Difference between

Deen and Religion

‫دین اور مذہب میں فرق‬

 Religion:- ‫مذہب‬
Derived from Latin Word Religio,
“Religare” Which meaning is subjugation

 In Arabic derived from “ Zahab” ‫ ذھب‬which meaning

is to go through, pass by, walk

 Literal meaning: to find one’s own roots, to

follow the commandments of God

‫اپنی جڑوں کو تالش کرنا۔‬

 It is an organized system of beliefs and practices
revolving around, or leading to, a transcendent
spiritual experience

 Commonly used in a narrow sense:

Individual life

(Dogmas, rituals)
 Edward Tylor
 “The belief in spiritual beings.”
‫روحانی چیزوں پر یقین‬
 Clifford Geertz
 “A religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish
powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and
motivations ”

 Emile Durkheim
 “A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices
relative to sacred things” ‫عقائد پر یقین‬
 Melford Spiro
 “Religion is an institution consisting of
culturally patterned interaction with
culturally postulated superhuman
beings.”
 Peter Berger

 “Religion is the human attitude towards a

sacred order that includes within it all
being—human or
 Spirituality-
 EB Taylor ( Social)
 Emotion Ethics
 Mathew Arnold
(Literature)
 Emotional Appeal to
accept Almighty
 Freud (Psychology)
 Only Rituals ?
 Humanity
 What is Deen?

 literal meaning is

dominion, subordination, obedience,

 (ghalba or bulandi)

 It is the name of way of life ,thoughts

and actions which are to be followed
 submission without any fear, reward
and punishment
 It explains four things:-

1. Admit the sovereignty of God

2. Follow His commandments
3. Follow the defined rules
4. Reward and punishment
 In Holy Quran it is called Al-deen

 Al-deen…….

 This is the way of life

 This is a way of life
 In Quran various times Word Deen is mentioned

ِ َّ َ‫إِنَّ الدِّ ینَ عِ ند‬

3:19- ‫َّللا إاْلِ إس َال ُم‬
Verily, only Islam is the Din (Religion) before Allah
(Way of life)

َ‫ابدُون‬
ِ ‫ع‬
َ ُ
‫ه‬ َ
‫ل‬ ُ‫ن‬‫ح‬‫إ‬ َ
‫ن‬ ‫و‬
َ ۖ ً
‫ة‬ َ
‫غ‬ ‫ب‬
‫إ‬ ِ‫ص‬ ِ َّ
‫َّللا‬ َ‫ن‬‫م‬ِ ُ‫ن‬‫س‬َ ‫ح‬
‫إ‬ َ ‫أ‬ ‫نإ‬‫م‬َ ‫و‬
َ ۖ َّ
‫َّللا‬
ِ َ
‫ة‬ َ
‫غ‬ ‫صِ إب‬
2:138 -
[And say, "Ours is] the religion of Allah . And who is better
than Allah in [ordaining] Deen? And we are worshippers
of Him."
 ‫ت َع َل إی ُك إم ن إِع َمتِي‬ ُ ‫ت َل ُك إم دِی َن ُك إم َوأَ إت َم إم‬ ُ ‫ا إل َی إو َم أَ إك َم إل‬
‫اض ُُ َّر فِي‬ ‫یت َل ُك ُم إاْلِ إس َال َم دِی ًنا ۚ َف َم ِن إ‬ ُ ِ‫َو َرض‬
‫َّللا َغفُو ٌر َّرحِی ٌم‬ ََّ َّ‫ف ِّْلِ إثم ۙ َفإِن‬ ٍ ِ
‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬َ َ
‫ت‬ ‫م‬
ُ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ی‬‫إ‬ َ
‫غ‬ ٍ
‫ة‬ ‫ص‬َ ‫م‬َ ‫إ‬
‫خ‬ ‫َم‬
ٍ
5:3

This day I have perfected for you your deen and

completed My favor upon you and have approved
for you Islam as Deen. But whoever is forced by
severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed,
Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
(Shariat)
‫َو َمن َی إب َت ِغ َغ إی َر إاْلِ إس َال ِم دِی ًنا َف َلن ُی إق َبل َ ِم إن ُه َوھ َُو فِي‬
– َ‫إاْلخ َِر ِة ِمنَ ا إل َخاسِ ِرین‬
3:85

And whoever desires other than

Islam as deen - never will it be
accepted from him, and he, in the
Hereafter, will be among the losers.
 109:6 - ‫ِین‬
ِ ‫د‬ ‫ِي‬
َ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬
َ ‫م‬
‫إ‬ ُ
‫ك‬ ُ
‫ن‬ ‫ِی‬
‫د‬ ‫م‬
‫إ‬ ُ
‫ك‬ َ
‫ل‬
For you is your deen, and for me
is my deen.

ِ ‫َمالِكِ َی إو ِم ال ِّد‬
1:4 - ‫ین‬
Sovereign of the Day of
Recompense.
 Religion Deen

Only rituals Complete code of life

Non-revealed Revealed/God-gifted

Different teachings (10,000) Oneness of Allah

Only spiritualism Combination of Deen-o-Duniya

Personal affair Relationship between man and God

& between man to man

Loneliness/individualism Collectivism

Haqooq-Allah Haqooq-Allah + Haqooq-Ul-Ibad

Individual Life Collective Life

Belief Social System

Modes of Worship Economic System

Customs Political System

Religion Deen
15
Need of Religion in Modern age

Why???????
 Concept of Modern Civilization---
Education

 Secularism/ Individualism
 Too much dependent on Democracy
 Capitalism
 Communism
 Nation-state system
 Too much freedom
 Still Issues Exists………
 Growing Materialism /Suffering Soul
 Increasing Suicide ratio
 Violations of Human Rights
 Destruction of Family Systems
 Establishment of Peace ????
 Disparity among Nations
 Extreme Poverty and Hunger
 Arms and Weapons of Mass destruction
  Three Theories to prove need of
religion

1. Historical facts/ Evolution of Religion

2. Philosophical Way

3. Islamic concept
 Historical facts

Archaeologists refer to apparent

intentional burials of early Homo
Sapiens 300,000 years ago as
evidence of religious ideas
 Other evidence of religious ideas include
symbolic artifacts from Middle Stone
ages sites in Africa.

 Examples of Egypt, Mesopotamia,

India and China
 6 Stages _Evolution of Religion

 Atheism
 Worshiping the Nature
 Fear and Greed
 Totemism (animal worship)
 Animal worship (zoolatry)
 refers to rituals involving animals, such as the glorification
of animal deities or animal sacrifice.
 When a god is respected or worshipped by means of a
representative animal, an animal cult is formed.
 Animal cults may be classified according to their outward
form or according to their inward meaning, which may of
course undergo transformations.
 The idea that divinity embodies itself in animals
 The Egyptian pantheon was especially fond of zoomorphism,
with many animals sacred to particular deities—
cats to Bastet, ibises and baboons to Thoth, crocodiles to Sobe
k and Ra, fish to Set, mongoose, shrew and birds to Horus,
dogs and jackals to Anubis, serpents.
 Animals were often mummified as a result of these beliefs.
 Worshiping Idols

 Monotheism

 Future (Humanity) Insaniyat

(Human Rights)
 2- Philosophical way
 Cognitive scientist Justin Barrett, for example,
demonstrates that belief in God – and beliefs
more generally – are formed and attained
in two ways:
1) non-reflective, intuitive beliefs that
result from experience, and
2) 2) reflective, conscious beliefs that
result from thought.
The human being naturally forms beliefs
from these two sources. Similarly, the
case for God’s existence in the
Quran and Sunnah involves both
sources of beliefs, heart-based
appeals based on intuition and
mind-based appeals based on
rational reflection.
Quran says:
ponder,eyes,hear,heart,education
 Proved Importance of Religion

Ibn-e-Khaldoon and Religion

 No nation/generation can deny the need of
religion

 It has remained important for every age,

place and time and period
 Religion is a Natural need
(Allama Shibli)

 Iqbal says;
 3- Islamic Concept
‫اسالمی نظریہ‬

 Allah deputed prophets since beginning of life

 Managed spiritual needs along with

physical needs. Hazrat Adam (A.S) was the
first prophet of God

 It proves guidance started first and life start later

 Importance/Benefits/Role of
Religion

1. Individual Benefits

 Satisfies the soul/Nafs ------ Music,

 shahadat / Martyrdom
  Gives comfort and satisfaction
(prevent suicide)
 Religion's mental health benefits
A large body of research — particularly among people in
the United States — has tied religious beliefs with positive
outcomes for mental health. For example, a 2005 study of
older adults in the San Francisco Bay area found that being
religious served as a buffer against depression among
people in poorer health, with the highest levels of
depression among those who were in poor health and
not religious. In addition, a 2013 study found that patients
who are being treated for mental-health issues such as
depression or anxiety responded better to treatment if they
believed in God.
 Hope

(peer-e-kamil,

Imam jaffar sadiq)

 Deen provide guidance

‫ش ِهیدًا َع َل ٰى‬ َ ‫ش ِهیدًا َع َل إی ِهم ِّمنإ أَنفُسِ ِه إم ۖ َو ِج إئ َنا ِب َك‬ َ ‫ث فِي ُكل ِّ أ ُ َّم ٍة‬ ُ ‫َو َی إو َم َن إب َع‬
‫ش إي ٍء َو ُھدًى َو َر إح َم ًة َو ُب إ‬
‫ش َر ٰى‬ َ ‫ٰ َھؤُ ََل ِء ۚ َو َن َّز إل َنا َع َل إی َك ا إل ِك َت‬
َ ِّ ‫اب ِت إب َیا ًنا ِّل ُكل‬
16:89 - َ‫لِ إل ُم إسلِ ِمین‬

And [mention] the Day when We will resurrect among

every nation a witness over them from themselves. And
We will bring you, [O Muhammad], as a witness over
your nation. And We have sent down to you the Book as
clarification for all things and as guidance and mercy
and good tidings for the Muslims. An-Nahl
Collective Benefits

 Complete code of life

 Religion is a social need (welfare
society, Equity, tolerance, upbringing
and justice)
 Source of law
 Define ideology of life
 Gives social institutions
Juda ho deen siyasast-------------
Source of Knowledge
Major Examples of Natural Sciences
 Celestial bodies in
Rotation
 Splitting of an Atom
 Expanding Universe
 Pain receptors in skin
 Fetus Protected by 3 Veils
of Darkness
 Function of the Frontal
Cerebrum
 Milk Produced between
intestine and blood
 Hearing first sense
 Barrier between 2 seas of
water
 Shape of the Earth
 7 Layers of Earth
 Mountains and their deep
roots
 Darkness of the sea
 Paths in the Sky
 Black Hole
 Supernova
 Formation of Clouds
 Source of Iron
 Space Exploration
 Preservation of the body of
Pharoah
 Several other examples
 1. Sun, Moon, Earth, Planets, Stars and all which
are all in rotation, mentioned in the Holy QURAN
1400 years ago, discovered recently:
 “It is He Who created The Night and the Day, And the Sun and the Moon: All (the celestial
bodies) Swim along, each in its Rounded course.” [Al-Qur’aan 21:33]
 “It is not permitted To the Sun to catch up The Moon, nor can The Night outstrip the Day:
Each (just) swims along In (its own) orbit (According to Law).” [Al-Qur’aan 36:40]
 In fact, the Sun travels through space at roughly 150 miles per second, and takes about 200
million years to complete one revolution around the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.
 For a long time European philosophers and scientists believed that the earth stood still in the
centre of the universe and every other body including the sun moved around it. In the West,
this geocentric concept of the universe was prevalent right from the time of Ptolemy in the
second century B.C.
 In 1512, Nicholas Copernicus put forward his Heliocentric Theory of Planetary Motion, which
asserted that the sun is motionless at the centre of the solar system with the planets revolving
around it. In 1609, the German scientist Yohannus Keppler published the ‘Astronomia Nova’.
In this he concluded that not only do the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun, they
also rotate upon their axes at irregular speeds. With this knowledge it became possible for
European scientists to explain correctly many of the mechanisms of the solar system including
the sequence of night and day.
 After these discoveries, it was thought that the Sun was stationary and did not rotate
about its axis like the Earth. I remember having studied this fallacy from Geography
books during my school days.
 The Arabic word used in the above verse is yasbahûn . The word yasbahûn is derived
from the word sabaha. It carries with it the idea of motion that comes from any
moving body. If you use the word for a man on the ground, it would not mean that
he is rolling but would mean he is walking or running. If you use the word for a man
in water it would not mean that he is floating but would mean that he is swimming.
 Similarly, if you use the word yasbah for a celestial body such as the sun it would not
mean that it is only flying through space but would mean that it is also rotating as it
goes through space. Most of the school textbooks have incorporated the fact that the
sun rotates about its axis. The rotation of the sun about its own axis can be proved
with the help of an equipment that projects the image of the sun on the table top so
that one can examine the image of the sun without being blinded. It is noticed that
the sun has spots which complete a circular motion once every 25 days i.e. the sun
takes approximately 25 days to rotate around its axis.
 This verse mentions an essential fact discovered by modern astronomy, i.e. the
existence of the individual orbits of the Sun and the Moon, and their journey
through space with their own motion. The ‘fixed place’ towards, which the sun
travels, carrying with it the solar system, has been located exactly by modern
astronomy. It has been given a name, the Solar Apex. The solar system is indeed
moving in space towards a point situated in the constellation of Hercules (alpha
Layer) whose exact location is firmly established.
The moon rotates around its axis in the same duration that it takes to revolve around
the earth. It takes approximately 29½ days to complete one rotation. One cannot
help but be amazed at the scientific accuracy of the Quranic verses
2. It is possible to split even an Atom mentioned
in Quran 1400 years ago, discovered recently:

 “They say, never to us will come the Hour: say, ‘Nay! But most surely,
By my Lord, it will come Upon you – by Him Who knows the unseen
– From Whom is not hidden THE LEAST LITTLE ATOM In the
heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less than that, or greater,
but Is in the record perspicuous.’” [Al-Qur’aan 34:3]
 In recent times modern science has discovered that it is possible to
split even an atom. That the atom can be split further is a
development of the 20th century. Fourteen centuries ago this
concept would have appeared unusual even to Arabs. For them the
‘dharrah’ was the limit beyond which one could not go.
 This verse refers to the Omniscience of God, His knowledge of all
things, hidden or apparent. It then goes further and says that God is
aware of everything, including what is smaller or bigger than the
atom. Thus the verse clearly shows that it is possible for something
smaller than the atom to exist, a fact discovered only recently by
modern science.
 3. Milk in animals is produced by conjunction between
the contents of Intestine and Blood, mentioned in Quran
1400 years ago, discovered recently:

 “And verily in cattle there is A lesson for you. We give you to drink of
what is inside their bodies, Coming from a conjunction Between the
contents of the Intestine and the blood, A milk pure and pleasant for
Those who drink it.” [Al-Qur’aan 16:66]
 “And in cattle (too) ye Have an instructive example: From within their
bodies We produce (milk) for you To drink; there are, in them,
(Besides), numerous (other) Benefits for you; And of their (meat) ye
eat.” [Al-Qur’aan 23:21]
 William Harwey brought this understanding to the Western world in
16th Century before it was known what happens in the intestines to
ensure that organs are nourished by the process of digestive
absorption, a verse in the Qur’aan described the source of the
constituents of milk, in conformity with these notions.
 The Quranic description of the production of milk in cattle is
strikingly similar to what modern physiology has discovered.
4. Fetus protected by 3 Veils of darkness mentioned in
Quran 1400 years ago, discovered recently:

 “He makes you, In the wombs of your mothers, In stages,

one after
another, In three veils of darkness.” [Al-Qur’aan 39:6]
 According to Prof. Keith Moore, these 3 veils of darkness
in the Qur’aan refers to:
 (i) anterior abdominal wall of the mother (vaginal wall)
 (ii) the uterine wall
 (iii) the amnio-chorionic membrane
 5. Pain receptors present in the Skin discovered recently,
mentioned in Quran 1400 years ago:
 “Those who reject Our signs, We shall soon Cast into the Fire; As often as their skins
Are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the
Penalty: for Allah Is Exalted in Power, Wise.” [Al-Qur’aan 4:56]
 Professor Tagatat Tejasen, Chairman of the Department of Anatomy at Chiang Mai
University in Thailand, has spent a great amount of time on research of pain
receptors. Initially he could not believe that the Qur’aan mentioned this scientific
fact 1,400 years ago. He later verified the translation of this particular Qur’aanic
verse. Prof. Tejasen was so impressed by the scientific accuracy of the Qur’aanic
verse, that at the 8th Saudi Medical Conference held in Riyadh on the Scientific
Signs of Quran and Sunnah he proclaimed in public: “There is no God but Allah and
Muhammad (peace be upon him) is His Messenger.”
 It was thought that the sense of feeling and pain was only dependent on the brain.
Recent discoveries prove that there are pain receptors present in the skin without
which a person would not be able to feel pain. When a doctor examines a patient
suffering from burn injuries, he verifies the degree of burns by a pinprick. If the
patient feels pain, the doctor is happy, because it indicates that the burns are
superficial and the pain receptors are intact. On the other hand if the patient does
not feel any pain, it indicates that it is a deep burn and the pain receptors have been
destroyed. The Quran gives an indication of the existence of pain receptors in this
verse.
 6. The first sense to develop in a developing human
embryo is hearing.
 The fetus can hear sounds after the 24th week. Subsequently, the sense of sight is developed and by the
28th week, the retina becomes sensitive to light.
 Consider the following Qur’aanic verses related to the development of the senses in the embryo:
 “And He gave You (the faculties of) hearing and sight and feeling (And understanding).” [Al-Qur’aan
32:9]
 “Verily We created Man from a drop Of mingled sperm, In order to try him: So We gave him (the gifts),
Of Hearing and Sight.”
[Al-Qur’aan 76:2]
 “It is He Who has created For you (the faculties of) Hearing, sight,
feeling And understanding: little thanks It is ye give!”
[Al-Qur’aan 23:78]
 In all these verses the sense of hearing is mentioned before that of sight. The Quranic description
matches with the discoveries in modern embryology.
 What modern science confirms today was known to Islam, 1400 years ago.
 Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has said : “After the drop (nut.fa) has been [in the uterus] for
42 days, Allah sends an angel that gives it form and fashions its hearing, sight, skin, flesh, and skeleton
(of baby child).”
 As per modern science, the Organogenesis peaks precisely at 42 days. The time frame given cited above is
in conformity with embryological observation. The embryo reaches the sixth week without showing the
semblance of human form but by the seventh week of its life – about three centimeters in size and
beginning to move – that semblance becomes visible in the formation of the essential organs including
the sensory organs and grown bone tissue. The arms and legs have lengthened. The foot and hand areas
are distinguishable and they have digits. And the first recordable brain wave activity occurs.
7. The Barrier between two Seas
of Water
 HE has set free the two seas meeting together. There is
a barrier between them. They do not transgress.
(Quran, 55:19-20)

 HE is the one who has set free the two kinds of water,
one sweet and palatable, and the other salty and bitter.
And He has made between them a barrier and a
forbidding partition. (Quran, 25:53)
 8. Universe is expanding mentioned in Quran
1400 years ago, discovered recently:
 “And the heaven (space) We created with might, and indeed We are (its) expander.”
(Quran 51:47)
 In 1925, an American astronomer by the name of Edwin Hubble, provided
observational evidence that all galaxies are receding from one another, which implies
that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is now an established
scientific fact. This is what Al-Qur’aan says regarding the nature of the universe.
 The Arabic word mûsi‘ûn is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the
creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A
Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of
the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.”
 The Qur’aan mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to
build a telescope! Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the
Qur’aan is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy.
They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of
astronomy. However they fail to realize that the Qur’aan was revealed centuries
before the Arabs excelled in astronomy. Moreover many of the scientific facts
mentioned above regarding astronomy, such as the origin of the universe with a Big
Bang, were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement.
The scientific facts mentioned in the Qur’aan are therefore not due to the Arabs’
advancement in astronomy. Indeed, the reverse is true. The Arabs advanced in
astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in the Qur’aan.
 9. Area of Cerebrum responsible for Planning,
Motivation and Behavior, what science confirms today
was already mentioned in the Quran 1400 years ago:

 “No! If he does not stop, We will take him by the

naseyah (front of the head), a lying, sinful naseyah
(front of the head)!”
(Quran 96:15-16)
 The area of the cerebrum is responsible for planning,
motivating, and initiating good and sinful behavior
and is responsible for the telling of lies and the
speaking of truth. Thus, it is proper to describe the
front of the head as lying and sinful when someone lies
or commits a sin, as the Quran has said, “…A lying,
sinful naseyah (front of the head)!”
 10. 7 layers of Earth mentioned in QURAN
confirmed by modern Science:
 “It is Allah Who created the 7 heavens and of the Earth the
same number, the Command descending down through all of
them, so that you might know that Allah has power over all
things and that Allah encompasses all things in His
knowledge.” (Qur’an, 65:12)
 As per Scientific sources the Earth consists of seven stratas:
 1st layer: Lithosphere (water)
 2nd layer: Lithosphere (land)
 3rd layer: Asthenosphere
 4th layer: Upper Mantle
 5th layer: Inner Mantle
 6th layer: Outer Core
 7th layer: Inner Core
 11. Scientifically correct shape of Earth
mentioned in QURAN 1400 years a ago:-

 “He made the Earth Egg (Geoid)

shaped.” Quran : 79:30

 “”‫واالرض بعد ذلك دحاها‬

 12. Iron did not form on Earth and came from outer
space mentioned in QURAN 1400 years ago discovered
by Astronomers recently:

 “And We also sent down Iron in which there lies great force and
which has many uses for mankind…” (Quran 57:25)
 Astronomical findings have disclosed that the Iron found in our
world has come from giant stars in outer space. Not only the iron
on earth, but also the iron in the entire Solar System, comes from
outer space, since the temperature in the Sun is inadequate for
the formation of iron. The sun has a surface temperature of
6,000 degrees Celsius, and a core temperature of approximately
20 million degrees. Iron can only be produced in much larger
stars than the Sun, where the temperature reaches a few hundred
million degrees. When the amount of iron exceeds a certain level
in a star, the star can no longer accommodate it, and it eventually
explodes in what is called a “nova” or a “supernova.” These
explosions make it possible for iron to be given off into space.
 13. Preservation of Egyptian Pharaoh’s body correctly
predicted in Quran 1400 years discovered recently:
 “Today we will preserve your body so you can be a Sign for
people who come after you. Surely many people are heedless of
Our Signs.” (Qur’an, 10:91-92)”
 On display in the Royal Mummies Chamber of the Egyptian
Museum in Cairo is a mummified body believed to be that of
this tyrant. In all likelihood, Pharaoh’s body floated to shore
after being drowned, was found and mummified by the
Egyptians, and then carried to a previously prepared burial
chamber. The information that Pharaoh’s corpse would serve as
a sign for later generations may be regarded as an indication
that his body would not decay.
 Pharaoh regarded himself as a deity and responded with
slanders and threats to Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) calls
for him to believe in Allah. This arrogant attitude lasted until
Pharaoh was faced with the threat of death through drowning.
 14. Exploration of Space and Earth correctly predicted
in Quran 1400 years ago:

 “O company of jinn and human beings. If you are able to pierce

through the confines of the Heavens and Earth, pierce through
them. You will not pierce through, except with a clear
authority. (Qur’an, 55:33)”
 The Arabic word sultan, translated here as “a clear authority,”
has other meanings as well: force, power, sovereignty,
dominion, law, path, permission, give leave, justify, and proof.
 Careful examination reveals that the above verse emphasizes
that humanity will be able to move into the depths of Earth
and Sky, but only with a superior power. In all likelihood, this
superior power is the superior technology employed in the
twentieth century, for it enabled scientists to achieve this great
feat.
 15. ‘Rosette Nebula’ mentioned in QURAN 1400 years
ago, discovered recently:

 “When the Heaven shall be cleft asunder, and become rose red, like
stained leather”. (Surat ar-Rahman, 37)
 Nebula is the name given to cloud-like masses of gas in space. A
team led by Leisa Townsley, a senior Penn State University
researcher in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, examined the
Rosette Nebula using the Chandra X-ray telescope. They imaged
hundreds of stars in the Rosette Nebula and determined that by
crashing into one another stars produce gas at temperatures of 6
million degrees. Townsley describes what she saw:
 A ghostly glow of diffuse X ray emission pervades the Rosette Nebula
and perhaps many other star-forming regions throughout the
Galaxy. We now have a new view of the engine lighting the beautiful
Rosette Nebula and new evidence for how the interstellar medium
may be energized.”
 One type of nebula is known as the “Rosette Nebula” because of its
resemblance to a rose. The Rosette Nebula is also a vast cloud of gas
and seems to have an area five times greater than that of the full
moon.2 Its true diameter is estimated at 130 light years.
 Before they become nebulae they are stars, and since these
stars are very large, they release gasses into space because of
their high internal pressure and temperatures. These
eruptions of gas are very large and fast. These gasses then
coalesce to form a gas cloud, with a temperature of more than
15,000 0C.
 The existence of this body seen in the illustrations can only be
confirmed by high-tech observation equipment. This state of
affairs regarding the skies noted in the Qur’an is in great
agreement with the findings of present-day astronomy. In one
verse of the Qur’an we are told:
 “You do not engage in any matter or recite any of the Qur’an or
do any action without Our witnessing you while you are
occupied with it. Not even the smallest speck eludes your
Lord, either on earth or in heaven. Nor is there anything
smaller than that, or larger, which is not in a Clear Book.”
(Quran – Surah Yunus, 61)
16. ‘Black Hole’ mentioned in Quran 1400 years
ago, discovered recently:

 “[I swear] by Heaven and the Tariq! And what will

convey to you what the Tariq is? The Star Piercing [the
darkness]!” (Qur’an, 86:1-3)
 “When the Stars are extinguished…” (Qur’an, 77:8)
 “And I swear by the Stars’ positions-and that is a
mighty oath if you only knew.” (Qur’an, 56:75-76)
 17. Mountains have deep roots mentioned in
Quran 1400 years ago, discovered recently
 “Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the Mountains as pegs?” (Quran 78:6-7)
 “And He has set firm Mountains in the earth so that it would not shake with you…” (Quran 16:15)
 Modern science has proven that mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground and that these
roots can reach several times their elevations above the surface of the ground. So the most suitable word to
describe mountains on the basis of this information is the word ‘peg,’ since most of a properly set peg is
hidden under the surface of the ground. The history of science tells us that the theory of mountains having
deep roots was introduced only in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
 A book entitled Earth is a basic reference textbook in many universities around the world. One of its two
authors is Professor Emeritus Frank Press. He was the Science adviser to former US President Jimmy Carter,
and for 12 years was the President of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. His book says that
mountains have underlying roots. These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus, mountains have a
shape like a peg.
 Mountains also play an important role in stabilizing the crust of the earth. They hinder the shaking of the
earth.
 Likewise, the modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains work as stabilizers for the earth. This
knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilizers for the earth has just begun to be understood in the
framework of plate tectonics since the late 1960’s.
 Could anyone during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) have known of the true
shape of mountains? Could anyone imagine that the solid massive mountain which he sees before him
actually extends deep into the earth and has a root, as scientists assert? A large number of books of geology,
when discussing mountains, only describe that part which is above the surface of the earth. This is because
these books were not written by specialists in geology. However, modern geology has confirmed the truth of
the Quranic verses.
 18. Darkness found within Internal Waves deep
in the Sea mentioned in Quran 1400 years ago,
discovered recently :-
 “Or (the unbelievers’ state) is like the darkness in a deep sea. It is covered by waves, above which are waves,
above which are clouds. Darknesses, one above another. If a man stretches out his hand, he cannot see it….”
(Quran 24:40)
 This verse mentions the darkness found in deep seas and oceans, where if a man stretches out his hand, he
cannot see it. The darkness in deep seas and oceans is found around a depth of 200 meters and below. At this
depth, there is almost no light. Below a depth of 1000 meters there is no light at all. Human beings are not
able to dive more than forty meters without the aid of submarines or special equipment. Human beings
cannot survive unaided in the deep dark part of the oceans, such as at a depth of 200 meters.
 Between 3 and 30 percent of the sunlight is reflected at the sea surface. Then almost all of the seven colors of
the light spectrum are absorbed one after another in the first 200 meters, except the blue light. (Oceans,
Elder and Pernetta, p. 27.)
 Scientists have recently discovered this darkness by means of special equipment and submarines that have
enabled them to dive into the depths of the oceans.
 We can also understand from the following sentences in the previous verse, “…in a deep sea. It is covered by
waves, above which are waves, above which are clouds….”, that the deep waters of seas and oceans are covered
by waves, and above these waves are other waves. It is clear that the second set of waves are the surface waves
that we see, because the verse mentions that above the second waves there are clouds. But what about the
first waves? Scientists have recently discovered that there are internal waves which “occur on density
interfaces between layers of different densities.”.
 Internal waves at interface between two layers of water of different densities. One is dense (the lower one),
the other one is less dense (the upper one). (Oceanography, Gross, p. 204.)
 The internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a higher density
than the waters above them. Internal waves act like surface waves. They can also break, just like surface
waves. Internal waves cannot be seen by the human eye, but they can be detected by studying temperature or
salinity changes at a given location.
 19. There are paths in the Sky mentioned
in QURAN 1400 years ago, discovered
recently:
 “By heaven (Sky) furnished with paths;” (QURAN – Surat adh-Dhariyat, 7)
 “Will they not ponder the Qur’an? If it had been from other than Allah,
they would have found many inconsistencies in it.” (QURAN – Surat an-
Nisa, 82)
 The Arabic word “alhubuki,” translated as “furnished with paths” in verse 7
of Surat adh-Dhariyat, comes from the verb “hubeke,” meaning “to weave
closely, to knit, to bind together.” The use of this word in the verse is
particularly wise and represents the current state of scientific knowledge in
two aspects.
 The first is this: The orbits and paths in the universe are so dense and
intertwined that they constitute intersecting paths, just like the threads in a
piece of fabric. The Solar System we live in is made up of the Sun, the
planets and their satellites and heavenly objects in constant motion such as
meteors and comets. The Solar System moves through the galaxy known as
the Milky Way, which contains 400 billion stars.1 It is estimated that there
are billions of galaxies. Celestial bodies and systems revolving at speeds of
thousands of kilometers an hour move through space without colliding
with one another.
 The science of astronomy was developed with the aim of mapping the positions and courses of stars, while astro-mechanics
was developed in order to determine these complex motions. Astronomers used to assume that orbits were perfectly
spherical. The fact is, however, that heavenly bodies are known to follow mathematical shapes, such as spherical, elliptical,
parabolic or hyperbolic orbits. Dr. Carlo Rovelli of the University of Pittsburgh says, “Our space in which we live is just this
enormously complicated spin network.”
 Above left; the orbits of some of the bodies in the Solar System. Based on this picture and looking clockwise, it can be seen
that the Solar System itself is part of even greater orbital movements.
 The second aspect is that the description in the Quran of the sky using a word meaning “woven” may be a reference to the
String Theory of physics. (Allah knows the truth.) According to this theory, the basic elements that comprise the universe are
not point-like particles, but strings resembling miniature violin strings. These tiny, identical and one dimensional strings
oscillating in the form of filaments are regarded as being like loops in appearance. It is assumed that the origin of all the
diversity in the universe lies in the way these strings vibrate at different vibrations, in the same way that violin strings
produce different sounds with different vibrations.
 Although it is not possible to see the size of the threads in the String Theory, the only theory to bring theories such as
Einstein’s theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics together in a coherent way, it can still be calculated
mathematically. These strings, which scientists regard as the material from which space and time are woven, are just 1.6×10-
35 m (0.000000000000000000000000000000000016 meters) in size.5 This, known as Plank’s length, is the smallest known,
being just 10-20 of the protons that make up the nucleus of that atom.6 If an atom were to be magnified to the size of the
Solar System, each one of these strings would be no bigger than a tree. 7 Bearing in mind that an atom is 100,000 times
smaller than the smallest thing that can be seen with the naked eye, the minute scale of these strings can be more easily
grasped.
 Professor of Physics Abhay Ashtekar from the University of Pennsylvania and Professor of Physics Jerzy Lewandowski from
the University of Warsaw interpret the woven appearance of space as follows in an article titled “Space and Time Beyond
Einstein”:
 In this theory, Einstein wove the gravitational field into the very fabric of space and time… The continuum we are all used to
is only an approximation. Perhaps the simplest way to visualize these ideas is to look at a piece of fabric. For all practical
purposes, it represents a 2-dimensional continuum; yet it is really woven by 1-dimensional threads. The same is true of the
fabric of space-time. It is only because the “quantum threads” which weave this fabric are tightly woven in the region of the
universe we inhabit that we perceive a continuum. Upon intersection with a surface, each thread, or polymer excitation,
endows it with a tiny “Plank quantum” of area of about 10-66 cm2. So an area of 100 cm2 has about 1068 such intersections;
because the number is so huge, the intersections are very closely spaced and we have the illusion of a continuum.8
 An Article in the New York Times seeking an answer to the question “How Was the Universe Built?” contained the following
lines:
 Even the tiny quarks that make up protons, neutrons and other particles are too big to feel the bumps that may exist on the
Planck scale. More recently, though, physicists have suggested that quarks and everything else are made of far tinier objects:
superstrings vibrating in 10 dimensions. At the Planck level, the weave of space-time would be as apparent as when the finest
Egyptian cotton is viewed under a magnifying glass, exposing the warp and woof.
 In his book Three Roads to Quantum Gravity, the theoretical quantum
physicist Lee Smolin devotes one chapter to “How to Weave a String” and
says this on the subject:
 … space may be ‘woven’ from a network of loops… just like a piece of cloth
is ‘woven’ from a network of threads.
 In his book Our Cosmic Habitat the cosmologist and astrophysicist Prof.
Martin Rees says:
 According to our present concepts, empty space is anything but simple…
and on an even tinier scale, it may be a seething tangle of strings.11
 The way that Allah describes the universe as being woven paths and
orbits in verse 7 of Surat adh-Dhariyat shows that the Qur’an is in
extraordinary agreement with science. As can be seen in a great many
other instances, the way that all the information revealed in the Qur’an
1400 years ago is confirmed by modern scientific data is highly thought
provoking. This perfect harmony between the Qur’an and scientific
developments clearly reveals that the Qur’an is the word of our Lord, the
creator of and He who knows best about all things. In one verse Allah
states:
 The University of Pittsburgh physicist Carlo Rovelli presents a model
woven like a web in order to represent the microscopic architectural
structure of the universe.
 20. Details mentioned in the Quran about cloud
formation over 1400 years ago has only recently been
discovered by science.

 Scientists have studied cloud types and have realized that rain clouds are formed and shaped
according to definite systems and certain steps connected with certain types of wind and
clouds.
 One kind of rain cloud is the cumulonimbus cloud. Meteorologists have studied how
cumulonimbus clouds are formed and how they produce rain, hail, and lightning.
 They have found that cumulonimbus clouds go through the following steps to produce rain:
 1) The clouds are pushed by the wind: Cumulonimbus clouds begin to form when wind
pushes some small pieces of clouds (cumulus clouds) to an area where these clouds converge
 2) Joining: Then the small clouds join together forming a larger cloud
 3) Stacking: When the small clouds join together, updrafts within the larger cloud
increase. The updrafts near the center of the cloud are stronger than those near the edges.
These updrafts cause the cloud body to grow vertically, so the cloud is stacked up
 Figure: A cumulonimbus cloud. After the cloud is stacked up, rain comes out of it.
 God has said in the Quran:
 “Have you not seen how God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then
makes them into a stack, and then you see the rain come out of it….” (Quran 24:43)
 Meteorologists have only recently come to know these details of cloud formation, structure,
and function by using advanced equipment like planes, satellites, computers, balloons, and
other equipment, to study wind and its direction, to measure humidity and its variations, and
to determine the levels and variations of atmospheric pressure.
  Explain metaphysical things(life after
death, day of judgment, sin, hell,
heaven)

 Formulate a civilization

 Two fold Accountability

 It leads mankind from darkness to light:

“A book which we have revealed to you, in order

that you might lead mankind out of the depths
of darkness into light by the leave of their
Lord. 14:1”