Approximate Analysis Of Statically

Indeterminate Structures:
Trusses
Use Of Approximate Methods
●
When a model is used to represent any
structure, the analysis must satisfy the
– Conditions of equilibrium
– Compatibility of displacement at the joints
Trusses
Trusses
Trusses
●
Method 1:
– The diagonals are intentionally designed to be long
and slender
– Compressive diagonals are zero-force members.
Trusses
●
Method 2:
– The diagonal members are from large rolled
sections such as angles or channels,
– Can carry tensile and compressive loads
– Tension and compression diagonals each carry half
the panel shear.
Sample Problem 1
●
Determine (approximately) the
forces in the members of the truss
shown. The diagonals are to be
designed to support both tensile
and compressive forces, and
therefore each is assumed to carry
half the panel shear. The support
reactions have been computed.
Sample Problem 1
●
Given:
The diagonals support tensile
and compressive stress

●
Required: Forces in the members using
approximate analysis. (FFB = FAE = F)
Sample Problem 1
●
Solution:
From the section shown
3
Σ F y =0 ; 20−10−2
5 ()
F=0; F=8.33 KN

F FB =8.33 KN (T )

F AE =8.33 KN (C )
Sample Problem 1
●
Solution:
From the section shown
4
()
Σ M A =0 ;−8.33
5
(3)+ F FE (3)=0

4
Σ M =0 ;−8.33 ( ) (3)+ F
A AB (3)=0
5
F FE =6.67 KN (C ); F AB =6.67 KN (T )
Sample Problem 1
●
Solution:
From the FBD at point A
Σ F y =0 ;
3
F AF −8.33 ()
5
−10=0

F AF =15 KN (T )
Sample Problem 1
●
Solution:
From the section shown
F DB =8.33 KN (T ); F ED =6.67 KN (C)
F EC =8.33 KN (C ); F BC =6.67 KN (T )

From FBD at point D and E

F DC =5 KN (C)
F EB =10 KN (T )
Sample Problem 2
●
Cross bracing is used to provide lateral
support for this bridge deck due to the wind
and unbalanced traffic loads. Determine
(approximately) the forces in the members of
this truss. Assume the diagonals are slender
and therefore will not support a compressive
force. The loads and support reactions are
shown.
Sample Problem 2
●
Given:

Diagonals are slender

●
Required: Forces in the members using
approximate analysis
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members
F AI =0

Σ F y =0 ;
8−2−F JB cos 45 ̊=0
F JB=8.49 k (T )
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members
Σ M A =0 ;
−8.49 cos 45 ̊ (15)+ F JI (15)=0
F JI =6 k (C )
Σ M J =0 ;
−F AB (15)=0
F AB =0
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members

From the FBD at joint A

F JA =8 kips(C )
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members
The panel shear is V
Σ F y =8−2−4=2kips
F BH =0
Σ F y =0 ; 8−2−4−F IC cos 45 ̊=0
F IC =2.83 k (T )
 Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members
Σ M B =0 ;
−8(15)+2(15)−2.83 sin 45 ̊(15)+ F IH (15)=0
F IH =8 kips(C )
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
Compressive diagonals are zero-force
members
Σ M I =0 ;
−8(15)+2(15)+ F BC (15)=0
F BC =6 kips (T )
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
From the FBD at joint B
Σ F y =0 ;
8.49 sin 45 ̊−F BI =0
F BI =6 kips(C )
Sample Problem 2
●
Solution:
From the FBD at joint C
Σ F y =0 ;
(2)(2.83 sin 45 ̊)−F CH =0
F CH =4 kips(C )
END