ALGEBRA TUTORIAL

Laws of Exponents
A. Power of product of the same base: in multiplying two or more powers of the base - add
their exponents
a. 𝑎𝑚 .𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛+𝑚
B. Power of Power : in raising a power to another power multiply their exponents
a. (𝑎𝑛 )𝑚=𝑎𝑛𝑚
C. Power of quotient of the base : in dividing one power of a specified base by another
power of the same base subtract their exponent
𝑎𝑚
a. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 − 𝑛
D. Power of Product : Raise each factor to the specified exponent
a. (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑚
E. Power of Fraction : raise both numerator and denominator to the specified exponent
𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
a. (𝑏 ) = 𝑏𝑚

Laws of Radicals

•
𝑛
√𝑎^𝑛 = 𝑎
•
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎. √𝑏
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
• √𝑏 = 𝑛 where b≠ 0
√𝑏
•
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
√ √𝑎 = √𝑎
Special Products and Factoring

A. Type 1 The Product of the Sum and Difference of Two Terms

a. (a+b)(a-b) = a² - b²
B. Type 2 Square of a Binomial
a. (a+b)² = a² + 2ab +b²
b. (a-b) ² = a²-2ab + b²
C. Type 3 Product of Two Binomials
a. (ax+b)(cx+d) = acx²+(ad+bc)x+bd
b. FOIL Method
i. F- First terms of two binomials
ii. O -Outer terms of two binomials
iii. I- Inner terms of two binomial
iv. L - Last term of two binomials
D. Type 4 Cube of a Binomial
a. (a+b)³ = a³+ 3a²b+3ab²+b³
b. (a -b)³ = a³-3a²b+3ab²-b³
E. Type 5 Square of a Trinomial
a. (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ac
F. Type 6:Difference of Two Cubes
a. a³ -b³ = (a-b)(a²+ab-b²)
b. a³ +b³ = (a+b)(a²-ab-b²)

Quadratic Formula and Properties of Roots

- Ax²+Bx+C

Sum or Roots = -B/A

 Product of Roots = C/A

Trigonometric Identities

• For any right triangle, there are six trigonometric ratios

• Special Angle Trigonometric Ratios

• Pythagorean Theorem - c²=a²+b²

• Sin and Cos (Sum and Difference of Angles)
o sin (A+B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
o sin (A-B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
o cos (A+B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
o cos (A-B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
o sin (2A) = 2 sin A cos A
o cos (2A) = cos² A – sin² A
• Pythagorean Identities