Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis

All living things need energy to do work. And every cell in our body is furiously producing energy at all
times. Energy doesn’t necessarily come from food. But rather start with the energy that came from the
sun.

Photosynthesis - It is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protist use the energy from
sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Glucose - It's a type of sugar you get from foods you eat, and your body uses it for energy.

Glucose can be converted into:

 pyruvate which releases

 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by
 cellular respiration.

Pyruvate - Is an important molecule that is present at the intersection of multiple biochemical pathways.
It is commonly encounters as one of the end products of the glycolysis which is then transported to the
mitochondria for the participating the citric acid cycle.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - It is a high energy molecule which is spent by working cells.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as
glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acidsthrough a reaction with acetyl-CoA.

Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in

protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Cellular Respiration or Aerobic Respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break
down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.

Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of animals, plants, and fungi, and also in algae and
other protists. It is often called aerobic respiration because the process requires oxygen.

Aerobic – needs oxygen to survive.

Anaerobic – doesn’t need oxygen to survive.

Cellular Respiration

The process in which organisms take molecules broken down from food and release the chemical energy
stored in the chemical bonds of those molecules.

The energy that is released from chemical bonds during cellular respiration is stored in molecules of ATP.

Through cellular respiration the cells harvest energy stored in food by catabotic pathway for the
production of adenosine triphosphates (ATP).

Can be aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen or anaerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen.
Cellular respiration begins first outside of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm.

Cellular Respiration is important because it provides the energy for the living organisms to perform all the
other necessary functions to maintain life.

The purpose of cellular respiration is to make ATP which is the main energy source for metabolic
functions.

The 3 phases of cellular respiration

Glycolysis (Fermentation) – convertion of glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate,

Krebs Cycle - the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of
aerobic respiration.

Electron Transport Chain - is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes.

Da Equation

Equation for Cellular Respiration: 6 O2 + C6 H12 O6 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Or Oxygen + Glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Glycolysis

The name “glycolysis” comes from the Greek “glyco,” for “sugar” and “lysis” for “to split.” It is the
anaerobic catabolic reaction of glucose. It is a process where a molecule of glucose is converted into two
molecules of pyruvic acid. It also creates 2 net ATP, and is quite in efficient

Glycolysis also create these coenzyme called NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) . NAD+ is
reduced to NADH

It occurs in almost all cells. The pathway takes place with or without the presence of oxygen.

In the eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.

Occurs in the cytoplasm

reaction:C6 H12 O6 + 2 ATP = 2 pyruvic acids + 4 ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). It is a high energy molecule which is spent by working cells.

Anaerobic. Anaerobic creatures or processes do not need oxygen in order to function or survive.

Cytosol. It is the liquid found inside of cells. It is the water-based solution in which organelles, proteins,
and other cell structures float.

Pyruvate. Is an important molecule that is present at the intersection of multiple biochemical pathways. It
is commonly encounters as one of the end products of the glycolysis which is then transported to the
mitochondria for the participating the citric acid cycle.