ABSTRACT

Here we are making a variable DC power supply and the main working
principle of this project is full wave rectification which is done by bridge
configuration. Where we are using 4 diodes and those rectifies the output
of the step-down transformer, that stepdown the 220 AC volts to 24 AC
volts. Here we also using a voltage regulator that gives constant voltage,
which gives 5v,12v and it is IC 7805-12 Voltage regulator. Now the main
task is to get variable output and for this we use the pair of 2N3055
transistors to increase the output of the regulator and in which voltage is
variable which gives 0v to 18v variable voltage. In this circuit we use three
capacitor, C1 and C2 are used to get constant input to the regulator.
Moreover it also helps to reduce the sharp peaks in the output. The 1000
µF and 47 µF capacitors are used to reduce the noise and ripples produce
by the regulators. So that the regulated output has less ripples.
OBJECT: To design a regulated DC power supply of (0-18Volt/1A) with Battery
level indicator circuit.

COMPONENT USED:
 220v/24v Transformer (Center Tapped)
 1N4007 Diode (Bridge Rectifier)
 10v/18v Zener
 Potentiometer 10k
 2N3055 NPN Transistor
 7805,7812(Voltage Regulator IC)
 Capacitor 1000uf/50v
 Digital volt meter 0-100v
 DC fan 12v/120mA
 Vero board
 Female Banana Clips
 Fuse 220/1A
 Toggle switch 250v/4A
 LEDs
 BD139 NPN Transistor
 Relay 5v/1A

PROCESS:
  Rectification:
The diode is an ideal and simple device to convert AC into DC. The process is
called rectification. We shall focus our attention on some performance measure of
a rectifier:

Transformer:
A Transformer is a static piece of equipment used either for raising or lowering the
voltage of an ac supply with a corresponding decrease and increase in current. It
essentially consist of two windings primary and secondary, wound on a common
laminated magnetic core as shown in figure.
N1: no. of turns in primary coil
N2: no. of turns in secondary coil
If N1< N2 :- Step-up transformer
N1> N2 :- Step-down transformer
The following points may be noted carefully:-
i. The transformer action is based on the law of electromagnetic induction.
ii. There is no electrical/physical connection between the primary & secondary
windings. The ac power transferred from primary to secondary through
magnetic flux.
Relation b/w voltages and no. of turns is:
(V1/V2)=(N1/N2)

The Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Another type of circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave
rectifier circuit above, is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. This type of single
phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop
“bridge” configuration to produce the desired output. The main advantage of this
bridge circuit is that it does not require a special centre tapped transformer, thereby
reducing its size and cost. The single secondary winding is connected to one side of
the diode bridge network and the load to the other side as shown below.
  CAPACITOR FILTER
We saw in the previous section that the single phase half-wave rectifier produces
an output wave every half cycle and that it was not practical to use this type of
circuit to produce a steady DC supply. The full-wave bridge rectifier however,
gives us a greater mean DC value (0.637 Vmax) with less superimposed ripple
while the output waveform is twice that of the frequency of the input supply
frequency. We can therefore increase its average DC output level even higher by
connecting a suitable smoothing capacitor across the output of the bridge circuit as
shown below.

Voltage Regulator:
A voltage regulator is an integrated circuit (IC) that provides a constant fixed output
voltage regardless of a change in the load or input voltage. It can do this many ways
depending on the topology of the circuit within, but for the purpose of keeping this
project basic, we will mainly focus on the linear regulator. A linear voltage regulator
works by automatically adjusting the resistance via a feedback loop, accounting for
changes in both load and input, all while keeping the output voltage constant.
Variable Voltage Control Using 2N3055:
This is an easy to make power supply which has stable, clean and regulator 0-18V 6/8
Amp output voltage. By using two 2N3055 transistors we become more than 2 times
the amount of amps then the power supply delivers, making it real though to brake.
Although you could use this design to deliver 10 amps (with almost no modifications
and with a proper transformer and a huge heat sink with a fan), I did not needed such
much power. Make sure you mount them on a huge heat sink, as the 2N3055
transistors can get very hot at full load.
Circuit Diagram:

Power Supply Circuit Diagram

Load Circuit Diagram

Conclusion:
Supply is successfully tested on the load of 14v 1A with, additional fixed volt of 5v,
12v with the current of 500mA depending on the quality of regulator
 (ET-144)

ELECTRONICS
Fall Semester 2019

PROJECT REPORT
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY (0-18.5V/1A.12V/1A)

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR JAWWAD ALI

SUBMITTED BY:
HASSAN HUSSAIN | 2019-BSCEL-01
HUMEEZ KHAN | 2019-BSCEL-24
MUNEEB-UR-REHMAN | 2019-BSCEL-29
M.NOMAN | 2019-BSCEL-19
WAQAS ALI| 2019-BSCEL-11
UBAID KHAN | 2019-BSCEL-44

BSC Electrical Engineering Technology Department

Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology
University Road, Karachi 75300