Sie sind auf Seite 1von 1

• __

Tan Chong v. Secretary of  11th  day  of  April 1899, regardless of their alien parentage, are 


citizens  thereof,  the  amendatory Act of Congress of 23 March 
Labor (1947)  1912  empowering  the  Philippine  Legislature  to  provide  by 
legislation  for  the  acquisition  of  Filipino  citizenship  by  those 
-​-------------------------------------------------------​-  natives  excluded  from  such  citizenship  by  the original section 
4 of the Philippine Bill, would be meaningless. 

IMPORTANT FACTS  
 
—  ​Under  the  Philippine  Bill  of  1902  as  amended  1912, the SC 
—  ​W/N  the  SC  should  apply  the  principle  of  jus  solis  (stare  opined:  The  petitioner,  born  of  alien  parentage,  is  not  a 
decisis)  or  the  principle  jus  sanguinis  (in  accordance  to  the  citizen of the Philippine Islands. 
applicable  existing  law  of the time) in deciding the citizenship 
 
of the petitioner, who is a native born but has a chinese father 
—  ​Tan Chong, on the ground that he, being a native of -​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
the Philippines, of a Chinese father and a Filipino
mother Aznar v. Comelec (1990) 
-​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
—  QUOTING  A  RELATED  CASE:  ​the  Court  hastened  to  add 
another  ground  in  support  of  the  pronouncement  that 
RATIO / RULINGS  
petitioner  Roa  is  a  Filipino  citizen,  and  for  that reason entitled  —  RENOUNCING  OF  FILIPINO  CITIZENSHIP  MUST  BE  EXPRESSED 
When We consider that the renunciation needed to lose Philippine citizenship
to  land  and  reside  in  the  Philippines.  The  additional  ground is  must be "express", it stands to reason that there can be no such loss of
that  the  petitioner’s  father  having  died  in  China  in  1900,  his  Philippine 'citizenship when there is no renunciation either "'express" or
mother  reacquired  her  Filipino  citizenship  which  he  being  "implied".
under  age  followed  upon  the  death  of  his  father.  The  —  DUAL  ALLEGIANCE  1987  ONWARDS  ONLY,  AWAITS 
concluding  pronouncement  in  the  decision  of  the  case  is, as  EXECUTION  ​1987  Constitution  that  "dual  allegiance  of  citizens 
follows:chanrob1es  virtual  1aw  library  The  nationality  of  the  is  inimical  to  the  national  interest  and  shall  be  dealt  with  by 
appellant  having  followed  that  of  his  mother,  he  was  law"(Art.  IV,  Sec.  5)  has  no  retroactive  effect.  Be  it  noted 
therefore a citizen of the Philippine Islands on July 1, 1902, and  further  that  under  the  aforecited  proviso,  the  effect  of  such 
never  having  expatriated  himself,  he  still  remains  a  citizen  of  dual  citizenship  or  allegiance  shall  be  dealt  with  by  a  future 
this country.  law. Said law has not yet been enacted. 
 
—  QUOTING  A  RELATED  CASE: ​It appears that the petitioner in   
the  first  case  was  born in San Pablo, Laguna, in July 1915, of a  -​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
Chinese  father  and  a  Filipino  mother,  lawfully  married,  left for   
China  in  1925,  and  returned  to  the  Philippines  on  25  January 
1940.  The  applicant  in the second case was born in Jolo, Sulu, 
on 8 May 1900, of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother.XXXX 
Co v. HRET (1991) 
they are presumed to be lawfully married.   -​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
- Considering that the common law principle or rule of 
jus  soli  obtaining  in England and in the United States, 
as  embodied  in  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  IMPORTANT FACTS  
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  has  never  been  —  ​Election becomes material because Section 2 of Article
extended  to  this  jurisdiction  (section  1,  Act  of  1  July  IV of the Constitution accords natural born status to children
1902;  sec.  5, Act of 29 August 1916); considering that  born of Filipino mothers before January 17, 1973, if they
the  law  in  force  and  applicable  to  the  petitioner  elect citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. There is
and  the  applicant  in  the  two  cases  at  the  time  of  no dispute that the respondent's mother was a natural born
their  birth  is  ​sec.  4  of  the  Philippine  Bill  (Act  of 1 July 
Filipina at the time of her marriage. Crucial to this case is
1902),  as  amended  by  ​Act  of  23  March  1912, which 
the issue of whether or not the respondent elected or chose
provides  that only those "inhabitants of the Philippine 
Islands  continuing  to  reside  therein  who  were  to be a Filipino citizen. 
Spanish  subjects  on  the  11th  day  of  April,  1899;  and   
then  resided  in  said  Islands,  and  their  children  born 

RATIO / RULINGS 
subsequent  thereto,  shall  be  deemed  and  held  to 
be  citizens  of  the  Philippine  Islands,"  ​we  are  of  the 
opinion  and  so  hold  that  the  petitioner  in  the  first  —  ​We have jurisprudence that defines "election" as both a
case  and  the  applicant  in  the  second  case,  who  formal and an informal process. Exercise of the right of
were  born  of  alien  parentage, ​were not and are not,  suffrage when he came of age, constitutes a positive act of
under said section, citizens of the Philippine Islands.  election of Philippine citizenship  
- me:  Before  1973  constitution,  the  wife  loses 
citizenship  by  marriage  to  foreigner,  this  could  be  -​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
the  reason  why  the  children  takes  on the citizenship   
of the father in the mentioned cases.   
 
 
 

RATIO / RULINGS  
 
 
—  ​This  decision  does  not  divest  of  their  Filipino  citizenship   
those  who  had  been  declared  to  be  Filipino citizens, or upon 
whom  such  citizenship  had  been  conferred,  by  the  courts 
because of the doctrine or principle of res adjudicata.  
Mercado v. Manzano (1999) 
  -​-------------------------------------------------------​- 
 
—  ​If all the native inhabitants residing in the Philippines on the 

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen