CHAPTER4 MODIFIABLE RISK

FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES

NCD- NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
FATALFOUR-(CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE,CANCER,DIABETES,AND CHONIC RESPIRATORY
DISEASE)
NCDs KNOWN AS THE TOP KILLER IN THE PHILIPPINES
NCDs are non infectious illness but can be inherited or
developed based on the individual’s lifestyle. Heart
disease, cancer, liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure,
obesity, stroke, and Type 2 diabetes are familiar cases of
noncommunicable diseases. These conditions develop
gradually over the lifetime of the person. Pain and other
symptoms usually manifest when the person is in their
40s or 50s. The choices and behavior that teenagers and
young adults make sets the tone whether they would
develop these conditions later in life.
SMOKING CONTAINS:
TAR is a harmful
byproduct of
 smoking
cigarette.
NICOTINE Is a toxic
chemical
compound that
mostly consist
nitrogen, which
also makes
cigarettes
addictive
CARBON Is a poisonous
MONOXIDE chemical from
burnt cigarette
that makes the
heart do more
work to supply
sufficient oxygen
in the body.

KINDS OF TOBBACO SMOKE

1.MAINSTREAM SMOKE- commonly known as ‘’first-
hand smoke’’ is the smoke from lit cigarette that is both
inhaled and exhaled
2.SECOND-HAND SMOKE-is a very dangerous smoke
when taken in. It is the smoke puffed out by smokers
called environmental tobacco or ‘’sidestream’’ smoke
3.THIRD-HAND SMOKE- refers to cigarette offshoots
which is attached to the smokers’ hair and clothing as
well as various surfaces like walls, floors, furniture,
chairs, toys.
POOR DIETARY HABITS
DIETARY HABITS are the usual choices of food that
people make. DIET affects an individual health
condition.
DIETARY HABITS SHOULD FOLLOW THE PRINCIPLES OF
GOOD NUTRITION THESE ARE:
ADEQUACY Refers to
moderate amount
of nutrients to
maintain normal
body function
BALANCE Refers to correct
combination of
nutrients
VARIETY Refers to
 consumption of
different types of
food product

POOR DIETARY HABITS lead to malnutrition, resulting to

stress, tiredness, sleep deprivation, weak brain function,
indigestion, and heart problem. IT adds up to the risk of
developing diseases and health problem such as:
 OBESITY
 TOOTH DECAY
 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
 HIGH CHOLESTEROL
 HEART DISEASE
 TYPE-2 DIABETES
 OSTEOPOROSIS
 CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER
 DEPRESSITON
 EATING DIS ORDERS
 SEDENTARY
LIFESTYLE
SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE occurs when an
individual lacks the recommended level of regular
physical activity or if he/she is physically
inactive.There are recommended level of physical
activity for every age group, which was propose by
many international and national health
organization such as the Center for Disease Control
Prevention, World Health Organization, American
Heart Association, American College of Sports
Medicine and DOH.
CARDIOVASCULA A disease TYPES
R DISEASE of heart  ARTERIOSCLERO
and blood SIS-a condition
vessels causing arteries
and is the to harden and
leading of thiken. Some
death in types are
the natural growing
Philippines old.
.  ATHEROSCLERO
SIS- type of
arteriosclerosis
where
deposited fat
hardens and
becomes
plaque on
arterial walls.
Begin as early as
two years old.
 HEART ATTACK-
cardiac muscle
failure due to
lack of blood
flow to the
heart.
 ANGINA
PECTORIS-chest
pain from
narrowed
coronary
arteries due to
inadequate
oxygen for the
 heart.
 RHEUMATIC
FEVER-the
immune system
attacks the
heart and can
cause fever,
weakness ,and
damage to its
valves.
 HEART RHYTHM
ABNORMALITIES
/
ARRYTHMIA-
brought about
by faulty
electrical
conduction
system that is
worsened by
uncontrolled
stress levels and
high caffeine
intake.
 CONGESTIVE
HEART FAILURE-
 the heart is not
able or below its
normal capacity
to pump blood.
CANCER A disease  MALIGNANT- is
where cell cancerous .The
divide in tumor can
an spread to invade
uncontroll and destroy
ed pace. nearby tissue
and body parts.
This process is
called
metastasis
 BENIGN-is not
cancerous.
Benign tumors
may increase in
size but do not
invade other
body parts.
 CARCINOMA-is
the most
common of the
major
categories; an
 invasive
malignant tumor
from epithelial
tissue that tends
of the spread to
other body
parts. cancers of
the skin, breast,
uterus prostate,
lungs, stomach,
colon, and
rectum are
examples
carcinoma.
 SARCOMA-is a
connective or
supportive
cancer, which
include muscle,
bone, fat, blood
vessels, and
cartilage
cancers.
 LYMPHONA-
arises in cells of
the lymphatic or
 the immune
system tissues
characterized by
abnormal
production of
white cells and
decrease in
resistance.
 LEUKEMIA- is
the cancer of
the blood cells,
usually
leukocytes or
white blood
cells.

DIABETES/DIABE A disease  TYPE1

TES MELLITUS resulting DIABETES- is
from a insulin-reliant
condition diabetes
of the because the
body body produces
wherein little or no
the body is insulin at all.
not able to The immune
produce or system destroy
effectively the cell
use insulin producing
insulin, which
causes the build-
up of sugar in
the blood and
loss of sugar in
the urine. Its
symptoms
include
increased thirst,
frequent
urination,
continuous
hunger, weight
loss, blurred
vision, and
tiredness. This
type of diabetes
relies on daily
insulin injections
and follows a
special diet. It
usually occurs in
children and
young adults.
 TYPE 2
DIABETES- is
non-insulin
dependent. This
occurs when the
produces insulin
but it cannot be
used by the
cells. This type
of diabetes in
manageable
through oral
medication and
a lifestyle based
on diet and
exercise
programs.
symptoms are
usually not very
obvious and
may go
undetected for
many years.
 GESTATIONAL
DIABETES-
occurs in certain
 pregnant
individual. The
hormones cause
the body not to
respond to the
insulin produced
by the body.
This is not
harmful to the
baby and can be
treated only
with proper
diet. Gestational
diabetes usually
regresses after
childbirth but
has higher
chances of
developing into
Type 2 diabetes.
CHRONIC Commonly
RESPIRATORY called
DISEASE chronic
obstructiv
e
pulmonary
 disease or
COPD:
occurs in
the air
paths and
other
parts of
the lungs.

CHAPTER 5- FUEL FOR PERFORMANCE

PROPER NUTRITION FOR EXERCISE

NUTRITION- is the health branch that stresses

importance of the food for growth and
development, as well as in lowering the chances of
acquiring diseases and illness.
NUTRIENTS are important food substances that
help our body function properly. There are six
types of nutrients; water, protein, carbohydrates,
fats, vitamins, and minerals.
MACRONUTRIENTS such as carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, and water are required by the body in
large amounts.