ESIC DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

GGSIP UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY

FIRST YEAR PRACTICAL MANUAL

DENTAL ANATOMY & ORAL HISTOLOGY

NAME OF THE STUDENT:___________________________________________

ROLL NO:_________________________________________________

BATCH: ______________________________NO.:___________________
 COMPLETION CERTIFICATE

ESIC DENTAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

This is to certify that Mr. /Miss ........................................................................................... Roll

No. ........................................................ has satisfactorily completed the exercises in Dental

Anatomy & Oral Histology prescribed by the Department of Oral Pathology &

Microbiology for B.D.S. Ist Year Course, in the laboratory of this institution in the

academic year ..................................

Date......................... ................................... .......................................

Teacher-in-charge Head of the Department

Date of Practical Examination : ............................................................................................

Signature of Examiners : 1).....................................................2)................................................

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 GENERAL INFORMATION

1. This record book must be kept neat and in good condition.

2. This book will be handed over for processing progress report as and when required.

3. No credit will be given for any work not carried out in the laboratory.

4. No student will be permitted to proceed with his/her work until his/her Kit of
instruments as prescribed in the official list has been inspected and found in order.

5. Students are required to wear clean laboratory aprons with name plates.

6. Exercise all be deemed to be completed only when the same is checked and signed by
the Teacher-in-charge.

7. Attendance in the laboratory will be in accordance with the timetable.

8. Unnecessary wastage of water and/or any materials should be avoided.

9. Excess Wax and other materials should be removed and placed in the dustbin. It should
not be thrown in the sink.

10. Instruments borrowed from the department should be returned. Under no

circumstances, it be placed in locker and kept for a subsequent session. A student is
liable to replace or compensate any equipment that is lost or damaged.

11. No responsibility is taken for students' instruments that are mislaid. Borrowing of
instruments is strictly prohibited.

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 INDEX
S.No. Date Exercise Page No. Grade Signature
01 General Anatomy of Tooth

02 Tooth Morphology

03 Division of Tooth into Thirds

04 Chronology of Human Dentition

05 Major Differences between Deciduous

and Permanent Teeth

06 Geometric Form – I

07 Geometric Form – II

08 Measurement of the Teeth

09 Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor

10 Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisor

11 Permanent Maxillary Canine

12 Permanent Maxillary First Premolar

13 Permanent Maxillary Second Premolar

14 Permanent Maxillary First Molar

15 Permanent Maxillary Second Molar

16 Permanent Mandibular Central Incisor

17 Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisor

18 Permanent Mandibular Canine

19 Permanent Mandibular First Premolar

20 Permanent Mandibular Second Premolar

21 Permanent Mandibular First Molar

22 Permanent Mandibular Second Molar

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 INSTRUMENT LIST

1. Mackintosh Sheet 1/2 Mtr.

2. Lead Pencil .5 mm & HB

3. Pencil Sharpner

4. Eraser

5. Metallic Scale 6"

6. Divider

7. Vernier Calliper

8. Lecron's Carver

9. Wax Knife

10. Wax Block

11. Polishing Cloth

12. Record Book

13. Text Book of Dental Anatomy

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 GENERAL ANATOMY OF A TOOTH

 Crown -

 Root -

TOOTH TISSUES

1) Enamel -

2) Dentin -

3) Pulp -

4) Cementum -

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 TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
(TERMS USED FOR DESCRIPTION OF TOOTH FORM)

1. Cusp –

2. Tubercle –

3. Cingulum –

4. Ridge –

5. Marginal Ridge –

6. Triangular Ridge –

7. Transverse Ridge –

8. Oblique Ridge –

9. Fossa –

10. Sulcus –

11. Developmental Groove –

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12. Pit –

13. Fissure –

 Labial –

 Buccal –

 Lingual –

 Palatal –

 Mesial –

 Distal –

14. Lobe –

15. Cervical Margin –

16. Occlusal Surface –

17. Incisal Margin –

18. Embrasure (spillways)

19. Contact points/area

20. Mameleons

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 DIVISION OF A TOOTH INTO THIRDS

CROWN –

ROOT –

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LINE ANGLES –

POINT ANGLES –

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CHRONOLOGY OF HUMAN DENTITION
(LOGAN & KRONFELD MODIFIED BY McCALL & SCHOUR)

Dentition Tooth First evidence of Crown Erruption Root

calcification completed Completed
(Weeks in Utero) (Months) (Months) (Years)

i1
i2
Primary
C
(Upper)
m1
m2

i1
i2
Primary
C
(Lower)
m1
m2

I1
I2
C
Permanent P1
(Upper) P2
M1
M2
M3

I1
I2
C
Permanent P1
(Upper) P2
M1
M2
M3

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TOOTH NUMBERING SYSTEMS

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 UNIVERSAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

Universal Numbering system, first suggested by Parreidt in 1882, was officially adopted by
the American Dental Association in 1975. It uses numbers I through 32 for the permanent
dentition starting with 1 for the maxillary right third molar as 16; dropping down on the same
side, the left mandibular third molar becomes 17, and then the numbers increase clockwise
around the lower arch to 32 which is the lower right third molar. For the deciduous dentition,
letters of the alphabet are used from A though T.A is the maxillary right second molar,
sequentially through the alphabet to J for the upper left second molar, and then clockwise
around the lower arch to T for the lower right second molar.

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UNIVERSAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

PERMANENT TEETH

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 INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

The International Numbering System (Federation Dentaire International) uses two digits for
each tooth, permanent or primary. The first digit always denotes the dentition, arch, and side,
and the second digit denotes the tooth (1 to 8 for permanent anf 1 to 5 for deciduous teeth
from the midline prosteriorlyu). The first digit of the two digits used in this system is
designated as follows:

1. Permanent dentition, maxillary, right side.

2. Permanent dentition, maxillary, left side.
3. Permanent dentition, mandibular, right side.
4. Permanent dentition, maxillary, left side.
5. Deciduous dentition, maxillary, right side.
6. Deciduous dentition, maxillary, left side.
7. Deciduous dentition, mandibular, right side.
8. Deciduous dentition, mandibular, left side.

This with the FDI system, numbers 11 through 48 represent permanent teeth (maxillary
right central incisor, and mandibular right third molar), and numbers 51 through 85 represent
deciduous teeth (maxillary right central incisor and mandibular right second molar).

INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

DECIDUOUS DENTITION

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- 16 -
 PALMER NOTATION SYSTEM

The Palmer Notation System utilizes simple brackets to represent the four
quadrants of the dentition as if you are facing the patient: ｣ is upper right,⌊ is upper left,
⌉ is lower right, and ｢ is lower left the permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 8 is a
third molar, The number is placed within the bracket; so, for example, lower left central
incisor, lower left second premolar, and upper right canine would be shown as ｢1, ｢5,
and 3｣, respectively. On deciduous teeth, the same four brackets are used, but letters
of the alphabet A through E represent the primary teeth, central incisors becoming A.
Lateral incisors B. canines C, etc.

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PALMER NOTATION SYSTEM
PERMANENT TEETH

18
MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DECIDUOUS &

PERMANENT TEETH

Deciduous Teeth Permanent Teeth

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Geometric Form – I

Geometric Form – II

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 MEASUREMENTS OF THE TEETH : SPECIFICATIONS FOR
DRAWING & CARVING TEETH OF AVERAGE SIZE

Length Length Mesiodistal Mesiodistal Labio or Labio or Curvature Curvature

of of Root Diameter Diameter of Bucco Bucco of of
Crown of Crown Cervix Lingual Lingual Cervical Cervical
Diameter Diameter Line line Distal
at Cervix Mesial

Maxillary Teeth
Central Incisor

Lateral Incisor

Canine

First Premolar

Second Premolar

First Molar

Second Molar

Third Molar

Mandibular Teeth

Central Incisor

Lateral Incisor

Canine

First Premolar

Second Premolar

First Molar

Second Molar

Third Molar

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 PERMANENT MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

22
Topic: Date: ........................

23
Topic: Date: ........................

24
 PERMANENT MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge
25
Topic: Date: ........................

26
Topic: Date: ........................

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 PERMANENT MAXILLARY CANINE

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge
28
Topic: Date: ........................

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Topic: Date: ........................

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 PERMANENT MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge
31
Topic: Date: ........................

32
Topic: Date: ........................

33
 PERMANENT MAXILLARY SECOND PREMOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

34
Topic: Date: ........................

35
Topic: Date: ........................

36
 PERMANENT MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

37
Topic: Date: ........................

38
Topic: Date: ........................

39
 PERMANENT MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

40
Topic: Date: ........................

41
Topic: Date: ........................

42
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge
43
Topic: Date: ........................

44
Topic: Date: ........................

45
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge
46
Topic: Date: ........................

47
Topic: Date: ........................

48
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR CANINE

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

49
Topic: Date: ........................

50
Topic: Date: ........................

51
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST PREMOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

52
Topic: Date: ........................

53
Topic: Date: ........................

54
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR SECOND PREMOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

55
Topic: Date: ........................

56
Topic: Date: ........................

57
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

58
Topic: Date: ........................

59
Topic: Date: ........................

60
 PERMANENT MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR

- First evidence of calcification

- Enamel completed

- Eruption

- Root Completed

Measurement Table

(All measurements in mm)

Work started on __________________________

Work completed on _______________________

S.No Date Exercise Grade Sign.

Signature
Teacher-in-charge

61
Topic: Date: ........................

62
Topic: Date: ........................

63
ORAL HISTOLOGY

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 INDEX

S.No. Date Exercise Page No. Grade Signature

1. Microscope
2. Epithelium
2.1 Desquamated Epithelial Cell
2.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
2.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium
2.4 Cilliated Columnar Epithelium
2.5 Pseudo Stratified Columnar Epithelium
& Goblet cells
2.6 Transtitional Epithelium
3. Stains
3.1 PAP
3.2 Van Gieson’s
3.3 Gram’s
3.4 PAS
3.5 Leishman’s
4. Development of Tooth
4.1 Bud stage
4.2 Cap stage
4.3 Bell stage
4.4 Hertwig’s Epithelial root sheath
5. Enamel
5.1 Incremental Lines of Retzius
5.2 Enamel Tufts & Lamellae
5.3 Enamel Spindles
5.4 Hunter Schreger Bands
6. Dentin
6.1 Primary Curvature of Dentinal tubules
6.2 Y-shaped terminal branching &
secondary Curvature
6.3 Interglobular Dentin
6.4 Dead tracts & Reparative dentin
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 6.5 Junction between Primary & Secondary
Dentin
7. Cementum
7.1 Cellular Cementum with Sharpey’s
fibers
7.2 Acellular Cementum with Tome’s
Granular Layer
8. Periodontal Ligament
9. Pulp
10. Oral Mucous Membrane
10.1 Masticatory Mucosa
10.2 Lining Mucosa
10.3 Specialized Mucosa
10.4 Filiform Papilla
10.5 Fungiform Papilla
10.6 Circumvallate Papilla
11. Salivary Gland
11.1 Mucous
11.2 Serous
11.3 Mixed

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TISSUE PROCESSING

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