1.

__________-process by which waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism
2.__________ -The maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations.
3.__________ -Epithelial tissue whose functions include secretion, selective absorption
4.__________ -Nitrogenous waste found in aquatic organisms that ispoisonous and highly toxic in terrestrial organisms.
5.__________ -Nitrogenous waste that is water soluble and relatively has a low toxicity level if used by terrestrial organisms.
6.__________ -Nitrogenous waste that is water insoluble and usually found in insects and birds.
7.__________ -the measure of solute concentration
8.__________ -marine invertebrate that maintains its internal salinity such that it is always equal to the surrounding aquatic environment
9.__________ -active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's fluids to maintain the homeostasisstenohaline
10._________ -Able to tolerate a wide range of salinity
11._________ -Able to tolerate only a narrow range of salinity
12._________ -Substance that protects sharks from the nitrogenous wastes that they release
13._________ -an ametabolic state of life entered by an organism in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation
14._________ -an ametabolic state in organism
15._________ - a sugar molecule that helps organisms such as the water bear (tardigrade) to reach an ametabolic state without comprising their cells.

Differentiate these terms: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Give the parts of the kidney where these processes occur.

Give the function of the given structures below (how they act as organs of osmoregulation). Give representative species of these structures.

protonephridia/flame- bulb systems/flame cells

nephridiopores
nephrostome
Malpighian tubules
Gills
Salt glands

Give the function of the following structures in the formation of urine in mammals.

Liver
Kidneys
Urine
Urinay bladder
urethra
nephrons
glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle (thick and thin descending, elbow and ascending)

What is the function of these hormones in urine formation in mammals?

renin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
aldosterone

How does dialysis work in maintaining normal body osmolarity?

Define the following. Give real life situation where these processes are used

torpor
estivation
hibernation
shivering thermogenesis
non-shivering thermogenesis

Why is the use of cold blooded and warm blooded animals a misconception?