Creative Non-Fiction
While traveling, take notes about what you see,
 Creative o fiction is a relatively recently
recognized genre that involves writing from
personal experience and/or reporting on
other people’s experiences.
 In some ways, creative nonfiction is like
jazz—it’s a rich mix of flavors, ideas, and
techniques, some of which are newly invented and
others as old as writing itself.
Fast-growing genres:
Memoir
 A written factual account
of somebody’s life
 A Literary memoir is usually about a specific
theme or about a part of someone’s life
Literary Journalism
 Memoir is the personal side of creative
nonfiction but there’s a public side as well,
often referred to as narrative or literary
journalism—or “big idea” stories.
 Public side of creative nonfiction is mostly
somebody else’s story; anybody, potentially,
owns it, anybody who wants to go to the
time and trouble to write about it.
Personal Essay
 a Short flexible autobiographical work.
 “All over the Map”
Steps in writing a Personal Essay:
1. Begin with an engaging opening scene
2. Write from your unique voice or perspective
3. Develop the characters so they are well-rounded
and detailed.
4. Include plot on your Essay
5. Focus on uncovering a deeper truth
Travelogue
 A movie, book, or illustrated lecture about
the places visited and experiences
encountered.
Steps in writing a Travelogue:
1. Decide the Purpose of your travelogue
2.
places you visit and people you get acquainted
with
3. Take as many pictures as possible.
4. Create an outline of your travelogue.
5. After completing the outline, write the full
travelogue.
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct
otherwise
FALSE.
_______1. Memoir is a subgenre of autobiography
that encompassses the entire life of a person.
_______2. Creative non-fiction by definition is an act
of inventing ideas and events with basis to be
written into narrative.
_______3. Feature articles are considered literary
journalism.
_______4. Personal essay tackles yours and other’s
personal experiences.
_______5. Authenticity is required in creative
nonfiction.
Directions: Read each item and provide what is
being asked in each item.
USE CAPITALIZED LETTERS:
_______1. A written illustration of person’s
experiences traveling to any places.
_______2. Jackie wrote an article regarding her
realization and learning during her quarrel with her
mom. What subgenre in creative nonfiction Jackie
did?
________3. A term used to denote with being
specific or detailed actions or words.
________4. It is the public side of the creative
nonfiction.
________5. It is a written factual account read by the
many.
Speculative Fiction
 The term “Speculative Fiction” has three
historically located meaning;
 A subgenre of science fiction that deals with
human rather than technological problems,
  a genre distinct from and opposite to
science fiction in its exclusive focus on
possible future,
 a super category for all genres that
deliberately depart from imitating
“consensus reality” of everyday
experience.
Genres:
Fantasy
 Fantasy is a form of literary genre in which a
plot cannot occur in the real world
 Types of Fantasy:
Modern Folktales
 Type of fantasies that narrators tell in a
traditional tale accompanying some typical
elements
Animal Fantasy
 Tells tales about animals, behaving like
human beings, speaking, experiencing
emotions and having the ability to reason.
Toy Fantasy
 narrators bring their beloved toys to life and
transform them into animated beings.
Magical Fantasy
 you see a character having magical powers,
or a strange magical object becomes the
subject of the narrative.
Alterative worlds and Enchanted Journeys
 In this fantasy, you see leading character
under taking a journey to an alternative
world, or fantasy world.
Quest or Heroic Fantasy
 These fantasies involve adventures with a
search, quest and motif. While this
quest could be a pursuit for a higher
purpose.
Horror
 Horror is a genre of fiction whose purpose is
to create feelings of fear, dread, repulsion
and terror in audience.
Types of Horror:
Gothic Horror
 Dark style of fiction that combines horror
and Romanticism. Its style combines the
artistic pleasures of Romantic literature with
frightening elements of horror, making it
terrifying, seductive and pleasing way.
Supernatural Horror
 a work of fiction that relies heavily on
supernatural or paranormal elements to
drive the story, featuring things like ghosts,
monsters, demons, aliens, witchcraft,
zombies and so on.
Non-super natural Horror
 A work of fiction that foes include
supernatural elements. The terror of non-
supernatural comes from the idea that is
happening in the story could plausibly occur
in the real life.
Science Fiction
 Science Fiction is a genre in speculative
fiction, typically dealing with imaginative
concepts such as advanced science and
technology, spaceflight, time travel, and
extraterrestrial life.
Types of Sci-Fi:
Technological Possibilities
 Mainstream Scie-Fic suggesting the future
according to new technology, and how
this will have a negative impact.
Biopunk
 Focuses on the use of bio-technology and
generic engineering rather than computer
technology.
Time Travel
 is a concept of moving backward or
forward to different points in time, in a
manner analogous to moving through space
Mythic Fiction
 Rooted in fables or mythology. These could
be pantheon-based characterization or
retelling of famous mythological journeys
in SF/F setting.
Mutant
 The mutated life form exhibit superhuman
abilities.
Chick Literature
 The term “Chick lit” is used to denote
genre fiction within women’s fiction.
 Women’s fiction is a wide ranging literary
genre that includes various types of novels
 that generally appeal more to women than • Manga is the Japanese word for comic.
men.
• It is used as generic term for all comic
 Themes include relationship stories, books and graphic novels originally
generational sagas, love stories, hopes, published in Japan.
fears, dreams and even secret fantasies of
women today. • Manga is considered an artistic and
storytelling style.
Sub-genre:
• Manga- Japanese comics.
 Anthologies
• Mahwa- Korean comics and print
 Diet Lit cartoons

 Christian Lit • Manhua- Chinese comics

 Glamour Lit • Anime- Asian animated films and series

 Single Girl Lit • International manga- manga created by non

Japanese artists.
 Wedding Lit
Edo Drawing
 Fantasy Lit
Hokusai
 Working Lit
• Katsushika Hokusai was a Japanese
Elements of Chick Lit:
artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker.
1. They all feature a woman in her twenties and Ozamu Tezuka
thirties as a protagonist.
• Osamu Tezuka was a Japanese manga
2. The novels are mostly set in urban environments
artist, cartoonist, animator, and film
most notably New York or London.
producer
3. The protagonist are career-women.
• "the father of manga", "the godfather of
4. The protagonists are often single although they manga" and "the god of manga".
usually all end up with someone.
Yoji
5. Fashion often plays a big role in chick lit novels.
The characters can be obsessed with it or the plot • Manga for people aged 1-4
itself can be centered around fashion industry.
Kodomo
6. The book covers often reflect trend- they may
• Manga that appeals to many children
feature articles of clothing, martinis, parties, and
other symbols of a glamorous lifestyle.
Shonen
Sophie Kinsella
• A boy is usually the main character in
 Quintessential Chick Lit author these types of manga

 11 best sellers (Shopaholic Series) books Shojo

were made in movies
• Manga that features human
 Realized everybody shops and her story is emotions and relationships
very realistic.
• Mostly for girls aged 13-17
Lauren Weisberger
Seinen
 Best known for her book “The Devil
wears Prada” • The Seinen menas “ young man or men”

 Based on her own experience as an • 15-24 year old male audience

assistant
Seijin Manga
Other Literary Genres:
• For “adults only” manga
Manga
Josei manga
• Also known as “ladies comics”
• Readers range from 15-44
Shonen-ai
• “Shonen” means boy and “ai” means love
• Manga that features a romantic
relationship between two males.
Shojo-ai
• Manga that features a romantic
relationship between two females
Doodle
• A doodle is a drawing made while a
person's attention is otherwise occupied.
Doodles are simple drawings that can have
concrete representational meaning or may
just be composed of random
and abstract lines,
Alexander Pushkin
• Was a Russian poet, playwright, and
novelist in the Romantic Era
Doodle Fiction
• Doodle Fiction is a literary
representation where the author
incorporates doodle drawings and hand
written graphics in place of traditional font.
Jeffrey Patrick Kinney
• born February 19, 1971, is an American
cartoonist, producer and author of
children's books, including the Diary of a
Wimpy Kid book series.
Blog
• A blog (shortening of “weblog”) is an
online journal or informational
website displaying information in the
reverse chronological order, with latest
posts appearing first.
Types of Blogs
1. Personal Blog
• These were people who wanted to take
their daily journal online to share their
experiences, feelings, and innermost
thoughts with an audience. For the personal
blogger, there were no rules to follow or
themes to adhere.
2. Business Blog
• Business bloggers are those who blog for
their business. That could be a business
they own or company they work for. Unlike
the personal blogger, their writing is less
focused on themselves and more focused
on their business and their industry.
3. Niche Blog
• Instead of merely focusing on broad
topics, niche blogs are very specific. Some
of the niche blog ideas might be food
blogging, training programs with your own
weight, poems writing, as well as French
bulldog lovers.
4. Affiliate Blog
• Affiliate bloggers are those that blog to
generate affiliate marketing
commissions. Instead of creating their own
products, they write blog posts that review
products by others.
5. Professional Blog
• are those who blog to make money online.
In other words, their career goal is to earn a
salary through their blogging efforts.
6. Media Blog
• are defined by the content they produce. If
you enjoy video blogging, then you’re a
vlogger. If you curate content from other
websites, you have a linklog. If you post
photos or art sketches on your blog,
you’re hosting a photoblog or art blog.
Vlog
• The term vlog is also used by video
streamers who don't use a blog but post
scheduled updates via other means like
YouTube; their profile often advertises
them as vloggers. However, live broadcasts
are available too, from websites like
YouTube and Facebook, and those are also
considered vlogs.
Types of Vlogs
1. Review and Unboxing Products
• Before people buy stuff, they want to know
more about the product. Also people like to
see what is inside the packing before buying
the product.
• 2. Pranks and Comedy
 • Everyone loves to see good prank on
Youtube. Prank and comedy videos are
very popular
3. Beauty/ Fashion/ Fitness
• People like to look beautiful, fit, and
healthy. It is one of the biggest markets for
different types of products.
4. How to/ Education
• When people want to learn
something, they go to YouTube for help.
You are providing the service.
• Characterized as a system of social and
ethical philosophy.
Analects (Lun Yu)
• Analects also known as analects of
Confucius is a collection of sayings and
ideas attributed to Confucius.
Book 1
“Gentleman is an ideal of virtuous thoughts and
behavior.”
Book 2

5. Lifestyle “Chinese culture placed a great value on learning

• Life style vlog is showcasing your
everyday life to the YouTube world.
Basically, you are doing video diary and
showing the world.
6. Gamer
• Video games and game platform is
another big market. You are tapping the
market by capturing you playing the
game. Game channel focuses on
gaming, gaming lifestyle culture.
and continuing the traditions of the past”
Book 3
“Moral behavior is the plain silk and rituals are the
decorations”
Book 4
“a focus on profit would lead to “too much
resentment”, small man is “familiar with profits” ,
the gentleman is “familiar with what is right”
Book 5

7. Movie / TV / Book Reviews “Humanness is not only difficult to determine from

• People like read reviews before they
watch the movie, TV, or a book. Many
people search for movie, TV, or book
review all the time in Youtube.
someone’s outward actions”
Book 6
“the wise will find joy, the humane will find greater
reward of eternal life”

8. Travel Book 7

• Everyone loves to travel but many can’t “ I transmit, do not create”

because of time or money. So they like to
watch other video different places. If you Book 8
are traveler, you can document your
“composing his expressions, and managing his style
journal and share it with others.
of utterances which banishes “violence and
Chinese Literature rudeness”

1. Shang Dynasty (1700-1050 BC) Book 9

Oracle Bones “The gentleman should be a generalist”

2.Zhou Dynasty (1045-255 BC) Book 10

Confucianism “proper way of acting, proper way of dressing,

waking, composing one’s face for particular
Confucius (Kung Fu Tzu) occasions.”

Family Name: Kung (Kong) Book 11

Personal Name: Zhong Ni “If one does not yet understand life, how does one
understand death.”
Kung Fu Tzu (Kong Fu Zi) = Master Kung
3. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC)
“Confuciu” = Latinization of Kung Fu Tzu
Qin Emperor, Legalism, Mohism
Confucianism
4. Han Dynasty (206-220 BC)
Cai Lun, Confiucianism, Historical text
5. Lang Dynasty (618-907 BC)
Du fu, Li bai, woodblock printing
6. Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD)
Movable type, Travel Literature, Four books adn five
classics
7. Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368 AD)
Zaju, puppet play
8. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD)
9. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD)
Literary Genres
Gong’an
• Gong'an or crime-case fiction is a subgenre
of Chinese crime fiction involving
government magistrates who solve criminal
cases. Gong'an fiction was first appeared in
the colloquial stories of Song dynasty.
Shenmo Fiction
• Gods and demons fiction is a subgenre
of fantasy fiction that revolves around the
deities, immortals, and monsters of Chinese
mythology.
Wuxia
• Wuxia , which literally means "martial
heroes", is a genre of Chinese
fiction concerning the adventures of martial
artists in ancient China.
Contemporary Writers
1. Ge Fei
• a Chinese novelist who is considered one of
the preeminent experimental writers during
the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won the
Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2015, and is a
professor of literature at Tsinghua
University.
2. Bi Feiyu
• is a Chinese writer. His works are known for
their complex portrayal of the "female
psyche." He has won some of the highest
literary awards in China. He also wrote the
screenplay for Zhang Yimou's 1996 film
Shanghai Triad.
3. Yang Hongying
• is a best-selling Chinese writer of children's
fiction, who has been called "China's J. K.
Rowling."
Europe
1. Aeschylus (c. 525- c. 455)
• Father of tragedies
• Born 525 B.C. in Eleusis
• In his estimated 70 writings only 7 survived.
• Dionysus instructed him to write tragedies
• Died on c. 455 B.C. in Gela
2. Sophocles ( c. 496- c. 406 )
• One of the great playwrights
• Sophocles’ work is not only a record of
Greek Theater but also provide insights
about political and social aspects of ancient
Greek.
• He sometimes plays a role in his plays.
• Out of 120 plays only 7 survived.
3. Euripides ( c. 480-406 B.C. )
• He was pacifist, free thinker, and a
humanitarian.
• Famous with reshaping the traditional
Greek tragedy.
• “Cave of Euripedes”
• Euripedes introduced or added comedy in
his play (TragiComedy ) and also created
Love-Drama
4. Victor Hugo ( 1802-1885 )
• French Poet, novelist, and dramatist of the
Romantic Movement
• Outside the France, Hugo is well known for
his Les Miserables (1862) and The
Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831)
• In France, he is well known for his Les
Contemplations
5. H.G. Wells ( 1866- 1946 )
• He is best remembered in his “Science
Fiction” novels
• Sometimes regarded as the “Father of
Science Fiction.
6. Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
 • Regarded as one of the finest poets that
Italy has produced
• His epic poem Commedia (The Divine
Comedy) is universally known as one of the
greatest poems of the world literature.
7. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
• Widely regarded as the greatest writer in
the Spanish language
• He is best known for his novel “ Don
Quixote”
8. Neil Gaiman (1984- present)
• Niel Richard McKinnon Gaiman is an English
author of short fiction, novels, comic books,
graphic novels, audio theater, and films.
9. Joanne Rowling (1965- present)
• A British novelist, philanthropist, film
producer,
North America
1. J.D. Salinger ( 1919-2010 )
• Jerome David Salinger
• Salinger’s 1951 The Catcher in the Rye is one
of the best-selling American novels of all
time, with more than 65 million copies sold.
2. Harper Lee ( 1926- present )
• To Kill a Mockingbird is her only published
novel, winning the Monroeville, Ala., native
the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the
best-seller about 1930s race relations in the
South.
3. Edgar Allan Poe ( 1809- 1849 )
• A literary critic in his time, Boston-born Poe
may have been the nation’s first published
horror, mystery and science fiction writer.
4. Mark Twain ( 1835-1910 )
• Born Samuel Clemens in Florida, Mo., Twain
was inspired to write his classic novels The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876,
and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
• Known for his witty and satirical prose, and
the colloquial dialogue of his characters,
Twain has been dubbed the Father of
American Literature.
5. Ernest Hemingway ( 1899- 1961 )
• Considered among the best writers of his
generation, the Oak Park, Ill., native is
renowned for his action-packed stories
about boxing, bullfighting, big-game
hunting, fishing, war and human
relationships.
6. John Steinbeck ( 1902- 1968 )
• A native of Salinas, Calif., the Nobel Prize-
and Pulitzer Prize-winning author captured
the social conscience of the nation with his
captivating stories about California’s various
ethnic and immigrant groups, migrant
workers and displaced sharecroppers.
7. David Levithan ( 1972- present )
• American young adult fiction author and
editor.
• He has written numerous works featuring
strong male gay characters.
8. John Green (1977- present )
• American author, vlogger, writer, producer,
actor, editor, and educator.
• Aside from being novelist, he is well-known
for his Youtube ventures.
9. James Rollins (1961- present )
• James Paul Czajkowski
• An American veterinarian and writer of
action-adventure/thriller, mystery and
techno-thriller novels.
10 . Mitch Albom ( 1958- Present )
• Mitchell David Albom
• Author, journalist, screenwriter, dramatist,
radio, and television broadcaster and
musician.
11. Dan Brown ( 1964- present )
• Daniel Gerhard Brown
• American author of thriller novels.
• Treasure hunts in 24 hour period.
LATIN AMERICA
1. Gabriel Garcia Marquez ( 1928-2014)
• The master of magic realism, his birthplace,
Aracataca was the model for the fictional
town Macondo. The town played a
prominent role in many of García Marquez’s
works, such as Leaf Storm and his seminal
novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude
(1967),
2. Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986)
 • One-quarter English, Borges learned that
language before he learned Spanish.
Educated in Europe during World War I, he
met a circle of avant-garde poets in Spain,
which inspired him to found the ultraismo
3. Isabel Allende ( 1942–present )
• Actually born in Peru, at age three she
moved to her mother’s native Chile. A
successful news reporter in her twenties,
she and her family fled to Venezuela after
General Augusto Pinochet deposed her
uncle Salvador Allende, setting up a
dictatorship.
4. Gabriela Mistral ( 1889–1957 )
• The first Latin American to win the Nobel
Prize in Literature
• Mistral was actually named Lucila Godoy
Alcayaga, but took her pen name from the
Italian and French poets Gabriele
D’Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral respectively
5. Octavio Paz ( 1914–1998 )
• A prominent poet and essayist, Paz
supported leftist causes in Mexico; he
fought briefly for the Republicans during the
Spanish Civil War.
6. José Martí ( 1853–1895 )
• Poet and revolutionary
• Asturias left his native Guatemala in 1923 to
study in Paris. There he discovered Mayan
mythology, and translated the Popol Vuh
into Spanish.
7. Carlos Fuentes (1928–2012 )
• Though born into a well-to-do family,
Fuentes often dealt with the betrayed ideals
from the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
Africa
1. Chinua Achebe
• One of the world’s most widely recognized
and praised writers, Chinua Achebe wrote
some of the most extraordinary works of
the 20th century.
2. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
• Adichie is part of a new generation of
African writers taking the literary world by
storm. Adichie’s works are primarily
character-driven, interweaving the
background of her native Nigeria and social
and political events into the narrative.
3. Ayi Kwei Armah
• Ayi Kwei Armah’s novels are known for their
intense, powerful depictions of political
devastation and social frustration in
Armah’s native Ghana, told from the point
of view of the individual.
4. Mariama Bâ
• One of Africa’s most influential women
authors, Mariama Bâ is known for her
powerful feminist texts, which address the
issues of gender inequality in her native
Senegal and wider Africa
5. Aminatta Forna
• Born in Glasgow but raised in Sierra Leone,
Aminatta Forna first drew attention for her
memoir The Devil That Danced on
Water (2003).
6. Nadine Gordimer
• One of the apartheid era’s most prolific
writers, Nadine Gordimer’s works
powerfully explore social, moral, and
racial issues in a South Africa under
apartheid rule.
7. Alain Mabanckou
• Alain Mabanckou’s works are written
primarily in French, and are well known
for their biting wit, sharp satire and
insightful social commentary into both
Africa and African immigrants in France.
8. Ben Okri
• Ben Okri’s childhood was divided
between England and time in his native
Nigeria.
9. Ngugi wa Thiong’o
• Ngugi wa Thiong’o is one of Africa’s
most important and influential
postcolonial writers. He began his
writing career with novels written in
English, which nevertheless revolved
around postcolonial themes of the
individual and the community in Africa
versus colonial powers and cultures
Literary Criticism
 Study, discussion, evaluation, and
interpretation of a literary text.
  Method used to interpret any give work of
literature. The different schools literary
criticism provides us with lenses which
ultimately reveal important aspects of the
literary work.
Biographical Approach
“Studies a literary work in the context of its author’s
life and, more broadly, his or her historical period”
“simple but central insight that literature is written
by actual people”
“the main area which it is useful is in
Roman a clef”
concrete, natural world around us and the
society we live in.”
“The current struggle in modern history, is the
struggle between the rich (owner) called the
‘bourgeoisies’ and the poor (worker) called the
‘proletariat’”
“Marxist critics suggest that the struggle is
inherent in our society so it is also reflected in
our literature.”
Marxism in Literature

Sociocultural Approach

FOCUSES ON THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND

CULTURE IN THE FORMATION OF PERSONALITY

TEXT ARE BEST UNDERSTOOD WHEN SITUATED IN

THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH
THEY WERE PRODUCED

INVOLVES LOOKING AT THE WAY POWER IS

DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO RACE, CLASS AND
GENDER

MARXIST CRITICISM

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

• was a German philosopher,

economist, historian, political
theorist, sociologist, journalist and
revolutionary socialist.

• Marx's theories about society,

economics and politics—collectively
understood as Marxism—hold that
human societies develop through
class struggle.

PROLETARIAT

• huge mass of workers who are

exploited by ruling class and whose
condition becomes increasingly
more desperate"

BOURGEOISIE

• Form the ruling class, own factories and

corporations, maintain the status quo
by creating capitalist ideology "in
disguised form and by helping keep
consumer lust at a high pitch"

“Marxism is a materialistic philosophy which

tries to interpret the world based on the