Three Weeks of Valve Discussion

Pressure Control
Flow Control`
Directional Control
Load Holding
Many Combinations
PRESSURE CONTROL
VALVES
 Pressure Controls
• Relief
• Sequence
• Reducer
• Reducer/Reliever

Something all of these

valves have in common...
SPRINGS
Something these valves
usually have in common...
SICV (screw in cartridge valve)
3
Consider the following circuit:

4
Shift the directional valve to extent the load:
What pressure will lift
the load?
𝑃 = 𝐹/𝐴
𝑃 = 35,000/12.56

𝑃 = 2787psi

5
Add a Relief Valve to relieve
the pump flow when the
cylinder bottoms out. What
should the valve be set at?

3000psi?

6
Relief Valves relieve excess “unsafe” pressure/flow
• Normally closed devices
• Limit or regulate pressure (safety)
– Most Hydraulic Systems have at Least 1
• Pump Pressure
• Load Induced Pressure
• Pressure Spikes

• Many variations to meet application requirements

• How they work
•System pressure is at up stream port
•Spring tries to hold valve closed
•System pressure tries to overcome spring force
•Arrow indicates spring preload is adjustable
•Drain line indicates down stream pressure is
additive to cracking pressure

7
 Direct Acting Relief

• Lapped, metal on metal seat

• Essentially zero leak
• Dirt tolerant
• Very fast response (2msec)
• Difficult to adjust under pressure
• Higher pressure rise with flow
• Viscosity insensitive
• May be underdamped (chatter)
• Therefore…Might be noisy
• Least expensive

8
 Pilot Operated, Balanced Piston Relief

Pilot

• Notice the pilot operator in the symbol

• Notice the two springs in the valve
• Accurate pressure control
• Low pressure rise with flow
• Smooth and quiet
• Moderate response time
• Viscosity sensitive
• Susceptible to silting
9
 Pilot Operated or Two Stage
Balanced Piston Relief
Pilot Stage

20 psi Spring

Main-Stage
Balanced Balance
Piston Orifice

Line Mount Valve

Figure 10-3 A Balanced piston, pilot operated relief valve
10
 980 psi spring setting

To System
1000 psi
20 psi spring
Valve Setting

From Pump To System

800 psi system pressure

To Reservoir

Figure 10-4 Pressure is balanced across the piston

11
 Pilot Valve Poppet

1000 psi
Valve Setting

Pilot Stage Flow Path

980 psi system pressure

From Pump To System

12
 1000 psi
Valve Setting
Pilot Stage
Flow Path 980 psi pilot Stage Pressure

From Pump 100 psi System Pressure

1000

To System

Main System Flow

13
 Pilot Operated, Balanced Poppet Relief

Pilot Drain
• Combines features of pilot operated and direct acting
• Smooth and quiet pressure regulation
• Very low leakage
• Dirt tolerant
• Adjustable under pressure
• Very fast response
• Eliminates erosion cavity damage

14
Dynamic Review of Relief Valves

15
Relief Valve Response Comparison
Direct Pilot Operated
Bal. Spool

Pilot Operated Anti Shock

Bal. Spool
w\ Poppet

16
Anti-Shock Relief Performance

17
 Pilot Operated, Balanced Poppet, Soft Relief

The soft relief valve effectively eliminates damaging

pressure spikes and also limits the degree of force
changes (jerk) on system components. Thus it may be
possible to increase the system pressure without the
need to strengthen any components. These valves can
be applied in place of an ordinary relief valve to
provide protection for, and enhance the life of, pumps,
motors, hydrostatic drives and sensitive, costly
components such as precision test gauges and
transducers. They also can be used as a start-up valve
for small pumps.
http://www.youtube.com Search: Anti Shock Relief
18
 Ventable, Pilot Operated, Reliefs

3rd Port

• A pilot operated relief valve with a vent port that is

connected between the main piston and pilot stage
• Vent provides for remote control with other pilot reliefs or
two-way valves by short circuiting the pilot stage
• If port 3 is blocked – valve operates as a standard relief
• If port 3 is open – valve opens (1-2) at a very low
pressure
• If port 3 is pressure controlled, valve acts like a two
stage valve with remote control
19
Vented Relief in Unloading Application (pg 250)

20
Multiple Pressure Circuit w\ Vented Relief

21
 Direct Acting, Pilot Stage Relief

To Secondary
• Remotely controls pressure setting System To System

of other pilot operated valves

• Capacity limited to pilot flow— Remote
Control or 2nd
should only be used with valves System
Pressure
with comparable pilot flows
• Fast response
• Great reseat pressure

22
 Remote, Pilot Operated, Balanced Piston Relief

LSTA Manifold Installation S-Series Concrete Mixer

23
LSTA Manifold

24
LSTA Manifold

25
26
Thermal Relief Valve

27
Thermal Relief Example

28
Burst Disk Relief Example

29
 Pilot Operated, Kick-Down Relief

• Acts similar to a circuit breaker

• When P1 reaches valve setting, valve `kicks’ open
• Valve remains open as long as P1 exceeds P2
• To reset valve flow must cease
• Same general characteristics as a pilot operated
relief valve

An example of a kick down relief circuit…

Rock Crusher, Big Bolder, over pressure, instead of

breaking something, kick’s down, notifying the
operator who then backs the rock out.
30
Electrohydraulic Relief Cartridge (Pilot Flow)

31
Standard & Inverse Proportional Pilot Relief Valve

Standard

Inverse

32
33
Electro-Proportional Relief Valve – Two Stage

34
 Relief Valve Comparison

Which relief valve should I use?

Type of Cost Response Pressure Hysteresis Dirt Internal Noisy Stability Adjustable Viscosity
Relief Override Tolerant Leakage Under Press Sensitivity

Direct Lowest Fastest Highest 8-10% Best Least Potentially Could be Difficult Least
Acting (2msec) Unstable Sensitive

Pilot Medium Slowest Least 1% Least Yes Quiet Stable No Problem Sensitive
Operated (10msec) (Best)
Spool

Pilot Medium Fast Low 2-3% Good Minimal Quiet Stable No Problem Somewhat
Operated (7msec)
Poppet

Soft Shift Highest No Spikes Low Least Yes Quiet Stable No Problem Somewhat

35
Relief Valve Characteristics

36
Actual Relief Valve Curves

37
Examples

38
 Port Reliefs

P3(G3)
P1(G3)/
P2(G3)
A B
A B

T T

P P

39
Port Relief Examples

40
 Pressure Controls – Sequence (pg254)
• Normally closed devices used to control a sequence of actions (similar
to a relief valve with separate drain line)
• Valve setting is not sensitive to down stream pressure (due to port 3
being vented)
• Vent port may be to atmosphere or tank (tank is most common)
• Typically supplies flow to a secondary circuit once the pressure at the
inlet port exceeds the setting of the valve
• Can be used as a relief if back pressure is present in system
• Can be used as a directional valve if port 3 is blocked (valve will stay
closed regardless of setting.

41
 Sequence Valves

• Normally closed pressure control valves

• Similar construction to relief valves
• Unlike relief valves, sequence valves generate a constant
pressure at the inlet port irrespective of the pressure on the
outlet port (port 2). This function is achieved by draining the
spring chamber separately to tank.
• Setting of valve controls the pressure at port 1 relative to
drain pressure at port 3
42
Sequence Circuit Example (pg 255)

43
Direct Acting with Reverse Flow Check Sequence

• Most Sequence Valves incorporate an integral check valve to

provide reverse flow from port 2 (sequence) to port 1 (inlet).

44
Sequence Circuit Example
Sequence to Extend
Sequence to Retract

45
 Pilot Operated, Balanced Piston Sequence

• Similar construction to the PO relief valve

• Setting of valve controls the pressure at port 1 relative to drain
pressure at port 3
• Insensitive to back pressure at port 2 – can be used to regulate
pressure in place of a two port relief valve if there is pressure in
the return line

46
Example of Sequence
Used as Relief Valve

Improve
Slide, Full
Circuit, 2
pages or
more

47
 Pressure Controls – Reducing
• Normally open valves
• Reduce a high primary pressure at the inlet (port 2) to a
controlled educed pressure at port 1
• The reduced pressure is determined by the spring adjustment
plus any pressure at port 3 (adjustment spring chamber drain)
• Reverse flow from port 1 to port 2 may cause the valve to
completely shut – use a separate check for reverse free flow

48
 Reducing Valve Circuit Example
High Pressure Low Pressure

Improve circuit, add

actuators, colors
and example

49
 Reducing Valve Circuit Example (pg220)
High Piercing
Pressure

Low Clamp
Pressure

Figure 10-16 Direct acting pressure reducing circuit

50
COPYRIGHT C (2001) EATON CORPORATION
H G
E M
M T
T
T C
r
a
A
n
4
e
51
 Pressure Control - Reducing/Relieving
• Reducer/Relievers add the function of a full flow pressure relief valve
• Valves are normally open, modulating devices
• Under a backflow condition, valve relieves pressure at port 1 through
port 3 when relief setting is met

52
Reducer/Reliever Characteristics

53
Electro-proportional, direct-acting,
Pressure reducing/relieving valve

54
55
Direct Acting Reducer/Reliever

56
Direct Acting Reducer/Reliever
Controls EMIVT Clutches

57
Direct Acting Reducer/Reliever
Controls Full Flow DCVs

58
Direct Acting Reducer/Relievers

59
Summary - Four Types of Pressure Control Valves
Relief
Normally Closed
Senses Upstream Pressure
Typically Used as Safety Valve
Sequence
Normally Closed
Senses Upstream Pressure
Typically Used in Sequential Circuits
Pressure Reducing
Normally Open
Senses Downstream Pressure
Typically Used in Lower Pressure Branch Circuits
Pressure Reducing & Relieving
Normally Open (with EE Control can be either NC or NO
Senses Downstream Pressure
Relieves Load Induced Pressure

60
Pressure Control Valves
are useful in Mobile
Circuits. 25 in this vehicle
alone!
61