INTRODUCTION

STEP 1: Introduce the

TOPIC

STEP 2: Explain the

IMPORTANCE of the
TOPIC. [Note: You may
also cite findings to
support your reasons.]

STEP 3: Cite CURRENT

FINDINGS or ISSUES
regarding the topic.
 SSTEP 4: State
your RESEARCH
GAP

SSTEP 5: Explain
why your study is
IMPORTANT.

In some studies, the “Background of the

Study” is already incorporated within the
“Introduction” (see example above)
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Those with red

underlines are the
existing literature
and studies cited to
present findings
about the chosen
topic. While those
with blue underlines
are the researcher’s
own insights about
the literature or study
being read.

In your “Background
of the Study,” you also
have to indicate your
RESEARCH GAP.
STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE

Your SOP includes

the following:
1. IDEAL
2. REALITY
3. CONSEQUENCE
S

The
CONSEQUENCES
part indicates the
CENTRAL PROBLEM.

SUB-PROBLEMS
specify the aspect
of their experiences
that you want to
explore.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The “Theoretical Framework”

indicates the theory used as the
basis of the study.
GUIDING FRAMEWORK

The “Guiding
Framework”
indicates the steps
used in conducting
the study. This is an
alternative term for
“Conceptual
Framework” of
quantitative
research.

Commonly the
INPUT-PROCESS-
OUTPUT (IPO)
Method is used in
this framework
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Scope indicates
the range of
information
included in the
study including:
a. Sample
Size
b. Characteris
tics of
Sample
c. Duration of
Study
d. Locale
e. Others
(Sources)

Delimitations
explains why
some
information
are included
and some are
not as well as
the possible
flaws/limitatio
ns of your
study.
 “Significance of the
Study” includes
people or
organizations that
will benefit in the
study.

1st par – Explain the

Importance your study
2nd par – Main Beneficiary
3rd par – Secondary
Beneficiaries
4th par – Future
Researchers

Difference between Conceptual and Operational Definition:
Conceptual definition provide the general
descriptions of a certain concept. You can
usually see these kinds of definitions in the
dictionary.
Example of OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
A Definition consists of:
1. TERM
2. CLASS OF OBJECT
3. DIFFERENTIATING
CHARACTERISTIC
Operational definition is the researcher’s own
definition of the term or an adaptation of
terminologies from other credible sources.
These kinds of definitions describe how the
term is used in the study.