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Volume 4 Issue 1, December 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1047
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Table1: Conventional and Renewable Power Sources
S. No. Conventional Renewable
Coal, nuclear, oil, Wind, solar, biomass geothermal,
1.
and natural gas and ocean
2. Fully matured technologies Rapidly developing technologies
Numerous tax and investment subsidies Some tax credits and grants available from some federal
3.
embedded in national economies and/or state governments
Accepted in society under the ‘grandfather Being accepted on its own merit, even with limited
4.
clause’ as necessary evil valuation of their environmental and other social benefits
The PV array is composed of solar modules. Each module contains a matrix of solar cells connected in series and parallel to
satisfy the terminal properties of the whole generator. Accordingly, the solar cell is the basic element in the PV generator. This
element is the basic solar radiation converter into electricity.
Perturb and observe is probably the most commonly utilized MPPT method. The basic premise for P&O is to continually
perturb or alter the power converter’s operating point and then to observe or sense the ensuing effects. In other words, the
settings within the converter are changed so that the solar panel’s voltage and current are changed. Then, the system senses the
panel’s voltage and current to see if its power has increased or decreased. Subsequently, the algorithm makes a decision on
how to further adjust the converter’s settings. Typically, the settings that are modified are either a reference voltage or the duty
cycle. In Fig.3, the P&O flowchart is presented in order to understand the finer details of this algorithm.
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1048
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulations are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software for tracking MPPs of the solar PV array whose parameters are
in Table 2.
c
2
1
Breaker1
Timer1
Discrete , iL
Ts = 5e -005 s.
Goto2
powe rgui
+ i A +
-
Ipv
p B -
i1
Goto4
From i2
i Goto1 Universal Bridge1
+ L1
- Goto5
L2
g i i
+ - + - +
+
+
Vpv v - A
s
-
-
B
+ vc
Insolation Ipv v +
C - v -
Goto6
Step
25 Temp
In1
Temp
PV model vg
Subsystem vg
i2
Goto
i1q
i1d
i1
iL
Ipv
Vpv
Measurements Scope7
The solar PV panel provides a maximum output power at a MPP with VMPP and IMPP.
The parameters used for the simulations of the power converter and the electrical system are given in Table 2.
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1049
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Vg(V)
100
0
-100
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
i2(A)
50
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
i1q(A)
7
6
5
4
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
i1(A) i1d(A)
-22
-24
-26
502.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
5
iL(A)
0
-5
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
ipv(A)
8.852
8.846
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Vdc(V)
250
100
0
-100
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
50
iL(A) i1(A) i1d(A) i1q(A) i2(A)
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
5
0
-5
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
-17
-20
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
50
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
5
0
-5
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
ipv(A)
8.8499
250
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
Fig. 6: System response when load is switched ON/OFF and OFF/ON
V g (V )
100
0
-100
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
50
i2 (A )
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
i1 d (A ) i1 q (A )
12
10
8
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
-16
-18
-20
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
50
i1 (A )
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
5
iL (A )
0
-5
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
10
ip v (A )
8
6
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
250
V d c (V )
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
Fig. 7: System response under insolation variations
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1050
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
The simulation results of single-phase grid-integrated SPV systems show different observed variables, namely, grid current i2 ,
grid voltage vg , converter current components (i1d and i1q ), Load current (iL), converter current (i1), dc bus voltage Vdc, SPV
array current (IPV), and grid power (Pg). Four tests under linear and nonlinear load were carried out, namely, load power
variation, insolation variation, load switching ON/OFF and OFF/ON, and SPV-APF to APF transition mode. Figs. 5–9 show the
obtained simulation results.
Vg(V)
100
0
-100
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
50
0
-50
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
5
0
-5
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
10
8
6
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Vdc(V)
250
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
Fig. 8: System response when insolation is switched ON/OFF
250
200
V d c (V )
pq control
100
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
250
dq control
200
V dc (V)
100
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
LQR Control
V d c(V )
250
100
0
2.9 2.95 3 3.1 3.05
3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3
Time (s)
Fig. 9: Dynamic response under insolation variations
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1051
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
VI. CONCLUSIONS [8] S. Pradhan, I. Hussain, B. Singh, and B. K. Panigrahi,
A robust LQR scheme for a single-stage multifunctional SPV- “Modified VSSLMS-based adaptive control for
APF-LCL is implemented in Matlab simulation. The improving the performance of a single stage PV-
simulation results show the good performance of the integrated grid system,” IET Sci., Meas. Technol., vol. 11,
proposed controller in steady state and dynamic response pp. 388–399, 2017.
and small settling time and overshoot are obtained.
[9] S. Rahmani, K. Al-Haddad, and H. Y. Kanaan, “Two
PWM techniques for single-phase shunt active power
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29786 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 1052