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TRANSVERSE WAVES
EXERCISE (Level-3)
Answer Key & Solution
Question Question Question Question

Solution Solution Solution Solution
Number Number Number Number
1 Click Here 19 Click Here 37 Click Here 55 Click Here
18 Click Here 36 Click Here 54 Click Here
CAREER POINT ______________________________________________________ Transverse waves |1

Sol.1 [B, C, D]
Phase difference of  implies
A and B are out of phase
So, if one is represented by
y1 = a sin t
Other will be represented by
y2 = a sin (2t + )
Clearly their frequencies must be same otherwise phase difference will be time dependent and not .
A and B must move in opposite directions as y1 = asint, y2 = –asint. When one is +ve, other is –ve and
hence the result.

Path difference between A and B = ()
2
 
= () =
2 2
Magnitudewise,
|y1| = |y2| at all instants.
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2 | Transverse waves _____________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.2 [B, C]
y = A sin (10x + 15 t + /3)
The standard equation of a wave travelling in –x direction is
 2 
y = A sin  (t  x )  ()
 
 2 2 
 y = A sin  t x  
   
Comparing it with the given equation we find
2 2
= 15 and = 10
 
1
  = = 0.2 m
5
15 1
 = × = 1.5 m/s
2 5
(B), (C) are correct options
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Sol.3 [C]
Comparing it with
y(x, t) = A cos (t + /2)cos kx

If kx = /2 a node occurs  10x =
2
 x = 0.05 m
If kx = , an antinode occurs
 10x =   x = 0.1 m
Also speed of wave
50
= /k = = 5 m/s and
10
 = 2/k = 2/10 = 0.2 m
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Sol.4 [A, C]
For A transverse sinusodial wave travelling on a string, the maximum velocity is a
 But maximum velocity is
v 10
= 1 m/s
10 10
 a  1  10 3  2f  1
1 103
 f  3
 Hz  
2  10 2
The velocity v = f 
v 10
     3  2  10  2 m
f 10 / 2
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Sol.5 [B, C, D]
0 .8
y(x, t) =
[(4 x  5t ) 2  5]
The shape of pulse at x = 0 and t = 0 would be as shown, in figure (a).
0.16 m
–x (a) x
0 .8
y (0,0) = = 0.16
5
From the figure, it is clear that ymax = 0.16 m
Pulse will be symmetric (symmetry is checked about ymax)
If at t =0
y (x) = y (–x)
From the given equation,
0 .8 
y( x )  
16 x  5 
2
 at t  0
0 .8 
y(  x ) 
16 x 2  5 
y (x) = y(–x)
Therefore pulse is symmetric
Speed of pulse :
At t = 1s and x = –1.25 m
y
y 0.16 m
0.16 m
x=0
x = – 1.25 x t=0
m has travelled a distance of 1.25 m in 1 second in negative x-direction or
Value of y is again 0.16 m, i.e. pulse
we can say that the speed of pulse is 1.25 m/s and it is travelling in negative x-direction. Therefore, it will
travel a distance of 2.5 m in 2 seconds. The above statement can be understood from figure (b).
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Sol.6 [A, D]
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Sol.7 [A, D]
v = 300 m/s and  = 25
v 300
 = = = 12 m
 25
For a path difference of , the phase difference is 2
2  6
For a path difference of 6m, the phase difference is =  rad

The equation of the plane progressive wave is
2
y = A sin (vt + x)

 2 
= 2.5 × 10–5 sin  (300 t  x )
 12 
 2 
Now, y1 = 2.5 × 10–5 sin  (300 t  x )
 12 
 2 
and y2 = 2.5 × 10–5 sin  (300 t  x  6)
 12 
y1 – y2 = 2.5 × 10–5
 2 2 
sin 12 (300 t  x )  sin 12 (300 t  x  6)
 
= 2.5 × 10–5
   
2 cos 12 (600 t  2 x  6) sin 12 (6) = 0
 
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Sol.8 [A, B, C, D]
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Sol.9 [C, D]
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10 | Transverse waves ____________________________________________________ CAREER POINT

Sol.10 [A, B, C]
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CAREER POINT _____________________________________________________ Transverse waves | 11

Sol.11 [A, D]
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Sol.12 [C, D]
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Sol.13 [A, B, D]
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Sol.14 [A, C, D]
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Sol.15 [A, B, C, D]
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Sol.16 [A, B]
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Sol.17 [A, C]
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Sol.18 [B, C]
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Sol.19 [C, D]
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Sol.20 [C, D]
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Sol.21 [A, B, C, D]
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Sol.22 [A, C, D]
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Sol.23 [B, C, D]
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Sol.24 [A, B, C, D]
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Sol.25 [A, C]
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Sol.26 [A]
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Sol.27 [A]
 54 
As v = n =   × 10 = 9 m/s
 60 
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Sol.28 [A]
Reason correctly explains assertion
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Sol.29 [A  P,Q ; B  P, Q, T ; C  R,S ; D  R,S,T]
Maximum instantaneous power  A2f2
Average power  A2f2
 When A increase average power and maximum instantaneous power increase and when A decrease both
get decrease.
v
f = v 
f
if f change then  change as speed(v) is constant.
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Sol.30 [A  Q ; B  P ; C  P ]
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Sol.31 [A  Q ; B  R,T ; C  P ; D  S,T]
At t = 0 y = – 2 sin 4x
t = 0 snap shot
y v
x = /8
x=0 x
particle at x = 0 is moving upward

 acceleration is opposite to displacement so it is downward.
A  Q,S

Particle is at and x = At its extreme point it’s acceleration is toward mean portion so it is upward.
8
B  R,T
At x = 0 y = 2 sin 3t
y
x = /3

At t = , y=–2
3
It is at its extreme downward position so now it is moving upward and its acceleration is toward mean
position so acceleration is in upward direction.
 
t = , x=
3 8
  
y = 2sin  3   4  
 3 8
 
= 2 sin     = 2
 2
particle at its extreme position.
D  S,T
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Sol.32 [A  Q,S ; B  P,R,T ; C  Q,T ; D  P,R,S]
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Sol.33 [A  P,Q ; B  P,S ; C  P,R]
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Sol.34 [A  P,R,S,T ; B  S,T ; C  Q,S,T ; D  P,R,S,T]
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Sol.35 [A]
The string will regain its shape after the pulse has travelled forth and returned back to its original position.
Total distance covered
= 20 + 20 = 40 cm
Speed of wave = v = 20 cm/s
40
 Time taken = = 2 second
20
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Sol.36 [B]
Velocity of transverse wave on string
T
=v=

T
20 × 10–2 =
10 – 3
0 .5 
10 – 2
T = 400 × 10–4 × 0.5 × 10–1

= 200 × 10–5 N = 2 × 10–3 N
= 2 mN
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Sol.37 [D]
v 20
= = 4 Hz
 5
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Sol.38 [A]

Given Data A = 0.1 m,  = m,  = 4rad/s
4
wave is travelling in –ve x-direction
So, Standard wave equation
y = A sin (t – kx') …(1)
2 2
from given data k = = =8
 
m
4
 = 4rad/s, t' = t – 1, x' = x – 2
put the values in above equation.
y = 0.1 sin [4(t – 1) + 8(x – 2)]
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Sol.39 [C]
y = 0.1 sin [4(t – 1) + 8(x – 2)] ….(i)
dy
speed of particle v =
dt
v = 0.1 × 4 cos [4 (t– 1) + 8 (x– 2)] ….(ii)
Put the value x = 2m, t = 1 sec
v = 0.1 × 4 cos [4 (1 – 1) + 8(2 – 2)]
0.1 × 4 × cos 0 = 0.1 × 4
= 0.4 m/sec
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Sol.40 [B]
4
J/s
3
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Sol.41 [B]
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Sol.42 [A]
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Sol.43 [C]
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Sol.44 [A]
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Sol.45 [C]
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Sol.46 [B]
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Sol.47 y1 = 15 sin (3t – 5x);
y2 = 15 sin (3t + 5x)
Net displacement = y1 + y2
= 15 [sin (3t – 5x) + sin (3t + 5x)]
 
= 152 sin 3 t  5x  3t  5x   3t  5x  3t  5x 
 cos 
  2   2 
= 30 sin 3t cos5x
= (30 cos 5x) sin 3t
So amplitude of resulting wave is given by
A = 30 cos 5x
At x = 21 cm = 0.21 m we have
A = 30 cos 5 (0.21) = 30 cos (1.05 rad)
= 14.91 cm
dy
Velocity = v = = 30 cos 5x cos 3t × 3
dt
1
at t = 10 s and x = 21 cm
9
91
v = 90 × cos 5 × 21 cos 
3
91
= 90  cos 105 rad cos
3
= 90 × 3.14 × (– 0.24) × 0.5
= 33.91 cm/s
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Sol.48 (a) Given equation of wave is
2
x t 
  
y= Ae  a T 
ex is dimensionless
So, dimensions of a = M0LT0
dimensions of T = M0L0T
Dimensions of A = Dimensions of y = M 0 LT 0
(b) Now, equation of wave can be written as
2
 x 
1 / T 2  t  
y= Ae  a/T 
comparing it with general equation

 x
y = f  t   we get
 v
a
v=
T
(c) Wave is travelling is +ve x-direction as per
 x
y = ft   represents wave travelling in + ve x-direction
 v
(d) Putting t = T in the given equation
2
x 
 1 
A
y= Ae  a  = 2
x 
 1 
e a 
2
x 
 1 
y is maximum when e a  minimum
2
x 
 1 
Now minimum value of e a  =1
x
which occurs when  1  0 
a
 x =–a
Hence maximum of pulse at t = T
occurs at x = – a
Putting t = 2T in the given equation,
2
x 
  2  A
y= Ae  a  = 2
x 
 2 
e a 
2
x 
 2
y is maximum when e a  is minimum
2
x 
 2  x
Now minimum value of e a  = 1 which occur when  2 = 0  x = – 2a
a
Hence maximum of pulse at t = 2T occurs
when x = – 2a
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Sol.49 The displacement equation is
x
g(x,t0) = A sin  
a
The displacement at x at time t0 is the same as displacement at x – v(t – t0) at time t – t0.
 x  v( t  t 0 ) 
f(x, t) = A sin  
 a 
Above represents the general wave equation
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Sol.50 (a) Given equation of wave is,
 x t 
y = (1.0 mm) sin    
 2 . 0 cm 0 . 01s
1 x t 
= sin 2    cm
10  4 0.02 
Comparing it with,
x t 
y = a sin 2    we get
 T
 = 4 cm, T = 0.02 s
dy
(b) Velocity of particle =
dt x  constant
1 x t    2 
vp = cos 2    
10  4 0.02   0.02 
2 x t 
vp = cos 2   
(0.02)(10)  4 0.02 
So for particle at x = 1 cm, t = 0.01 sec
2  1 0.01 
v= cos 2   
(0.02)(10)  4 0.02 
2  1
=  cos 2   
0 .2  4
 
= – 10  cos    = 0
 2
(c) For particle at x = 3 cm, t = 0.01 sec
3 0.01 
v = – 10  cos2   
4 0.02 
1
= – 10 cos 2  
4

= 10 cos =0
2
For particle at x = 5 cm, t = 0.01s
5 0.01 
v = – 10  cos 2   
4 0.02 
3
= –10  cos   
4
3
= – 10  cos =0
2
For particle at x = 7 cm, t = 0.01s
7 0.01 
v = – 10  cos 2   
4 0.02 
5
= – 10 cos 2  
4
5
= – 10 cos
2
=0

(d) For particle at x = 1 cm at t = 0.011 sec
1 0.011 
v = 10  cos 2   
4 0.02 
= – 10  cos 2(– 0.3)
= – 10  cos (– 0.6)
= – 10  cos (0.6)
= – 10  cos (108°)
= – 10  (– sin18°)
= 10  sin 18°m = 31.4 × 0.3090
= 9.7 cm/s
For particle at x = 1 cm at t = 0.012 sec
1 0.012 
v = – 10  cos 2   
4 0.02 
= – 10  cos (–0.7 )
= – 10  cos (0.7 )
= – 10  cos 126°
= – 10 (– sin 36°)
= 10  sin 36° = 10  (0.5878)
= 18.456 cm/s
For particle at x = 1 cm at t = 0.013 sec
1 0.013 
v = – 10 cos 2    – 10 cos 2 (– 0.25) = – 10 cos 144°
4 0.02 
= – 10 (–sin 54°) = 10 (0.8090) = 25.4026 cm/s
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Sol.51 The linear mass density is
510 3 kg kg
 = 2
 1.0  10 2
5010 m m
The wave speed is
v= F/
Thus, the tension is
F = v 2
 kg  m2
=  1.0  10 2   6400 2
 m s
 64 N
The Young‘s modulus is given by
F/A
Y=
L/L
The extension is, therefore,
FL
L 
AY
(64N )(0.50m)
=
6
(1.0  10 m 2)  (16  1011 N / m 2 )
= 0.02 mm
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Sol.52  = 0.4 m, m = 0.01 kg (for string)
k = 160 N/m, x0 = 0.01 m (for spring)
1cm
Here, at point A, Tension = T = Kx0

At each point of string tension will be the same
F Kx 0
 v= =
 m/
160  0.01
= = 64
0.01 / 0.4
= 8 m/s
 Time taken by pulse to reach the spring
 0 .4
= = = 0.05 sec
v 8
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Sol.53 Tension in wire AB has to support a weight of (3.2 + 3.2)g N
 TAB = 6.4 g
Tension in wire CD has to support a weight of 3.2 g
 TCD = 3.2g
Speed of transverse wave pulse in AB
TAB 6 .4 g
= =
 AB 10  10 – 3
= 64  10  0.8 = 79 m/s
Speed of transverse wave pulse in CD
TCD 3 .2 g
= =
 CD 8  10 – 3
32
=  10 2  9.8
8
 63 m/s
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Sol.54 F.B.D. of block
T
2g
As block is at rest T = 2g
Tension at each point of string will be the same velocity of transverse wave in the string
T
=

2g
=
4.5  10 3 / 2.25
2  2.25  10  10 3
=
4 .5
= 100 m/s
 Time taken by wave at the floor to reach pulley
2.25
= = 0.0225 sec
100
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Sol.55 The equation of wave is
y = (5 mm) sin (1.57 cm–1 x) sin (314s–1 t)
Here, amplitude of vibration of particle at any point x is given by
y = (5 mm) sin(1.57 cm–1 x)
So at x = 5.66 cm
Amplitude = 5 sin (1.57 × 5.66) mm
 
= 5 sin   5.66 
2 
  
= 5 sin  2.5   = 5 cos
 3 3
= 2.5 mm
K = 1.57 cm–1,  = 314s–1
2
= 1.57

2
 = = 4 cm
1.57
 314  10 –2
v= = = 2 m/s
K 1.57
2 = 314
314
v= × 100 = 50 Hz
2  3.14
Now, we have,
y
vp = = 5sin(1.57x) (314)cos314t
t
So for particle at x = 5.66 cm and t = 2 sec
vp = 5 sin (1.57 × 5.66) 314 cos 628
 
= 1570 sin  2.5   cos2 × 100
 3

= 1570 × cos × cos 2 (100)
3
1
= 1570 × × 1 = 785 mm/s
2
= 78.5 cm/s
The nodes occur where amplitude is 0
x
sin 1.57 x = 0  = n
2
x = 2n cm
So nodes occur at x = 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm and antinodes occur at x = 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, 7

cm, 9 cm (distance between nodes and antinodes is )
4
And there are in all 5 loops.
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Sol.56
mg
Let length of wire be 
So frequency
n F h F
= 1 = =
2  2 m/
n F
=
2 m
Now when temperature rises by t°C then
1 = (1 + t)
F(1  t ) n
So, new frequency = 2 = .
m 2
 2  1
So fractional change in frequency =
1
n F(1  t ) n F

2 m 2 m
=
n F
2 m
= 1  t – 1 = (1 + t)1/2 – 1
1 1
=1+ t – 1 =  t
2 2
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Sol.57 [amax = 5 mm, to the third overtone]
Y1 = A sin (kx – t)
Y2 = A sin (t + kx)
Y = Y1 + Y2 = 2A sin kx cos t
amplitude of standing wave
/4 x2
A B C
15cm
x1
A(x) = 2 A sin kx
3.5 mm = 2A sin (kx1) …(1)
Now, if B is taken origin then BC wave is
y = 2A cos(kx2)
0.35 mm = 2A cos [k(7.5cm)] …(2)
from (1) and (2)
sin kx1 = cos kx2 or sin 1 = cos 2

it is possible only when 1 = 2 =
4

So, kx1 = kx2 =
4

put in equation(1) 3.5 mm = (2A) sin
4
Amax = 2A = 3.5 × 2 mm = 4.949 mm
= 5.0 mm

Now we know, kx1 = kx2 =
4

So, kx2 =
4
2 
× (7.5 cm) =
 4
 = 8 × 7.5 cm = 60.0 cm

Now, ×n=
2
60
× n = 120
2
n =4
So, third overtone.
Top

Sol.58
9 kg
Here,  = 1 m, T = 9g N
 = 750 Hz
m = 9 kg
We have,
1 T
1 =
2 
T
= 2 

or 1 = 2 × 750 × 1 = 1500 m/s
5
Now, when the weight is submerged in liquid of density than that of weight
9
 5  4
T =  V  V  g = Vg = 4g
 9  9
(V = m)
1 4g
2 =
2 
1 9 3
 = =
2 4 2
2 2
 2 = 1 = × 750 = 500 Hz
3 3
F 4g g
and v= = = 2
  
2 9g 2 2
= = v1 = × 1500
3  3 3
= 1000 m/s
Top

v
Sol.59 (a) 0 = or v = 20
2
v = 2 × 200 × 1 = 400 ms–1
T
(b) v=

r 2  Stress stress
= =
r  density
2
density
Stress = v2 = (400)2 × 8000

= 1.28 × 109 Nm–2
(c) Acceleration = 2 × displacement
Maximum acceleration = 2A (A = amplitude)
800 = (2 × 200)2A
800 0.02
A= = m
4  200  200
2
4 2
Top

1 T 1 100
Sol.60 = =
2  2  0 .5 
1 81
and  =
2  0 .5 m
 10
= . Obviously  > 
' 9
Since the tuning fork (frequency = N) beats equally with n and n, we must have
n – N = 5 and N – n = 5
n = N + 5 and n = N – 5
10 N5
= or 10 N – 50 = 9 N + 45
9 N 5
N = 95 Hz
n = N + 5 = 95 + 5 = 100 Hz
1 100
=
2  0 .5 
 = 10–2 kg m–1
10–2 =  (10–3)2  (m = r2)
 = 3183 kg/m3
Top

Sol.61 (a) y = 0.4 sin (0.314x) cos (600t)
= 0.2 [2sin (0.314x) cos (600t)]
= 0.2 [sin(0.314x + 600t) + sin (0.314x – 600t)]
= 0.2 sin (0.314x + 600 t) + 0.2 sin(0.314x – 600t)
= 0.2 sin (0.314x + 600t) + 0.2 sin (600t – 0.314x + )
Thus the given stationary wave is formed
by superposition of the progressive waves
y1 = 0.2 (0.314x + 600t)
and y2 = 0.2 sin (600 t – 0.314 x + )
Comparing each wave with standard wave equation of progressive wave we have,
2
y = a sin (t – x + )

a = 0.2 cm,  = 600 
 2 = 600   = 300 Hz
2
(b) = 0.314

2 2  3.14
 = = = 20 cm
0.314 0.314
 20
Distance between nodes = = = 10 cm
2 2
So nodes are located at 0, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm,.....
But as string is fixed at both ends and vibrating in third harmonic, so
No.of loops = 3
Hence position of nodes = 0, 10, 20, 30, cm
(c) Length of string = L = n × distance between nodes = 3 × 10= 30 cm
(d) From part (a)
2 2(3.14)
= 0.314   = = 20 cm
 0.314

Speed of each wave =
k
600
= ( = 3.14)
0.314
= 6000 cm/s= 60 m/s
Top

Sol.62 Here, initial length of wire = 100 cm = 1m = 1
Initial frequency of wire = 1 = 256 Hz
Mass of wire = m = 0.001 kg
m 0.001
So,  = = = 0.001 kg/m
 1
1 T1
Now, we have  =
2 
1 T1 10
256 = 3
= 10T1
2  1 10 2
256  2
= 10 T1  10 T1 = 2621.44
10
T1 = 262.144 N
So, mg = b Vg = 262.144 N
Now when submerged in water,
2 = 0.94 m
T2 = (M – WV)g,  = 256 Hz
1 T2
Now, we have,  =
2 2 
1 ( m   W V )g
256 =
2(0.94) 10 – 3
256 × 2 × 0.94 = ( b   W )Vg  10 3
481.28 = (T1  10 3 Vg )10 3

231630.4384 = (262.144 – 103 × 10V) × 103
231.63 = 262.144 – 104 V
V = 30.514 × 10–4 m3
262.144
So, b = = 8.591 × 103 kg/m3
30.514  10 3
10 3 g
= 8.591 × 103 ×
10 6 cm 3
= 8.591 g/cm3
Top

T1 8  36 d1 r 4
Sol.63 = , 1 = , = 1 =
T2 1 2 35 d 2 r2 1
1 1
=
2 2
Now, 1 = 360 Hz (Given), aao
1 T1
1 2 1 
=
2 1 T2
2 2 
360  T1 r22  2
= 2 
2 1 T2 r12 1
360 35 1
= 8 2
2 36 16
360  36
2 = = 370.28 Hz
35
Beat frequency = 2 – 1 = 370.28 – 360

= 10.28 Hz
Top

1
Sol.64 Stress = Y × Strain = Y ×
100
2  1011
=
100
= 2 × 109 
T (tension) = r2 × Stress = r2 × 2 × 109
m = r2 = r2 (7700)
1 T 1 r 2  2  10 9
0 = =
2  2  1.5 r 2  7700
= 170 Hz
Top

Sol.65 Here, 0 = 0.4 m, m = 0.0032 kg, = 220 Hz
A = 10–6 m2, 0 = 0.4005 m, Y = ?
1 F
We have, 0 =
2 0 
1 Y /  0
220 =
2 0 m / A 0
1 Y  A 0
=
2 0 m 0
Y  0.0005  10 6 1
220 = ×
0.0032 2  0 .4
176 = Y  0.15625  10 –6
30976 = Y × 0.15625 × 10–6
30976
Y= × 106
0.15625
= 1.98 × 1011 N/m2
Top

Sol.66 [1]
Top

Sol.67 [2]
Top

Sol.68 [9]
Top

Sol.69 [300 Hz]
L
4
According to equation
 
= =
4 4
In the next higher mode, such that P is again at maximum displacement.
L
So, there are 6 loops
P T
So, n=
2 
Now, all are constant except P and n

So, n P
n 2 P2

n1 P1
6
 n2 = × 100 = 300 Hz
2
Top

Sol.70 [9]
Top

Sol.71 [9]
Top

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TRANSVERSE WAVES

Question Question Question Question

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particle at x = 0 is moving upward

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T = 400 × 10–4 × 0.5 × 10–1

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comparing it with general equation

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Here, at point A, Tension = T = Kx0

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Speed of transverse wave pulse in AB

Speed of transverse wave pulse in CD

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