Subject Title : Creative Writing Hours : 80

Semester : Second Quarter : III & IV

CONTENT CONTENT CODE TIME BUDGET
STANDARDS
UNIT I- CREATIVE WRITING The learners have an
understanding of

HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Iab-1 2 hours
1.1 Imaginative writing vs. technical /
academic / other forms of writing

1.2 Sensory Experience HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Iab-2

imagery, diction, 1 hour
1.3. Language figures of speech, HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Iab-3
a. Imagery and variations on HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Iab-4
b. Figures of speech language 1 hour
c. Diction HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Iab-5
1 hour
1.4. Sample works of well-known local
and foreign writers
2 hours

(ACTIVITY/WORKSHEET/EXERCISES)
1 hour

(8 hours)
UNIT II- READING & WRITING
POETRY The learners have an
understanding of
2. 1 Elements of the Genre HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f6 1 hour
a. Essential Elements
a.1 Theme
a.2 Tone

b. Elements for Specific Forms poetry as a genre and HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f7 2 hours

b.1 Conventional Forms how to analyze its
(exemplar: Short Tagalog elements and
poems like tanaga and techniques
diona; haiku; sonnet)
-rhyme and meter
-metaphor
b. 2 Free verse HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f8 2 hours
- the line and line break
-enjambments
-metaphor
c. Other experimental texts HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f9 2 hours
c.1 typography
c. 2 genre-crossing texts (e.g
prose poem, performance poetry,
etc)
d. tone

2.2 Techniques and literary HUMSS_CW/MP11/12c-f10 2 hours

devices (modelling from well-
known local and foreign poets)

ACTIVITY (POETRY WRITING)

2 hours
(11 hours)
UNIT I What is CREATIVE WRITING?

This is also known as 'the art of making things up,' creative writing is a vital part of modern society.
 Traditionally referred to as literature, creative writing is an art of sorts - the art of making things up. It's
writing done in a way that is not academic or technical but still attracts an audience.  Though the definition
is rather loose, creative writing can for the most part be considered any writing that is original and self-
expressive.

PURPOSES OF CREATIVE WRITING

1. Entertainment- made to amuse or give enjoyment to the readers which may be used to bring
mystery, suspense, comedy or drama
2. Information-provides useful or interesting facts or knowledge.
3. Persuasion- effort to change the opinions, actions, or beliefs of the audience.
4. Channeling Emotion- spark an emotional trail going into your writing

CREATIVE WRITING versus OTHER FORMS OF WRITING

IMAGINATIVE WRITING- This is a mode of writing characterized by inventiveness of situation, perspective

or story. The term is often used synonymously with “creative writing”.

NARRATIVE WRITING-Often, the word narrative is synonymous with story. A narrative is the story (fiction
or non-fiction) told and the order in which it is told. Sometimes, there is a narrator, a character or series of
characters, who tell the story. Sometimes, as with most non-fiction, the author himself/herself in the
narrator.

EXPOSITORY WRITING-refers to a form of writing that informs or explains the topic in a chronological
order. This style of writing encompasses a main idea along with the supporting facts and figures and a
conclusion. The main objective of expository writing is to inform the readers about something informative or
to expose about the truth with the help of evidences. In this form of writing, the texts are written in a specific
order so as to give a better clarity to the readers.
JOURNALISM-form of writing that tells people about things that really happened, but that they might not
have known about already.

People who write journalism are called "journalists." They might work at newspapers, magazines, websites
or for TV or radio stations.

TECHNICAL WRITING-specialized form of written communication done on a certain job or certain fields
with specialized vocabularies such as engineering, technology, and health sciences. This is a type of
writing where the author is writing about a certain subject that requires, direction, instruction and
explanation.

BUSINESS WRITING- is a type of writing that seeks to elicit a business response. It's a purposeful piece of
writing that provides relevant information to help a reader know something or do something. It must
be substantive, clear, correct, and easy to scan.
 TYPE EXAMPLES CHARACTERISTICS
CREATIVE WRITING Poems, drama, fiction/stories connotative and expressive
words, fictional characters,
imagery and plots
NARRATIVE/EXPRESSIVE Narratives, descriptions Subjective, based on personal
WRITING experiences, connotative and
expressive
EXPOSITORY WRITING Comparison/contrast, analysis, Objective, connotative and
cause/effect, denotative words
argument/persuasion
JOURNALISM News stories, features, editorials Objective, written from factual
observation, short sentences and
paragraphs, some connotative
but more denotative words
TECHNICAL WRITING Manuals, company documents, Objective, written about products
reports, web page or services, short sentences and
paragraphs, denotative words
BUSINESS WRITING Memo. Email, business letters, Objective, written in clear and
announcements simple language, denotative
words

SENSORY EXPERIENCE

SENSORY EXPERIENCE is the apprehension of an object,

thought, or emotion through the senses; active participation in
events or activities, leading to the accumulation of knowledge
or skill.Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and
taste. Writers employ the five senses to engage a reader's
interest. If you want your writing to jump off the page, then
bring your reader into the world you are creating.

Sensory details are used in any great story, literary or not. Think about your favorite movie or video game.
What types of sounds and images are used? What do your favorite characters taste, smell, and touch?
Without sensory details, stories would fail to come to life.
When sensory details are used, your readers can personally experience whatever you're trying to describe,
reminding them of their own experiences, giving your writing a universal feel. A universal quality is
conveyed when the writer is able to personally connect with the readers.

Example Text: Paragraph Without Sensory Detail

Grandmother Workman reached over and grabbed her grandson’s arm. He was nervous because the
staircase was so steep, but she leaned against him and they began to climb.

Comment: These are the beginning sentences of a paragraph that describes a boy helping an elderly
woman up a flight of stairs. The scene seems simple enough, but it leaves the reader with many
unanswered questions. Without the inclusion of sensory detail, the writing seems vague and non-specific.
How might the author use descriptive detail to make the scene more vivid?

Writing Guide Using Sensory Details

ADD SIGHT :Visual details are often successfully incorporated

into writing. Details that appeal to our sense of sight ensure that
the reader is able to give faces to characters, or add concrete
details to a setting.A visual description allows readers to place
themselves within a text. These help accomplish through
encouraging the reader to create a mental image of the
characters, setting, and action.

ADD SOUND: The human sense of hearing is an important means of

communication. Next to visual details, auditory details are most
commonly included in writing. This is because sounds give us a primary
experience of the world. Sounds can remind us of personal memories, or
can create images in our minds.Sounds recreate personal, sensory
experiences. The addition of auditory details gives the writer the
opportunity to create a more detailed, layered, texture.

ADD SMELL: The sense of smell is commonly

overlooked in writing. However, it is the human
sense of smell that is most closely linked to the
brain. The receptors in the brain responsible for
processing smells are very close to the area of the
brain responsible for the storage of memory.
Because of this link, scents are able to cause vivid
sensory recreations of memories. Our sense of smell
has an uncommonly strong power over our feelings,
thoughts, and emotions.
 ADD TOUCH: The sense of touch encourages us to investigate
the world around us by feeling it and learning the texture,
shape, and size of things. Tactile images can be powerful
sensory triggers. They allow a reader not only to visualize a
scene, but to experience it. Inclusion of the sense of touch
prevents the reader from remaining distanced or detached from
the writing. Through recalling familiar tactile sensations, the
writer encourages the readers to put themselves in the place of
the characters.

ADD TASTE: The human sense of taste allows a person to do

much more than simply select and enjoy food. There are four
familiar tastes: SWEET SALTY BITTER SOUR. By appealing
directly to any of these tastes, a writer has the unique opportunity
to affect a reader’s senses. Memories, feelings, people, and
places can all be suggested through the sense of taste.

LANGUAGE USE IN CREATIVE WRITING

Rich language in writing is very important as it attracts reader’s attention and helps to retain them. In every
language, there exist idiomatic expressions; phrases people use to pass messages across indirectly. The
meanings of these phrases often surpass the words in which they appear.Connotations when used in
writing will make the language rich as well. They are things that words and phrases imply in addition to their
primary or literal meaning.

A. IMAGERY
In writing, imagery is the key that can unlock a reader’s imagination. When an image is rendered
with the right combination of words, it magically appears in the reader’s mind like a photograph or film
clip.Imagery is a literary device that will help you create powerful and meaningful descriptions that resonate
in the minds of your readers. The primary goal when using imagery is to make your words come to life
much like a photograph captures a moment. Essentially, imagery creates the scene and context that helps
connect the dots. The 5 types of imagery are : Visual (sight), Auditory (hearing), Olfactory (smelling),
Gustatory (tasting), Tactile (touching)

Guidelines in Creating Powerful Imagery in Writing

1. Paint the image in small bites. Never stop your story to describe. Keep it going, incorporating vivid
images, enlarging the action, and putting the dialogue in context.
2. Incorporate images into action.
3. See through the character’s eyes. Hear through her ears. When you can, use the character’s
senses instead of the author’s. It’s called character point of view.
4. Use the tiny but telling detail.
5. Choose action-bearing verbs.
6. Choose action-bearing non-verbs.
7. Invent fresh viewpoints.
8. Create an image without saying so.

B. FIGURE OF SPEECH
 Using figurative language is an effective way of communicating an idea that is not easily understood
because of its abstract nature or complexity. ... Writers of prose and poetry use figurative language to elicit
emotion, help readers form mental images and draw readers into the work.Figurative language plays a
major role in compelling literary works. Figurative language is a contrast to literal language. Its primary
purpose is to force readers to imagine or intuit what an author means with an expression or statement.

1. Alliteration: The repetition of an initial consonant sound. Example: She sells seashells by the seashore.
2. Anaphora: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
Example: Unfortunately, I was in the wrong place at the wrong time on the wrong day.
3. Antithesis: The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. Example: As Abraham Lincoln
said, "Folks who have no vices have very few virtues."
4. Apostrophe: Directly addressing a nonexistent person or an inanimate object as though it were a living
being. Example: "Oh, you stupid car, you never work when I need you to," Bert sighed.
5. Assonance: Identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. Example: How
now, brown cow?
6. Chiasmus: A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but
with the parts reversed. Example: The famous chef said people should live to eat, not eat to live.
7. Euphemism: The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. Example:
"We're teaching our toddler how to go potty," Bob said.
8. Hyperbole: An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or
heightened effect. Example: I have a ton of things to do when I get home.
9. Irony: The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation
where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. Example: "Oh, I love
spending big bucks," said my dad, a notorious penny pincher.
10. Litotes: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by
negating its opposite. Example: A million dollars is no small chunk of change.
11. Metaphor: An implied comparison between two dissimilar things that have something in common.
Example: "All the world's a stage."
12. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is
closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things
around it. Example: "That stuffed suit with the briefcase is a poor excuse for a salesman," the manager
said angrily.
13. Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they
refer to. Example: The clap of thunder went bang and scared my poor dog.
14. Oxymoron: A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.
Example: "He popped the jumbo shrimp in his mouth."
15. Paradox: A statement that appears to contradict itself. Example: "This is the beginning of the end," said
Eeyore, always the pessimist.
16. Personification: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human
qualities or abilities. Example: That kitchen knife will take a bite out of your hand if you don't handle it
safely.
17. Pun: A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar
sense or sound of different words. Example: Jessie looked up from her breakfast and said, "A boiled egg
every morning is hard to beat."
18. Simile: A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar
things that have certain qualities in common. Example: Roberto was white as a sheet after he walked out
of the horror movie.
19. Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole. Example: Tina is
learning her ABC's in preschool.
20. Understatement: A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem
less important or serious than it is. Example: "You could say Babe Ruth was a decent ballplayer," the
reporter said with a wink.

C. DICTION
Diction can be defined as style of writing, determined by the choice of words by the writer. Diction, or
choice of words, often separates good writing from bad writing. It depends on a number of factors. Firstly,
the word has to be right and accurate. Secondly, words should be appropriate to the context in which they
 are used. Lastly, the choice of words should be such that the reader understands easily.Proper diction, or
proper choice of words, is important to get the message across. On the other hand, the wrong choice of
words can easily divert listeners or readers, which results in misinterpretation of the message intended to
be conveyed.

8 Different Types of Diction in Writing

Different styles of diction impact how different ideas are expressed. There are eight common types

of diction:

1. Formal diction. Formal diction is the use of sophisticated language, without slang or

colloquialisms. Formal diction sticks to grammatical rules and uses complicated syntax—the

structure of sentences. This elevated type of language is often found in professional texts,

business documents, and legal papers.

2. Informal diction. Informal diction is more conversational and often used in narrative

literature. This casual vernacular is representative of how people communicate in real life,

which gives an author freedom to depict more realistic characters. Most short stories and

novels use informal diction.

3. Pedantic diction. This is when a writer is highly detailed or academic in their writing. Words

are chosen specifically to convey only one meaning. It is sometimes used in literature when

characters speak in a highly educated manner, as in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.

4. Colloquial diction. Colloquial words or expressions are informal in nature and generally

represent a certain region or time. “Ain’t” and “y’all” are examples of colloquial expressions,

born in rural areas of the United States. Colloquialisms add color and realism to writing .

5. Slang diction. These are words that originated within a specific culture or subgroup but

gained traction. Slang can be a new word, a shortened or modified word, or words that take on

a new meaning. Examples of common contemporary slang words are “aggro” instead of

“aggravated”; “hip,” which means trendy; and “throw shade,” which is to lob an insult at

someone.

6. Abstract diction. This is when a writer uses words to express something intangible, like an

idea or an emotion. Abstract phrases often lack physical detail and specificity because they

are things the reader cannot experience through their five senses.

7. Concrete diction. Concrete diction is the use of words for their literal meanings and often

refer to things that appeal to the senses. The meaning is not open to interpretation because

the writer is specific and detailed in their phrasing. For example, the sentence: “I ate an

apple.”
8. Poetic diction. Poetic diction is driven by lyrical words that relate to a specific theme

reflected in a poem, and create a euphonious, or harmonious, sound. Poetic diction usually

involves the use of descriptive language, sometimes set to a beat or rhyme.

EXAMPLEs OF FILIPINO CREATIVE WRITERS and their WORKS

Bob Ong- ABNKKBSNPLAko

Ambeth Ocampo- Rizal without the Overcoat

Ricky Lee- Trip to Quiapo

EXAMPLEs OFFOREIGN CREATIVE WRITERS and their WORKS

Lang Leav- The Universe of Us

Virginia Woolf- The Mark On the Wall

Charles Simic- Love Poem

UNIT 2- READING & WRITING POETRY

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

1. Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated
directly or indirectly. It can be a statement about human nature that the poem expresses.

Note : It is important not to confuse a theme of a literary work with its subject. Subject is a topic which acts
as a foundation for a literary work while a theme is an opinion expressed on the subject. For example, a
writer may choose a subject of war for his story and the theme of a story may be writer’s personal opinion
that war is a curse for humanity. Usually, it is up to the readers to explore a theme of a literary work by
analyzing characters, plot and other literary devices.

2. Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is

generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.

Every written piece comprises a central theme or subject matter. The manner in which a writer approaches
this theme and subject is the tone. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, and
cheerful or it may be any other existing attitudes.
As we read a poem, here are some questions we can ask to determine the poem’s themes:

 What are the explicit themes? In other words, what themes or topics do you see in the poem on
the first read-through?
 What is the poem’s overall tone? What thoughts or emotions does the poet convey? What images
are used? How do these reveal the poet’s feelings toward the subject matter?
 What is the poem’s overall mood? How does the poem make you, the reader, feel? What effect
does the poem’s tone, setting, and word choice have on you?
 What are the implicit themes? Now that you’ve considered the poem’s tone and mood, what other,
less obvious themes have you discovered?

Why should we consider a poem’s tone and mood here? Because emotions themselves can be literary
themes. Happiness, sadness, anger, fear—these and other reactions are not only feelings that characters
or readers can experience during a piece of literature, but also part of the piece’s overall thematic web.

With poetry in particular, every word must be carefully chosen for its literal meaning and emotional weight.
Those words and the phrases, images, and atmosphere they create give additional clues about themes we
might not notice if we rely only on subject matter. It’s almost like how, in novels and other longer forms of
literature, a conversation between characters contains multiple layers (topics, details, and opinions) that
need to be considered when using dialogue to identify themes. So by considering tone and mood to find
a poem’s themes, we’re taking all of the poem’s elements and layers into account and digging to the heart
of the message that the poet is conveying.

ELEMENTS FOR SPECIFIC FORMS

1. RHYME

A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounding words, occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs. A rhyme
is a tool utilizing repeating patterns that bring rhythm or musicality to poems. This differentiates them
from prose, which is plain. A rhyme is employed for the specific purpose of rendering a pleasing effect to
a poem, which makes its recital an enjoyable experience. Moreover, it offers itself as a mnemonic device,
smoothing the progress of memorization.

2. METER

Meter is a stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse, or within the lines of a poem. Stressed
syllables tend to be longer, and unstressed shorter. In simple language, meter is a poetic device that
serves as a linguistic sound pattern for the verses, as it gives poetry a rhythmical and melodious sound. For
instance, if you read a poem aloud, and it produces regular sound patterns, then this poem would be a
metered or measured poem. The study of different types of versification and meters is known as “prosody.”

English poetry employs five basic meters, including:

1. Iambic meter (unstressed/stressed)

2. Trochaic meter (stressed/unstressed)
3. Spondaic meter, (stressed/stressed)
 4. Anapestic meter (unstressed/unstressed/ stressed)
5. Dactylic meter (stressed/unstressed/unstressed)

HOW TO MEASURE THE RHYME AND RHYTHM IN A POEM

To find the rhyme scheme of a poem, look at the last word in each line of the poem for a few lines,
as some rhyme schemes are very basic and some span eight or ten lines of the poem. Rhymes at the end
of lines are called “end rhymes” and are described using letters to indicate distinct rhymes. If the first and
second lines have the same rhyme, and the third and fourth lines have the same rhyme, the poem has an
AABB rhyme scheme. Consider "Humpty Dumpty":

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall...

Rhyme schemes are described using letters to indicate distinct rhymes. If the next two lines have a
different rhyme, the rhyme scheme is called ABABCDCD.

The measure for rhythm or meter in a poem is called “scansion,” which refers to parts of each line
called metric feet. A foot is a two- or three-syllable section of a line with a particular sound pattern

3. METAPHOR

A metaphor is a comparison between two things that states one thing is another, in order help explain an
idea or show hidden similarities.

Finding metaphors in poetry takes practice. Look for comparisons in the poem, phrases where the
author writes that one concept is like another or represents another

he effects of metaphors on a reader include the creation of vivid imagery, such as the transfer of
emotional content from something generally understood to something less understood, the intrusion of non-
literal significance into consciousness and the revitalization of familiar words and phrases with new
meanings

4. LINE and LINE BREAK

A line is a unit of language into which a poem or play is divided, which operates on principles which are
distinct from and not necessarily coincident with grammatical structures

A distinct numbered group of lines in verse is normally called a stanza.

A line break is a poetic device that is used at the end of a line, and the beginning of the next line in a poem.
It can be employed without traditional punctuation. Also, it can be described as a point wherein a line is
divided into two halves.

TYPES OF STANZA

1. Couplet – a pair of consecutive lines that typically rhyme though they do not have to.
2. Tercet- a three line stanza or poem. They often rhyme. A haiku is an example of a type of poem
that is a Tercet.
3. Quatrain- a four line stanza or poem. If the poem has a rhyme scheme, alternate lines will rhyme.
4. Quintain - Stanzas with five lines that may or may not rhyme
5. Sestet - Stanzas with six lines that may or may not rhyme
 6. Septet - Stanzas with seven lines that may or may not rhyme
7. Octave - Stanzas with eight lines that may or may not rhyme

5. ENJAMBMENT

Enjambment, derived from the French word enjambment, means to step over, or put legs across. In poetry
it means moving over from one line to another without a terminating punctuation mark. It can be defined as
a thought or sense, phrase or clause, in a line of poetry that does not come to an end at the line break, but
moves over to the next line. In simple words, it is the running on of a sense from one couplet or line to the
next without a major pause or syntactical break.

Example of Enjambment:

It is a Beauteous Evening (By William Wordsworth)

“It is a beauteous Evening, calm and free;

The holy time is quiet as a Nun
Breathless with adoration; the broad sun
Is sinking down in its tranquility;
The gentleness of heaven is on the Sea;
Listen! The mighty Being is awake,
And doth with his eternal motion make
A sound like thunder―everlastingly. …

“Thou liest in Abraham’s bosom all the year;

And worshipp’st at the Temple’s inner shrine,
God being with thee when we know it not.”

This poem is a perfect example of enjambment. In this poem, every line is running over to the next, while
the sense is not finished at the end of lines, without pause or break. None of the lines make sense – or
stand on their own – without the next line.

OTHER EXPERIMENTAL TEXTS

Experimental poetry is a product of modernist and postmodernist poetry. It explores and emphasizes
innovation. Individuals who write experimental poetry don't always write with a conscious awareness of
where a work fits into an aesthetic range.

Examples:

Concrete poetry is one in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the
intended effect as the meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. It is a form of minimalism

VISUAL POETRY has a visual component, whether it's shown in the actual form of the poem, or if it has
an accompanying image.
Conceptual poetry is an early twenty-first century literary movement with the appropriation that is often
used as a means to create new work, focused more on the initial concept rather than the final product of
the poem

Codework Poetry is a term for literature which uses, addresses, and incorporates code: as underlying
language-animating or language-generating programming, as a special type of language in itself, or as an
intrinsic part of the new surface language.

GENRE-CROSSING POETRY
Prose poem is written like prose, in paragraphs rather than verse, but contains the characteristics
of poetry, such as poetic meter, language play, and a focus on images rather than narrative, plot, and
character.

Performance poetry is poetry that is specifically composed for or during a performance before an
audience. During the 1980s, the term came into popular usage to describe poetry written or composed
for performance rather than print distribution, mostly open to improvisation. At present, it is exemplified by
Filipinos in Spoken Word Poetry

POETIC DEVICES/TECHNIQUES

1. the SOUNDS of words

2. the MEANINGs of words
3. ARRANGING the words
4. the IMAGES of words
https://literarydevices.net/diction/

https://www.writersdigest.com/editor-blogs/there-are-no-rules/create-powerful-imagery-in-your-writing

https://study.com/academy/lesson/sensory-details-in-writing-definition-examples.html

https://uwf.edu/media/university-of-west-florida/colleges/cassh/departments/writing-lab/A-Guide-to-
Professional-and-Business-Writing.pdf

http://toefl.uobabylon.edu.iq/papers/itp_2015_41931767.pdf