ACME

Chemicals (M) Sdn Bhd

PRODUCTION
ENHANCEMENT
SOLUTIONS
By Specialty Chemical Applications

FORMATION DAMAGE REMEDIATIONS
Formation damage has been well recognized as the major cause of substantial reduction in oil
and gas productivity with serious economic impact affecting both production and injection
wells. Acme Chemicals after years of experience developing fluid solutions for drilling,
stimulation and production activities has combined the knowledge and experiences from the
various applications to come up with specialized solutions to remediate formation damage
problems.

Lot 606, Persiaran Raja Lumu, 42000 Port Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: sales@acmechem.com.my, Website: www.acmechem.com.my


FORMATION DAMAGE IN OIL AND GAS

PRODUCTION
Formation damage is generally permeability impairment on both open and cased hole
completions that impedes hydrocarbon flow resulting in decreasing oil and gas productivity
and in return adverse economic impact. Generally, it can be product of drilling and completion
jobs, work-over as well as production activities.

Formation damage affects in-flow areas from reservoir to the wellbore, completion strings to
surface and surface equipment such as tubing, chokes and separators. Among them are:

Structural damage

- tubular deposits that include mineral scales, paraffin and asphaltene and corrosion
products.

Perforation damage

- debris from perforating activities

- mud cake
- sand in perforation tunnels
- particles from injected fluids
- pressure induced deposits of mineral scales and paraffin wax

Near well bore damage

- emulsion blocks
- water saturation
- migrating fines
- clay particle swelling
- in depth plugging by injected particles
- wettability reversal
- polymer damage from drilling and stimulation

Deeper damage

- water blocks
- formation matrix collapse

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WELL STIMULATION AND REJUVENATION
SOLUTIONS

- ACM SUPERFLUID SERIES

o NANO EMULSION GREEN
STIMULATION FLUIDS

- ACM SAFEFLUID SERIES
o NON ACID DESCALERS AND
FILTER CAKE REMOVERS

- ACM MAXFLO HT
o NON ACID MATRIX
STIMULATION FLUID

- ACM SAFE FLO V1
o SAFE HANDLING AND NON
DAMAGING MUD ACID
REPLACEMENT

- ACM MATRIX VAP
o NON DAMAGING
VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT
DIVERTED ACID PACKAGE

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ACM SUPER FLUID SERIES
ACM SUPER FLUIDS were developed as single drum solution for multiple downhole formation
damage problems. The product combines blends of surfactants, organic solvent or oil phase
and water phase brine solution in a single formulation. With particle size between 50 – 200
nm, it appears as a clear low viscosity fluid thermally stable up to 350oF.

Product Descriptions:

ACM Super Fluid is a smart fluid containing a combination of water immiscible surfactant
blends, natural solvent and aqueous phase brine in a single formulation. Due to the sub 100
nm particle size of the emulsion, the product appears as a single phase clear solution.

Features:

- Thermally stable at BHT of up to 350oF or 162oC

- Less than 200 nm in particle size for deeper formation penetration
- Minimal risk of pore plugging
- Can be weighted
- Compatible with produced fluid and common production chemicals
- Does not require flow back treatment
- Non hazardous handling and HSE requirements
- Non flammable with flash point > 99oC
- Readily biodegradable
- Water soluble

ACM SUPERFLUID WF

- Superior wax dissolver and emulsion breaker

- Contains orange oil based natural solvent and strong organic dispersant in water
soluble formulation
- Effective demulsification and dissolution of emulsion block
- Remove water saturation and will leave formation water wet

ACM SUPER FLUID EF

- Superior wax dissolver and emulsion breaker

- High concentration of demulsifier blends for severe emulsion problem
- Effective removal of all types of emulsion blocks
- Will leave formation water wet
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ACM SUPER FLUID DF

- Complete fluid package to remove paraffin deposits, emulsion blocks, carbonate

scales and iron deposits
- Combination of neutral pH descaler, superior wax dissolver and emulsion breaker
- Contains natural paraffin solvent and strong wax dispersant to dissolve paraffin
deposits upon contact
- Contains neutral pH descaler for effective and complete carbonate scale and iron
deposits dissolution
- Effective dissolution and removal of emulsion blocks
- Will leave formation water wet

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ACM SAFE FLUID SERIES
ACM SAFE FLUID Series were developed to replace the use of both mineral and organic acid in
downhole deposit removal applications. Deposit removal include drilling filter cake which
sometimes come in the form of very dense and acid insoluble sagged barite, carbonate scales
that deposit due to changes in fluid pressure and temperature, and corrosion products that
resulted from application of acid as pH changed. All of these deposits cause damages to
formation skin, production screen, lifting equipment and tubing.

Product descriptions:

ACM SAFE FLUID Series are blends of specialty inorganic salts that will readily convert
carbonate and sulphate scales, drilling filter cakes and iron deposits either into soluble ions or
well dispersed particles. For acid soluble deposits the products totally replace the undesirable
applications of both mineral and organic acids, and for barium and strontium sulphate
deposits the products are the only options of removing either filter cake from sagged barite or
barium sulphate scale deposits.

Features:

- Thermally stable to BHT of more than 350oF or 162oC

- Non corrosive to carbon steel, steel alloy and CRA at both ambient and HPHT conditions
- Will not dissolve formation face and cause further damage to formation
- Non flammable with flashpoint > 99oC
- Non hazardous handling and HSE requirements
- Does not require flowback treatment
- Compatible with production fluids and common production chemicals
- Inherently biodegradable
- Water soluble

ACM SAFE FLUID CAFE-45

- Field proven neutral pH descaler effective for most downhole deposits

- Single product replacement for HCL for acid wash application
- Dissolves carbonate scale and iron corrosion deposits at any temperature with
simple soaking
- Can be diluted in fresh and seawater

ACM SAFE FLUID BA-40

- Field proven alkaline barite filter cake dissolver and remover

- Effective removal of calcium, barium and strontium sulphate scales at any
temperature
- Effective removal of all inorganic deposits where acid fails
- Remediate formation damage caused by drilling fluids especially due to barite sag
- Can be used to free stuck pipe and as perforation fluid

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ACM MAX FLO HT
ACM MAX FLO HT is a non acid matrix stimulation fluid developed to replace the common use
of HCL which range from 15 to 28% in concentration normally used to stimulate carbonate
formation. The product a a near neutral pH between 5 to 6 and does not need the numerous
additives required for HCL. The product is non corrosive to metal and will not damage
downhole jewelleries, pumping or coil tubing equipment. Since the product is non corrosive,
iron dissolution and precipitation is not a problem, and the product also does not form
asphaltene sludge with crude oil. It does not contribute to clay and fine problems as well
which are normally associated with the use of acid.

Product descriptions:

ACM MAX FLO HT is a blend of neutral pH chelating agents that effectively dissolved dolomite
and limestone, carbonate scales and iron deposits in a slow but complete reaction kinetic.

Product features:

- Stable and effective up to BHT of 400oF

- Excellent fluid for carbonate formation and for sandstone formation with more than
20% carbonate
- Good reaction kinetics but does not cause face dissolution
- Neutral pH and soluble over wide range of pH range
- Suitable for matrix stimulation of both carbonate and carbonate/ sandstone formations
- Excellent wormhole formation (based on core flooding tests of Indiana limestone core
samples)
- Minimum corrosion on downhole and placement equipment
- Does not cause any damage to the formation
- Does not cause sludge formation with asphaltene
- Non hazardous handling and HSE requirements
- Does not require flowback treatment
- Compatible with produced fluids and common production chemicals
- Non flammable with flash point > 99oC
- Work with slow pumping rate, minimizing the risk of fracturing
- Inherently biodegradable

ACM MAX FLO HT application requires well data and and preferably representative core
samples for effective design of the stimulation job.

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ACM SAFE FLO V1
ACM SAFE FLO V1 is a newly developed stimulation fluid to replace the use of mud acid
(HCL:HF or HCL:ABF) for the matrix stimulation of sandstone formation. In traditional
sandstone mud acid stimulation where hydrochloric acid is used in combination with either
hydrofluoric acid or ammonium bifluoride. HF is primarily use to dissolve HCL insoluble
siliceous minerals. The use of HF or the presence of unspent HF has exhibited very high risk of
damages which included precipitations of reaction products. Precipitates like calcium fluoride,
alkali fluorosilicates and alkali fluoroaluminates are formed as HF is nearly consumed and
they are very damaging at high temperature. Fine migration is another problem that is
difficult to avoid after sandstone acidizing job. ACM SAFE FLO V1 is developed without HCL
with controlled reaction to produce just sufficient HF on the fly. This will minimize the riks of
having unspent HF and the detrimental reactions.

Product descriptions:

ACM SAFE FLO V1 is a newly developed multi-chelating acid system comprises of an organic
acid, chelating agent, and polymeric chelating dispersant combined with ammonium
bifluoride (ABF) that will release retarded HF into the sandstone formation, with chelating
agent and dispersant used to controlled secondary precipitations normally associated with
mud acid stimulation.

Product features:

- Non HCL based on the fly mud acid system

- No HCL and HF handling
- Retarded HF release with reduced H+ concentration
- Superior corrosion control provided by chelating agent
- Superior secondary precipitation control provided by chelating agent and polymeric
dispersant
- Thermally stable up to BHT of 300oF

ACM SAFE FLO VI fluid system is under development at the laboratory stage at the time
this brochure was prepared (2016). All information and data provided in the
literatures were based on laboratory works. For further interest, well data and
representative core samples would be required.

ACM MATRIX VAP

ACM MATRIX VAP was introduced by Acme Chemicals in the Middle East since 2013 and so far
has successfully increased the productivity of more than 25 oil and gas producing and
injection wells at the time this articles was written (2016). ACM MATRIX VAP or matrix
viscoelastic surfactant diverted acid system is a matrix acid package employing viscoelastic
surfactant as the diverting agent as the HCL is being spent. It allows the live acid to be diverted
low permeability zones creating the desired wormholes.

Product descriptions:

ACM MATRIX VAP is a fluid package for 15 – 28% HCL, with a hydrocarbon liquid sensitive
viscoelastic surfactant. The surfactant will gel to more than 1000 cP as upon reaction with
calcium chloride which is a product of spent HCL upon reacting with carbonate. The gel is
easily dissolved by produced hydrocarbon as well as mutual solvent, preventing pore plugging
and damaging the formation as normally associated with other diverting agents. The key to
the package is all additives have to be compatible with the viscoelastic surfactant, which
determine the success of the stimulation job.

Product features:

- Field proven fluid package thermally stable up to BHT of 250oC

- Superior diverted acid system with very high success rates
- Packaged complete with HT acid corrosion inhibition system, non emulsifying agent,
iron control agents, fine suspension agent and other optional additives including
hydrogen sulphide scavenger and friction reducer
- Non damaging gel easily dissolved by mutual solvent and produced hydrocarbon
- Simple treatment requirement for the flow back
- Does not upset surface crude dehydration process

ACM MATRIX VAP requires well data for successful design of the stimulation jobs

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