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The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed house.
Crying is a present participle, formed by adding -ing to the present form of the
verb (cry). Exhausted is a past participle, formed by adding -ed to the present
form of the verb (exhaust). Both participles modify the subject, children. All
present participles end in -ing. The past participles of all regular verbs end in -ed.
Irregular verbs, however, have various past participle endings—for instance,
thrown, ridden, built, and gone.
Jenny waved the torch over her head, making a great ring of white light.
The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed
house.
Crying will not get you anywhere.
Whereas the participle crying modifies the subject in the first sentence, the
gerund crying is the subject of the second sentence.
I don't like crying in public unless I'm getting paid for it.
I don't like to cry in public unless I'm getting paid for it.
In the first sentence, the gerund crying serves as the direct object. In the second
sentence, the infinitive to cry performs the same function.
Answer Key
1. Gerund: In this sentence, the words singing and laughing function as
nouns, making them gerunds.
2. Infinitive: You can tell that to dance is an infinitive because "to" precedes
the word "dance."
3. Gerund: The verbal breaking serves as a noun. It is also the object of the
preposition of.
4. (Past) participle: Implied in this sentence is the verbal phrase, that has
been preceding the verbal, broken, making it a past participle, which
indicates something that happened and was completed in the past.
5. (Present) participles: Loving and caring are actions that are occurring in
the present, making these verbals present participles.
6. Gerund: Laughing is a noun making it a gerund.
7. Infinitives: The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because it's
a verb preceded by to.
8. Gerund: Dying is used as a noun in the sentence.
9. Infinitive: To succeed is an infinitive—a verb preceded by to.
10. Gerund: Succeeding is a noun here; indeed, it is the subject of the first
sentence, making it a gerund.
https://www.thoughtco.com/identifying-verbals-in-english-grammar-1689699