Summary/abstract

The lab synthesized the product of ​Copper(II) hydroxide by mixing ​2.5g of CuSO₄ ⁰with
0.2 amount of NaOH which is solution A+B. Another solution is formed by combining 2.5g of
CuSO₄ with 0.6 amount of NaOH. After the experiment, we can see that when it is dry, it turns
out to be lighter. We got 0.72g of ​Copper(II) hydroxide from mixing solution A and C which is
heavier than ​mixing ​solution A and B that got 0.32g of ​Copper(II) hydroxide. The percent yield for
both of the solutions is the same which is 150%.

Introduction

In this experiment, we are going to be testing about synthesis. Synthesis is ​the

production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials. ​We will be testing on
Copper Hydroxide or Cu(OH )4 mixing with Sodium Hydroxide or NaOH in different
concentrations. We will filtrate the solution with filtration paper and observe the reaction and the
products of Cu(OH )4 and NaOH in different concentrations.

Object

The objective of this experiment is to be in the process of learning and getting an idea of
how synthesis works.

Material and Method

Material

1. CuSO₄ solution (Solution A 2.5 g of CuSo₄in 50 ml of water)

2. NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
3. NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
4. 100 mL beaker
5. 50 mL graduated cylinder
6. Stirring rod
7. Filter paper
8. Weighing paper
9. Spatula
10. Watch glass
11. Funnel
12. Ring stand & clamp
Method

Preparation of CuSo₄ solution (Solution A)

1.Weight 2.5 g of NaOH₄ dissolve in 50 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution B)

1.Weight 0.2 g of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Preparation of NaOH solution (Solution C)

1.Weight 0.6 of NaOH dissolved in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker.

2. Stir well by using a stirring rod for 2-3 minutes.

Synthesis of Cu(OH)​2

1. Mix 25 mL of CUSO​4 solution

​ (Solution A) with 25 mL of NaOH

Results

Reaction Reaction Weight of Weight of Weight of Solid Percent

solution observation filter paper filter paper + Solid product Yield
solid product product observation

A+B Mint color 1.52g 1.88g 0.36g Completely 150%

dry

A+C Blue color 1.52g 2.24g 0.72g Not 150%

completely
dry yet
Discussion

After the experiment, the results for both solutions which are solution A+B and solution
A+C have come out to be different from each other. The first observation we looked at is the
color. For solution A+B, we can see that the color came out to be mint and for solution A+C, the
color turns out to be blue. The reason why the color is different is that both of the solutions have
different reactants, so it causes the color to be different.

The weight for the filter paper for both of the solutions is 1.52g. Because, when the
weigh the solutions, we weigh it with filter paper, so the first weight that appeared on the
balanced will be the solid product and the filter paper which we got 1.88g for solution A+B and
0.72g for solution A+C. Due to some issues, we can see that while solution A+B is completely
dry, but solution A+C is not completely dry yet. We think that the problem is that we might not
put it in the oven long enough or we might not be able to filter out all the liquid.

The percent yield we got from both of them is 150%. We think that the reasons why we
got the percent yield higher are might cause from weighing the solution inaccurate. We
conclude that 0.2 NaOH is the limiting reagent and 0.6 NaOH is Excess reagent because 0.2
NaOH produces the least amount of C u(OH)2 . It will run out of 0.2 NaOH first which limits the
Cu(OH)2
reaction ( 0.2 N aOH x 1 moles
39.99 x 2 N aOH = 2.5x10 −3 moles Cu(OH)2 ). The process of calculating
the yield percentage is, we want to convert them into C u(OH)2 , so we use the given gram of
C uSO4 and NaOH. We multiply them with moles/molar mass to reduce the gram and then
Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
multiply them with the equation that we set up (for example CuSO₄ and 2 N aOH ). The result is
Cu(OH)2 grams
still in moles, so we multiply them with the result with 1 moles to convert the result into
grams Cu(OH)2 ( 2.5x10−3 x 97.56 g = 0.243 g Cu(OH)2 ).

Calculation
Cu(OH)2
1.25 g CuSO4 x 1 moles
249.7 g x CuSO₄ = 5x10 −3 moles Cu(OH)2

5x10−3 x 97.56 g = 0.484 g Cu(OH)2

Cu(OH)2
0.2 N aOH x 1 moles
39.99 x 2 N aOH = 2.5x10 −3 moles Cu(OH)2

2.5x10−3 x 97.56 g = 0.243 g Cu(OH)2

Cu(OH)2
0.6 N aOH x 1 moles
39.99 x 2 N aOH = 7.5x10 −3 moles Cu(OH)2

7.5x10 −3 x 97.56 g = 0.731 moles Cu(OH)2

Conclusion

In conclusion, the solid results we got from solution A+C are 2.24g which is higher than
1.88g we got from solution A+B. The percent yield we got for both of them is 150% which is
higher than 100% due to some issues when we are doing the experiment.

Reference

Synthesis of copper hydroxide Cu(OH) ₄ Laboratory Sheet