Course Directory for

B. Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

(Students admitted from 2016–17)

Offered by the

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
Scheme of Study
III Semester (26 Credits)

Periods No. of
S. Course L T P Contact Credits
Course Name
No. Code Hours /
Week
01. BECCMA 301 R01 / Engineering Mathematics - III 3 1 - 4 4
MCSCMA 301 R01
02. BECCEC 302 R02 / 3 1 - 4 4
Electric Networks
MCSCEC 302 R02
03. BECCEC 303 R02 / 3 1 - 4 4
Digital Electronics
MCSCEC 303 R02
04. BECCEC 304 R03 / 3 1 - 4 4
Electronic Circuits
MCSCEC 304 R02
05. BECCEC 305 R02 / 4 - - 4 4
Engineering Electromagnetics
MCSCEC 305 R02
06. 3 1 - 4 4
Department Elective – I

07. BECCEC 306 R03 / Digital Electronics Laboratory - - 2 2 1

MCSCEC 306 R02
08. BECCEC 307 R02 / Electronic Circuits Laboratory - - 2 2 1
MCSCEC 307 R02
TOTAL 19 5 4 28 26

List of Department Electives for III Semester

BECDEC 302 R03 / MCSDEC 302 R02 – Measurements and Instrumentation

BECDEC 305 R01 / MCSDEC 305 R01 – Material Science
BECDEC 307 / MCSDEC 307 – Java Programming
BECDEC 306 R01 / MCSDEC 306 R01 – Device Physics

Additional courses specified for lateral entry students

L T P C
BECDEC 303 R03 Programming in „C‟ - 3 1 - 4
BECDEC 304 R02 Programming in „C‟ Lab - - - 2 1

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
IV Semester (25 Credits)

Periods No. of
S. Course L T P Contact Credits
Course Name
No. Code Hours /
Week
01. BECCMA 401 R02/ Engineering Mathematics - IV 3 1 - 4 4
MCSCMA 401 R01

02. BECCEC 402 R03 / Linear Integrated Circuits 3 1 - 4 4

MCSCEC 402 R02
03. BECCEC 403 R03 / 3 1 - 4 4
Control systems
MCSCEC 403 R02
04. BECCEC 404 R03/ 3 1 - 4 4
Signals and Systems
MCSCEC 404 R02
05. BECCEC 405 R03 / 4 - - 4 4
Analog Modulation and Systems
MCSCEC 405 R02
06. Department Elective II 3 - - 3 3

07. BECCEC 406 R03 / Circuits and System Simulation - - 2 2 1

MCSCEC 406 R02 Laboratory
08. BECCEC 407 R02 / Linear Integrated Circuits - - 2 2 1
MCSCEC 407 R01 Laboratory
TOTAL 19 4 4 27 25

List of Department Electives for IV Semester:

BECDEC 401 R02 / MCSDEC 401 R02 – Pulse and Wave Shaping Circuits
BECDEC 404 R01/ MCSDEC 404 R01 – Electrical Engineering
BECDEC 406R01 / MCSDEC 406R01 – Nano Electronic Devices
BECDEC 409 / MCSDEC 409 – Biomedical Engineering

Additional courses specified for lateral entry students

L T P C
BECDEC 407 R02 Programming in „C++‟ - 3 1 - 4
BECDEC 408 R01 Programming in „C++‟ Lab - - - 2 1

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCMA 301R01 / MCSCMA 301R01

Semester: III

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – III

(Common to All Branches)

Course Objective:
To help the learners in understanding various transform techniques used in Engineering
disciplines and Analytic function theory in engineering computations.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Laplace Transforms
Laplace transforms – definition – Conditions for existence – Transform of standard functions –
Properties – Transform of derivatives and integrals – Derivatives and integrals of transforms.
Inverse Laplace transforms – Convolution theorem – transform of periodic functions, unit step
function and unit impulse (or dirac delta) function.
Applications to solve higher order ordinary differential equations and Simultaneous differential
equations with constant coefficients and integro- differential equations. Simple Engineering
Applications: Bending of Beams, Whirling of Shafts and Electric Circuits.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Complex Differentiation
Analytic functions – Necessary conditions for analyticity – Cauchy- Riemann equations in
Cartesian and polar coordinates – Sufficient conditions for analyticity (without proof) –
Properties of analytic functions: Harmonic functions– Orthogonal system – Construction of an
analytic function when its real or imaginary part is given – Conformal mappings -
1
e z , sin z, cos z, z  and sinh z only – Bilinear Transformation. Simple Engineering
z
applications: Complex potential functions, Stream lines, equipotential, velocity potential and
stream functions.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

Complex Integration
Complex integration –Line and Surface Integrals- Cauchy‟s integral theorem – Integral formula –
Taylor‟s and Laurent‟s series (without proof) – Singularities – Zeros – Poles and residues –
Cauchy‟s residue theorem – Contour integration – evaluation of integrals of the type
f x 
2 

 f sin  , cos   d and  g x  dx only.

0 

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Fourier Transforms
The infinite Fourier transforms – Sine and cosine transforms – properties – Inversion theorem –
problems – Convolution theorem – Parseval‟s identity – Problems – Finite Fourier transforms –
Sine and cosine transforms – Evaluation of definite Integrals-problems Solving boundary value
problems using finite Fourier sine and cosine transforms.

TEXTBOOKS

1. T.Veerarajan, Engineering Mathematics (For Semester III), Tata Mcgraw – Hill

Publishers Ltd, New Delhi, 2010.
2. Dr. M.K.Venkataraman, Engineering Mathematics, Part A, National publishing company,
2004.

REFERENCES

1. J.Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, Wiley eastern Ltd.,
2007.
2. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna publishers, 2006.
3. Jain R.K and S.R.K. Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Narosa publications,
2006.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have knowledge to use the transform techniques in other fields of
Engineering such as Signal and Image processing and also to transform functions
from one domain to another domain.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to apply various concepts in Analytic Function Theory in
application areas such as heat conduction, elasticity, fluid dynamics and flow of
electric current.
UNIT – III The learners will be capable of evaluating complicated integrals using residue
calculus.
UNIT – IV The learners will have a strong idea of applying Fourier transform techniques in
solving boundary and initial value problems in various branches of Engineering.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCEC 302R02 / MCSCEC 302R02

Semester: III

ELECTRIC NETWORKS

Course Objectives:
 To learn to analyze the networks using mesh and nodal analysis, transformational
techniques, transient methods and resonance.
 To understand the simplification of networks using network theorems.
 To characterize the networks in terms of various parameters.
 To learn to synthesize the networks and understand the principles of attenuators and
equalizers.

UNIT – I 12 Periods
Circuits, Transients, Resonance and Coupled circuits
Introduction to DC and AC electrical circuits-Super-Mesh and Super Node Analysis – Star-Delta
Transformation-Source Transformation.
Transient response of RL, RC and RLC Circuits using Laplace transform for DC input and
sinusoidal input.
Series and parallel resonance – frequency response – Quality factor and Bandwidth - Self and
mutual inductance – Coefficient of coupling – Tuned circuits – Single tuned circuits.

UNIT – II 18 Periods
Network Theorems
Thevenin‟s Theorem – Norton‟s Theorem – Superposition Theorem – Maximum Power Transfer
Theorem – Reciprocity Theorem – Substitution Theorem – Compensation Theorem – Millman‟s
Theorem – Tellegen‟s Theorem – Both for DC and AC Circuits.

UNIT – III 18 Periods

Two port networks and Filters
Characterization of two port networks in terms of Z,Y, h and ABCD parameters.
Symmetrical Network: Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant – Types of Networks
(T,  and Twin–T Networks) – Design and analysis of T and  Networks in terms of Zo and  .
Asymmetrical Network: Image and Iterative Impedances – Image and Iterative Transfer
Constant – L, T and  Networks.
Filters : Principle of operation - Classification -Attenuation and Phase Constant-Cut off
Frequency-Analysis of Prototype Constant K and m-Derived Low pass and High pass Filters-
Terminating section - Composite Filters.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

UNIT – IV 12 Periods
Synthesis of single port networks, Attenuators and Equalizers
Synthesis of single port networks: Positive real functions, Synthesis of one port RL, RC, LC
immitance functions using Foster and Cauer methods.
Attenuators: Symmetrical Attenuators-T, Π, Bridged-T and Lattice Attenuators-Asymmetrical
Attenuators-L, T and π Type Attenuators.
Equalizers: Classification of Equalizers – Series and Shunt Equalizers – Inverse Network –
Constant Resistance Equalizers: Full Series and Full Shunt Equalizers.

TEXTBOOKS

1. A. Sudhakar and Shyammohan, Circuits and Networks – Analysis and Synthesis, 5th
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2015.
2. V M.E. Van Valkenburg, Network Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. W.H. Hayt , J.E Kemmerley and S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuits Analysis, 6th Edition,
McMillian & McGraw Hill, 2006.
2. Smarajit Ghose, Network Theory, Prentice Hall of India, 2005.
3. Joseph. A. Edminister, Electric Circuits - Schaum's outline series, 4th Edition, McGraw
Hill International, 2003.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1D46B10238154408.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have an understanding of analysis of networks by using

nodal and mesh methods, transformational techniques, transients and
resonance.
UNIT – II The learners will systematically simplify the circuits by using various
network theorems.
UNIT – III The learners will have an understanding of characterization of two port
networks and filters in terms of various parameters.
UNIT – IV The learners will be able to solve the problems related to synthesis of
single port networks, attenuators and equalizers.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCEC 303R02 / MCSCEC 303R02 / BEECEE 303R01 /MPSCEE 303R01 /
BEICEI 303R03 /MICCEI 303R02
Semester: III

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the basics of logic gates, SOP, POS and their simplification techniques
 To design and analyze various combinational and sequential class of simple and
complex logic circuits and in-turn to provide a strong foundation to learn courses like
Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and VLSI Design.
 To understand the concept of memories and programmable logic devices

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Boolean Simplification & Logic Family
Review of Number Systems and Codes -Boolean Functions: Boolean Laws- Simplification using
the Laws- Minterms- Maxterms- Sum of Product and Product of Sum forms – Simplification of
Boolean expressions using Karnaugh Map – Quine McClusky Method -NAND, NOR
Implementation.
Digital Logic families: RTL- DTL – ECL – TTL – CMOS Logic Families- Characteristics -
Comparison of IC Families.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Combinational Circuits
Combinational Circuits: Half and full adder,Ripple carry adder,Carry look ahead adder,BCD
adder,Half and full subtractor,Parallel adder/subtractor,BCD subtractor-Magnitude comparators
-Multiplexer-Demultiplexer
Encoder :Decimal to BCD, Octal to Binary, Priority encoder- Decoder :2-4 line,3-8 line,4-16
line,BCD to Decimal,BCD to seven segment
Code converters :Gray to Binary, Binary to Gray, Gray to BCD, Parity generator/checker-
Implementation of Boolean functions using Multiplexer and demultiplexer.

UNIT – III 18 Periods

Sequential Circuits
Flip flops: RS, D, JK and T, Characteristics equation and excitation table-Master Slave Flip
flops-Realization of one flip flop using other flip flops.
Shift registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO, Bi-directional Shift register and Universal Shift register
using Multiplexer.
Counters: Design of Synchronous counters and Asynchronous counters, Ring counter, Johnson
counter, Sequence generator using counters and shift register.
Finite State Machine (FSM): Basic Design Procedure-Mealy & Moore Machine.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT-IV 12 Periods
PLDS & Memories
Memories: Memory basics – Types of Memories: RAM, ROM, PROM and Flash Memory –
Memory expansion.
Programmable Devices: SPLD: PAL, PLA, GAL and CPLD - Design of 4 bit microprocessor.

TEXTBOOKS

1. M.Morris Mano, Digital Design, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2011.

2. T.L.Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th Edition, Pearson Education, 2011.
3. Albert Malvino Leach, Digital principles and Applications, 5th Edition, Tata Mc-Graw Hill,
2005.

REFERENCES

1. Ronald J.Tocci,Neal S.Widmer, Digital systems principles and applications,11th Edition,

Prentice Hall of India, 2010.
2. Charles H.Roth,Jr., Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson. 2007.
3. Donald D. Givone, Digital Principles and Designs,TMH, 2003.

ONLINE MATERIALS

1. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF322552FBCA61BA7.
2. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-
%20Guwahati/digital_circuit/frame/index.html

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have a basic knowledge on the laws of binary logic and will also
have an understanding of the various digital logic families.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to design various combinational logic circuits.
UNIT – III The learners will be able to analyze, design and implement the synchronous and
asynchronous sequential circuits and also develop finite state machines.
UNIT – IV The learners will be able to program programmable logic devices and design a
processor.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCEC 304R03 / MCSCEC 304R02 / BEECEE 304 / MPSCEE 304 /
BEICEI 304R03 / MICCEI 304R02
Semester: III

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objective:
To provide fundamental knowledge for designing BJT, JFET and MOSFET amplifiers and
analysing their frequency response behaviour for small & large signal models with low & high
frequency input signals. Also, to study the influence of both the negative and positive feed backs
on the characteristics of various amplifiers.

UNIT – I 14 Periods
Biasing of BJT, JFET and MOSFET
Review of characteristics of BJT, JFET & MOSFET– Selection of Operating Point for BJT- DC
Load Line – BJT: Types of Biasing (Fixed, Emitter Feedback, Collector Feedback & Voltage
Divider) – Bias Stabilization – Bias compensation – JFET: Types of Biasing (Gate, Self, Voltage
Divider, Source & Current Source) – MOSFET: Types of Biasing (Drain Feedback & Voltage
Divider).

UNIT – II 16 Periods
Small Signal Analysis and Frequency Response of BJT, JFET and MOSFET Amplifiers
BJT Amplifiers: Small Signal Analysis: Classifications of Amplifier - Common Emitter Amplifier,
Common Base Amplifier, Emitter Follower: r‟e Model, h Parameter – Hybrid  Model –
Frequency Response analysis of Common Emitter Amplifier – Miller Effect.
Multistage amplifiers: Cascade Connection, Cascode connection.
JFET Amplifiers: Small Signal Model: Common Source – Common Drain – Common Gate.
MOSFET Amplifiers: Small Signal Parameters, Small Signal Equivalent Circuit – Common
Source Amplifier – Common Drain Amplifier.

UNIT – III 14 Periods

Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators
Effect of positive and negative feedback on amplifiers – Feedback connection types – Feedback
amplifiers – Merits and demerits.
Oscillators-principle of operation – Phase shift – Wein Bridge – Crystal – LC Oscillators using
BJT-UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable & Bistable (Principle of Operation Only).

UNIT – IV 16 Periods
Tuned Amplifiers and Power Amplifiers
Tuned Amplifiers: Single Tuned - Double Tuned- Stagger Tuned.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
Power Amplifiers: Working Principle of Class A, Class AB, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class
S amplifiers - Efficiency of Class A, B and C amplifiers.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Richard C. Jaeger, Travis N. Blalock, Microelectronic Circuit Design, 5th Edition, McGraw
Hill, 2016.
2. Donald A Neamen, Electronic Circuit Design and Analysis, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2014.
3. Robert L. Boylestad & Lousis Nashelsky, Electronic devices & Circuit Theory, 10th
Edition, Pearson education, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Jacob Millman, Christos C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 4th
Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2015.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar, A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2011.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4C141B35706AD19A.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have an understanding of the concepts of biasing of BJT,
JFET, MOSFET and various stabilization techniques. They will be able to
apply the concept to design various biasing circuits.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to analyze the small signal models of BJT, JFET and
MOSFET and will know how the circuit responds to low and high frequency
input signals.
UNIT – III The learners will be able to design negative and positive feedback circuits and
elucidate the working of different oscillators for any given frequency.
UNIT – IV The learners will have an understanding of the basic function of power and
tuned amplifiers and will be able to design tuned and power amplifiers for a
given specification.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
04 -- -- 04
Course Code: BECCEC 305R02 / MCSCEC 305R02
Semester: III

ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS

Course Objective:
To provide the students with an understanding of fundamentals of electricity and magnetism and
enables them to apply these concepts in communication related applications.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Time– varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations
Introduction – Review of Vectors– Faraday‟s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction – Transformer
and Motional EMF – Equation of Continuity – Inconsistency of Ampere‟s Law – Displacement
Current – Maxwell‟s Equations – Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions – Time Harmonic Fields
– Maxwell‟s Equations in phasor form – Power and Poynting‟s Theorem.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Introduction – general Wave Equations – Wave Propagation in Lossy Dielectrics and in
Lossless Dielectrics – Free Space Wave Propagation – Plane Wave in Good Conductors –
Reflection of Plane Wave at Normal and Oblique Incidence – Polarization of a Wave – Linear,
Elliptical and Circular Polarization.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

Transmission Lines
Introduction – Transmission Line Parameters – Transmission Line Equations – Lossless and
Distortion Less Lines – Input Impedance, Standing Wave Ratio and Power – Shorted, Open and
Matched Lines – Smith Chart – Quarter-Wave Transformer and Single Stub Tuner.

UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Waveguides
Introduction – Rectangular Waveguides – Transverse Magnetic (TM) Modes – Transverse
Electric (TE) Modes – Impossibility of TEM Wave in Wave Guides – Wave Propagation in the
Guide– Power Transmission and Attenuation – Losses in a Wave Guide – Cavity Resonators.

TEXTBOOK

1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku, Principles of Electromagnetics, 4th Edition, Oxford University

Press, New York, 2007.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
REFERENCES

1. Edward C. Jordan and Keith G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating

Systems, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006.
2. Bhag Singh Guru and Huseyin R.Hiziroglu, Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals,
Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2005.
3. David K.Cheng, Field and wave Electromagnetics, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Asia,
2004.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2340/Electromagnetic-Fields.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will understand how to use basic vector analysis to realize the
boundary conditions as well as to interpret the energy and power of the
electromagnetic fields.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to explain the phenomena of reflection and
transmission of waves in different media and also the different types of
polarization of waves on the basis of electromagnetic wave propagation.
UNIT – III Deriving the basic transmission line equations, the learners will understand
the propagation characteristics and how to use Smith chart for impedance
matching.
UNIT – IV Wave equations will be used to explain the TE and TM modes of
propagation in rectangular waveguides to the learners. They will get basic
concepts of cavity resonators and their applications.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
-- -- 02 01

Course Code: BECCEC 306R03 / MCSCEC 306R02 / BEECEE 306 / MPSCEE 306 /
BEICEI 306R03 / MICCEI 306R02
Semester: III

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objective:
To understand and design various combinational and sequential logic circuits, memories and in-
turn to assemble a 4 bit processor.

List of Experiments

1. Arithmetic Circuit- Construction and Testing using 74xx ICs

(i) Half adder and Full adder.
(ii) Half subtractor and Full subtractor.
2. Decoders with 7 segment display.
3. Combinational Logic Circuit Design using 74xx ICs.
4. Four bit (Modulo 16) Adder / Subtractor.
5. 1- bit Comparator-using 74xx and study of 4 bit Comparator IC 7485.
6. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
7. Arithmetic Logic Unit.
8. Verification of various flip-flops using gates.
9. 3 bit Asynchronous Ripple Counter.
10. Shift Register – SIPO/SISO & PIPO/PISO.
11. Register file, instruction and data memories.
12. Assembling the Processors.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Exp. No Outcome
1. Learners will be able to design adders and subtractors using ICs.
2. Learners will be able to design decoders with a 7 segment display.
3. Learners will be able to design various combinational circuits with 74xx ICs.
4. Learners will be able to design four bit modulo 16 adder and subtractor.
5. Learners will be capable of designing a 1-bit comparator using 74xx ICs and
analyze 4-bit comparator using IC 7485.
6. Learners will be able to design multiplexer and demultiplexer using ICs.
7. Learners will be able to design an arithmetic and logic unit.
8. Learners will be able to analyze and verify the output of various flip-flops with
gates.
9. Learners will be able to design 3-bit asynchronous ripple counter.
10. Learners will be able to design shift registers of various configurations like
Serial-in Parallel-out (SIPO), Serial-in Serial-out (SISO), Parallel-in Parallel-out
(PIPO) and Parallel-in Serial-out (PISO).
11. Learners will be able to design registers and memories.
12. Learners will be able to assemble processors, which will contain all the
combinational and sequential circuits designed in the prior practical classes.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
-- -- 02 01

Course Code: BECCEC 307R02 / MCSCEC 307R02 / BEECEE 307 / MPSCEE 307 /
BEICEI 307R03 / MICCEI 307R02
Semester: III

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objectives:
 To understand the basic V - I characteristics of various active devices
 To design electronic circuits with difference frequency response characteristics

List of Experiments

1. Design of emitter feedback, collector feedback and voltage divider bias using BJT.
2. Frequency response characteristics of RC coupled amplifier using BJT.
3. Frequency response characteristics of direct coupled amplifier using BJT.
4. Frequency response of CC amplifier.
5. Transistor, FET and MOSFET as a switch.
6. Differential amplifier using BJT.
7. Frequency response of current series amplifier (with and without feedback).
8. Frequency response characteristics of single tuned amplifier.
9. Frequency response characteristics of Complementary symmetry push-pull amplifier.
10. Design of Audio frequency oscillator.
11. Relaxation oscillator using UJT.
12. Frequency response characteristics of cascode amplifier.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Exp. No Outcome
1. The learners will be able to design various biasing and feedback circuits for a
given specification and they can troubleshoot them.
2. The learners will be able to design the RC coupled amplifier circuit for a
desired frequency response.
3. The learners will be able to design a direct coupled amplifier circuit for the
desired gain characteristics.
4. The learners will be able to design a emitter follower circuit for a desired
frequency response.
5. The learners will be able to design switches using BJT, FET and MOSFET.
6. The learners will be able to design differential amplifier using BJT and FET.
7. The learners will be able to design a current series amplifier circuit and will
know how the circuit will respond with and without feedback for a given
excitation.
8. The learners will be able to design single tuned amplifier circuit for a specific Q
factor and bandwidth.
9. The learners will be able to design a complementary symmetry push pull
amplifier and know how the circuit responds to a given excitation.
10. The learners will be able to design an AFO for any given frequency.
11. The learners will be able to construct and design a relaxation oscillator.
12. The learners will be able to design a cascode amplifier circuit and know how
the circuit responds to a given excitation.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
03 01 -- 04
Course Code: BECDEC 302R03 / MCSDEC 302R02
Semester: III

MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Course Objectives:
 To understand the standards of measurements and various types of bridges for measuring
passive elements in a network.
 To provide an insight into the working principle of transducers, analog and digital
instruments.
 To understand the working principle of display devices, recorders and analyzers.

UNIT – I 18 Periods
Measurement Concepts
Generalized measurement systems – Measurement system characteristics – Static
characteristics: Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Linearity, Resolution, Reproducibility,
Repeatability – Dynamic characteristics: Speed of response, Measuring lag, Fidelity, Dynamic
error, Limiting errors – Types of errors: Gross errors, Systematic errors, Random errors –
Standards and their classifications – Statistical treatment of data: Arithmetic mean, Deviation,
Average deviation, Standard deviation, Variance.
Concept of Direct and Indirect Measuring Methods – Classification of Instruments: Absolute,
Secondary Type, Deflection and Null Type.
DC Bridges: Wheatstone‟s bridge, Kelvin's double bridge – AC bridges: Maxwell‟s bridge,
Hay‟s bridge, Anderson‟s bridge, Owen's bridge, De-Sauty's bridge, Schering‟s bridge, Wein's
bridge – Phasor diagram for the bridges.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Transducers and Instruments
Transducers: Potentiometer, Strain Gauge, Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT),
Thermocouple, Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Thermistors, Resistance thermometer,
Electro-acoustic, Piezo-Electric and Photoelectric Transducers.
Instruments:: Principle, of operation of D‟Arsonval PMMC, Moving iron instruments –
Extending the ranges of ammeter and voltmeter – True- RMS Voltmeter – Series and Shunt
type Ohm meter – analog multimeter – Q Meter.

UNIT – III 13 Periods

Digital Instrumentation
Digital Instruments: Advantages, Resolution, Sensitivity and specifications for Digital Meters.
Types of digital voltmeter: Ramp, Dual slope, Successive approximation and Integrating type–
Digital multimeter.
Digital counter – Digital methods of measuring period, frequency, frequency ratio – Vector
Voltmeter.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT – IV 14 Periods
Display Devices, Recorders and Analyzers
LED – Multi-segment LED display – LCD – Plasma Display – Oscilloscopes – CRO Types: Dual
beam, Dual trace – Sampling oscilloscope – Digital storage oscilloscope – Applications.
Recorders: X-Y recorder, Magnetic Tape recorder, Galvanometer type recorder.
Signal analyzers (Block diagram approach): Wave analyzer, Harmonic distortion analyzer,
Spectrum analyzer.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Sawhney, A.K, A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instruments,

19th Edition, Dhanpat Rai & sons, 2011.
2. Kalsi, H.S, Electronic Instrumentation, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2010.
3. Albert D. Helfrick, William D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. Rajput, R.K, Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, 3rd Edition, S.
Chand & Company, 2013.
2. Lal Kishore, K, Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, Pearson, 2010.
3. David. A.Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 3rd Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2013.
4. Golding, E.W. and Widdis, F.C, Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments, 5th
Edition, A.H.Wheeler & Co, 1998.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://nptel.iitk.ac.in/Courses%28Video%29.php

LEARNING OUTCOMES
UNIT – I The learners will be able to gain the knowledge of basic measurement systems;
their static and dynamic characteristics. They will be able to use AC and DC
bridges to measure unknown impedances in a network.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to understand different types of transducers used in
measurement systems and working principle of various deflection systems.
UNIT – III The learners will be able to use analog and digital instruments for measuring
voltage and currents.
UNIT – IV The learners will have an understanding of the significance of display units,
recorders and various data analyzers.

19
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECDEC 305R01 / MCSDEC 305R01 / BEEDEE 303 / MPSDEE 303 /
BEIDEI 301R01 / MICDEI 301R01
Semester: III

MATERIAL SCIENCE

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objective:
To help the learners to understand the theory and various properties of materials for different
applications.

UNIT – I 15 periods
Structure of Materials
Atomic structure and bonding in materials - Crystal structure of materials - Crystal systems -
Unit cells and Space lattices - Miller indices of planes and directions - Packing geometry in
metallic, ionic and covalent solids - Concept of amorphous, single and polycrystalline structures
and their effects on properties of materials.
Metals and alloys – The structure of Silica and the Silicates – Classification of Polymers –
Structure and crystallinity of long chain Polymers.

UNIT – II 15 periods
Electrical Properties
Classical free electron theory – Quantum theory –Electrons in metal – Fermi energy and density
of states – Electron in a periodic potential and Kronig-Penney model.
Contact potential & Seeback, Peltier and Thomson effect - Thermoelectric generator - Materials
for electrical resistances, brushes of electrical machines - Lamp filaments, fuses and soldering -
Classification of electrical insulating materials - FRLS cable and XLPE materials.

UNIT – III 15 periods

Optical Materials and Display Devices
Optical properties of conductors and semiconductors - direct and indirect band gap
semiconductors - Non linear optics - Harmonic generation – Optical mixing – Optical phase
conjugation – Solitons - materials with Non linear optical properties – colour center – exciton -
Luminescence – Fluorescence – phosphorescence.
LED – semiconductor – OLED – Principle –working – materials. LCD – types - construction –
working principle – materials and applications. Plasma display- materials – applications.

UNIT – IV 15 periods
Advanced Materials
General properties and types of superconducting materials - BCS theory - Electron-phonon
interaction - High temperature TC .

20
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
Smart materials: exhibiting ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties - Shape memory alloys -
Classification, structure and properties of advanced ceramics- Properties and applications of
various composite materials.

TEXTBOOKS

1. V. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edition, PHI Learning Private
Limited, 2011.
2. D. William and Callister, Jr, Materials Science and Engineering-An Introduction, 8th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2010.
3. N. W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics, 1st Indian Edition, Cengage
publishing, 2003.
4. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

REFERENCES

1. B. S. Saxena, R. C. Gupta and P. N. Saxena, Fundamentals of Solid State Physics, 12th

Edition, Pragai Prakashan, Meerut, 2008.
2. James D. Patterson and Bernard C. Bailey, Solid - State Physics: Introduction
totheTheory, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
3. A. J. Dekkar, Electrical Engineering Materials, 19th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/courses/122102008

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have an understanding of atomic structure, crystal structure
and crystal imperfection and their effect on properties of materials.
UNIT – II The learners will have an understanding of electron theory and various effects
in designing electrical components.
UNIT – III The learners will have an understating of the optical properties of materials.
Also, the learner will be able to apply the optical phenomenon in understanding
the different type of display devices.
UNIT – IV The learners will be able to know the property and theories of different new
materials such as high temperature superconductor, smart materials, shape
memory alloys, polymer and ceramic materials.

21
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECDEC 307 / MCSDEC 307 / BEEDCS 502R01 / MPSDCS 502R01
Semester: III

JAVA PROGRAMMING

(Common to ECE and EEE)

Course Objective:
To help the learner develop Java console applications and applets using AWT controls for front-
end design & database connections for back-end access.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming - Genesis of Java - Overview of Java - Data types,
Variables and Arrays - Operators – Control Statements - Introducing Classes - Methods and
Classes - Overloading - Understanding Static, Final - Nested and Inner Classes - String Class -
Command Line Arguments - Inheritance - Packages and Interfaces - Exception Handling.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Multithreading and Event Handling
Multithreaded Programming - Java Thread Model - Creating Multiple Threads - Thread Priorities
- Synchronization - Inter Thread communication - Suspending, Resuming and Stopping Threads
- Obtaining a thread's state – I/O Basics – Reading & Writing Console Input – Print Writer
Class-Reading and Writing files – Automatic closing of files - Applets - Fundamentals - Applet
Class -Applet Architecture- Applet Skeleton – Applet display methods – HTML Applet tags-
Passing parameters to Applets- Event Handling - Event Classes – Key event class - Event
Listener Interfaces – Delegation Event Model - Adapter Classes - Inner Classes.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

Abstract Windowing Tool kit, String handling and Networking basics
AWT - Window Fundamentals - Working with Frame Windows, Graphics, Colors and Fonts -
Using AWT Controls, Layout Managers and Menus – Control Fundamentals - Understanding
Layout Managers. Java Library - String handling - String Operation, Comparison, Searching,
Modifying - String Buffer- Networking basics-Networking classes and interfaces-Inet4 and Inet6
address-TCP/IP client & server sockets - URL connection and class-cookies-datagrams.

UNIT – IV 15 Periods
JAVA Database Programming
Java Database Connectivity-Database Systems – an Introduction-Structured Query Language-
Installing and setting up JDBC-Basic JDBC Programming concepts-Populating a database-
Executing Queries-Scrollable and Updateable Result Sets.

22
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
TEXT BOOKS

1. Herbert Schildt, "The Complete Reference Java 2", 9th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition,
2014.
2. Cay S. Horstmann & Gary Cornell, Core Java Volume II – Advanced Features, 8th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2008.

REFERENCE

1. Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel, JAVA: How to Program, 7th Edition, Deitel & Associates
Inc., 2006.

ONLINE MATERIALS

1. NPTEL – http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-092-
introduction-to-programming-in-java-january-iap-2010/lecture-notes/
2. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUhOEj4z8Fo
3. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uxp7mqUIfk
4. NPTEL – www.nptelvideos.com/java/java_video_lectures_tutorials.php

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learner will be able to write programs on Inheritance, polymorphism,

packages, interfaces and exception handling.
UNIT – II The learner will be able to write programs on Multi-Threading, file handling
and develop their own applets with the support of event handling
mechanisms.
UNIT – III The learner will understand AWT components, Graphics class, String class,
networking basics and apply these concepts to writing programs.
UNIT – IV The learner will be able to create a database and perform database
operations through JDBC-ODBC connectivity.

23
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04
Course Code: BECDEC 306R01 / MCSDEC 306R01
Semester: III
DEVICE PHYSICS
(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objectives:
 To develop a deep understanding of Physics of semiconductors and their operation so
that materials, device types and device performance can be correlated.
 To understand the relation of performance parameters with underlying semiconductor
properties and to understand the physical concepts of devices.
 To serve as a pre-requisite for the courses Electronic Circuits, VLSI design, Power
electronics and Pulse and Wave Shaping Circuits.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Introduction to Semiconductors
Band structures - Intrinsic semiconductors - Extrinsic semiconductors - Density of states - Fermi
function - Electron and hole concentration, np product, carrier concentration calculations, Fermi
level determination, Current flow - Drift, Diffusion - Carrier generation and
recombination(concept only) - Continuity equations - Minority carrier lifetime - Quasi Fermi level
- Einstein relation.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
PN Junction Diodes
Energy band diagrams - Current flow in a pn junction - Energy band diagram at equilibrium and
bias for step junction - Current-voltage characteristics -Non-ideal characteristics - Junction
capacitance - Ohmic & Schottky contacts.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

BJT and MOSFET devices
Physics of operation of BJT, Performance parameters of BJT, Ideal transistor analysis - Current
crowding &Base resistance - Early effect - Avalanche breakdown - High injection - Kirk effect –
Recombination.
Physics of operation of MOSFET - Flat band and threshold voltage, Id-Vg derivation, MOS
capacitors - MOSFET at equilibrium and non-equilibrium - Short channel effects.

UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Special devices
Photodiodes - pn junction photodiode, Solar cells - Solar cell basics, efficiency considerations -
Solar cell technologies - LEDs - Types of LEDs - Working of LEDs, Laser diodes - Structures -
Laser action.

24
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
TEXT BOOKS

1. Robert F. Pierret, ”Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Pearson Education”, 2011

2. M.S. Tyagi, “Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Device”s, Wiley India Private
Limited, 2008.

REFERENCES
1. Betty Anderson and Richard Anderson, Fundamentals of semiconductor devices,
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2013.
2. S.M. Sze, Physics of semiconductor devices, Wiley India Private Limited, 2008.
3. Pallab Bhattacharya, Semiconductor optoelectronic devices, Prentice Hall, 2002.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The learners will be able to

Unit – I Reason out the formation of band structure, and acquire a theoretical knowledge
about intrinsic / extrinsic semiconductors, electrons, holes, drift-diffusion current
and Einstein equation.
Unit – II Define and analyze the generation / recombination of charge carriers and the
Physics of PN junction diode.
Unit – III Discuss the evolution and development of BJT and FET devices. Also, they can
analyze the design parameters and applications of these devices.
Unit – IV Describe the operation of different optoelectronic devices like photodiodes, solar
cells, LEDs and laser diodes.

25
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCMA 401R02 / MCSCMA 401R01

Semester: IV

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – IV

(Common to All Branches)

Course Objective:
To help the learners in understanding the application of Fourier series to solve wave and heat
conduction problems arising in Engineering studies and to deal with higher order Partial
differential equations in various branches of Engineering.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Fourier Series
Introduction – Dirichlet‟s Conditions – Euler‟s Formula – General Fourier Series – Odd and
Even Functions – Half Range Series – Parseval‟s Identity – Complex Form of Fourier Series
– Root Mean Square (RMS) Value of a Function – Numerical Methods of Finding Fourier
Coefficients - Harmonic Analysis.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)
Formation of PDEs – Elimination of Arbitrary Constants and Functions – Complete Solution –
Singular Solution – General Solution – Solution of PDE by Direct Integration – First Order Non
Linear PDEs – Standard Types: f(p,q) = 0; f(z,p,q) = 0; f(x,y,p,q) = 0 and Clairaut‟s Equations –
Equations Reducible to Standard Types – Lagrange‟s Linear Equations – Solution of Higher
Order Homogeneous PDEs with Constant Coefficients.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

One dimensional wave and heat equations
One Dimensional Wave Equation–Assumptions- Boundary and Initial Value Problems
– Fourier Series Solution - One Dimensional Heat Equation –Assumptions- Steady and
Unsteady States - Boundary and Initial Value Problems–Fourier Series Solution.

UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Two dimensional heat flow equations
Two Dimensional Heat Flow Equation - Assumptions- Steady State Heat Flow in Two
Dimensions – Laplace Equation in Cartesian and Polar Coordinates (including Annulus) –
Fourier Series Solution.

TEXTBOOK

1. Dr.P.Kandasamy et al., Engineering Mathematics, Vol – III, S. Chand & Co., 2009.

26
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

REFERENCES

1. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, Wiley Eastern

Company, 2009.
2. Dr.B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 2007.
3. T. Veerarajan, Engineering Mathematics (for semester IV),Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Ltd., 2001.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will be able to use Fourier series approximation for various
functions and to appreciate the use of Fourier harmonics in physical
problems.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to understand various methods of solving partial
differential equations that govern various physical processes.
UNIT – III The learners will be capable of solving various initial and boundary value
problems that correspond to vibration of strings and heat conduction to
provide Fourier series solution.
UNIT – IV The learners will have an idea to solve two dimensional boundary and initial
value problems that correspond to engineering phenomena.

27
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
03 01 -- 04
Course Code: BECCEC 402R03 / MSCCEC 402R02
Semester: IV

LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the basic building blocks of operational amplifier and to introduce the
concepts of DC and AC characteristics and the linear and non-linear applications of
operational amplifiers.
 To train the students to understand the principle and the design of oscillators, waveform
generators and voltage regulators.
 To design and draw the frequency response of filters and to teach the concept of data
converters.
 To introduce a few special functions integrated circuits and their applications.

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Op Amp Characteristics and Applications
Op-amp Block Diagram – Basic Differential Amplifier Configuration – Equivalent Circuit– DC
Characteristics: Input bias current, Input offset current, Input offset voltage and Thermal drift –
CMRR – AC characteristics: Slew rate and Frequency response
Op-amp Applications: Inverting, non inverting and Differential Amplifiers – Scale Changer,
Inverter, Inverting summing amplifier, Voltage follower, averager, Subtractor, Differentiator and
Integrator, Log and Antilog Amplifiers, Multiplier and Divider, V to I and I to V Converters,
Precision Rectifiers, Clipper and Clamper , Sample and Hold, Instrumentation Amplifier(using
Three and Two op amp ), AC Amplifier and Peak detector

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Comparators, Signal generators and Voltage Regulators
Comparators: Comparator–Applications of comparator: Zero crossing detector, Phase angle
detector, Time marker generator and Window detector– Schmitt Trigger – Astable multivibrator
– Monostable Multivibrator – Triangular Wave Generator
Signal generators: RC Phase shift oscillator and Wein bridge oscillator
Regulators: Series op-amp regulator, Fixed or Three terminal IC voltage regulator, General
purpose high voltage and low voltage regulator using IC 723, Switched mode regulator: Buck
and Boost

UNIT – III 15 Periods

Active Filters and Data Converters
Active filters: First order and Second order low pass and high pass filter, wide and narrow
band pass filter, Wide and narrow band reject filter – Switched Capacitor (SC) filter–SC
Integrator – FDNR

28
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
Data Converters: Specifications of DAC and ADC – DAC: Binary weighted resistor, R-2R and
Inverted R-2R ladder Network– ADC: Flash type, Counter type, Tracking or Servo Type,
Successive Approximation Type, Charge Balancing and Dual Slope- Monolithic DAC.

UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Timers and PLL
IC 555 Timer: Block Diagram – Modes of Operation: Astable and Monostable – Applications in
Astable mode: Square wave oscillator, Free running ramp generator, FSK generator, Pulse
position modulator, Schmitt trigger- Applications in Monostable mode: Frequency divider, Pulse
width modulator, Linear ramp generator and missing pulse detector.
PLL: Basic Principles-Block Diagram-Analog and Digital Phase Detector-Voltage Controlled
Oscillator- Low Pass Filter-Monolithic PLL IC 565- Derivation of lock-in range and capture
range– Applications of PLL: Frequency multiplication/division, Frequency translation, AM
detection, FM and FSK demodulation

TEXTBOOKS

1. Roy Choudhury, D. and Jain, Shail, B. Linear Integrated Circuits. 4th Edition, New Age
International publishers. 2010.
2. Gayakwad, Ramakant, A. Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits. 4th Edition, Prentice
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Sedra, Adel, S. and Smith, Kenneth, C. Microelectronic circuits. 5th Edition, Oxford
University press. 2009.
2. Sergio Franco. Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuit., 3rd
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 2002.
3. Coughlin, Robert, F. and Driscoll, Frederick, F. Operational Amplifiers and Linear
Integrated Circuits. 6th Edition, Prentice Hall. 2001.

ONLINE MATERIAL
1. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103063/.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will be able to design the op-Amp circuit for any linear and non-
linear applications
UNIT – II The learners will be able to design the oscillators and waveform generators, fixed
and variable power supplies which is compatible for different applications
UNIT – III The learners will be able to design and analyze the filters for use in
communication, signal processing and in all sophisticated electronic instruments.
In addition, the learners will be able to apply the principles of data conversion for
interfacing with digital circuits.
UNIT – IV The learners will be able to design and apply the special Integrated circuits for
various applications

29
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04

Course Code: BECCEC 403R03 / MCSCEC 403R02

Semester: IV

CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Common to ECE and EEE)

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the basic concepts of control system, its types, transfer function and state
space models
 To analyse the linear time invariant system in time and frequency domains and also to
find the system specification in both the domains
 To understand the concept of stability and various methods to check the stability of a
system

UNIT – I 15 Periods
Basic Concepts of Control System
Introduction: Definition of system, control system – Classification of system- open loop and
closed loop systems – Mathematical models: Transfer function model, State model.
Transfer function model: Block diagram representation – Reduction of Block Diagram –
Techniques - Signal flow graph representation – Mason‟s formula – Block diagram to Signal flow
graph - Examples and problems – Derivation of transfer function of dc motor.
State Model: Definition of state space & State variables – Modeling of dynamic systems using
state variables – Examples.

UNIT – II 15 Periods
Time Response of Linear Systems
Type and order of a system -First order and second order systems – Systems with unity and
non – Unity feedback - Impulse response and step response of first and second order linear
systems.
Time domain specifications: rise time, delay time, overshoot and settling time of first order and
second order systems.
Steady state error and error constants – Generalized error constants - Problems.

UNIT – III 15 Periods

Frequency Response
Frequency response specifications: resonant peak, resonant frequency, bandwidth, cut-off rate -
correlation between time and frequency response of second order system.
Polar plots – Bode plots – asymptotic magnitude plot – Phase angle plot – Gain and phase
cross-over frequencies - Gain margin and phase margin – Relative stability from Gain and
Phase Margins - Problems- Constant M and N circle – Nichol‟s chart.

30
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Stability Analysis
Concept of stability – Characteristic equation – Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion –Typical
Nyquist curves – Critical point – Nyquist stability criterion and its application. – Root Locus
Technique: Root locus plot – Typical root locus trajectories - Determination of critical gain –
Problems

TEXT BOOKS

1. I.J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, Control System Engineering, New Age International, 2001.
2. Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, India, New
Delhi, 2000.

REFERENCES

1. S.K.Bhattacharya, Linear Control System, 2nd Edition, Pearson education, 2011.

2. Richard C Dorf & Robert H Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 11th Edition, Prentice Hall,
India, 2008.
3. Benjamin C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, India, New
Delhi, 2000.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108102043/

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learner will have knowledge of the fundamental concepts of Control
systems and will learn the mathematical modelling methods
UNIT – II The learner will understand the response of first and second order linear
systems and will be able to calculate the time domain specifications.
UNIT – III The learner will acquire knowledge of various frequency response
methods.
UNIT – IV The learner will have an understanding of the stability of the system
using various techniques.

31
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 01 -- 04
Course Code: BECCEC 404R03 / MCSCEC 404R02
Semester: IV

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objectives:
 To learn the conceptual and mathematical aspects of Signals & Systems.
 To understand the modelling of continuous time and discrete time systems
 To learn a representation of signals in time and frequency domains

UNIT – I 14 Periods
Introduction to signals and systems
Signals: Definition - Classification of signals : Continuous time – Discrete time – Deterministic &
Random - Periodic & Non-periodic - Even & odd - Energy & Power signals – Basic operations
on Independent Variable: Time Shifting -Time scaling - Time Reflection – Basic operations on
Dependent Variable: Amplitude scaling, Addition, Multiplication, Differentiation and Integration -
Basic elementary signals: Complex exponentials & sinusoidal – unit impulse – unit step – unit
ramp.
Systems: Definition - Classification of systems: Continuous time – Discrete time systems –
Basic system properties: Linearity – Time invariance – Memory and Memoryless - Causality –
Invertibility and Inverse – Stability.

UNIT – II 14 Periods
Linear Time Invariant Systems
Representation of discrete & continuous time signals in terms of impulses – Convolution sum –
Convolution integral – Properties of convolution: Commutative, Associative and Distributive –
Properties of LTI systems: Memory and Memoryless – Invertibility – Casuality – Stability – Unit
step response of an LTI systems - Casual LTI systems described by Differential & Difference
equations.

UNIT – III 14 Periods

Fourier series & Sampling
Response of LTI systems to complex exponentials – Fourier series representation of continuous
time periodic signals – Convergence of Fourier series – Properties of continuous time Fourier
series: Linearity – Time shifting – Time Reversal – Time scaling – Multiplication – Conjugation
and conjugate symmetry – Parseval‟s relation for CT periodic signals.
Fourier series representation of discrete time periodic signals – Properties of discrete time
Fourier series: Multiplication – First difference – Parseval‟s relation for DT periodic signals -
Fourier series & LTI systems.
Sampling: Sampling theorem - Impulse train sampling - sampling with a zero-order hold –
Reconstruction of a signal using interpolation – Effect of under sampling.

32
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT – IV: 18 Periods
Fourier transform and Z transform
Definition of CTFT and inverse CTFT– Properties of CTFT: Linearity – Time shifting -
Conjugation and Conjugate symmetry – Differentiation and Integration – Time and Frequency
scaling – Duality - Parseval‟s relation - Convolution property - Multiplication property.
Definition of DTFT and inverse DTFT – Properties of DTFT: Periodicity - Linearity – Time
shifting and Frequency shifting - Conjugation and Conjugate symmetry – Differentiation and
Accumulation – Time reversal – Time expansion – Differentiation in frequency - Parseval‟s
relation – Convolution property - Multiplication property.
Definition of Z transform- Region of convergence – Inverse Z transform (Partial fraction method)
- Geometric evaluation of the Fourier transform from the pole-zero plot –– Properties of Z
transform: Linearity – Time shifting – Scaling in z-domain - Time reversal – Time expansion –
Conjugation – Convolution property - Differentiation in z-domain - Initial and final value theorem
- Relationship between DTFT and Z- transform.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Tarun Kumar Rawat, Signals and Systems, Oxford University Press, Fifth Reprint, 2012.
2. Alan V. Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky with S. Hamid Nawab, Signals and Systems,
Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. B. P. Lathi , Linear Systems & Signals, 2nd Edition, Oxford University press, 2009.
2. Simon Haykin and Baray Van Veen, Signals and Systems, Wiley and sons, 2nd Edition,
2008.
3. Seymour Lipschutz and Marc Lipson, Schaums outline of Linear Algebra, 3rd Edition, Tata
McGraw - Hill, 2002.
4. Ziemer and Tranter, Signals and Linear Systems, 2nd Edition, Maxwell McMillan, 2001.

ONLINE MATERIALS

1. NPTEL– http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/ Electrical%20 %26 %20 Comm % 20 Engg /

Signals%20and%20System/Course_home.html.
2. NPTEL – http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL75A2863DF4CE1CE6.

33
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have an understanding of mathematical representation and

classifications of signals and systems.
UNIT – II The learners will be able to understand the behaviour of continuous time and
discrete time systems in terms of convolution integral and convolution sum. In
addition, the students will be able to describe the continuous time system by
constant coefficient differential equation and discrete time system by constant
coefficient difference equations.
UNIT – III The learners will be able to understand the representation of periodic CT and DT
signals by Fourier series. The students will be able to know the needs of the
sampling process
UNIT – IV The learners will have an understanding of the representation of periodic and
aperiodic, continuous time and discrete time signals by Fourier transforms. Also
the learners will be able to analyze the discrete time systems using z-transforms.

34
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
04 -- -- 04

Course Code: BECCEC 405R03 / MCSCEC 405R02

Semester: IV

ANALOG MODULATION AND SYSTEMS

Course Objectives:
 To understand the principle of various analog modulation schemes.
 To learn different parameters involved in the design of transmitters and receivers.
 To understand the effect of noise on the performance of communication system.

UNIT – I 16 Periods
Amplitude Modulation
Modulation –Types of modulation – Mathematical expression for AM wave– Modulation index –
Spectrum of AM wave. Component phasor of AM signal, Power and current relations.
Generation of AM waves – Linear modulation – Collector, base and emitter modulation – Non
Linear modulation-Square law modulator – Balanced Modulator – Hilbert transform, Pre-
envelope & complex envelope, SSB-SC generation – VSB and its applications to TV
transmission - ISB.
Demodulation of AM waves – Envelope and Square law detector - synchronous detector-
Costas Loop. Introduction to Multiplexing-FDM, QAM, Comparison of AM systems.

UNIT – II 16 Periods
Angle Modulation
Angle Modulation -Frequency and Phase Modulation- Mathematical expression for FM and PM
–Spectrum of FM wave – Bandwidth of FM : Bessel‟s identity – Carson‟s rule – Spectrum of
Narrow Band and Wide Band FM.
Generation of FM – Direct and Indirect method – Relationship between FM and PM – Pre-
emphasis and de-emphasis in FM.
Demodulation of FM waves –Slope detector – Balanced slope detector – Foster-Seeley
discriminator – Ratio detector – PLL as a FM detector- Quadrature detector and zero crossing
detector, Comparison of FM and PM.

UNIT – III 14 Periods

Transmitters and Receivers
AM transmitters-High level transmitter-Low level Transmitter-SSB transmitter-ISB transmitter.
AM receivers- Receiver parameters. Superheterodyne receivers- Choice of IF frequencies.SSB
receiver. Communication receiver- - Automatic gain Control(AGC) - Squelch circuit.
FM transmitters – Crosby Direct FM transmitter, Armstrong FM transmitter, FM stereo
broadcasting-FM in TV broadcasting.
FM receivers –Superheterodyne receivers -Amplitude Limiter- FM stereo receiver.

35
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
UNIT – IV 14 Periods
Noise
Types of noise – SNR and CNR - Noise figure – Noise temperature – Measurement of Noise
temperature and Noise factor. Noise in band pass systems. Noise in AM systems- DSB, SSB
systems. Effect of noise on Angle modulation systems-Capture effect-Threshold effect -
Threshold extension in FM using pre-emphasis & de-emphasis circuits and FMFB technique.

TEXT BOOKS

1. V.Chandra Sekar, Analog Communication, Oxford University Press, 3rd impression,

2012.
2. Kennedy and George Davis, Electronic Communication Systems, 5th Edition, 2011.
3. R.P. Singh and S.D. Sapre, Communication Systems – Analog & Digital, 2nd Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2008
4. John G.Proakis & Masoud Saleh, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, Pearson
education, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 5th Edition, Wiley India, 2009.

2. Taub and Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill,
2008.
3. Wayne Tomasi, Electronic communication systems, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia,
2006.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=117102059.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit – I The learners will have an understanding of the amplitude

modulation/demodulation techniques.
Unit – II The learners will be able to understand the intricacies of angle modulation.
Unit – III The learners will be able to understand the principles of AM &FM
transmitters and receivers.
Unit – IV The learners will understand the effects of noise on the performance of
communication system.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
-- -- 02 01

Course Code: BECCEC 406R03 / MCSCEC 406R02

Semester: IV

CIRCUITS AND SYSTEM SIMULATION LABORATORY

Course Objectives:
 To design and analyze the various electronic systems under Multisim simulation
environment.
 To simulate and analyze the various signals and systems using Matlab and Open source
Scilab packages.

List of Experiments

Experiments Using Circuit Simulation Software – Multisim

1. Study of diode and transistor characteristics

2. Design of Amplifiers
3. Design of Oscillators
4. Design of First order Active Filters
5. Circuit analysis through Single board Virtual Instrumentation Platform

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Expt. No Outcome
1. The learners will be able to understand and analyze the V- I characteristics of diode
and transistors.
2. The learners will be able to design and simulate the working of RC coupled
amplifier and single tuned amplifier. They will also be able to analyze the Gain -
bandwidth issues of the amplifiers.
3. The learners will be able to design and simulate the Hartley and Colpitts oscillators.
They will also be able to differentiate between RC and LC oscillators.
4. The learners will be able to design and simulate the first order active filters.
5. The learners will be able to realize the use of Virtual Instrumentation platform for
software based real time analysis of circuits.

Experiments using Matlab:

6. Waveform generation and basic signal operations

7. Analysis of various system Properties
8. Determination of the Impulse and step responses of a LTI System.
9. Approximation of Periodic Signals using Fourier Series.
10. Approximation of a rectangular signal using Fourier Transform.

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SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Expt. No Outcome
6. The learners will be able to understand the fundamentals of MATLAB coding for the
generation of basic waveforms like Sine, Cosine, Ramp, Exponential signal,
Arbitrary waveform, etc. They will also be able to understand the consequence of
performing time shifting, time scaling, amplitude shifting, amplitude scaling
operations on signals.
7. The learners will be able to study the system properties such as Stability, Memory,
Causal, Invertibility, Time Invariance and Linearity using MATLAB code.
8. The learners will be able to infer the impulse and step responses, their significance
and influence on the output of a system using MATLAB code.
9. The learners will be able to study the Gibbs phenomenon by Fourier series
approximation using MATLAB code.
10. The learners will be able to study the Fourier Transform of the rectangular signal
resulting in Sinc function using MATLAB code.

Experiments using Scilab Open source:

11. Study of sampling, quantization and reconstruction

12. Linear and Circular Convolution
13. Simulation of analog modulation schemes
14. Understanding of simple image processing functions

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Expt. No Outcome
11. The learners will be able to understand the intricacies of sampling, need for
sampling, its types, quantization and reconstruction of the sampled data using
Scilab platform.
12. The learners will be able to analyze the linear and circular convolution of two
signals using Scilab code.
13. The learners will be able to simulate various analog modulation schemes such as
AM, FM, PM, etc. Using Scilab platform.
14. The learners will be able to understand the simple image processing functions using
Scilab add-on module.

38
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
L T P C
-- -- 02 01

Course Code: BECCEC 407R02 / MCSCEC 407R01

Semester: IV

LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LABORATORY

(Common to ECE, EEE and EIE)

Course Objective:
To apply the theoretical knowledge for the practical design and implementation of circuits for
various signal conditioning applications.

List of Experiments

1. Inverting amplifier, Non- inverting amplifier and Differential amplifier using op-amp
2. Integrator and differentiator for sine, square and triangular wave input using op-amp
3. Precision half wave and full wave rectifier using op-amp
4. Clipper and clamper using op-amp
5. Inverting, non-inverting zero crossing detectors and Schmitt trigger using op-amp
6. Wein bridge and RC phase shift oscillators using op-amp
7. Astable and Monostable multivibrators using op-amp
8. Triangular wave generator using op-amp
(i) With comparator and integrator
(ii) With Astable multivibrator and integrator
9. Second order low pass and high pass filters using op-amp
10. High voltage and Low voltage regulators using IC723
11. Astable and Monostable multivibrators using IC 555 timer
12. Inverted R-2R ladder DAC and Parallel comparator ADC using op-amp

39
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Exp. No Outcome
1. The learners will be able to design inverting, non-inverting and differential
amplifier circuits using op-amp.
2. The learners will be able to design the Integrator and differentiator for sine,
square and triangular wave input using op-amp
3. The learners will be able to design half wave and full wave rectifiers using op-
amp
4. The learners will be able to design clipper and clamper utilizing op-amp
5. The learners will be able to design inverting and non-inverting zero crossing
detector. They will be able to design schmitt trigger circuit using op-amp for any
given threshold value
6. The learners will be able to design an audio oscillator for a given cut off
frequency.
7. The learners will be able to design pulse shaping circuits using op-amp
8. The learners will be able to design various triangular wave generators with op-
amp
9. The learners will be able to design second order low pass and high pass filters
for a given cut off frequency. They will also be able to design notch filter for the
rejection of a particular frequency.
10. The learners will be able to design voltage regulators using IC 723 for low voltage
and high voltage and also calculate the percentage error in load and line
regulations.
11. The learners will be able to design multivibrators using IC555 timer.
12. The learners will be able to implement Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital
converters.

40
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 -- -- 03
Course Code: BECDEC 401R02 / MCSDEC 401R02
Semester: IV

PULSE AND WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS

Course Objectives:
 To learn the design aspects of various pulse shaping circuits
 To understand the intricacies of switching characteristics of various active devices

UNIT – I 12 Periods
Linear wave shaping and non-linear wave shaping
Linear wave shaping: High pass and low pass RC circuits and their response for Sinusoidal,
Step, Pulse, Square, Exponential & Ramp inputs, High pass RC network as Differentiator, Low
pass RC circuit as an Integrator, RL and RLC Circuits and their response for Step Input, Ringing
Circuit.
Non Linear wave shaping: Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, Clipping at two independent
levels. Clamping Operation, Clamping circuit taking Source and Diode resistances into account,
Clamping Circuit Theorem, Practical Clamping Circuits.

UNIT – II 10 Periods
Switching characteristics of devices
Diode as a Switch, Piecewise Linear Diode Characteristics, Diode Switching times, Transistor
as a Switch, Break down voltages, Transistor in Saturation, Temperature variation of Saturation
Parameters, Transistor-switching times.

UNIT – III 12 Periods

Multivibrators
Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable multivibrator (emitter and collector coupled),
Astable Multivibrator (emitter and collector coupled) and Schmitt trigger using transistors,
commutating capacitor.

UNIT – IV 11 Periods
Time base generators and Sampling gates
Time base generators: General features of Time base Signal, Methods of Generating Time
Base Waveform, Miller and Bootstrap Time base Generators-Basic Principles, Transistor
Bootstrap Time Base Generator, Transistor Current Time Base Generators, Methods of
Linearity improvement.
Sampling gates: Basic operating principles of Sampling Gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional
Sampling Gates, Four Diode Sampling Gate, Reduction of pedestal in Gate Circuits, Six Diode
Gate, Application of Sampling Gates.

41
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
TEXTBOOKS

1. J. Millman, H. Taub and Mothiki Surya Prakash Rao, Pulse, Digital and Switching
Waveforms, 3rd Edition first reprint, TMH, 2011.
2. David A. Bell, Solid State Pulse circuits, 4th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. R.Venkataraman, Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals, Dhanpat Rai

& Sons, 2014.
2. VenkataRao.K, Rama Sudha.K and ManmadhaRao.G, Pulse and Digital Circuits,
Pearson Education, 2010.
3. A. Anand Kumar, Pulse and Digital Circuits, 2ndEdition, PHI, 2008.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2261/Basic-Electronics-and-Lab/8

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will be able to understand the intricacies of wave shaping with
the help of linear and non-linear wave shaping circuit elements.
UNIT – II The learners will have an understanding of the switching characteristics of
various active devices with an emphasis on various switching issues.
UNIT – III The learners will be able to analyze and design the various multivibrator
circuits for pulse shaping applications.
UNIT – IV The learners will be able to understand the significance of time base
generators and sampling gates for pulse and wave shaping applications.

42
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 -- -- 03
Course Code: BECDEC 404 R01 / MCSDEC 404R01
Semester: IV

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Course Objective:
To understand the basic principles and operations of DC machines, transformers, alternators,
induction motors and illumination concepts.

UNIT – I 11 Periods
DC Machines
DC Machines –Constructional Details –Types-Principle of Operation-Method of Excitation,
Separately Excited and Self Excited Generators – EMF equation-OCC and Load
Characteristics-Applications.
DC Motors-Concept of Back EMF and Energy Conversion-need of Starters-basic operations-
Torque Developed-Performance Characteristics – Applications.

UNIT – II 12 Periods
Transformers and Alternators
Single Phase Transformer-Constructional Details-Principle of Operation-EMF Equation –Phasor
Diagram Under No-Load and Load conditions-Autotransformers, Current and potential
transformers-Applications.
Alternators-Constructional Details-Types-Principle of Operation-EMF Equation Applications.
Synchronous Motor-Principle of Operation-Methods of Starting-Applications.

UNIT – III 12 Periods

Three Phase and Single Phase Induction Motors
Three Phase Induction Motor-Constructional Details-Types-Principle of Operation-Torque
Equation-Torque Slip Characteristics-Applications.
Single Phase Induction Motor-Principle of Operation-Split Phase, Capacitor Start and Capacitor
Run Types-stepper motors-Applications.

UNIT – IV 10 Periods
Illumination
Definitions -Laws of Illumination-direct and indirect lighting- Simple Problems, Mercury and
Sodium Vapour lamps, Fluorescent lamps, Halogen lamps, Neon lamps and Energy saving
lamps

TEXTBOOKS

1. B.L. Theraja, “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and Electronics”, S.Chand& Co,

2006.
2. I.J. Nagrath& D.P. Kothari, “Electrical Machine”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications,1999.

43
 SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

REFERENCES

1. Gupta, J.B,Course in Electric power,S.Kkataria&Sons,2009.

2. A.K. Sawheny, “A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation”,
DhanpatRai& Sons, 2000.
3. B.L. Theraja, “Electrical Technology”,Volume II”, S. Chand & Co., 1998.
4. S.L. Uppal, “Electrical Power”, Khanna Publishers, 1997.
5. Garg.G.C,Utilization of Electric Power and Electric traction, KhannaPublishers,Third
Edition,1990.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmcriUdYBW0

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I Learners will have an understanding of operating characteristics of the DC

machines and motors.
UNIT – II Learners will have an understanding of the principle and operations of
Transformers and Alternators.
UNIT – III Learners will have an understanding of the principle and operation of 1-Ø
and 3-Ø induction motors.
UNIT – IV Learners will have an understanding of laws of Illumination and various
lighting devices

44
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 -- -- 03
Course Code: BECDEC 406R01 / MCSDEC 406R01
Semester: IV

NANOELECTRONIC DEVICES
(Common to ECE and EEE)

Course Objectives:
 To understand the latest advancements in the field of Nanotechnology and to
successfully bring out innovation in advanced feasible technology.
 To gain an exposure on Nano devices with a motive to pursue research in Nano-
fabrication design and development.

UNIT- I 11 Periods
Nanofabrication Techniques
Evolution of Electronics from Micro to Nano – Top-down and Bottom-up Approach –
Lithographic Techniques: UV Lithography, Electron Beam Lithography, X-ray Lithography,
Nanoimprint Lithography, Scanning Probe Lithography, Dip Pen Nanolithography.

UNIT- II 12 Periods
Quantum Devices
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics – Quantum Electronic Devices : Two Terminal Quantum Dot
and Wire Devices, Electrons in Mesoscopic Structure – Short Channel MOS Transistor – Split
Gate Transistor – Electron Wave Transistor – Electron Spin Transistor – Quantum Cellular
Automata – Quantum Dot Array. Tunnel Diode - Principle of SET – SET Circuit Design –
Comparison between FET and SET.

UNIT- III 11 Periods

Superconducting & Optoelectronic Devices
Fundamentals of Superconductors – Super Conducting Switching Devices – Elementary
Circuits – Flux Quantum Device – Applications of Super Conducting Devices – Nanostructures
for Photovoltaic Devices and Solar Cells, LEDs, Optical Memory Devices.

UNIT- IV 11 Periods
Molecular Devices
Molecular Processor – Switches Based on Fullerenes and Nanotubes – Polymer Electronics –
Self Assembling Circuits – Optical Molecular Memories – Fluorescence based Molecular Logic
Gates – Combinational Logic Circuits – Absorption Based Molecular Logic Gates.

45
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

REFERENCES

1. James E. Morris, Krzysztof Iniewski, Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook,

CRC Press, 2013.
2. Dragica Vasileska, Stephen M. Goodnick, Nano-Electronic Devices, Springer, 2011.
3. Chandana Karnati and Hai-Feng Ji, Molecular Logic Gates (Chapter 12), Manufacturing
and Nanotechnology, Edited by Nitaigour Premchand Mahalik, Springer, 2006.
4. K. Goser, P. Glosekotter, V. Dienstuhl, Nano Electronics & Nano Systems, Springer,
2004.
5. Michael Wilson, Kamali Kannangara Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons, Burkhard Raguse,
Nanotechnology – Basic science and emerging technologies,Chapman and Hall/CRC,
2002.

ONLINE MATERIAL

1. NPTEL – http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/syllabus.php?subjectId=117108047

LEARNING OUTCOMES
The learners will be able to
Unit – I Analyze the influence of different synthesis parameters of nanostructures. Also,
students can describe various imaging and lithography techniques used for
nanoelectronic device fabrication.
Unit – II Describe the quantum mechanical principles required to design nanoelectronic
devices.
Unit – III Analyze the working principles of superconducting and optoelectronic devices
fabricated using nanostructures.
Unit – IV Describe the inherent nature of molecules and use the same to design
molecular electronic devices.

46
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering

L T P C
03 -- -- 03

Course Code: BECDEC 409 / MCSDEC 409

Semester: IV
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(Common to ECE and EEE)

Course Objectives:
 To provide necessary knowledge about physiology of human system.
 To understand the principles and operations of various sensing and measurement
devices which are used to acquire electrical signals from various parts of human body
 To facilitate the awareness of biological parameters measuring equipments.
 To provide knowledge of various clinical devices working function.

UNIT – I 10 PERIODS
Physiology and Bioelectric signals
Basic cell functions- Transport of Ions through the cell membrane-Characteristics of Resting
potential-Action potential-neuron – Axon – synapse - Propagation of electrical impulses along
the axon- human physiology- cardiovascular system - nervous System -Muscular-skeletal
system- Respiratory system- categories of biomedical instrument-biometrics-Man-
Instrumentation system- problems in measuring biological parameters- Electrode theory - half
cell potentials, electrodes tissue interface.

UNIT – II 12 PERIODS
Transducers and Biomedical Measurement
Bipolar and unipolar electrodes - Types of electrodes-Micro, needle and surface electrodes-
Resistive transducers -Inductive Transducers - Capacitive Transducers - Photoelectric
Transducers - Piezoelectric Transducers - Bioelectric signals- Measurement of Bioelectric
signals ECG – Lead configuration – EEG- Lead configuration - EMG machines recording
system.

UNIT – III 12 PERIODS

Biological Parameters Measurement
Heart beat rate – Measurement of Blood pressure types - Measurement of Blood flow types-
cardiac output indicator types- O2, CO2 measurements-Respiration rate – Plethysmography-
spirometry.

UNIT – IV 11 PERIODS
Clinical Instruments
Calorimeter - Spectral photometer - flame photometer - auto analyzer - blood cell counter –
Nerve stimulator- Electro surgical unit –Thermography – Diathermy – Heart Lung machine –
Haemo Dialyser unit - Lithotripsy - Laparoscopy – Oximeter- Principles of Cryogenic technique
and application.

47
SASTRA University B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering
TEXT BOOKS

1. John.G.Webster, Medical instrumentation Application & Design, 4th Edition, John Wiley &
sons, 2009.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell and Erich A. Pfeiffer, Biomedical Instrumentation and
Measurements, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. R.S. Kandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
2003.
2. L.A. Geddes and L.E. Baker, Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation, 3rd
Edition, John Wiley, 1989.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNIT – I The learners will have knowledge about physiological aspects of various
systems in human body
UNIT – II The learners will have an understanding of the basic principles and
operation related to bio-potential electrodes, biomedical sensors and
bio-potential recording system..
UNIT – III Learners will have awareness of biomedical parameters measurements
and also its artifacts.
UNIT – IV The learners will have appreciative information of various clinical
instruments working principle.

48