Lab report 

Mass relationship 
Members
1. Pitchapa Jitsajjapong No. 5
2. Kongkiat Charoenjarasrerk No.4
3. Guy Nitasnopkul No.13
4. Punyapa Titichoatrattana No.19
Abstract
What we have done is the experiment about Stoichiometry which is the study of
quantitative relationships between NaOH and CuSO4 formed by a chemical reaction.
The setting of this experiment is the chemistry laboratory I of MUIDS. We spent 2 days
doing this. The method that we used is catalyzation as a way to ​calculate the reactants
and products in chemical reactions. To finish the experiment faster, we separated our
group into pairs:

- Pichapa Jitsajjapong with Punyapa Titichoatrattana did the experiment of solution

A (NaOH) +B (CuSO4)
- Kongkiat Charoenjarasrerk with Guy Nitasnopkul did the experiment of solution A
(NaOH) +C (CuSO4)

According to the percent yield, the higher the percentage, the greater and accurate the
experiment. The percent yields that we got are ​87.76% for solution A + B and 63.27%
for solution A + C.
The purpose of this experiment is to study and understand the laboratory’s tools and the
method that was used in the experiment. This experiment also lets the student learn
how to use the formula and do the experiment step-by-step.
Introduction
In this lab, we will be doing an experiment about Stoichiometry which is the study
of quantitative relationships between reactants and products formed by a chemical
reaction. We will find the weight of a solid solution and calculate the %yield of the
product. From what we learn, 1 mole is equal to 6.02 ×10^23 (Avogadro number). Molar
mass can be found by adding the atomic mass of each element. Gram can be
converted to a mole by divided by the molar mass, while a mole can be converted to a
molecule by multiple by 6.02 ×10^23. The formula for finding % yield is the actual yield
divided by theoretical yield multiple by 100. Theoretical yield is the amount of product
that would result if all the limiting reagent reacted. Actual yield is the amount of product
actually obtained from a reaction. Furthermore, we have to find an excess reagent and
a limiting reagent within a chemical reaction. Excess reagent is the reagent with a
greater amount than necessary, which is not used up when the reaction is finished. On
the other hand, limiting reagents is completely used up giving the least amount of
products. In this experiment, we will use 2 main molecules which are CuSO4(2.5g),
NaOH(0.2 and 0.6g). Copper Sulfate (CuSO​4​) is a molecule that has a melting point of
200°C and a color off-withe solid. CuSO​4 is very soluble in hot water but soluble in cold
water and is not flammable (Copper sulfate,2018). Sodium hydroxide or NaOH is an
alkali metal. NaOH is a colorless liquid that has more density than water. If you contract
it with bare skin, your skin will become irritated, which is the reason why we need a lab
coat, gloves, and glassware. The color of sodium hydroxide is white and solid in the
form of flakes or granular (Sodium hydroxide,2018). The formula of synthesis of
Cu(OH)​2​ is CuSO​4​*2NaOH → Cu(OH)​2 ​+ Na​2​SO​4​+5H​2​O.
 
 
 
 
Objective
To study and understand laboratory tools and the method that was used in the
experiment and to let the student learn how to use the percent yield and Avogadro
number, that have been studied in class, formula and do the experiment step-by-step.
Material and method

1) CuSO4 solution (Solution A 2.5 g of CuSO4 in 50 ml of water)

2) NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)

3) NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)

4) 100 mL beaker

5) 50 mL graduated cylinder

6) Stirring rod

7) Filter paper

8) Weighing paper

9) Spatula

10) Watch glass

11) Glass Funnel

12) Ring stand & clamp

Experimental (Day 1)

● Preparation of CuSO4 solution (Solution A)

1. Weight 2.5 g of CuSO4 dissolve in 50 mL of water in 100 mL beaker

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes

● Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)

1. Weight 0.2 g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 mins.

● Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)

1. Weight 0.6 g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 mins.

● Synthesis of Cu(OH)2

1. Mix 25 mL of CuSO4 solution (Solution A) with 25 mL of NaOH solution (Solu2on B)

2. S2r for 2-3 minutes

3. Weight the filter paper, and then record it on the data table

4. Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique

5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of the product on beaker) with 10 mL of dis2ll water

6. Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled water for 2
2mes in order to remove Na2SO4 salt

7. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water

8. Carefully remove filter paper with the filtered solid residue to watch glass

9. Dry it overnight in the oven.

10. Repeat steps 1-9 by using 25 mL of NaOH solution by using Solution C instead of
Solution B.

Experimental (Day 2)

11. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product

12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction

Result
The result of solution A+C has a big rich blue shrunk of substance in the middle
of paper and A+B has a splatter litter of the substance around the middle of the paper
and it got a light blue color. A+C has weight around 0.62g and A+B has weight around
0.43g which means that A+C has more weight of substance left on the paper.

Reaction Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid product

solution observation filter paper filter paper the solid observation
(Chemical/ (in grams) + solid product (chemical/
physical) product (in grams) physical)

A+B - Blue 1.51 1.94 0.43 - Dry

change - Little pieces
to be - Stick to the
blueish paper
green

A+C - Dark blue 1.51 2.13 0.62 - Dry

- Dense - Dark blue
(almost
black)
- Little pieces
Discussion
The result that we got supports the hypothesis, which stated that the solution
after being mixed with another solution should give a different result. CuSO​4 is an acidic
salt, while NaOH is a strong base. When mixing them together, a pale blue gelatinous
precipitate of copper hydroxide and sodium sulfate will be formed in a solution. For
mixing solutions A and B, the color will be light blue compared with solutions A and C
because of the lesser amount of NaOH, which is 0.4 g less than solution C. After
evaporating, NaSO​4 ​and 5H​2​0 evaporated and left only Cu(OH)​2 as a product. The solid
product of solutions A and B remains light blue, while that of solutions A and C turns
into black as it decomposes to copper oxide and water. In solutions A and B, NaOH is
limiting reagent which produces 0.24 g of Cu(OH)2, while CuSO4 is excess reagent
producing 0.98 g of Cu(OH)2. On the other hand, when mixing solutions A and C,
NaOH is excess reagent which produces 1.46 g of Cu(OH)2, while CuSO4* 5H2O is
limiting reagent as it produces 0.49 g of Cu(OH)​2​. After calculating %yield, we found out
that percent yield of solutions A and B is equal to 87.76%, while that of solutions A and
C is equal to 126.53%. The reasons for this are an incomplete reaction and inaccurate
measuring the number of solutions during an experiment. We did not have enough time
to finish the filtration and measured the number of solutions inaccurately which resulted
in an inaccurate percent yield.
Calculation
The calculation for mixing solution A and B

The calculation for g Cu(OH)2 by using ​CuSO4* 5H2O 2.5 g

Find Molar Mass
● CuSO4* 5H2O = 63.55+32.06+4(16)+5[2(1.01)+16] = 249.683 g of
CuSO4* 5H2O
● Cu(OH)2 = 63.55+2(16)+2(1.01) = 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

1 mol of CuSO4 5H2O

* 1 mol of Cu(OH)2 97.56 g of Cu(OH)2
1.25 g of CuSO4*5H2O x 249.683 g of CuSO4* 5H2O
x 1 mol of CuSO4* 5H2O x 1 mol of Cu(OH)2
= 0.98 g of Cu(OH)​2

The calculation for g Cu(OH)2 by using ​NaOH 0.2 g

Find Molar Mass
● NaOH = 22.99+16+1.01 = 40 g of NaOH
● Cu(OH)2 = 63.55+2(16)+2(1.01) = 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

1 mol of N aOH 1 mol of Cu(OH)2 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

0.2 g of NaOH x 40 g of N aOH
x 2 mol of N aOH
x 1 mol of Cu(OH)2
= 0.24 g of Cu(OH)​2

The calculation for mixing solution A and C

The calculation for g Cu(OH)2 by using ​CuSO4* 5H2O 2.5 g

Find Molar Mass
● CuSO4* 5H2O = 63.55+32.06+4(16)+5[2(1.01)+16] = 249.683 g of
CuSO4* 5H2O
● Cu(OH)2 = 63.55+2(16)+2(1.01) = 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

1 mol of CuSO4 5H2O

* 1 mol of Cu(OH)2 97.56 g of Cu(OH)2
1.25 g of CuSO4*5H2O x 249.683 g of CuSO4* 5H2O
x 1 mol of CuSO4* 5H2O x 1 mol of Cu(OH)2
= 0.98 g of Cu(OH)​2
The calculation for g Cu(OH)2 by using ​NaOH 0.6 g
Find Molar Mass
● NaOH = 22.99+16+1.01 = 39.997 g of NaOH
● Cu(OH)2 = 63.55+2(16)+2(1.01) = 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

1 mol of N aOH 1 mol of Cu(OH)2 97.57 g of Cu(OH)2

0.6 g of NaOH x 39.997 g of N aOH x 2 mol of N aOH x 1 mol of Cu(OH)2 = 0.73 g of Cu(OH)​2

The calculation for %yield

actual yield
% yield = theoretical yield
x 100

Solutions A and B
0.43
0.24
x 100 = 179.17%

Solutions A and C
0.62
0.73
x 100 = 84.93%

Conclusion
The Cu(OH)​2 happens because of CuSO4 mixes with 2NaOH and %yield of solution
A+B is 179.17% while that of solution A+C is equal to 84.93%. The color of solutions A
and B changes to a rich blue, while that of solutions A and C changes to a light blue
color. In both solution A+B and A+C, CuSO4* 5H2O is an excess reagent.

Reference

PubChem. (n.d.-a). Copper sulfate. Retrieved December 12, 2019, from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24462
PubChem. (n.d.-b). Sodium hydroxide. Retrieved December 12, 2019, from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14798