A social science discipline that focuses on the “everywhere-ness” of social forces in unlikeky forms ( sex,

religion, class race ethnicity). – Sociology

As a discipline, it focuses on human diversity around the world and looks at cross-cultural differences in
social institutions, cultural beliefs and communication styles. – Anthropology

It is the systematic study of government and politics, makes generalizations and analyzes about political
systems and political behavior and uses these results to predict future behavior- Political Science

A quality of the mind that enables its possessor to grasp the intersection of biography and history. –
Sociological Imagination

It constitutes a fairly large number of people who are living in the same territory, are relatively have
interactions that are made meaningful and possible. – Society

It is a whole complex system which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any habits
acquired by man which part of his or her way of life.- Culture

It is a process through which people learn to understand societal norms or expectations and societal
values as members of society- Socialization

It is a process by which an individual adopts the behavior patterns of the culture he or she immersed in.
– Enculturation

Characteristics of Culture
o Culture is social because it is product of behavior.
o Culture varies from our society to other societies.
o Culture is learned and shared.
o Cultural ways are transmitted and learned from society.

Biological evolution is based on the theory that was introduced by the famous naturalist and geologist,
Charles Darwin.
General term that scientists to categorize the group of early humans and other humanlike creatures that
can walk erect during prehistoric times. – Hominids

Type of society that their way of economic subsistence is to hunt animals and gather plants and
vegetation. – Hunting and Gathering

A society that developed and subsist through small-scale farming, produce and use simple forms of hand
tools to plant crops by digging sticks and bore holes for seed planting.
- Horticultural Society

This type of society subsists through animal domestication because of their dry land where raising crops
is not possible. – Pastoral

During this period, this kind of society emerged within Neolithic period and started to cultivate crops,
domesticate animals, and developed large settlements and cultural achievement. – Agricultural
This society began during late eighteenth century where in new source of energy were harnessed that
led to industrialization of production and manufacturing through machines and establishment of factories.
– Industrial society

With the development of Information Technology, this society emerges- Post-Industrial

It develops because of society`s highly advanced level of culture, social organization, political
development, judicial system, arts, and other forms of culture. – Civilization

It is our part in the society---inclined with our status.- Roles

The process of internalizing or adapting the norms and ideologies of society.- Socialization

A behavior that violates the expected rules and norms.- Deviance

Ascribed Status- the result of being born or by birth

Achieved Status- acquired by doing something

Common Good- beneficial for all or most

Norms- rules guided the members of the society, general standard of what is good or bad.

Rights- The legal, social or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement, according to some ethucal theory
or social conventions.

Human Dignity- It is something that cannot be taken from us. It means that an individual or group feels
self-respect and self-worth.

Social control theory- deviance occurs when a person`s or group attachment to social bonds is
weakened.

Characteristics of Society and Culture

Factual Characteristics in Sociological and Anthropological perspective:

1. Social change is a continuous process.
2. Social change is a result of many factors.
3. Social change is used to indicate the changes that take place in human interactions.

4. Culture is shared.

5. Culture is social because it is a product of behavior.

6. Culture varies from society to society.
7. Culture is learned, not inborn
8. Judging other people`s culture is enthnocentric.
9. Traditions, practices and a like are called Intangible Culture( Immaterial)
10. Significant Historial monuments and adobes of heroes are called tangible cultures.
( material )
Social-Political Type of Societies according to Development
Hunting and Gathering- getting food through hunting animals and gathering vegetations
Horticultural- focusing on planting crops in a small scale.
Pastoral- focusing on animal domestication because they are living in a dry land.
Agricultural- developed during Neolithic period, developed cities emerge even civilizations. Cultures and
governments developed too.
Industrial- because of Industrial Revolution, the invention of “machines” and factories, society grew larger and
more developed.
Post-Industrial- Information Technology is present in this kind of society, developed societies upgraded in a large
states with populated cities.