents should surrender their
child to the authorities when their children commits this crime.
82
Question 9
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 9
 Yes
 No
Majority of the respondents comprising a 100% agreed that intervention program are appropriate
to children committing crimes.
83
Question 10
0%
13%
23%
64%
Question 10
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Other
63% of the respondents believed that the most appropriate intervention for the delinquents is
rehabilitation and 23% of them voted a firm orientation.
84
Police
QUESTION 1
YES NO
20%
80%
Question 1
If minors committed a crime, are the police authorities allowed to detain
them?
 Yes
 No
80% of the respondents believed that the police authorities are allowed to detain minors who
committed a crime.
85
QUESTION 2
Traumatized Fight back Cry Others
10%
20%
20%
50%
Question 2
How does children or minors being put to jail commonly react?
 Traumatized
 They fight back
 They cry
 Others
Based on the respondents, 50% of them believed that the way the children reacts while they are
being put to jail fights back while 20% of them believed that they are traumatized and another 20% also
believes that they cry.
86
QUESTION 3
10 to 12 13 to 14 15 to 18
0%
40%
60%
Question 3
If you are to choose, what ideal age of minors should be punished and governed by
our law?
60% of the respondents chose that the ideal age of minors that should be punished and governed
by our law is around 13-14 years old while 40% of them chose the age of 15-17 years old.
87
QUESTION 4
In denial Upset with authorities Accept consequences
0%
7%
93%
Question 4
If there are parents or guardians available, how do the majority of them react about
their children being detain inside a rehabilitation center?
 In denial
 Upset with the authorities
 They accept the consequences
Majority of parents or guardians are in denial by 93% when there children are being detained in a
rehabilitation center.
88
QUESTION 5
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 5
With the growing rate of children committing crimes, can you say that the police
department is ready for some changes these happenings could make?
 Yes
 No
100% of our respondents believed that police department is ready for some changes with the
growing rate of children committing crimes.
89
Lawyer
QUESTION 1
YES NO
50%
50%
Question 1
 Yes
 No
As presented on the graph, half of the lawyers agreed that lowering the age of criminal
responsibility will help our county while half of them disagreed.
90
QUESTION 2
0% 0%
10%
0%
3%
44%
43%
Question 2
 Kidnapping  Other
 Rape
43% among the lawyers chose murder as the most common crime here a child gets involved and another
43% of their votes were for rape
91
QUESTION 3
Others
8% 5%
23%
53%
14%
0% 0%
Question 3
92
QUESTION 4
0%
28%
8% 64%
Question 4
What are the possible interventions you can propose to these kinds of acts?
 Rehabilitation
 Imprisonment
 Firm parental orientation
 Others
63% of the respondents chose rehabilitation as the best intervention to be given on a child.
93
QUESTION 5
YES NO
0%
100%
Question 5
Do you think that Republic Act 10630, otherwise known as An Act of strengthening
the juvenile justice system in the Philippines will violate any laws or rights of the
child?
 Yes
 No
All of the respondents agreed that the Republic Act No. 10630, known as An Act of strengthening
the juvenile justice system in the Philippines, does not violate any laws and/or rights of a child.
94
Social Worker/Psychologists
QUESTION 1
Murder Theft Rape/Prostitution Consuming illegal drugs
0%
30%
70%
0%
Question 1
What is the most common reason why a child gets jailed or undergoes intervention
programs?
 Murder  Rape/Prostitution
 Theft  Consuming illegal drugs
As we analyze the data, 70% of the respondents chose theft as the most common reason why a child
gets jailed or undergoes an intervention program. However, 30% of them picked murder as a common
case.
95
QUESTION 2
Peer pressure Poverty Curiosity Influenced by syndicates/family
0%
10%
40%
50%
Question 2
Why does the child commit such crime?
 Peer pressure
 Poverty
 Curiosity
 Influenced by syndicates/family who are
practicing illegal drugs
50% of the respondents considered poverty as the common reason why a child commits illegal
practices while the other 40% said that it was because of peer pressure.
96
QUESTION 3
Trauma Anxiety Depression Others
0%
5% 5%
90%
Question 3
What are the possible effects that a child could acquire when he/she undergoes to
intervention program?
 Trauma
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Others
90% among the social workers' survey showed that a child could suffer on a trauma once he or she
undergoes an intervention.
97
QUESTION 4
Parental intervention Inform abour consequences
Do not expose on violent doings Others
4% 13%
8%
78%
Question 4
What could parents do to lessen children’s crime rates?
 Parental intervention
 Always inform them about the consequences of their acts
 Do not expose the on violent doings
 Others
As the data shows, 78% of the respondents agreed that a parent should provide a parental
intervention once his or her child commits crime.
98
QUESTION 5
Improving DSWD's facilities & security
Implement more programs
Strengthen family relations
Others
3%
33%
32%
32%
Question 5
What could the government do to help on decreasing the crime rates in the country?
 DSWD’s facilities, security & safety of children should be improved
 Implement more programs about child parenting
 Strengthen family relations
 Others
32% of the respondents considered improving the DSWD's safety and security as an essential in helping
on decreasing of juvenile crime rates. Another 32% of the votes were for implementing more programs as well
as for strengthening family relations.
99
In the final analysis of everything the researchers have gathered for this study, information has been
finally congregated that could hold the research. A different person that is relevant to this study was consulted
in order to collect insights regarding this subject matter. First, the researchers conducted a survey to the learners
of Saint Mary’s Angels College of Valenzuela that belongs to the age range of 12 to 15. They were asked
several questions that helped the conductors a lot with the procession of this study.
The researchers learned that the chosen students have equally divided opinions when questioned if does
lowering the legal responsibility can help our country. Lower age levels thought that yes, it could possibly help
the Philippines with everything it can do in order to make our country better while the other half, consisting of
those who aged 14 and 15 said that it doesn’t help at all. It is also discovered from this young minds that the
majority of them believes that the proper age for imprisonment is from ages 16 to 18 which implies that even
unsaid, they might not want to go to all in such young age despite of what crime they can possibly do delinquent
or not. In addition to this, these learners also think that it’s not right to imprison a minor, which the conductors
strongly agree with. Despite the facts and figures gathered beforehand, they themselves know that children is
usually involved in illegal practices nowadays and that they mostly get associated with cases such as robbery in
accordance to what most of the respondents think juveniles or delinquents get related but therefore agrees that
they should be imprisoned for their wrongdoings.
They also stated children only gets involved in these kinds of practices is mostly because of poverty
which is what the research conductors’ main point regarding about what is the main reason why children
commit crimes that makes them juveniles in the eyes of the law because reasons such as beliefs that it might
have been caused by either peer pressure or adult influences got outnumbered by the majority. Researchers also
asked their opinion about what do they think parents should do if their children committed crimes and was
given feedbacks that the parents or guardians should surrender their youngsters to the authorities for proper
100
consequences. They also considered that intervention programs is indeed appropriate to these children that may
have strayed from the right path and strongly proposed that the best possible intervention to these kinds of acts
is to get rehabilitated.
Since the research conductors’ study requires adamant amount of information that must come from
different perspectives of the lineage of people involved in this research, the conductors also prepared questions
from parents of children ages 9 to 11, psychologists or social workers, policemen and lawyers that is sure to
play a vital role with the success of this research. People who made this research possible and got it into work
created different various questions fit for each of the respondents’ professions.
Parents of children with ages 9 to 11 was asked only the same questions as the learners since the
questions also applies to them in such state of what in their opinions is needed. The majority of them too,
believe that the lowering of the legal responsibility can help our country and that the proper age of
imprisonment should still be or remain at the age range of 16 to 18. Parents do think that yes, it is right to
imprison a minor whatever their personal reasons about it could be since the researchers didn’t burden them
with elaborating their own opinions regarding the matter. Most of them is also aware that a child usually
becomes suspects in illegal practices nowadays and that the usual cases they get involved into most of the time
are drugs-related cases and robbery in association that poverty must have paved the way for them to commit
these said crimes and therefore notions that juveniles must be imprisoned. As a parent or guardian, most of them
also preferred to surrender their child/children to the authorities that in such situations that they’re young ones
violate any of the laws that could be considered as a crime. In addition to this, they also support the ideas of
intervention programs and that rehabilitation is the best one to be proposed yet.
101
The analysts also got the perspective of some psychologists and social workers that specialize with the
mind, which helps understanding more about the emotional things that the researchers should know about the
children, that seemed to be the main subject of this study. The research conductors asked them a few questions
such as why does a child gets jailed or undergoes intervention programs. Probably based on their own
experiences with the job, the majority says that it commonly happens because of either theft or murder. These
professionals also believes that a child- juvenile or delinquent commits these illegal doings mostly because of
poverty and peer pressure that could have been possibly caused by the people or things that surrounds them in
the open. But also, despite of the information gathered resulting that a minor must indeed be imprisoned, there
could also be effects that can be harmful to the children being condemned which they all agreed that trauma is
the most common thing that a child could acquire with this kind of process so the researchers also included a
question that supplicates about what the parents can do to help at least lessen crime rates that involves
delinquents and juveniles alike. All advices given as it could be the right thing to do since the researchers also
believe that discipline starts from home-- for the adults that supervises the children to do some parental
intervention and for the government to improve DSWD’s facilities and security, the implementation of more
programs that engage the children into more good deeds and the strengthen family relations.
Fourth in line are the humble policemen that graciously accepted the conductors’ request to take some of
their precious time in order to answer some of the research instruments needed for the success of this study.
Their opinions about this study had a great impact since they are the ones who lives by the law. According to
the majority of the policemen/woman that took the survey, if minors committed crime, the police and its
department is allowed to detain the juveniles even for a while if they would be eligible for bail or be transported
to the DSWD soon. These children, as they say also either commonly fights back or gets traumatized during the
realizations of being held in jail or rehabilitation centers. If they were to choose about what is the ideal age of
102
minors to be punished and governed by our law, they prefer ages 13-14 or 15-17. The researchers also
discovered that parents or guardians commonly becomes in denial of their children’s crimes whenever the idea
of them being sent to rehabilitation centers which probably is common instinct of the adults that supervises the
children. Lastly, they also believed that even with the inflating rate of the children committing crimes, the
police department is always ready for the changes that might come or happen if the law about lowering criminal
liability is implemented.
` Fifth and lastly, we asked the opinion of some lawyers about this study since they know much about
this, given that they hold cases that involves juveniles or delinquents too. These professionals have equal beliefs
regarding the lowering of the legal responsibility just like the learners. They also indicated that the usual cases
that a child gets involved in are murder or rape that is commonly influenced by adults, peer pressure, social
media and poverty respectively. They suggest that the possible best interventions for these acts are
rehabilitation, firm orientation and imprisonment. Lastly, the researchers also asked if that the Republic Act
10630 will violate any laws or rights of children since it’s really important to know before proceeding and they
100% said that no, it doesn’t violate any laws or rights at all.
103
CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It indicates that the results confirm, totally or in part the researchers’ original expectations or predictions
such as the relevance of poverty as it is the major factor of the inflation crime rates that involves children. It is
proved that there is significant relationship in poverty being the main reason why crimes like this happens. It is
supported by various claims that can be seen in the paper and also because that is what most people think it is.
The goal to know if the age brackets that is being proposed still prevails matters if it’s appropriate. The
researchers was able to find alternative that instead of being put to jail immediately, these delinquents or
juveniles to be should be just put into rehabilitation centers that is more functional at helpful than before so that
they will become better person again and be back on the right path.
To the next researchers that will be conducting this kind of study, the researchers would highly
recommend doing a qualitative research to more professional people, most especially those people who have a
background or knowledge about this topic to give much specific answers to make it more reliable and efficient
to the readers. Find a lot of claims that will support every detail inside your study like statistics of the
involvement of juveniles in our country and make sure that everything needs to be specific for the study is about
the law and needs to be precise in all matters. Propose your own kind of intervention that you would prefer for
the intervention of the delinquents cause it might be more effective and the people will support the idea of the
study for some are having doubts on sending their children into rehabilitation centers because the child will lose
it’s freedom and may get traumatized. So if you could propose your own alternative intervention that will lessen
the doubts of the people will be highly recommendable.
104
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SAINT MARY’S ANGELS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA

P. Gomez St., Fortune 7, Parada Rd., Parada, Valenzuela City

“Children’s; Delinquency.” A Research about the lowering of criminal

liability among children in the Philippines.

We have truthfully followed the school policy regarding

academic honesty in completing this research

in partial fulfillment for the requirements in English 10

Submitted to Sir Jenson Belando,

BSED Major in English

Submitted by: Patricia Angelica J. Lavariaz

Marknette B. Concepcion Jr Vashti Anne M. Padrinao

Patricia Denise T. Poblete Yvan C. Del Pilar

Krystyn Joyce S. Aquino Beatrice Ruth M. Esporlas

Mica Jana Reign P. Manzano Abegail D. Hinojales

never neglected our capabilities in doing this research.

has given to us.

might be a very stressful one but it shall never be forgotten.

Title page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Background of the study -------------------------------------------------------------- 7

Definition of Terms -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Statement of the problem------------------------------------------------------------- 10

Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------- 12

Scope and delimitations ------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Chapter III – Methodologies

Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------ 18

Survey Questions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

Chapter IV – Results --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

Chapter V –Recommendations and Conclusions ----------------------------------------------------- 104

Background of the Study

children in conflict with the law.

The objectives of the researchers by the end of this study is to:

lower down the country’s juvenile criminality rate.

 Identify the possible roots of why a child is involved in a criminal case.

Parricide – (n) The killing of a parent or other near relative.

- (v) Kill (someone) unlawfully and with premeditation

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

dangerous adult detention centres.

punished, not the children who are mere victims.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

should not even be happening in the first place.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

putting them in a place that can cause them trauma.

when found guilty to the law.

for recommendations and for the solutions to be effective.

CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGIES

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

would be giving support to the topic, they’re yearning for it to be factual.

divided by their ages and professions.

of Saint Mary’s Angles College of Valenzuela.

Data Gathering Procedure

and other coming from friends and relatives.

friends and relatives.

questions that only requires yes or no.

STUDENTS AND PARENTS

2. How does children or minors being put to jail commonly react?

2. Why does the child commit such crime?

4. What could parents do to lessen children’s crime rates?

CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

What age do you think is the proper age of imprisonment?

Do you think it’s right to imprison a minor?

the thought of minors going to prison.

Do you think that a child is usually involved in illegal practices nowadays?

disagreed with the said idea.