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Fuel Delivery system-Gasoline Engine

The fuel delivery system supplies fuel to the engine. It also has the functions
to remove trash or dust and to regulate the volume of fuel supply.

1. Fuel Tank 3. Fuel filter 5. Fuel Injector


2. Fuel Pump 4. Pressure regulator 6. Fuel tank cap
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 1
Fuel pump
Fuel is pumped from the fuel tank and deliver it to engine. The fuel pump is run by
the motor maintaining a fixed pressure in a fuel line.
There are two types of fuel pump:
1. In-tank type ( located inside the
tank)
2. Inline type (located in the middle
of the fuel pipe)

There are different ways in which


a pump is driven; the EFI system 1. Motor
uses an electrically driven pump. 2. Turbine type impeller

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 2
Electronic Fuel Injection
Fuel that is injected from the fuel injector mixes with air, and the mixture is sent to
the cylinder. To achieve an optimal air-fuel mixture ratio, the ECU (Electronic
Control Unit) regulates the injection timing and injection volume. The injection
volume is regulated by the duration of injection.
Getting signals from the ECU the coil pulls on the
plunger and opens the valve to inject the fuel.

1. Fuel Injector 2. Intake port

3. Nozzle 4. O-ring 5. Valve 6. Coil 7. Plunger 8. Grommet


Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 3
Fuel Injection types in gasoline engine
Port Injection type Direct Injection type D-4 (Direct
Injection 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine)

3. Combustion chamber
In a D-4, fuel is injected directly into
the combustion chamber. Therefore, this
1. Injector 2. Piston system can regulate the timing and
4. Intake port
volume of fuel injection precisely. The
piston head has been designed in a
In port injection type the fuel is
special shape to facilitate the mixing of
injected into the intake manifold
air and fuel in the combustion chamber.
where it mixes with air.
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 4
Fuel Filter and pressure regulator
Fuel filter is preventing contamination in the fuel before being pumped into the
injectors. The filter is used to remove the contamination and therefore it should be
replaced at regular intervals.

1. Fuel filter (Case integrated type)


3. Pressure regulator 2. Fuel pump assembly

Pressure regulator maintain a stable fuel


supply by regulating the fuel to a set pressure.

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 5
Intake system-gasoline engine
Intake system provides the
necessary volume of clean air to
the engine.
1. Air cleaner 2. Throttle body
3. Intake manifold

The air cleaner contains air cleaner element to


remove dust and other particles from the air
while introducing external air into the engine.
An air cleaner element must be cleaned or
4. Air cleaner element replaced at regular intervals.
5. Air cleaner case
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 6
Types of air cleaner

1. Pre-air cleaner
Uses the centrifugal effect of the air that is
generated by the rotational movement of the 2. Oil bath type air cleaner
fins to the dust from the air. Filters the air through an air cleaner
The dust is then sent to the dust trap, and element made of metallic wool,
the air is sent to another air cleaner. which is soaked with oil stored in the
bottom of the air cleaner case.

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 7
Types of air cleaner and its elements

3. Cyclone type air cleaner


1. Paper type- that is most widely used on
Remove debris such as sand
automobiles.
through the centrifugal effect of
the air swirl created by fins, and 2. Fabric type - that contains a washable
catches small dust particles element made of fabric.
through an air cleaner element 3. Oil bath type -A wet type that contains an
made of paper. oil bath.
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 8
Throttle body
The throttle valve uses a cable to operate in unison with the accelerator pedal
located in the vehicle interior, in order to regulate the volume of air-fuel mixture
that is draw into the cylinder. When the accelerator pedal is depressed, the throttle
valve opens to draw in a large volume of air and fuel, resulting in increased engine
output.

An ISCV (Idle Speed


Control Valve) is also
provided, in order to
regulate the volume of air
during idling or when the
engine is cold.

1. Accelerator pedal 2. Throttle cable 3.Throttle valve 4. ISCV


Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 9
ISCV (Idle Speed Control Valve)
The ISCV regulates the volume of air that flows through the bypass that is
provided in the throttle valve, to constantly control the idling speed at an
optimum level.

Stepping motor type

1. Valve
2. Rotor
3. Coil 1. ISCV 2. Throttle body 3. Throttle valve
4. Bypass
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 10
ETCS-i (Electronic Throttle Control System-intelligent)
The ETCS-i, which converts the accelerator pedal operation into electric
signals, uses an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to control the opening and
closing of the throttle valve by actuating a motor in accordance with the driving
conditions. Therefore, there is no throttle cable to link the accelerator pedal
with the throttle valve.

1. Throttle control motor

2. Throttle valve

3. Accelerator pedal position


sensor

4. Throttle position sensor

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 11
Intake manifold
An intake manifold consists of several
pipes that supply air to each cylinders.
ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction
System) uses an ECU to actuate a control
valve that changes the effective length of
the intake manifold. By changing the
length of the intake manifold, this system
improves the intake efficiency of all
engine speed ranges.

1. Control valve
2. Intake chamber

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 12
Turbo-charging and Supercharging
A turbo charger is the device to compress the intake air by the energy of exhaust
gas and transmits the high-density mixture into the combustion chamber to
increase the generating power. When the turbine wheel turns with the energy of
the exhaust gas, the compressor wheel the connected with the shaft on the
opposite side, transmits the compressed intake air to the engine.

A super-charger drives the compressor


through the crankshaft to the drive belt
directly, and increases the volume of the
intake air. 1. Turbine 2. compressor
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 13
Fuel Delivery system-Diesel Engine
The fuel delivery system of the diesel engine injects highly pressurized fuel into a
combustion chamber in which air has been compressed to a high pressure.

1. Fuel Tank 3. Injection pump


2. Fuel Filter with sedimenter 4. Injection nozzle
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 14
Fuel Filter-diesel engine
Fuel filter removes dust and water
from fuel to protect the injection pump
and injection nozzles that contain
precision parts.
Dust and water must be removed from
the fuel to prevent the injection pump
from seizing or rusting as the injection
pump is lubricated with diesel fuel.

1. Priming pump is a manual pump


that is used for bleeding air from the
fuel line after the vehicle has run out of
fuel, or discharging the water that has
accumulated in the sedimenter.
2. Filter is used to remove contamination from the fuel.

3. Sedimenter separates water from the fuel.

Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 15
Assignment questions
Q1. Find out the type of fuel tank type, fuel filter type, air cleaning system type
used in the newest model of Suzuki Mehran (or Wagon-R), Toyota Corolla,
and Honda City.
Q2. Why turbocharging is preferred in bigger displacement volume engines?
Q3. Why fuel filter efficacy is more crucial in GDI engines compared with
carburetor engines.
Q4. Which type of fuel tank is used in Bus engine (Hino bus to be consulted)?
Q5. Explain the role of charcoal canister in fuel system.
Q6. Why double barrel is used in carburetor?
Q7. What is the role of Air fuel ratio in the performance of engine?
Q8. What is meant by volumetric efficiency and how it effects engine
performance?
Q9. Define Pump and Turbine and give examples of them used in vehicle.
Introduction to Automotive Systems by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid Hashmi (Lecture 4- Fuel delivery and intake system) 16

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