Booklet Herbal Plants

I.
Plant Name
Maranao Name: Sabi
Common name: Basil
Scientific name: Ocimum basilicum
II. Plant Description
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an erect, much-branched, perennial, aromatic

plant growing 20 - 80cm tall. The plant is often grown as an annual,
especially in cooler climates.A very commonly used herb with a range of
culinary and medicinal applications. The plant also yields an essential oil
and has insect repellent properties. It is often grown in gardens and
commercially.
III. Utilization Herbal Plant
a. Ailments: Stomach spasm, loss of appetite

b. Preparation: Extract the leaves and drink the liquid portion
c. Parts of plant: Leaves
d. Cultural Practices: They read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the
prophet mohammad) before drinking the herbal
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Talid
Common name: Yellow Nutsedge
Scientific name: Cyperus Esculentus
Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus, is a common lawn and garden

weed in Missouri. It is also referred to as nutgrass or watergrass. It is not a
grass but rather a sedge. This is evident in the stem that is triangular in
cross section, not round as in grasses. The leaves are bright green and
have a waxy appearance. It grows faster than many lawn grasses so it is
often noticed when it outgrows the surrounding grass. It will also remain a
bright green in summer when surrounding lawn grass may be a lighter
green. It thrives in low spots and high moisture areas that drain poorly, but
can occur in drier sites as well. The plant produces feathery, umbrella-like
flower clusters. The plant is perennial, reproducing by seed and
underground tubers. The underground tubers or nutlets can remain
dormant in the ground for several years.

a. Ailments: Diarrhea, Relief inflatulence and indigestion
b. Preparation: Extract the leaves and drink the liquid portion
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Kapal
Common name: Kalabo
Scientific name: Coleus aromaticus benth
Kalabo plant is also called as Oregano. It is very popular as flavor herb in

Eurasia, Spanish and Mediterranean cooking. It also popular as herbal plant
as it is used as cure to several sickness, such as asthma, cough, and fever.
The plant has a menthol aroma. Its aroma could be the reason that it is
popular for cooking in Mediterranean. Besides, it has more antioxidants,
minerals and full of fibers, and rich in omega 3.
a. Ailments: Fever, cough

b. Preparation: Macerate the leaves and drink the liquid portion
d. Cultural Practices: After the decoction they put it on a bottle and
make sure that no one will pass it by.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Kasina
Common name: Mugwort
Scientific name: Mentha corclofolia
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris ) also known as common artemisia, felon herb,

St. John's herb, chrysanthemum weed, sailor's tobacco, and moxa is a
perennial member of the Compositae family, and a close relative of
wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L. ). Mugwort's generic name is from that
of the Greek moon goddess Artemis, a patron of women. Mugwort has long
been considered an herbal ally for women with particular benefit in
regulating the menstrual cycle and easing the transition to menopause . The
common name may be from the old English word moughte meaning "moth,"
or mucgwyrt, meaning "midgewort," referring to the plant's folk use to repel
moths and other insects.
IV. Utilization Herbal Plant
a. Ailments: Relief of flatulence , stomachache

b. Preparation: Boil with water, drink
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Luya
Common name: Sili
Scientific name: Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens is a species of red pepper known for the pungent,

spicy taste of its fruits. Capsicum frutescens originated in the tropics of
Central America and is now naturalized in tropical regions throughout the
world. It is a short-lived perennial, growing for more than one year but dying
at the end of its second year. Plants average 3 to 5 feet (about 0.9 to 1.5 m)
tall and 2 feet (0.6 m) wide. The species has a shrubby growth pattern with a
central stem and many twiggy branches. Leaves are narrow and of variable
length, from 1.5 to 6 inches (about 4 to 15 cm.) The flowers are small and
cream to greenish-white colored. Capsicum frutescens has a relatively
extensive root system including a tap-root which varies in length depending
on available moisture.
a. Ailments: Hidden fever
b. Preparation: Boiling the leaves and drink
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Maganonuk
Common name: Septic fig
Scientific name: Ficus septica Burm.
III. Plant Description
Ficus septica (Hauili) is an erect, small tree, growing 3 to 8 meters high,

smooth, with more or less hairy young shoots. Leaves are smooth and
shining, not all roughened, oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 10 to 20
centimeters long, with tip tapering to a rather sharp point, and the base
pointed. Receptacles are axillary, solitary, depressed-globose or turbinate,
obscurely ridged or angled, 1.5 to 2 centimeters in diameter, and shortly
peduncled.

a. Ailments: Vomiting, cough of baby, Stomachache
b. Preparation: Boiling the roots and leaves.
d. Cultural Practices: After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make sure
that no one will pass it by.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Tanagub
Common name: Paragis
Scientific name: Eleusine indica
Paragis is an annual, erect, tufted, adventitious, glabrous grass, 10

centimeters to 1 meter in height. Leaves are 10 to 30 centimeters long,
sometimes involute when dry, 3 to 7 millimeters wide, distichous, rather
flaccid, with flattened sheaths. Spikes are 3 to 6, all in a terminal whorl, or
one or two lower down, 2.5 to 10 centimeters long, 3 to 5 millimeters thick.
Spikelets are very numerous, crowded, 3- to 5-flowered, 3 to 4 millimeters
long, the first glume 1-nerved and small, the second, 3-nerved, and the
third and succeeding ones ovate, acute.
a. Ailments: Ulcer, wounds
b. Preparation: Boiling the leaves and drink the result portion.
d. Cultural Practices: They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some
yat/verse from the Qur’an) then apply to the affected part/area.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Tambda
Common name: Pricklyleaved elephant's foot
Scientific name: Elephantopus scaber L.
III. Plant Description

Elephant Foot is a rather coarse, rigid, erect, hairy herb 30 to 60 cm
high. Stems forked, and stiff. Leaves are mostly in basal rosette and
oblong-ovate to oblong-lancelike, 10-25 cm in length and often very much
notched on the margins. Those on the stem few and much smaller. Purple
flowers are 8-10 mm long. Each head comprises about 4 flowers.
Flowering heads borne in clusters at the end of the branches and usually
enclosed by 3 leaf-like bracts which are ovate to oblong-ovate, 1 to 1.5 cm
long, and heart-shaped at the base. The flowering heads many-crowded in
each cluster. Fruits are achenes, ribbed. Pappus from 4 to 6 mm long with
rigid ristles
a. Ailments: No menstruation, Diarrhea, stomachache
b. Preparation: Roots: boil with water, drink thrice a day
Leaves: soak in hot water, and drink thrice a day

d. Cultural Practices: They read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise
the prophet mohammad) before drinking the herbal.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Sapar
Common name: False mallow
Scientific name: Malvastrum coromandelinum (L.) Garcke

False Mallow is a strong-stemmed, woody-rooted herb, growing to 1 m tall.
The plant is usually smaller, velvel-hairy with characteristic 4-rayed hairs.
Leaves are ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3-6 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, sharp or
blunt tipped, margins serrated, 3-nerved from base. Leaf stalks are 1.5-4 cm
long. Light yellow flowers occur singly in leaf axils. Flower stalk is 5 mm
long. Flowers are yellow, about 1.3 cm broad, with 5 petals. Petals are
obovate, very shallowly asymmetrically lobed at the tip. Flowers
occasionally paired or terminal. Fruit is about 6 mm broad, seeds
kidney-shaped, ripe carpel with a few stiff hairs and 2 stubby points on the
convex side.
a. Ailments: Anti-bacteria
b. Preparation: Boil with water (with roots of Dalupang) & drink thrice a day.
d. Cultural Practices: The most effective way for this is clean your body first
(abdas) then recite the Surah Fatiha.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Bangala
Common name: Cassava
Scientific name: Manihot esculenta

Manihot esculenta, commonly known as bitter cassava, tapioca, manioc
or yuca, is a milky-sapped tropical shrub that grows to 6-10' tall. Although
native to Brazil, it has been planted as an annual root crop in tropical areas
around the world for harvest of its stout, elongated, tuberous roots from
which cassava, tapioca, starch and other food products are obtained. It
features palmately lobed, medium green leaves (typically 3-7 parted) with
each leaf lobe growing to 3-8" long. Small, apetalous, greenish-white
flowers (corolla is absent but bell-shaped calyx is petal-like) in short
terminal panicles bloom throughout the year. Flowers are unisexual. Fruit
is an ovoid 6-winged capsule. Roots contain toxic hydrocyanic acid which
must be removed prior to consumption.
a. Ailments: Highbloood, post-partum care to prevent bleeding or

hemorrhage Hemorrhoids
b. Preparation: Wash,squeeze, ix the sap/juice with a little water, and
drink
c. Parts of plant: Roots
d. Cultural Practices: While slicing the herbal plants they will read the
Ayatul Kursi( verse in the Qur’an)

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Kalamunggay
Common name: Malunggay
Scientific name: Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera is a small, graceful, deciduous tree with sparse foliage,
often resembling a leguminous species at a distance, especially when in
flower, but immediately recognized when in fruit. The tree grows to 8 m
high and 60 cm db. Bole crooked, often forked from near the base. Bark
smooth, dark grey; slash thin, yellowish. Twigs and shoots shortly but
densely hairy. Crown wide, open, typically umbrella shaped and usually a
single stem; often deep rooted. The wood is soft.
a. Ailments: Wounds, Ulcer, High blood
b. Preparation: Roast, add with hot water, mix, and drink (at least thrice
a day)
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Mahogany
Common name: Mahogany
Scientific name: Swietenia mahogani Jacq.
Swietenia mahagoni is a tall tree, up to 30 m high, with a short, buttressing

base, up to 1 m in diameter and a large, spherical crown, many heavy branches and
dense shade. The bark is smooth grey on young trees, turning to scaly dark reddish-
brown on large trees. The tree is deciduous in areas where it is subject to drought.
Leaves even, pinnate, 10-18 cm long, and bearing 4-10 pairs of leaf lets that are shiny
a. Ailments: Relief of stomachache
b. Preparation: Bark/roots:cut into small pieces and boil with water;
drink thrice a day
Seed: chew and swallow the juice or sap
c. Parts of plant: Roots and seed
d. Cultural Practices: They recite the name of Allah at the same time the
SURAH FATIHA (Qur’an ayat)
.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Aguunoy
Common name: Hagunoy
Scientific name: Wedelia biflora L.

Hagonoi is a climbing, rough, herbaceous vine. Leaves are opposite, ovate,
6 to 8 centimeters long, with pointed tips and rounded bases, rather
coarsely toothed margins. Stalks are 3 to 6 centimeters long. Head are 3
centimeters in diameter, numbering 1 to 3, sometimes more, in the upper
axils, with stalks about 7 to 10 centimeters long. Involucral bracts are
narrowly oblong, somewhat recurved, hairy, and equalling or exceeding
the disk. Ray flowers are 6 to 15, the ligule oblong, yellow, 3-toothed, and
6 to 12 millimeters long. Disk flowers are numerous, yellow, or
yellowish-brown.
a. Ailments: Cough, wounds

b. Preparation: Macerate the leaves and apply the juice to wounds.
Chewing the leaves then apply to the affected area.
c. Parts of plant: Roots and seed
d. Cultural Practices: Read/recite the SALAWAT then apply it to the
affected area.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Switir
Common name: Chayote
Scientific name: Sechium edule
Chayote is a vigorous, tender herbaceous perennial vine with tuberous roots.

In the tropics the vine can be aggressive, and is even considered invasive in some
places, such as Hawaii. The slender, branching stems can grow up to 30 feet long,
with rough textured, slightly lobate (with three to five angular lobes) leaves and lots
of clinging tendrils. In commercial cultivation the vines are typically grown on
trellises about head high to facilitate walking beneath the vines, so the fruit is
well-shaped, clean and easy to pick from below. Plants are productive for 3-5 years.
a. Ailments: TB, lowers hypertension; cures person vomiting with blood
b. Preparation: Remove the skin, slice, blend, and drink the juice as
needed
c. Parts of plant: Seed
Ayatul Kursi( verse in the Qur’an

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Dunggaw
Common Name: Angelica
Scientific name: Biyophyllum pinnatum
Bryophyllum pinnata (B. pinnata) is a common medicinal plant used

in traditional medicine of India and of other countries for curing various
infections, bowel diseases, healing wounds and other ailments. However, its
anticancer properties are poorly defined. In view of broad spectrum
therapeutic potential of B. pinnata we designed a study to examine
anti-cancer and anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) activities in its leaf
extracts and tried to isolate its active principle.
a. Ailments: Cough, wounds
b. Preparation: Wash thoroughly, pound, and spread it out on forehead
or r on the body (cooling effect for fever) or on sides

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Katangantangan
Common Name: Tuba-tuba
Scientific name: Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas is a large glabrous shrub, 3-4 m high. Leaves:

long-petioled, orbicular-cordate, entire or 3-5 lobed. Flowers: yellow,
corolla-tube of male villous within, ovary and styles glabrous. Capsule:
2.5-3 cm long, ellipsoid, faintly lobed, breaking into 2-valved cocci. Seeds:
upto 2 cm long, black, ellipsoid-oblong. Flowers and fruits from April-
September.
a. Ailments: Cures canker sores or “luas” and toothache, heals sprain;

relief of flatulence or “panuhot”
b. Preparation: Leaves: Obtain a leaf from the trunk (stem) by pulling it
with its petiole, then drop the sap on the affected area
Stem: Roast partly, scrapes, squeeze and rub / massage
on the body (can be added with a liniment oil)
c. Parts of plant: Leaves and stem
d. Cultural Practices: They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some
ayat/verse from the Qur’an) then apply to the affected part area.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Katabas
Common Name: Ironweed
Scientific Name: Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less
Vernonia cinerea an erect, rarely decumbent, annual herb grows up to 75

cm in height. Stem: slender, grooved and ribbed. Leaves: simple, alternate,
variable in shape, broadly elliptic or lance o late, membranous or
coriaceous. Flowers: pinkish and purple, rounded or flat-topped corymbs.
Achenes: oblong, terete, & slightly narrowed at the base. Fruits: oblong
achenes, slightly narrowed base, white hairs on one side. Flowers and
fruits appears during August-April.
a. Ailments: Relief from childbirth pain
b. Preparation: Boil with water, drink thrice a day
d. Cultural Practices: Fever, wound, induce urination; expel intestinal
parasites
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Patawali
Common Name: Heavenly Elixir
Scientific Name: Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. F. & Thoms
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae), found in

the rainforests or mixed deciduous forests in Asia and Africa, is used in
traditional medicines to treat numerous health conditions. This review
summarizes the up-to-date reports about the ethnobotany, phytochemistry,
pharmacological activities, toxicology, and clinical trials of the plant. It
also provides critical assessment about the present knowledge of the plant
which could contribute toward improving its prospect as a source of lead
molecules for drug discovery.
a. Ailments: Toothache. Ulcer
b. Preparation: Boiled the stem of the plants and drink the liquid portion
d. Cultural Practices: After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make
sure that no one will pass it by.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Lasun tukupun
Common Name: Bawang
Scientific Name: Allium sativum
Allium sativum, commonly called garlic, is a bulbous perennial of the onion family.
It is native to the Mediterranean area. Foliage consists of aromatic, linear, flattened,
grass-like green leaves. In some varieties, a central scape topped by an umbel of
pinkish-white flowers rises from each clump of leaves to 18” tall in summer. Garlic is
typically grown as an annual in herb and vegetable gardens for its segmented bulbs
which are commonly used in cooking.
a. Ailments: Heart failure,lowers hypertension; cures sore throat and

relief of toothache.
b. Preparation: Stem (bulb): chew and eaten raw or cut into small pieces and
swallow with water and cut into small pieces and put on aching tooth.
c. Parts of plant: Stem (bulb)
Ayatul Kursi( verse in the Qur’an)

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Namat

Common Name: Buyo
Scientific Name: Galax urceolata
Galax urceolata is an attractive evergreen perennial with glossy, round to

heart-shaped, finely-serrated leaves that can be up to 3” across. It is
low-growing and forms dense clusters that can be an effective woodland
ground cover. The foliage is deep green during the growing season, turning
to shades of copper, bronze and purple during the winter months, with the
most vibrant hues developing where it is exposed to more sunlight.
Wand-like, white flower clusters (racemes) emerge late spring to early
summer, on unbranched stems that may grow up to 20” tall.
a. Ailments: Toothache
b. Preparation: Chewed the leaves on their mouth
d. Cultural Practices: Before chewing the herbal plants they recite first
the Surah Fatiha(ayat in Qur’an)3x then take it.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Gumamela
Common Name: Gumamela
Scientific Name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, only called Chinese hibiscus, is a frost tender

evergreen that is probably native to tropical Asia. Plants feature glabrous,
toothed, shiny green leaves (to 6”) and large, funnel-like flowers (to 4-8”
diameter) with stamens in a showy central tube
a. Ailments: Painful menstruation
b. Preparation: Boiled the leaves and rubbing to the body

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Bagumbayan
Common Name: Lovegrass
Scientific Name: Chrysopogon aciculatos

Chrysopogon aciculatos is a rhizomatous or stoloniferous, spreading
perennial. Culm often erect, 15-25 cm tall, geniculate, branching; always
rooting at the nodes. Leaves 3-15 cm long, 2-6 mm wide (15 to 20 times as
long as wide), linear, often hairy at mouth only. Ligule membranous and
truncate. Inflorescence a panicle, 5-10 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, composed of
several whorls of short reddish branches which gradually spread
horizontally when ripe. Each branch bearing at its end a group of three
spikelets. Branch axis jointed below the spikelet group. Spikelets ternate
and similar: one sessile hermaphrodite aproximately 4 mm long with a
hairy oblique callus; two pedicelled, male or neuter.
a. Ailments: Diarrhea, Baby (starting a teeth)
b. Preparation: Boil the stem
c. Parts of plant: Stem
d. Cultural Practiced: They read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the
prophet mohamad) before drinking the herbal.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Dalog
Common Name: Gabi
Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta

The taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an herbaceous perennial,
mostly cultivated as an annual. It grows up to a height of 2 m. Its
adventicious and shallow root system arises from the corm, a swollen
underground stem that contains high levels of fine starch and weighs up to
1 kg. Corms are usually cylindrical and 30 cm long x 15 cm diameter, but
they are highly variable in size, shape and colour. The leaves are 30-90 cm
long and 20-60 cm broad, and are borne in crowns at the end of upright,
thick, succulent, 0.9-2 m high petioles. The inflorescence is a large pale
green spathe (Ecoport, 2010; Safo Kantaka, 2004).
a. Ailments: Stomachache
b. Preparation: Stem: Boil the stem and drink the liquid portion.
d. Cultural Practices: The most effective way for this is clean your body
first (abdas) then recite the Surah Fatiha.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Durian
Common name: Durian
cientific name: Durio

Durian, (Durio zibethinus), tree of the hibiscus, or mallow, family
(Malvaceae) and its large edible fruit. The durian is cultivated in Indonesia,
the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Thailand and is seldom exported.
Although the durian has a mild sweet flavour, it also has a pungent odour,
which has been compared to that of Limburger cheese; for this reason, the
fruit is banned from public transportation in some places. The custardlike
pulp can be eaten at various stages of ripeness and is used in a variety of
sweet and savory dishes. The seeds may also be eaten if roasted.
a. Ailments: Toothache
b. Preparation: Boiling the ripped of the fruit and drink
d. Cultural Practice: They recite first the Surah Fatiha before eating the
herbal plants.
I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Kabrubruk
Common name: Billygoat weed
Scientific name: Ageratum conyzoides

Ageratum conyzoides is an erect, branching, soft, slightly aromatic,
annual herb with shallow, fibrous roots. It grows to approximately 1 m in
height. The stems and leaves are covered with fine white hairs; the leaves
are egg-shaped with broad end at base (ovate) up to 7.5 cm long. The
flowers are purple, blue, and pinkish or white, less than 6 mm across, with
around 30 to 50 flowers and arranged in close terminal flower-heads. The
fruits are small brown one-seeded achene fruits.
a. Ailments: Wounds, fever, combulsion, cough, Anti-bacteria
b. Preparation: Extract the leaves and drink the liquid portion.

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Gunda
Common name: Garlic chives
Scientific name: Hyptis capitata Jacq.
Garlic chives have green, flat and wide leaves that can grow up to 38
centimeters in length. Each stem has a small, inedible white bulb at the base
with white star-shaped flowers at the top that are edible and bloom in the
spring. Garlic chives have a rich flavor that is often described as a mix of
garlic and onion but are less pungent than a clove of garlic. Garlic chives are
available beginning late winter through the summer months.
a. Ailments: Easy labor during childbirth
b. Preparation: wash, squeeze with lukewarm water, and rub on the belly
c. Parts of plant: Roots
(abdas) then recite the Surah Fatiha

I. Plant Name
Maranao Name: Arbaca
Common name: Knobweed
Scientific name: Hyptis capitata Jacq.

Knobweed is an erect subshrub 1/2-2 m tall, with ovate-oblong, acute,
serrate, petiolate leaves, commonly 5-15 cm long and 2-6 cm wide; petiole
to about 2-3 cm; blades glabrate or puberulent and dorsally glandular;
peduncles axillary, commonly 2-9 cm long; heads subglobose, 1.5-2.5 cm in
diameter; flowers sessile, white, subtended by oblong-obovate bracts up to
8-12 mm long; calyx-lobes subulate, nearly equal, calyx-tube glabrous at
extreme base, hirsute medially, pubescent distally, 3-4 mm long in flower,
enlarging to nearly 1 cm in fruit; corolla 5-6 mm long, white with faint
purplish spots on upper lip; filaments pubescent basally; nutlets
brownish-black with a narrow white hilum, about 1 mm long. Knobweed is
native to Central America, now widespread as a weed.
a. Ailments: cures dry cough and heals wounds, relief of toothache
b. Preparation: Boil with water and drink thrice a day or use as an antiseptic
wash (for wounds) & Toothache: boil with water, cool, and gargle
d. Cultural Practices: Before chewing the herbal plants they recite first the
Surah Fatiha(ayat in Qur’an)3x then take it.

I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Kalawag

Common name: Dulao
Scientific name: Curcuma longa
II. Plant’s Description
Curcuma, or hidden cone gingers, is a genus of mostly tropical plants
known for their dramatic bold foliage, flamboyant floral show. Curcuma
can range in height from just under 2' to over 7' tall. The slightly hidden
flowers resemble psychedelic pinecones...a nice trip back to the 1960s. We
urge our readers to visit the garden on our Open Nursery and Garden Days
in summer and fall to see our Curcuma collection. One of the reasons that
Curcuma have never reached a high level of popularity is that they haven't
begun to sprout during the spring garden center season, but because of this,
they can be interplanted with spring bulbs such as daffodils, which go
dormant before Curcuma emerges. Curcuma are plants that you must
purchase as a leap of faith, then sit back and enjoy later in your garden.
III. Utilization of Herbal Plants
a. Ailments : Fever and cough, Cancer, internal wounds, and high blood
b. Plant parts: roots
c. Preparation: Extracting and boiling.
d. Cultural Practices: While extracting the herbal plants they recite first
“BISMILLAHIRRAHMANIRRAHEEM” then eat the herbal plants and after
eating they say ”Alhamdulillah
I. Plant’s Name
Common name: Gemelina
Scientific name: Gemelina arborea
I. Plant’s Description
Gmelina arborea is an unarmed, moderately sized to large deciduous tree
with a straight trunk. It is wide spreading with numerous branches forming
a large shady crown, attains a height of 30 m or more and a diameter of up
to 4.5 m. Bark smooth, pale ashy-grey or grey to yellow with black patches
and conspicuous corky circular lenticels. Inside surface of bark rapidly
turns brown on exposure and exfoliates into thick woody plates or scurfy
flakes. Blaze pale orange and mottled with a darker orange colour.
II. Utilization of Herbal Plants
a. Ailments: Body sprain, relief inflatulence, Abdominal pain
b. Plant parts: roots/ leaves
c. Preparation: Boiling
d. Cultural Practices: read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
mohamad) before drinking the herbal.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Kimpo
Common name: Makahiya
Scientific name: Mimosa pudica Linn

Mimosa pudica is a famous ornamental plant commonly known as
sleeping grass, sensitive plant, humble plant, shy plant, touch‐me‐not,
chuimui, and lajwanti among other names. Its ornamental use can be
attributed to its thigmonastic and seismonastic movements in which
closure of leaves and hanging down of petioles takes place in response to
certain stimuli like light, vibration, wounds, wind, touch, heat, and cold
(Volkov and others 2010a,b; Soetedjo and others 2015). Besides its
ornamental use, M. pudica is a popular plant among folk healers to treat
several diseases.
a. Ailments: Wounds, family planning( controlling)`, Hemorrhoids,

Allergy
b. Plant parts: leaves and stem
d. Cultural Practices: Read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
mohamad) before drinking the herbal
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Kabiro-biro
Common name: Bastard vervain
Scientific name: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is an erect and branched half-woody plant, 1 to

1.5 meters high. Stems are terete, the younger ones slightly angled. Leaves
are elliptic to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 10 centimeters long, with pointed tips and
toothed margins, the base decurrent on the petiole. The spikes are terminal,
rather slender, 10 to 30 centimeters long, 3-4 millimeters thick, green and
continuous. Calyx is small, oblique, and 4-toothed. Corolla is deep blue, 1
centimeter long, The fruit is enclosed in the calyx, appressed to and
somewhat sunk in the rachis, smooth, oblong, and about 4 millimeters long.

a. Ailments: Cough, Fever and wounds
b. Plant parts: stem, leaves and roots
c. Preparation: boiling and drink the liquid
d. Cultural Practices: Read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Manguwaw
Common name: Damong Maria
Scientific name: Artemisia vulgaris Linn
Damong-maria is an erect perennial herb, hairy, aromatic, rank smelling,

often half-woody, growing to a height of 1 meter or less. Stems are leafy and
branched. Leaves are pinnately lobed, 5 to 14 centimeters long, hairy, gray
beneath, with nearly smooth above. Flowering heads are numerous, ovoid, 3 to 4
millimeters long, occurring in large numbers in spikelike, ascending, and
branched inflorescences. Fruit, an achene, is minute
a. Ailments: Stomachache, Itchy, Dizziness, and Headache

b. Plant parts: leaves
c. Preparation: Decoction and put it on the clothes /towel.
d. Cultural practices: After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make sure
- read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet mohamad) before
drinking the herbal
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao Name: Star apple
Common name: Star apple
Scientific name: Chrysophyllum cainito Linn
A tree 10–20 m high, native of tropical America, and introduced to many

tropical and subtropical countries. It is present in the Region.The foliage is an
attractive red, and the tree is grown as a beautiful shade tree (6).
a. Ailments: Diarrhea, LBM, and stomachache

b. Plant parts: stem and leaves
c. Preparation: decoction and boiling
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Mngiyak
Common name: Blue snakeweed
Scientific name: Statchytarpheta cayenensis
S.cayennensis is a shrub native to South and Central America and the

Caribbean. It was introduced widely introduced into several tropical countries
around the world as an ornamental species due to its attractive blue flowers, but in
some countries it has become invasive. S. cayennensis has a wide environmental
tolerance and often invades disturbed areas where it can outcompete native flora.
It is invasive in many Pacific islands and is regarded as a noxious weed in the
Northern Territory, Australia and is increasing in abundance in Florida, USA.
According to a risk assessment this species is regarded as being highly invasive
(score 20 = high risk) (PIER, 2015).

a. Ailments: Body ache, fever, cough,wounds, asthma
b. Plant parts: stem and roots
d. Cultural Practices: read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name :Talawatawa
Common name: Tawa-tawa
Scientific name: Euphrobia hirta
Euphrobia hirta is a slender-stemmed, annual hairy plant with many branches

from the base to the top, the branches simple or forked and ascending or spreading, up
to 40 centimeters tall, reddish or purplish in color. Leaves are opposite,
elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, distichous, 1 to 2.5 centimeters long, usually
blotched with purple in the middle, toothed at the margin. Involucres are numerous,
purplish to greenish in color, borne in dense, axillary, stalkless or short-stalked
clusters or crowded cymes, about 1 millimeter in length. Capsules are broadly ovoid,
hairy, three-angled, about 1.5 millimeters long.

a. Ailments: fever, cough, anti-bacterial, dengue, high blood, and anemic.
c. Preparation: decoction
drinking the herbal.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Dalupang
Common name: Caesar weed
Scientific name: Urena Lobata
Dalupang erect, branched shrub 0.6 to 2.5 meters high. Plant is exceedingly
variable and more or less hairy, stems often with reddish branches. Leaves are pale
beneath, ovate to suborbicular, 3 to 9 centimeters long, heart-shaped at the base,
more or less toothed or somewhat lobed or angled, the lobes not exceeding beyond
the middle of the leaf and the sinuses being usually broad and acute.
Flowers are pink or purplish, about 1.7 millimeters in diameter and borne singly in
the axils of the leaves, or somewhat in panicles. Petals are 5, free above, connate
below and adnate to staminal tube; staminal tube truncate or minutely toothed,
anthers many. Ovary is 5-celled, branches of stigma 10. Fruits are rounded but
flattened and about 7 millimeters in diameter, with the 5 carpels covered with short,
barbed spines.
a. Ailments: stomachache, diarrhea, and inflammation.

c. Preparation: extracting
d. Cultural practices: While extracting the herbal plants they recite first
“BISMILLAHIRRAHMANIRRAHEEM” then eat the herbal plants
and after eating they say ”Alhamdulillah
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Bawing
Common name: Tanglad
Scientific name: Cymbopogon citrates
Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves
that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an
essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. In the present work,
essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in
the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals (citral acetals) are synthesized
from citral along with para-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst, which are used in
perfumery, flavor, for fortifying lemon oil and has strong antimicrobial qualities.

a. Ailments: high blood, cough, muscle pain, and toothache.
c. Preparation: High blood/cough: Boil the roots and drink the liquid result.
-Muscle pain: Apply poultice to the affected area
-Toothache: Gurgle the liquid result into the mouth.
d. Cultural practice: Perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some ayat/verse from
the Qur’an) then apply to the affected part/area.
drinking the herbal.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Kupaya
Common name: Papaya
Scientific name: Carica Papaya
Carica papaya is an evergreen, tree-like herb, 2-10 m tall, usually

unbranched, although sometimes branched due to injury, containing white latex in
all parts. Stem cylindrical, 10-30 cm in diameter, hollow with prominent leaf scars
and spongy-fibrous tissue. Has an extensive rooting system. Leaves spirally
arranged, clustered near apex of trunk; petiole up to 1 m long, hollow, greenish or
purplish-green; lamina orbicular, 25-75 cm in diameter, palmate, deeply 7-lobed,
glabrous, prominently veined; lobes deeply and broadly toothed.

a. Ailments: Fever, Stomach ache, Dengue, cough, Body ache, Wounds, ulcer
and menstruation.
c. Preparation: Eating freshly the fruit, slicing, decoction of the leaves.
d. Cultural practices: read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
- After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make sure that no one will pass
it by.
- While slicing the herbal plants they will read the Ayatul Kursi( verse in the
Qur’an
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Marudo
Common name: Coleus
Scientific name: Plectranthus scutellarioides
Plectranthus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a tropical evergreen

tender perennial that has been a popular foliage plant since at least Victorian times. It
is native to Southeast Asia and Malaysia. It has been assiduously hybridized over the
years into a very large number of vegetatively propagated and seed propagated strains
with an almost infinite number of leaf color combinations including most colors of the
spectrum except true blue. Cultivars range in size from dwarf 6” tall plants to large
mounded 36” tall plants. Four-sided stems are semi-succulent. Showy multi-colored
leaves are generally ovate to oblong and toothed. Leaves frequently feature mixtures
of colors in irregular patterns. Blue to white nettle-like flowers (more common on
seed strains) bloom in racemes in summer to early fall, but are not showy and tend to
visually detract from the symmetry and attractiveness of the plants.
III. Utilization of Herbal Plant
a. Ailments: allergy
c. Preparation: boiling
I. Plant Name:
Maranao name:TANGILA LUPA
Common name: Yahong-yahong/Gotokota
Scientific name: Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica commonly known as gotu kola, is a herbaceous plant belonging to

the family Mackinlayaceae. It is a mild adaptogen and has been used as a medicinal
herb for thousands of years in India, where it is commonly used in anti-aging
preparations for the skin. According to Charaka, often considered the Father of
Indian.
III. Utilization of herbal plants
a. Ailments: Highblood, lame, Stoamchache, Toothach

b. Plant parts: Leaves
c. Preparation: Boil the leaves then drink the liquid portion.wash, squeeze, then
soak in lukewarm water; or boil with water; drink thrice a day
d. Cultural practices: They read/recite first the SALAWAT (praise the prophet
After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make sure that
no one will pass it by.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Tambis
Common name: Tambis
Scientific name: Syzygium aqueum
Syzygium aqueum is a species of brush cherry tree. Its common names

include watery rose apple; names like "water apple" and "bell fruit" may refer to
any species of Syzygium grown for its fruit.The fruit is a fleshy yellow or red berry
which is bell shaped, waxy and crisp.

a. Ailments: Diarrhea
b. Plant parts: leaves and roots
c. Preparation: boiling
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Luya pagirisen
Common name: Ginger
Scientific name: Zingiber officianale
Ginger can be used nutritionally in cooking or as an herbal remedy and has

been evaluated in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The
active gingerols act as an antispasmodic and improve the tone of intestinal muscles. A
recent small study demonstrated benefit in both the ginger and placebo groups, with
fewer side effects in the ginger group.92 Ginger is available in many forms, and ginger
root tea is particularly helpful after overeating.

a. Ailments: stomach ache, sore throat, relief of flatulence, cough, induces
urination.
b. Plant parts: roots and stem
c. Preparation: Stem (rhizome) cut into small pieces and use as lozenges (candy),
allow to stay in mouth and pound to extract the sap, added with hot water, and
drink.
d. Cultural practices: Before chewing the herbal plants they recite first the Surah
Fatiha(ayat in Qur’an)3x then take it.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Dungaw
Common name: Angelica
Scientific name: Bryophyllum pinnatum
Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, cathedral bells, life
plant, miracle leaf,and Goethe plant is a succulent plant native to Madagascar,
which is a popular houseplant and has become naturalized in tropical and
subtropical areas
a. Ailments: kidney failure and fever

c. Preparation: Wash thoroughly, pound, and spread it out on forehead or rub on
body (cooling effect for fever) or on sides of neck (for mumps)
d. Cultural practices: The most effective way for this is clean your body first
(abdas) then recite the Surah Fatiha (Rubbing)
- They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some ayat/verse from the Qur’an)
then apply to the affected part/area (applying of affected area).
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Lagundi
Common name: Lagundi
Scientific name: Vitex Nigundo Linn
Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo) is a shrub that grows in the

Philippines. It is one of the ten herbal medicines endorsed by the Philippine
Department of Health as an effective herbal medicine with proven therapeutic
value. Commonly known in the Ilocos region as dangla, lagundi has been
clinically tested to be effective in the treatment of colds, flu, bronchial asthma,
chronic bronchitis, and pharyngitis. Studies have shown that Lagundi can prevent
the body's production of leukotrienes, which are released during an asthma attack.
Lagundi contains Chrysoplenol D, a substance with anti-histamine and muscle
relaxant properties. Even in Japan, lagundi is becoming recognized as an effective
herbal medicine, especially since researches have shown that it contains properties
that make it an expectorant and it has been reported to function as a tonic as well.
More than that, most of the parts of the lagundi plant have medicinal value..
a. Ailments: kidney failure and fever

c. Preparation: Wash thoroughly, pound, and spread it out on forehead or
rub on body (cooling effect for fever) or on sides of neck (for mumps)
d. Cultural practices: The most effective way for this is clean your body
first (abdas) then recite the Surah Fatiha (Rubbing).
They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some ayat/verse from the
Qur’an) then apply to the affected part/area (applying of affected area)
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Abukado
Common name: Avocado
Scientific name: Persea Americana
Abukado i a medium-sized tree reaching a height of up to 10 to 15 meters.

Leaves are alternate, leathery, oblong to oval or obovate, about 20
centimeters long. Flowers are small, yellow, borne in naked, panicled hairy
cymes. Stamens are 12, in groups of 3 in 4 whorls. Fruit is large, fleshy,
elongated, of various sizes and shapes, often resembling a pear, 8 to 18
centimeters long, some weighing as much as two kilos, soft and edible,
with a nutty flavor, color varying from yellow-green to purple.
a. Ailments: UTI, Arthritis, Less high blood , new birth
b. Plant part: Leaves and seed

c. Preparation: Leaves( fresh or dried) boil with water (often with
Mangga leaves) and drink thrice a day
d. Cultural Practices: They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading
some ayat/verse from the Qur’an) then apply to the
affected part/area.The most effective way for this is
clean your body first (abdas) then recite the Surah
Fatiha.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Gabana
Common name: Guyabano
Scientific name: Annona muricata

Annona muricata, commonly called soursop (also known as graviola
or guanabana), is a small evergreen tropical tree that is native to
Central and tropical South America. In the wild, it is a slender tree that
will grow to 15-20' tall often with down-curved branching. It grows
much smaller in containers. The name soursop is in reference to its
large edible fruits which have a slightly acidic or sour taste. This
tropical plant is not reliably winter hardy to most of southern Florida,
but may be grown in the Florida keys and Puerto Rico. In greenhouses,
it typically flowers in summer producing fruits in fall. Each flower (to
2" long) appears singly on a woody stalk almost anywhere on the tree
(twigs, branches or trunk). Each flower has three yellowish-green outer
petals and three dull yellow inner petals.
III.. Utilization of Herbal Plants
a. Ailments: UTI, Arthritis, Anemic and
c. Preparation:Decoction and Boil the leaves and drink the liquid
Portion
d. Cultural Practices:They read/recite first the SALAWAT
(praise the prophet mohamad) before drinking the herbal.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Bayabaya
Common name: Bayabas
Scientific name: Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava (common name-guava) is well known tropic tree

which is abundantly grown for fruit. It belongs to phylum Magnoliophyta,
class Magnoliopsida and Myrtaceae family. It has about 133 genera and more
than 3,800 species. Psidium guajava and it’s all parts have an old history of
medicinal value . The plant is well known by a common name “Guava” in
English, guayabo in Spanish, goyaveandgoyavier in French,
guyabaorgoeajaab in Dutch, goiaba and goaibeira in Portuguese and
jambubatu in Malaya. Pichi, posh and enandi are the names commonly used
in Mexico and America. Guava plant grows widely in the tropic areas because
it is a plant that can be grown on a big range of soils .
a. Ailments: Anti-bacterial, measles/rashes, wounds cleansing, toothache
b. Plant Part: Leaves
c. Preparation: Wound cleansing/ anti-bacterial/measles and rashes:
Boil/chewed the leaves and apply to the wound./stay it inside the
mouthas cleansing
a. Cultural Practices: They perform the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some
ayat/verse from the Qur’an) then apply to affected part/area.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao Name: Salimbawangun
Common name: Camphor plant /Sambong
Scientific name: Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.
Sambong is a half woody, strongly aromatic shrub, densely and softly

hairy, 1 to 4 meters high. Stems grow up to 2.5 centimeters in diameter.
Leaves are simple, alternate, elliptic- to oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 20
centimeters long, toothed at the margins, pointed or blunt at the tip,
narrowing to a short petiole which are often auricled or appendaged.
Flowering heads are stalked, yellow and numerous, 6 to 7 millimeters long,
and borne on branches of a terminal, spreading or pyramidal leafy panicle.
Discoid flowers are of two types: peripheral ones tiny, more numerous, with
tubular corolla; central flowers few, large with campanulate corolla.
Involucral bracts are green, narrow and hairy. Anther cells tailed at base.
Fruits are achenes, dry, 1-seeded, 10-ribbed, hairy at top.
III. Utilization of Herbal Plant’s
a. Ailments: UTI, Arthritis, Less high blood , new birth

c. Preparation: Boiling and decoction
d. Cultural Practices: While extracting the herbal plants they recite first
“BISMILLAHIRRAHMANIRRAHEEM” then eat the herbal
plants and after eating they say ”Alhamdulillah”
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Pisaya
Common name: Sampa-sampalukan
Scientific name: Phyllantus niruri
Phyllanthus niruri is an annual, herb; height varies between

30–60 cm. Stem is angular with numerous distichous, elliptic-oblong
leaves. Flowers are yellow and very numerous; monoecious with 1–3
staminate flowers and solitary pistillate flower borne axillary. Fruits
capsule, very small, globose, smooth, seeds 3-gonous, longitudinally
ribbed on the back. Seed to seed cycle occurs in two or four weeks.
a. Ailments: Stop bleeding of wounds
b. Plant part: Leaves

c. Preparation: Boiling the roots( using cotton to rub the wound)
d. Cultural Practices: After the decoction they put it on a bottle and make
sure that no one will pass it by.
I. Plant’s Name
Maranao name: Rambiyawa
Common name: Goosegrass
Scientific name: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn
Eleusine indica is closely related to Eleusine coracana (finger millet or

African finger millet), and the diploid E. indica is likely an ancestor of the
allotetraploid E. coracana.. Seeds of E. indica are edible and are sometimes used as
a famine food, but yields are low. It is an important weed of cultivated crops, lawns,
and golf courses. It thrives in disturbed areas with compacted soils in full sun. Both
tillage and herbicides are used in its control. This low-growing grass is capable of
setting seed even when closely mown. Some populations have evolved resistance to
certain herbicides, including glyphosate.

a. Ailments: Diarrhea, Stomachache,Tigdas, and Arthritis
b. Plant parts: Stem
c. Preparation: Extract the leaves and drinkl the liquid portion
d. Cultural practices: While extracting the herbal plants they recite
first “BISMILLAHIRRAHMANIRRAHEEM” then
eat the herbal plants and after eating they
say ”Alhamdulillah”.

Booklet Herbal Plants

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I.

Maranao Name: Sabi

Common name: Basil

Scientific name: Ocimum basilicum

II. Plant Description

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an erect, much-branched, perennial, aromatic

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

a. Ailments: Stomach spasm, loss of appetite

Maranao Name: Talid

Common name: Yellow Nutsedge

Scientific name: Cyperus Esculentus

II. Plant Description

Yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus, is a common lawn and garden

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

Maranao Name: Kapal

Common name: Kalabo

Scientific name: Coleus aromaticus benth

II. Plant Description

Kalabo plant is also called as Oregano. It is very popular as flavor herb in

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

a. Ailments: Fever, cough

Maranao Name: Kasina

Common name: Mugwort

Scientific name: Mentha corclofolia

II. Plant Description

Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris ) also known as common artemisia, felon herb,

IV. Utilization Herbal Plant

a. Ailments: Relief of flatulence , stomachache

Maranao Name: Luya

Common name: Sili

Scientific name: Capsicum frutescens

II. Plant Description

Capsicum frutescens is a species of red pepper known for the pungent,

Maranao Name: Maganonuk

Common name: Septic fig

Scientific name: Ficus septica Burm.

III. Plant Description

Ficus septica (Hauili) is an erect, small tree, growing 3 to 8 meters high,

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

Maranao Name: Tanagub

Common name: Paragis

Scientific name: Eleusine indica

II. Plant Description

Paragis is an annual, erect, tufted, adventitious, glabrous grass, 10

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

a. Ailments: Ulcer, wounds

b. Preparation: Boiling the leaves and drink the result portion.

c. Parts of plant: Leaves

d. Cultural Practices: They perform first the ‘TAWAR’ (reading some

yat/verse from the Qur’an) then apply to the affected part/area.

Maranao Name: Tambda

Common name: Pricklyleaved elephant's foot

Scientific name: Elephantopus scaber L.

III. Plant Description

III. Utilization Herbal Plant

a. Ailments: No menstruation, Diarrhea, stomachache

b. Preparation: Roots: boil with water, drink thrice a day

Leaves: soak in hot water, and drink thrice a day

c. Parts of plant: Leaves

Maranao Name: Sapar

Common name: False mallow

Scientific name: Malvastrum coromandelinum (L.) Garcke

II. Plant Description