A

Acute angle
An angle less than 90 degrees.

Addition
The process of combining collections of objects into a larger
collection.

Algebra
A strand of mathematics that substitutes symbols or letters for
unknown numbers.

B
Bar chart
A graph in which the information is summarised into columns for easy
comparison. Bar chart and column graph are interchangeable terms.

Base
The side of a 2D shape or face of a 3D object that is considered on
the bottom of that shape.

Bisect
To cut in half.

C
Congruent
The same size and the same shape.

Cube
A cube is a square prism, which is a particular type of prism with
faces that are all congruent squares. It has 6 faces, 12 edges and
8 corners (or vertices).

Cylinder
A three-dimensional (3D) object with two circular bases that are
opposite each other in position and are the same size and same shape.

D
Decagon
A polygon with 10 straight sides and 10 interior angles. If all sides
and angles are equal, it is called a regular decagon. If not, it is
called an irregular decagon

Decimal
A fraction that is made by dividing a whole into tenths (10 equal
parts), hundredths (100 equal parts) or thousandths (1000 equal
parts). A fraction uses a decimal point when written.

Denominator
The number below the line in a fraction that shows the number of parts
a whole has been divided into.

E
Equation
A mathematical statement using the equal sign to show one side has
the same value as the other side.

Equivalent
Has the same value.
Estimate
A type of measure which uses non-standard units such as hand spans,
footsteps or pattern blocks to measure length, area, etc.

F
Factor
A factor of a given number is a whole number that divides into it
exactly.

Flip
Turn over to give the mirror image – a reflection.

Fraction
A fraction is one or more parts of a whole that has been broken into
equal parts.

A fraction is shown by putting one number over another with a dividing

line between them.

G
Globe
A perfectly round 3D object. Globe and sphere are interchangeable
terms.

Graph
A visual way of showing a collection of information.

Grouping
Putting objects together in groups helps to understand
multiplication and division. Groups contain the same number of items
or objects.

H
Hefting -
Holding objects to judge weight.

Heptagon
A polygon with 7 edges and 7 angles. If all sides and angles are equal,
it is called a regular heptagon. If not, it is called an irregular
heptagon.

Hexagon

A polygon with 6 edges and 6 angles. If all sides and angles are equal,
it is called a regular hexagon. If not, it is called an irregular
hexagon.

I
Interval
Part of a line that has a definite start and end point.

Infinite
Describes a set which is not finite. Formally, a set is infinite if
it can be placed in one-to-one correspondence with a proper subset
of itself.

Integers
All positive and negative whole numbers (including zero). That is,
the set {... , –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. Integers are indicated
by either or J.

J
Jointly Proportional
When we say z is jointly proportional to a set of variables, it means
that z is directly proportional to each variable taken one at a time.

If z varies jointly with respect to x and y, the equation will be

of the form z = kxy (where k is a constant).

Jump Discontinuity
A discontinuity for which the graph steps or jumps from one connected
piece of the graph to another. Formally, it is a discontinuity for
which the limits from the left and right both exist but are not equal
to each other.

Justification
A definition, postulate, or theorem which enables a conclusion to
be drawn.

K
Kite
A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides that are congruent.
Note that the diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.

Kilo
Is a unit prefix in metric system denoting multiplication of unit
by thousand.

Knot
Is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852
km/h (approximately 1.15078 mph or 0.514 m/s).

L
Least Common Multiple
The smallest positive integer into which two or more integers divide
evenly. For example, 24 is the LCM of 8 and 12. Sometimes the LCM
is written using brackets: [8, 12] = 24.

Line Segment
All points between two given points (including the given points
themselves).

Line
The geometric figure formed by two points. A line is the straight
path connecting two points and extending beyond the points in both
directions.

M
Magnitude
The amount of a quantity. Magnitude is never negative.

Measurement
The process of assigning a number to a physical property. Examples
of measurement include length, size of an angle, area, volume, mass,
time, etc.
Midpoint
The point halfway between two given points.

N
Numerator
The top part of a fraction. For 12\47, the numerator is 12.

Non-Adjacent
Not next to.

Null Set
The set with no elements. The empty set can be written or {}.

O
Object
An object has 3 dimensions – length, width and depth.

Obtuse angle
An angle measuring between 90° and 180°.

Octagon
A polygon with 8 straight sides and 8 angles. If all sides and angles
are equal, it is called a regular octagon. If not, it is called an
irregular octagon.

P
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.

Perimeter
The distance around the outside of a plane figure. For a polygon,
the perimeter is the sum of the lengths of the sides.

Parallel Lines
Two distinct co-planar lines that do not intersect. Note: Parallel
lines have the same slope.

Q
Quadrants
The four sections into which the x-y plane is divided by the x- and
y-axes.

Quadrilateral
A polygon with four sides.

Quotient
The result of dividing two numbers or expressions.

R
Ray
A part of a line starting at a particular point and extending
infinitely in one direction.

Radius
The length of a line segment between the center and a point on the
circle or sphere.

Ratio
The result of dividing one number or expression by another. Sometimes
a ratio is written as a proportion, such as 3:2 (three to two). More
often, though, ratios are simplified according to the standard rules
for simplifying fractions or rational expressions.

S
Second
A unit of angle measure equal to of a minute. There are 60 seconds
in one minute and 3600 seconds in one degree. Seconds are indicated
using the " symbol, so 12°45'33" means 12 degrees, 45
minutes, and 33 seconds, or degrees.

Sphere
A three dimensional solid consisting of all points equidistant from
a given point. This point is the center of the sphere. Note: All
cross-sections of a sphere are circles.

Speed
Distance covered per unit of time. Speed is a nonnegative scalar.
For motion in one dimension, such as on a number line, speed is the
absolute value of velocity. For motion in two or three dimensions,
speed is the magnitude of the velocity vector.

T
Triple
Multiply by three.

Triangle
A polygon with three sides.

Trapezoid
A quadrilateral which has a pair of opposite sides which are parallel.
The parallel sides are called the bases, and the other two sides are
called the legs.

U
Union of Sets
Combining the elements of two or more sets. Union is indicated by
the ∪ (cup) symbol.

Undecagon
A polygon with eleven sides.

Uncountable
Describes a set which contains more elements than the set of integers.
Formally, an uncountable infinite set is an infinite set that cannot
have its elements put into one-to-one correspondence with the set
of integers.

V
Variable
A quantity that can change or that may take on different values.
Variable also refers to a letter or symbol representing such a
quantity.

Vertex
A corner point of a geometric figure. For a polygon, vertices are
where adjacent sides meet. For an angle, the vertex is where the two
rays making up the angle meet.
Volume
The total amount of space enclosed in a solid.

W
Wavelength
The period of a sinusoid. Note: This term is not typically used in
a mathematics setting.

Whole Numbers
The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.

Washer
The region between two concentric circles which have different radii.

X
X-Axis
The horizontal axis in the plane.

X-Intercept
the point at which a line crosses the x-axis.

X
Roman numeral for 10.
Y
Y-Axis
The vertical number line in a coordinate graph. The line in the
coordinate plane, usually vertical, or in space, containing those
points whose first coordinates (and third, in space) are 0.

Yard
A unit of length in the U.S system of measurement equal to 3 feet
or 36 inches.

Y-intercept
The y-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the y-axis.

Z
Zero
The number which indicates no quantity, size, or magnitude. Zero is
neither negative nor positive.

Zero Dimensions
The property of a point that indicates no motion is possible without
leaving that point. Formally, saying a point has zero dimensions means
that the only vector contained on the point is the zero vector.
Zero angle
An angle whose measure is zero.