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The system that we are concerned with includes the aspects and
components of the educational process, viz., students, teachers,
curriculum/syllabus, teaching methods and media, school/classroom
environment, and evaluation procedures. The systems approach helps
both the teacher and the students to achieve terminal objectives in the
most effective way.
Let us now study how a system works. You have seen that every system
has specific function to perform or goals to achieve. These can be termed
as outputs. In the case of a clock, the function or the goal is to show time
accurately. Similarly, the school library may aim at providing its students
one book per week. Now, in order to achieve this output the school
library, for example, requires some input such as certain minimum
number of books.
Input-Process-Output Model of a
System
But by just possessing a requisite number of books, the output will
not be achieved. The librarian will have to plan and develop certain
procedures for storing, issuing and returning books (and also for
motivating users). These procedures form a part of the process. The
librarian would also like to know whether the goal (output) of issuing
at least one book per student per week is achieved or not. This
implies that the librarian would have to compare the actual output
with the expected output. If the difference between the expected and
actual output is minimal, the system is effectiveand efficient. If this
gap widens, the system becomes less effective and less efficient. If
the gap widens a little more, the librarian would have to study the
problem area. He therefore, has to develop a feedback system which
would give him information about this gap between the expected
output and the actual output.
Input-Process-Output Model of a
System
Thus the various components of a system are;
1. Inputs: The following make up the inputs of any
educational system.
a. Human resources: Students, teachers, non-teaching staff.
b. Material resources: Building, equipment, library-books.
c. Financial resources: Fees, donations, grants .
d. Ideology, values, knowledge, curriculum.
2. Processes: There are two supporting processes in any
educational system;
a. Primary: Teaching-learning, Evaluation
b. Supporting: Planning, organising, directing, controlling etc.
Input-Process-Output Model of a
System
3. Output: It includes effective and efficient accomplishment of
aims & objectives of education by
utilising the inputs through the processes. The desired outputs of any
system are:
a. Development of individual students.
b. Development of academic discipline through research.
c. Development of society.
4. Feedback: It refers to the response to the output, enabling a
system to modify its functioning.
Feedback can be positive or negative in nature. Feedback can be
stimulative, it can bring about
corrective action leading to improvement.
Types of Systems
1. Open System: This type of a system has continuous
interaction with its environment. An open
system receives inputs from the external environment, uses
them for carrying out processes and
produces & supplies outputs to the external environment.
Outputs maybe planned or unplanned.
2. Closed System: It is a self-sufficient and self-regulatory
system. There is no exchange of material
with the external environment, it is capable of influencing
processes for achieving the desired
outputs
Systems Approach in Education: