Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
July 1, 2019
Ex. 2: Three sided precast culvert with no skew, LRFD Specs ............................... 50
a. Table 2: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 3: Four sided precast box culvert with 30˚ skew, LRFD Specs ........................ 93
a. Table 3: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 4: Two-Cell precast box culvert with no skew, LRFD Specs........................... 133
a. Table 4: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 5: Box culvert Permit Vehicle Design and Rating, LRFD Specs ..................... 179
a. Table 5: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 6: Four sided precast box culvert with no skew, AREMA Specs.................... 254
a. Table 6: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 7: Four sided precast box culvert with no skew, CHBDC Specs .................... 291
a. Table 7: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 8: Type II precast box culvert with no skew, LRFD Specs .............................. 326
a. Table 8: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Ex. 9: Type I precast box culvert with no skew, LRFD Specs ............................... 370
a. Table 9: Comparisons of Key Eriksson Culvert Results to Mathcad Calculations
b. Eriksson Culvert Output: Main View, Detailed Text Report
c. Mathcad Verification Calculations
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 0.887 0.880 0.8%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 0.783 0.779 0.5%
Top Corner-Bar AE1 0.492 0.494 -0.4%
Bottom Corner-Bar A2 0.584 0.582 0.3%
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar CE1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Load Rating
MBE 6A.4.2.1
A100-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.02 1.03 -1.0%
A100-Flexure Operating Rating 1.32 1.34 -1.5%
A200- Flexure Inventory Rating 1.15 1.17 -1.7%
A200- Flexure Operating Rating 1.49 1.51 -1.3%
Top Slab LT- Shear Inventory Rating 1.09 1.09 0.0%
Bottom Slab LT-Shear Inventory Rating 1.32 1.31 0.8%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 16'-0"
Clear Height: 8'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-0"
Bottom Slab: 11"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 1.99 ft
8'-0"
x
Length: 8'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8" 17'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
1'-0"
Allow Stress: 36 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
8'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Ext. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Top Slab 1"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
11"
Loads 10" 16'-0" 10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.000 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.781 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 14.247 cy
1'-4" 11 CE1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4" 1'-4" 11 C100 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4"
1'-2 1/2" 6 C1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-2 1/2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
3"
4"
4"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
12 B2 Bars @ 8"
12 B2 Bars @ 8"
4"
4"
3"
3"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
3" 6 AE300 Bars @ 1'-6" 3"
3"
16 A100 Bars @ 6"
3"
4"
9 A200 Bars @ 11"
4"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
4"
4"
4"
12 AE1 Bars @ 8"
12 A2 Bars @ 8"
12 A2 Bars @ 8"
4"
4"
4"
4"
Top Slab Corner Reinf. Bottom Slab Corner Reinf.
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 8th Edition
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 16.0000 ft Fill Depth : 1.99 ft
Clear Height: 8.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 8.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 0.0000 in Bot Slab: 0.0000 in
Ext Wall: 0.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight Density Modification Factor : 1.00
Fr Factor : 0.24 Gamma1 : 1.60 Gamma3 : 1.00
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 0.6fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : no
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
EQ: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 2.0000 in 1.0000 in
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -4.46 -3.45 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 1- 0 0.34 0.06 0.00 2.26 0.53 0.00
1- 1 -4.15 -3.39 0.00 0.57 0.10 0.00 1- 1 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.67 0.42 0.00
1- 2 -3.84 -3.34 0.00 1.82 0.43 0.00 1- 2 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.13 0.31 0.00
1- 3 -3.53 -3.29 0.00 2.61 0.67 0.00 1- 3 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.63 0.21 0.00
1- 4 -3.22 -3.24 0.00 2.98 0.80 0.00 1- 4 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.19 0.10 0.00
1- 5 -2.91 -3.18 0.00 2.97 0.84 0.00 1- 5 0.34 0.06 0.00 -0.21 -0.01 0.00
1- 6 -2.61 -3.13 0.00 2.62 0.79 0.00 1- 6 0.34 0.06 0.00 -0.56 -0.12 0.00
1- 7 -2.30 -3.08 0.00 1.98 0.64 0.00 1- 7 0.34 0.06 0.00 -0.87 -0.22 0.00
1- 8 -1.99 -3.03 0.00 1.09 0.39 0.00 1- 8 0.34 0.06 0.00 -1.12 -0.33 0.00
1- 9 -1.68 -2.97 0.00 -0.01 0.04 0.00 1- 9 0.34 0.06 0.00 -1.33 -0.44 0.00
1-10 -1.37 -2.92 0.00 -1.27 -0.40 0.00 1-10 0.34 0.06 0.00 -1.48 -0.55 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -1.37 -2.92 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 0 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 0.58 0.19 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 1 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 2.06 2.62 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 2 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 3.13 4.34 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 3 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 3.76 5.38 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 4 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 3.98 5.73 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 3.76 5.38 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 6 -0.25 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 3.13 4.34 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 7 -0.50 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 2.06 2.62 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 8 -0.76 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 0.58 0.19 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2- 9 -1.01 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -1.37 -2.92 0.00 -1.31 -0.40 0.00 2-10 -1.34 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -4.46 -3.45 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 0 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 -0.74 -0.33 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 1 1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 2.16 2.09 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 2 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 4.23 3.82 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 3 0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 5.47 4.86 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 4 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 5.88 5.20 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 5.47 4.86 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 6 -0.49 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 4.23 3.82 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 7 -0.98 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 2.16 2.09 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 8 -1.47 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 -0.74 -0.33 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4- 9 -1.97 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -4.46 -3.45 0.00 -1.19 -0.32 0.00 4-10 -2.46 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 -0.34 -0.06 0.00 1.48 0.55 0.00
4 0.34 0.06 0.00 2.26 0.53 0.00
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.387 3.12
2 1.547 3.12 14.00
3 1.547 3.12 14.00
Tandem 1 1.209 3.12
1.1 Input
1.2 Preliminary Check
1.3 Loads
1.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
1.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
1.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.8 Service Stress Check
1.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
1.10 Shear Strength Check
1.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
1.12 Fatigue Analysis
1.13 Deflection Check
1.14 Load Rating
1.15 Reinforcement Details
1.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi w c 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 107.5 in
Design_Span
18
tts c12.11.2.1 "Edge Beam Not-Required"
2
single haunch: th
w dha wc 1 ft w dha 0.033 kip
weight 2
wall weight w wall twa w c 1 ft w wall 0.125 klf
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
1 kip
w bottom wdts Design_Span 2 w wall Design_Height Design_Span
w bottom 0.283
ft
Soil-Structure : Hs
F e min1 0.2 1.15 if Fill_type = "compacted"
Interaction Factor Bc
F e 1.023
H
min1 0.2 1.4 otherwise
s
Bc (LRFD 12.11.2.2)
kip
w e Fe γs Hs 1 ft w e 0.244
ft
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
kip
w eh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft w eh_top_min 0.06
ft
kip
w eh_bot_min γsmin H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_min 0.343
ft
Maximum Case
kip
w eh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft w eh_top_max 0.119
ft
kip
w eh_bot_max γsmax H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_max 0.687
ft
Figure 2: Cross section of box culvert with Static Loading Diagram
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 24.791 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
1.2
1.00
MPF Wheel_Gage 6 ft
0.85 Tire_Length 10in
Lane_Sep 4 ft Fill_SlopeLRFD 1.15
0.65 Tire_Width 20in
(LRFD 3.6.1.2.6) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.5)
(LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1) (LRFD 3.6.1.3.1)
Eperp min2 L 96in 1.44in
Clear_Span
(LRFD 4.6.2.10.2-1)
Eperp 9.92 ft
ft
Distribution width Parallel to Span:
DisWid Eperp
qq
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 NLanes
DisWid Eperp
qq q
For fill depths less than 2ft article (LRFD C4.6.2.10.2) the load length parallel to span in equation (4.6.2.10.2-2) may be
conservatively neglected and the load can be analyzed as a distributed line load beneath the wheels of each design vehicle
which is the default in Eriksson Culvert. This action can be removed and the distribution through the fill may be kept be
selecting to always distribute wheel load under the analysis option dialog box.
P axle naxle w axle for q 1 naxle
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck naxle.Truck T
WTruck ( 0.387 1.547 1.547 ) ksf
P truck Paxle naxle.Truck WTruck T
P truck ( 1.208 4.831 4.831 ) klf
Tandem:
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem naxle.Tandem T
Wtandem ( 1.209 1.209 ) ksf
P tandem Paxle naxle.Tandem Wtandem T
P tandem ( 3.774 3.774 ) klf
Lane Loading:
Not applicable for box culverts under all spans
Bottom_Load naxle paxle augment for q 1 naxle
for q 1 naxle
q q
Ptop
q paxle
j
P top
q
reverse paxle j
j 1 j 1
Ptop P top
Wbot Wbot
q Design_Span q Design_Span
Truck: 0.072 0.287
Wbot.Truck Bottom_Load naxle.Truck Ptruck Wbot.Truck 0.359 0.574 ksf
0.646 0.646
Tandem:
Wbot.Tandem Bottom_Load naxle.Tandem P tandem Wbot.Tandem
0.224 0.224
ksf
0.448 0.448
Load Modifier:
ηmax max ηR ηI ηD 0.95 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-2)
ηmin min
1
1.0
(LRFD 1.3.2.1-3)
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.30 γEH 1.35 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.75
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.75
T T
h ( 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 11 11 11 ) in cover ( 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 ) in
4.46 3.45 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 0.00 8.47 0.34 0.06 0.00 2.26 0.53 0.00 0.70 0.24
3.39 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.24
4.15 0.57 0.10 0.00 0.00 7.84
0.34 0.06 0.00 1.67 0.42
3.84 3.34 0.00 1.82 0.43 0.00 0.00 7.22 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.13 0.31 0.00 0.70 0.24
3.53 3.29 0.00 2.61 0.67 0.00 0.00 6.80
0.34 0.06 0.00 0.63 0.21 0.00 0.70 0.24
3.22 3.24 0.00 2.98 0.80 0.00 0.00 6.94 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.19 0.10 0.00 0.70 0.24
M wa 2.91 3.18 0.00 2.97 0.84 0.00 0.00 7.12 kip ft V wa 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.24 kip
2.61 3.13 0.00 2.62 0.79 0.00 0.00 7.30 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.56 0.12 0.00 0.70 0.24
2.30 3.08 0.00 1.98 0.64 0.00 0.00 7.50 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.87 0.22 0.00 0.70 0.24
1.99 3.03 0.00 1.09 0.39 0.00 0.00 7.70 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.12 0.33 0.00 0.70 0.24
1.68 2.97 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.20 7.91 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.33 0.44 0.00 0.70 0.24
1.37 2.92 0.00 1.27 0.40 0.00 0.10 8.11 0.34 0.06 0.00 1.48 0.55 0.00 0.70 0.24
1.37 2.92 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 0.10 8.11 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.01 0.00
0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 3.99 2.36 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.26 0.45
0.58 0.19 1.01
2.06 2.62 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 8.93 0.00 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.47 0.92
3.13 4.34 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 13.06 0.00
0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.68 1.41
3.76 5.38 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 15.50 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.89 2.07
M ts 3.98 5.73 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 16.20 0.00 kip ft V ts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.12 2.12 kip
3.76 5.38 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 15.50 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.37 2.89
3.13 4.34 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 13.06 0.00 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 3.68
2.06 2.62 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 8.93 0.00 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 4.47
0.58 0.19 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 3.99 2.36 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 5.26
1.37 2.92 0.00 1.31 0.40 0.00 0.10 8.11 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.01
Bottom Slab:
4.46 3.45 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 0.00 8.47 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61 0.00
0.33 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00
0.74 0.12 1.48
1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 0.00
2.16 2.09 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 4.38 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77 0.00
4.23 3.82 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 7.88 0.00
0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.00
5.47 4.86 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 10.20 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00
M bs 5.88 5.20 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 10.96 0.00 kip ft V bs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 kip
5.47 4.86 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 10.20 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93
4.23 3.82 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 7.88 0.00 0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85
2.16 2.09 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 4.38 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77
0.74 0.33 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 0.12 1.48 1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69
4.46 3.45 0.00 1.19 0.32 0.00 0.00 8.47 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
TSstr1c.m Str1.c M ts 11 WAstr1c.m Str1.c M wa 11 BSstr1c.m Str1.c Mbs 11
TSstr1c.v Str1.c V ts 11 WAstr1c.v Str1.c V wa 11 BSstr1c.v Str1.c Vbs 11
Str1 C Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m M ts 11
M str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m M wa 11
M str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m M bs 11
V str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v V ts 11 V str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v V wa 11 V str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v V bs 11
P str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m P ts 11 P str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m P wa 11 P str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m P bs 11
Sv 1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11
WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11
BSsv1c.m Sv 1.c M bs 11
TSsv1c.v Sv 1.c V ts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv 1.c V wa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m M ts 11
M s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m M wa 11
M s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
V s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 V s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 V s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.v V bs 11
P s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m P ts 11 P s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m P wa 11 P s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
M str1 augment M str1.wa M str1.ts M str1.bs
M s1 augment Ms1.wa M s1.ts Ms1.bs
V str1 augment V str1.wa V str1.ts V str1.bs V s1 augment Vs1.wa V s1.ts Vs1.bs
P str1 augment P str1.wa P str1.ts P str1.bs P s1 augment Ps1.wa P s1.ts Ps1.bs
9.286 27.049 6.33 22.17 9.286 27.049 8.505 17.89 4.845 14.11 8.505 17.89
5.841 22.802 6.776 5.626 2.215 6.11
6.87 15.095 4.105 3.3 1.545 4.06
3.252 20.139 20.429 1.744 12.011 1.658 4.93 13.49 12.955 2.97 8.035 2.74
1.442 18.241 31.231 4.255 22.972 5.078
3.54 12.315 19.875 5.76 15.335 6.54
0.391 17.7 37.64 5.758 29.934 7.13 2.68 11.91 23.985 7.43 19.935 8.82
M str1 0.001 17.558 39.595 6.271 32.219 7.805 kip ft Ms1 2.28
11.725 25.255 8 21.445 9.57 kip
0.246 17.748 37.64 5.758 29.934 7.13 2.33 11.73 23.985 7.43 19.935 8.82
1.049 18.222 31.231 4.255 22.972 5.078 2.76 11.89 19.875 5.76 15.335 6.54
2.364 18.92 20.429 1.744 12.011 1.658 3.54 12.175 12.955 2.97 8.035 2.74
4.129 19.813 6.776 5.626 2.215 6.11 4.42 12.565 4.105 3.3 1.545 4.06
6.275 22.115 6.33 22.17 9.286 27.049 4.825 14.07 4.845 14.11 8.505 17.89
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
5.706 2.117 14.87 3.06 13.821 4.068 3.89 1.29 9.41 3.4 9.13 4.52
4.718 1.586 12.6 2.385 11.052 3.249
3.19 0.995 7.91 2.2 7.3 3.61
3.796 1.1 10.371 0.939 8.284 2.43 2.54 0.725 6.46 1.07 5.47 2.7
2.946 0.65 8.131 0.776 5.529 1.62
1.94 0.475 5 0.09 3.65 1.8
2.159 0.254 5.903 2.777 2.773 0.81 1.39 0.255 3.55 1.41 1.83 0.9
V str1 1.539 0.218 3.71 3.71 0.105 0.105 kip V s1 0.995 0.06 2.12 2.12 0.06 0.06 kip
1.224 0.883 1.552 5.903 0.81 2.773 0.82 0.52 0.71 3.55 0.9 1.83
0.945 1.477 0.343 8.131 1.62 5.529 0.665 0.93 0.55 5 1.8 3.65
0.72 2.006 1.791 10.371 2.43 8.284 0.54 1.29 1.62 6.46 2.7 5.47
0.531 2.482 2.385 12.6 3.249 11.052 0.435 1.61 2.56 7.91 3.61 7.3
0.396 2.878 3.06 14.87 4.068 13.821 0.36 1.87 3.4 9.41 4.52 9.13
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 8.958 ft Design_Span 16.833 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
jmax last( vector) jmax last( vector)
jj1 jj1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j jmax break if j jmax
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h1 h2 t1 t2 for h h1 h2
for t t1 t2
CS t Ltrace
lt
Pert
Ltrace Ltrace
h t l t
Intforce Pert Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h t lt l t
Intforce
M str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M str1 1 2 1 4
V str1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V str1 1 2 1 4
M str1.ts Intforce CS moment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7 V str1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
M str1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mstr1 5 6 8 10 V str1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vstr1 5 6 8 10
M s1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M s1 1 2 1 4 V s1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V s1 1 2 1 4
M s1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M s1 3 4 5 7 V s1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V s1 3 4 5 7
M s1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 V s1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vs1 5 6 8 10
P str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa P str1 1 2 1 4
M str1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
V str1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
P str1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
M s1.all stack M s1.wall submatrix M s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
V s1.all stack V s1.wall submatrix V s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
P s1.all stack P s1.wall submatrix P s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
M sr1 Mst for g 1 10
P sr1 Pst for g 1 10
Caseg 2 if Section T
g = "Neg" Caseg
2 if Section
T
g = "Neg"
1 otherwise
1 otherwise
P str P st
M str M st
g
g Case
g
g Case
g
g
P str 1
M str
V sr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
M d.bs M bs γDC M bs γEV Mbs γDW M bs γEH M p.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
M d stack M p.wall submatrix M p.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix M p.bs 8 10 1 1
9.42 "BOT"
3.762 "MID +"
4.214 "MID -" exterior wall
6.178 "TOP" -------------------
5.031 "LT"
Md kip ft
10.655 "MID" top slab
5.031 "RT"
-------------------
8.434 "LT"
12.503 "MID"
bottom slab
8.434 "RT"
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
2.0 0.33
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 120000ksi K 1 Ec 4592.23 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
emin max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
M str1
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
M str1 Mstr1
M str1 if emin
i i
Mstr1 emin Nstr1
i i Nstr1 i i i Mstr1
i i
T
M str1 ( 23.691 0.255 17.7 20.187 16.437 39.595 16.437 19.275 32.219 19.275 ) kip ft
k Ht
slender check if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slender check "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Ratio of the maximum factored permanent moment to ultimate moment
Md
q
β d T
q Mstr1 β d ( 0.398 14.753 0.238 0.306 )
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
Cm 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.6.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
Cm
δq min 1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
6 "BOT" 9
6 "MID +" 18
6 "MID -" exterior wall 9
6 "TOP" ------------------- 9
6 "LT" 9 in
BarNO spacing
7 "MID" top slab 8 ft
6 "RT" 9
-------------------
6 "LT" 9
8 "MID" bottom slab 11
6 "RT" 9
BarA BarASBarNO T 2
i i BarA ( 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.6 0.44 0.44 0.79 0.44 ) in
BarD BarDBBarNO T
i i BarD ( 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.875 0.75 0.75 1 0.75 ) in
Effective Depth to the non-prestressed reinforcing (LRFD 5.6.3.2.2)
BarD
i T
ds hi coveri ds ( 8.625 8.625 8.625 8.625 9.625 10.562 9.625 9.625 9.5 9.625 ) in
i 2
BarD
dc min coveri 2 in
i T
dc ( 1.375 1.375 1.375 1.375 2.375 1.438 2.375 1.375 1.5 1.375 ) in
i 2
Coefficient of Flexural Resistance and reinforcement ratio
fc' 4 ksi
β 1 if fc' 4 ksi 0.85 if fc' 8 ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05 β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.6.2.2)
ksi
Mstr1
Rn
i
i
2
T
Rn 0.318 3.428 10
3
0.238 0.271 0.177 0.355 0.177 0.208 0.357 0.208 ksi
ϕf b ds
i
2 Rn
fc'
i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0055 0.0001 0.0041 0.0047 0.003 0.0062 0.003 0.0036 0.0062 0.0036 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
A s_req ρreq ds b A s_req ( 0.572 0.006 0.423 0.484 0.349 0.784 0.349 0.411 0.709 0.411 ) in
i i i
BarA
sp req i T
sp req ( 9.237 892.581 12.494 10.907 15.13 9.184 15.13 12.852 13.362 12.852
i As_req
i
T
csp if sp req spacing i "OK" "NG" csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
M a 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2 2
A s_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if A s_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β 1 c
M n2 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
P o2 0.85 fc' b hi As_req A s_req2 fy
P tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds A s_req2 fy
i
hi hi
M tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds A s_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s_req2 fy ds
i 2
Po2 Nstr1
i
M n.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr1 Ptc2
Ptc2 str1i i
0.582
M cc if N str1 = Pcc
i 0.006
M tc2 otherwise
0.433
ϕ 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc 0.494
i 0.369 2
A s.req_new( i) in
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc2
i 0.880
0.369
( 0.75 0.90) M
0.90 n.all Mtc2 otherwise
Mcc Mtc2 0.421
0.779
M a ϕ M n.all
0.421
A s_req2
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.86 0.43 0.86 0.86 0.86 1.32 0.86 0.86 1.27 0.86 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003 T
εt ( 0.027 0.057 0.027 0.027 0.03 0.021 0.03 0.03 0.019 0.03 )
i ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.6.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
ai β 1 ci T
a ( 0.69 0.35 0.69 0.69 0.69 1.06 0.69 0.69 1.01 0.69 ) in
ai
M n As fy ds T
i i i 2 M n ( 24.29 12.4 24.29 24.29 27.22 45.15 27.22 27.22 38.75 27.22 ) kip ft
T
M r ϕf M n M r ( 24.29 12.4 24.29 24.29 27.22 45.15 27.22 27.22 38.75 27.22 ) kip ft
i i
T
M tc ( 51.391 46.074 51.391 51.391 66.547 79.997 66.547 61.878 66.595 61.878 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
i hi
ab β 1 P cc 0.85 fc' b ab A s fy M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s fy ds
i 0.003 Es fy i i i i i i i i 2
T
P cc ( 173.07 190.67 173.07 173.07 197.21 201.05 197.21 197.21 177.69 197.21 ) kip
T
M cc ( 61.97 56.66 61.97 61.97 82.71 94.91 82.71 74.49 79.38 74.49 ) kip ft
M tc otherwise
i
M a ϕi Mn.all T
i i M a ( 25.61 11.97 25.61 25.61 25.40 40.52 25.40 26.09 35.44 26.09 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.24ksi λ (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.537 ksi
ksi
3
b hi
Gross Moment of Inertia: Ig
i 12
Ig
Distance to Extreme: hi i
yi Section Modulus: S c
Neutral Axis 2 i yi
Flexural cracking
γ1 1.6 Yield to ultimate ratio: γ3 0.67 (LRFD 5.6.3.3)
variability factor
Cracking moment
M cr γ3 γ1 fr S c
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 M cr 1.33 M str1 "OK" "NG"
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1
i i
ρi n (LRFD 5.6.1) n 6.315
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
M s1.abs M s1 N s1.abs N s1
Simplified Method i i i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei 1
ei max 1.15 ds
i
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i12.11.3
Ns1.abs i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs N s1.abs ds
700 in γe
i i 2
fss min0.6 fy
i
(LRFD C.12.11.3) s max1 2 dc
i A s j i i12.11.3 ds i fss i (LRFD 5.6.7)
i i i βs
i
i ksi
T
fss ( 32.768 6.329 22.834 25.206 22.628 35.214 22.628 26.645 34.128 26.645 ) ksi
T
s max1 ( 14.65 87.34 22.22 19.87 18.12 13.77 18.12 19.07 13.74 19.07 ) in
T
s max min smax1 s max2 s max ( 14.6 15 15 15 18 13.8 18 16.5 13.7 16.5 ) in
i i i
Effective depth ds N s1
dr in Applied Axial Load P r kip
in kip
Steel Centroid to
dc.r dc
tension fiber
Guess x 3
Given
hr hr As.r hr A s.r
3 i 2 i i i i
P r dr x 3 Mr P r dr 3 P r dr x 6 n Mr P r dr x 6 n M r Pr dr =0
i i i i i 2 i i i i i 2 br dr i i i 2 br dr
i i
T
x ( 0.278 0.28 0.294 0.289 0.237 0.257 0.237 0.246 0.27 0.246 in
)
hr
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss fc n 1
3 i br xi dr j i dr i i xi
i i
T
fc ( 1.974 0.351 1.497 1.611 1.082 1.918 1.082 1.346 1.974 1.346 ) ksi
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.6
1.3 b hts
ii
A s.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.6)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.5.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
hts max tts tbs twa A s.ts.req 0.002 hts b A s.ts.req 0.288 in
2
Check Temperature and Shrinkage Steel Requirement per LRFD 5.10.6-1 and LRFD 5.10.6-2
ii
check5.10.8_1 if A s.ts.req 1 ft As.ts ii "OK" "NG" T
check5.10.8_1 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
BarA.ds BarASBarNO.ds T 2
iii iii BarA.ds ( 0.2 0.2 ) in
BarA.ds 2
iii T in
A s.ds A s.ds ( 0.24 0.2 )
iii spacing ds ft
iii
1
A s.req As min 0.50 As if Hs 2 ft
(LRFD 9.7.3.2)
Clear_Span twa
ft
0.2% hts b otherwise
fc'
V c.5.7.3.3 min0.25λ fc' b dv 0.0316ksi β λ b dv (LRFD 5.7.3.3)
i i ksi i
V r Vc ϕv λ
i i
Note: Top slab is in tension at midspan and iterative beta method will be used, calculation for this will be shown in a
following verification problem Vr 13.85 kip
6
T
V r ( 12.64 12.90 12.64 12.64 14.16 13.85 14.16 14.16 13.73 14.16 ) kip
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflection point.h 22.75 in Inflection point.v 5.28in
Coating factor Mod ep if spacing ft 3 BarD 1.5 if clear 6 BarD 1.5 1.2 Mod ep 1.2
4 4
4 4
Excess A s.req_new( 4 )
reinforcement Mod as Mod as 0.842
factor As
4
2 Atr
Transverse in in
A tr 0.20 s tr 12 ntr 1.0 ktr 40 0.667 in
reinforcement ft ft str ntr
index
BarD
4
cb min coverte min ( spacing ft) 2.375 in
2
BarD
Confinement
4
Mod c min max
c k 0.4 1.0 0.4 Mod c 0.4
factor b tr
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 25.383 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span ds (LRFD 5.10.8.2.1c) Exlength 25.383 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflection point.h Cutoffh 4.011 ft
Moment capacity:
As7 fy
cAs7 0.294 in
Depth of neutral axis: 0.85 fc' β1 b
BarDB BarAs7
dAs7 tts cover te 9.75 in
Depth of steel: 2
dAs7 cAs7
Strain in steel: εt.As7 0.003 0.096
cAs7
cAs7
Strain check: cy.As7 if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" "OK"
dAs7
aAs7
Moment capacity: M n.As7 As7 fy dAs7 9.632 kip ft
2
Mr.As7 Mstr1.top.slab
Location where As7 takeover: As7_takeover 1
2 0.1 Design_Span 1.276 ft
M str1.top.slab Mstr1.top.slab
2 1
Development of As7:
Mod ep if spacing 12.0ft 6 BarD 1.5 if cover te 3 BarD 1.5 if cover we 3 BarD 1.5 1.2 1.5
4 4 4 4
Spacing: Mod s if spacing ft 6 in 1 if clear 3 BarD 1 0.8 0.8
4 4
4
Condition Factor ψc 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.3) System factor ψs 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.4)
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
M rat.wa Intforce CSmoment Lwa M wa 1 8 1 4
V rat.wa Intforce CSshear Lwa V wa 1 8 1 4
M rat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M ts 1 8 5 7 V rat.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V ts 1 8 5 7
M rat.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mbs 1 8 8 10 V rat.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vbs 1 8 8 10
M rat.all stack M rat.wa submatrix M rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 8 10 1 8
V rat.all stack V rat.wa submatrix V rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 8 10 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 10
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci Ci
LL i if Section i = "Neg" Intf Intf
T
i 8 i 7
LL mod if LL i = 0 0.0001kip ft LL i
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 3
i γLL Intf
i 5
RF tot augment RF 1 RF2 RF 3
T i
RF min minRFtot
i
RF min
IRmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL T
IRmoment ( 1.15 9.14 1.65 1.39 1.79 1.03 1.79 1.63 1.17 1.63 )
IRshear RFs Cshear Vrat.all γLL T
IRshear ( 5.24 10.27 29.39 9.79 1.09 3.73 1.09 1.31 99.00 1.31 )
OR moment RF Cmoment M rat.all γLL.OR T
OR moment ( 1.5 11.85 2.14 1.8 2.32 1.34 2.32 2.11 1.51 2.11 )
OR shear RFs Cshear V rat.all γLL.OR
T
OR shear ( 6.79 13.32 38.09 12.69 1.41 4.84 1.41 1.7 99 1.7 )
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 1.277 1.275 0.2%
Exterior Walls-Bar B2 0.517 0.520 -0.6%
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C1 0.204 0.204 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.204 0.204 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.204 0.204 0.0%
Load Rating
MBE 6A.4.2.1
A100-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.08 1.08 0.0%
A100-Flexure Operating Rating 1.39 1.39 0.0%
Top Slab LT- Shear Inventory Rating 0.99 0.99 0.0%
Top Slab LT-Shear Operating Rating 1.29 1.28 0.8%
Deflection Check
LRFD 3.6.1.3.2 (in)
Truck Live Load 0.060 0.060 0.0%
Tandem Live Load 0.077 0.077 0.0%
Lane Load 0.011 0.011 0.0%
LRFD 2.5.2.6.2 (in)
Live Load Deflection Criteria 1/3740 1/3740 0.0%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 24'-0"
Clear Height: 8'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-5"
Ext. Wall: 1'-0"
Fill Depth: 4.00 ft z
Length: 4'-0"
4'-0"
x
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Pinned
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8" 26'-0"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel Plan View
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
Allow Stress: 60 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
Exposure Factor
Class 1 Exposure
1'-5"
Reinforcement Covers
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
y
Ext. Cover Walls 1 1/2"
Int. Cover Walls 1 1/2" x
8'-0"
Int. Top Slab 1 1/2"
Loads
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel 1'-0" 24'-0" 1'-0"
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered)
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.100 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none Typical Section
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.973 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 7.893 cy
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
2"
2" 12 A100 Bars @ 4"
2"
2" 5 A1 Bars @ 11"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 5th Edition 2010
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: ThreeSidedCulvert
Clear Span : 24.0000 ft Fill Depth : 4.00 ft
Clear Height: 8.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 4.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: No Bottom Slab, Pinned Supports
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 0.0000 in Bot Slab: 0.0000 in
Ext Wall: 0.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Fr Factor : 0.37
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 1fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : yes Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : yes
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.10 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
EQ: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 0.950 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 2.0000 in 1.5000 in
Walls : 1.5000 in 1.5000 in
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1- 0 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 2.52 0.47 0.00
1- 1 -0.67 -1.55 -0.31 1.90 0.36 0.00 1- 1 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 1.84 0.37 0.00
1- 2 -1.34 -3.10 -0.63 3.23 0.64 0.00 1- 2 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 1.21 0.26 0.00
1- 3 -2.00 -4.65 -0.94 4.03 0.82 0.00 1- 3 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 0.62 0.16 0.00
1- 4 -2.67 -6.20 -1.25 4.34 0.91 0.00 1- 4 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 0.08 0.05 0.00
1- 5 -3.34 -7.75 -1.57 4.19 0.91 0.00 1- 5 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -0.41 -0.05 0.00
1- 6 -4.01 -9.30 -1.88 3.63 0.82 0.00 1- 6 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -0.87 -0.16 0.00
1- 7 -4.68 -10.85 -2.19 2.70 0.64 0.00 1- 7 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -1.27 -0.26 0.00
1- 8 -5.34 -12.40 -2.51 1.44 0.37 0.00 1- 8 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -1.63 -0.36 0.00
1- 9 -6.01 -13.95 -2.82 -0.12 0.01 0.00 1- 9 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -1.94 -0.47 0.00
1-10 -6.68 -15.50 -3.13 -1.93 -0.45 0.00 1-10 -0.77 -1.78 -0.36 -2.21 -0.57 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -6.68 -15.50 -3.13 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 0 2.74 6.18 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 -0.66 -1.59 -0.32 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 1 2.13 4.95 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 3.99 9.24 1.87 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 2 1.59 3.71 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 7.31 16.97 3.43 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 3 1.06 2.47 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 9.30 21.61 4.37 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 4 0.53 1.24 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 9.96 23.15 4.68 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 9.30 21.61 4.37 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 6 -0.53 -1.24 -0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 7.31 16.97 3.43 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 7 -1.06 -2.47 -0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 3.99 9.24 1.87 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 8 -1.59 -3.71 -0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 -0.66 -1.59 -0.32 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2- 9 -2.13 -4.95 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -6.68 -15.50 -3.13 -1.96 -0.45 0.00 2-10 -2.74 -6.18 -1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 2.74 6.18 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.77 1.78 0.36 2.21 0.57 0.00
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.168 5.43
2 0.671 5.43 14.00
3 0.671 5.43 14.00
Tandem 1 0.604 9.43
2.1 Input
2.2 Preliminary Check
2.3 Loads
2.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
2.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
2.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
2.7 Flexural Strength Check
2.8 Service Stress Check
2.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
2.10 Shear Strength Check
2.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
2.12 Fatigue Analysis
2.13 Deflection Check
2.14 Load Rating
2.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi wc 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
c12.14.5.4
"Shear Transfer Not Adequate" if Design_Span 10ft tts
30
c12.14.5.4 "Shear Transfer Adequate"
Hs 2 ft
(LRFD 12.14.5.4)
"Shear Transfer Adequate" otherwise
2.3 Loads
Dead Loads (DC):
top slab: wdts wc tts 1 ft wdts 0.212 klf
2
single haunch: hauncht
wdha wc 1 ft wdha 0.033 kip
weight 2
wall weight wwall twa Ht wc 1 ft wwall 1.2 kip
Soil-Structure : Hs
Fe min1 0.2 1.15 if Fill_type = "compacted"
Interaction Factor Bc
Fe 1.031
Hs
min 1 0.2 1.4 otherwise
Bc (LRFD 12.11.2.2)
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
weh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft weh_top_min 0.12 klf
weh_bot_min γsmin H s H t tts 1 ft weh_bot_min 0.403 klf
Maximum Case
weh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft weh_top_max 0.24 klf
weh_bot_max γsmax H s H t tts 1 ft weh_bot_max 0.805 klf
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 16.5 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
Axle_Spacingtandem 4 ft
checkoverlap if Dis_WidthT Wheel_Gage "Areas Overlap" "No Overlap use indivdual areas"
checkoverlap "Areas Overlap"
Waxle p axle saxle naxle Al for q 1 naxle
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 NLanes
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck n axle.Truck T
WTruck ( 0.168 0.671 0.671 ) ksf
Tandem:
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem n axle.Tandem T
Wtandem ( 0.604 ) ksf
Lane Loading:
Lane_Loadarea for i 1 4
0.053
Dist_Widthi Hs Fill_SlopeLRFD i 10ft
0.052
Lane_Loadarea ksf
Lane_Load i MPFLRFD 0.047
Lane_Loadarea
i
i Dist_Widthi 0.037
This is the load used as a distributed
Lane_Loadarea load per foot width, for both the top and
bottom slab
The corresponding lane width for the controlling lane load case
Caselane
match max Lane_Loadarea Lane_Loadarea Caselane 1
ηmin min
1
1.0 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-3) ηmin 1
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.30 γEH 1.35 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.75
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.75
Figure 2: Structural Analysis Idealization Model
Exterior Wall:
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
TSstr1c.m Str1.c Mts 11 WAstr1c.m Str1.c Mwa 11
TSstr1c.v Str1.c Vts 11 WAstr1c.v Str1.c Vwa 11
Str1 C Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Pstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Pts 11 Pstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Pwa 11
Sv1.c Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Ms1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Mts 11
Ms1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Mwa 11
Vs1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 Vs1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11
Ps1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Pts 11 Ps1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Pwa 11
Mstr1 augment Mstr1.waMstr1.ts
Ms1 augment Ms1.wa Ms1.ts
Vstr1 augment Vstr1.waVstr1.ts Vs1 augment Vs1.wa Vs1.ts
Critical Sections Design Strength Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Strength I:
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tts Design_Height 8.708 ft Design_Span 25 ft i 1 7 j 1 11
0.0001in 0 "BOT"
0.5 Design_Height 52.25 "MID +"
exterior wall
0.5 Design_Height 52.25 "MID -"
Design_Height t 0.5
CS moment 96 in
CS moment "TOP"
ts -------------------
twa 0.5 6 "LT"
150 "MID"
0.5 Design_Span top slab
Design_Span t 0.5 294 "RT"
wa
Db
d s.assume hi coveri d v.assume max0.9 d s.assume 0.72 hi
i 2 i i
0.0001in
0.5 Design_Height 0 "BOT"
52.25 "MID +"
0.5 Design_Height exterior wall
52.25 "MID -"
Design_Height tts 0.5 dv.assume
CS shear 87 in
CS shear 4 "TOP"
-------------------
twa 0.5 dv.assume 19.05 "LT"
5 150 "MID"
0.5 Design_Span top slab
280.95 "RT"
Design_Span twa 0.5 dv.assume7
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
j max last( vector) j max last( vector)
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h 1 h 2 t1 t2 for h h 1 h2
for t t1 t2
tracel LB L CS t
t
traceh UB L CS t
t
CSt L trace
l
t
Per t
L trace Ltrace
h l
t t
Intforce Per t Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h l l
t t t
Intforce
Mstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Mstr1 1 2 1 4
Vstr1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vstr1 1 2 1 4
Mstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7
Vstr1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
Ms1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ms1 1 2 1 4 Vs1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vs1 1 2 1 4
Ms1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ms1 3 4 5 7 Vs1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vs1 3 4 5 7
Pstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Pstr1 1 2 1 4 Ps1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ps1 1 2 1 4
Pstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Pstr1 3 4 5 7 Ps1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ps1 3 4 5 7
Mstr1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 Ms1.all stack Ms1.wall submatrix Ms1.ts 5 7 3 4
Vstr1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 Vs1.all stack Vs1.wall submatrix Vs1.ts 5 7 3 4
Pstr1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 Ps1.all stack Ps1.wall submatrix Ps1.ts 5 7 3 4
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Pos" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Msr1 Mst for g 1 7
Vsr1 Vsr for g 1 4
for g 5 7
max 0 Mst otherwise
g Case
g Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Mstr
Vstr
Psr1 Pst for g 1 7
Mstr1 Mstr1
Mstr1 if e min
i i
Mstr1 emin N str1 1 on error
i i N str1 i i i Mstr1
i i
T
Mstr1 ( 0.884 0.884 23.194 50.291 48.93 84.814 48.93 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
Md
β d
q Mstr1
q T
β d 8.145 10
6
12.384 0.472 0.619
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
C m 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.7.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
2
π EIq
Pc T
Pc ( 793.292 59.27 538.911 490.086 ) kip
k Ht
q 2
Cm
δq min1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc Mstr1 δq Mstr1
q q q
0 "BOT" 12
5 "MID +" 18
exterior wall
7 "MID -" 11
Bar NO 10 "TOP" spacing 11
in
------------------- ft
10 "LT" 11
6 "MID" 4
top slab
10 "RT" 11
T 2
Bar A Bar ASBarNO Bar A ( 0 0.31 0.6 1.27 1.27 0.44 1.27 ) in
i i
T
Bar D BarDB BarNO Bar D ( 0 0.625 0.875 1.27 1.27 0.75 1.27 ) in
i i
fc' 4ksi
β 1 if fc' 4 ksi 0.85 if fc' 8 ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05 β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.7.2.2)
ksi
Mstr1
i T
R n R n ( 0.01 0.009 0.241 0.544 0.25 0.39 0.25 ) ksi
i 2
ϕf b d s
i
2 Rn
fc' i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0002 0.0001 0.0041 0.0097 0.0043 0.0068 0.0043 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
As_req ρreq ds b As_req ( 0.019 0.018 0.5 1.152 0.739 1.24 0.739 ) in
i i i
BarA
spacingreq
i
T
i As_req spacingreq ( 0 203.408 14.404 13.224 20.609 4.257 20.609 )
i
Ma 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2 2 2
As_req2 As_req2 0.005 in if 1.45in As_req2 1.15in
2
As_req2 0.02in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β1 c
Mn2 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Po2 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
Ptc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds As_req2 fy
i
hi hi
Mtc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds As_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b hi ab 0.5 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As_req2 fy
Po2 Nstr1
i
Mn.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr1 Ptc2
Ptc2 str1i i
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc
i 0.019
Mtc2 otherwise
0.018
ϕ 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc 0.52
1.157 in
i 2
As.req_new( i )
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc2
i 0.759
1.275
( 0.75 0.90) M
n.all Mtc2
0.90 otherwise
Mcc Mtc2
0.759
Ma ϕ Mn.all
As_req2
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0 0.3 0.96 2.04 2.04 1.94 2.04 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003
i
ci
T
5
εt 2.012 10 0.098 0.028 0.012 0.018 0.02 0.018
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on
the curve and a straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment
capacity.
T
Mr ϕf Mn Mr ( 0 9.88 30.09 59.56 89.17 89.97 89.17 ) kip ft
i i
Pure Axial Compression Capacity
T
Po 0.85 fc' b hi As As fy Po ( 612 623.522 648.491 689.239 944.239 940.59 944.239 ) kip
i i i
Tension Controlled Limit
hi hi
Ptc 0.31875 fc' b β 1 d s As fy Mtc 0.31875 fc' b β 1 d s 0.1875 β 1 d s As fy ds
i i i i i 2 i i i 2
T
Ptc ( 150.934 143.469 114.684 67.807 136.657 152.212 136.657 ) kip
T
Mtc ( 56.855 62.413 70.909 83.629 156.844 163.891 156.844 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
a b β 1
i
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As fy hi
i 0.003 Es fy i i i Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b h i a b 0.5 As fy d s
i i i i i 2
T
Pcc ( 238.21 233.597 203.706 155.082 263.744 286.022 263.744 ) kip
T
Mcc ( 72.745 77.886 86.551 99.519 188.028 193.448 188.028 ) kip ft
Mtc Mn
i i
N Mn if Nstr1 Ptc 400
Ptc str1i i i i
i
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc
i i i 200
Mtc otherwise
i
ϕi 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc
i i
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc
i i
Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
0.90
( 0.75 0.90) M
n.all Mtc otherwise
Mcci Mtci i i
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
Ma ϕi Mn.all T
i i Ma ( 3 12.25 35.1 62.38 88.56 87.61 88.56 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.37ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.827 ksi
ksi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
Mcr fr Sc T
i i 1.2 Mcr ( 23.83 23.83 23.83 23.83 47.82 47.82 47.82 ) kip ft
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 Mcr 1.33 Mstr1 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 5.7.3.3.2)
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i
b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1
i ρi
i
n (LRFD 5.7.1) n 6.765
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
Simplified Method Ms1.abs Ms1
i i
Ms1.abs hi
ei 1
e i max ds 1.15 ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i 12.11.3
Ns1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs N s1 d s
i i i 2 700 in γe
fss (LRFD C.12.11.3) smax1 max 2 d c 0.00in (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i As j i i12.11.3 d s i fss i
i i i i
βs
i ksi
T
7
fss 3.883 10 19.635 35.796 31.756 21.778 37.146 21.778 ksi
T
smax1 ( 0 24.8 11.46 12.57 20.2 12.26 20.2 ) in
smax2 min 1.5 h i 18in (LRFD 5.10.3.2)
i
T
smax minsmax1 smax2 smax ( 0 18 11.5 12.6 18 12.3 18 ) in
i i i
Given
h r
2 hr As.r h r As.r
3 i i i i i
Pr d r x 3 Mr Pr d r 3 Pr d r x 6 n Mr Pr dr x 6 n Mr Pr d r b d =0
i i i i i 2 i
i i i i 2 r r
b d i i i 2 r r
i i
T
x ( 1.825 1.76 0.321 0.37 0.307 0.277 0.307 ) in
h r
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss max 0.00001 ksi fc n 1
3 i br xi d r j i dr i
i
xi
i i
T
fc ( 0.094 0.094 1.482 2.499 1.301 2.089 1.301 ) ksi
smax.ts2 min 1.5 hts 18in
ii
T
smax.ts2 ( 18 18 ) in (LRFD 5.10.3.2)
T
checkmax.ts if spacingts minsmax.ts smax.ts2 "OK" "NG" checkmax.ts ( "OK" "OK" )
ii ii ii ii
Distribution Steel Reinforcement iii 1 1
Distribution steel is not required when the depth of fill is greater than 2ft according to LRFD Article 5.14.4.1. Therefore
Eriksson Culvert uses the temperature and shrinkage requirement for all distribution steel in this case
Input Distribution
Bar NO.ds ( 4 ) spacingds ( 10 )in ( "C100-Top Slab" )
steel from ET culvert
Bar D.ds Bar DBBar NO.ds T
iii
iii Bar D.ds ( 0.5 ) in
The first step to obtain the shear parameters β and θ in the above equation, we need crack spacing parameter Sxe and the
longitudinal tensile strain εx.
ai
d v max 0.9d s
i
i 0.72 hi dsi 2 T
d v ( 9.86 10.07 9.68 9.05 13.55 14.35 13.55 ) in
(LRFD 5.8.2.9)
sx dv T
i i sx ( 9.86 10.07 9.68 9.05 13.55 14.35 13.55 ) in (LRFD Figure B5.2-3)
sx 1.38
1
80in
i
sxe min T
i in Aggmax sxe ( 9.865 10.066 9.677 9.05 13.55 14.349 13.55 ) (LRFD B5.2-4)
0.63
in
Compute : (moved to Appendix B5)
Step 1: Assumed initial value of (see above): θi 20.4deg
A check of the minimum amount of reinforcement at each section follows LRFD 5.8.2.5 whereby the method for calculating
the shear strength varies.
b s
Av 0.0316 fc' LRFD 5.8.2.5
fy
No shear reinforcing is provided in this design and therefore the minimum reinforcing is not provided
dv
0.5 Nu 0.5 Vu Vp cot( θ) Aps_ft fpo Note: Evaluation has been disabled for this
equation to enable it to be shown without first
εx evaluating its parameters.
Ep Aps_ft Es As
i
T
Mstr1 ( 0.9 0.9 23.2 50.3 48.9 84.8 48.9 ) kip ft
i 2 Ec Ac Es As
i i
T
εx2 7.21272 10
7
8.75938 10
6
0.00001 0.00006 0.00007 0.00008 0.00007
εx if εx 0 εx2 εx
i i i i
T
εx 7.21272 10
7
8.75938 10
6
0.00047 0.00108 0.00163 0.0019 0.00163
Step 4: Now, knowing Sxe and x, a new value of can be looked up in LRFD Table B5.2-2. This procedure has
been automated below using a double interpolation procedure.
Table 1: LRFD Table B5.2-2 for sections with less than minimum transverse reinforcement. Vector C is the column
headings (x), vector R is the row headings (Sxe), x are the values, and x are the values corresponding to the
values. 25.4 25.5 25.9 26.4 27.7 28.9 30.9 32.4 33.7 35.6 37.2
27.6 27.6 28.3 29.3 31.6 33.5 36.3 38.4 40.1 42.7 44.7
29.5 29.5 29.7 31.1 34.1 36.5 39.9 42.4 44.4 47.4 49.7
0.20
31.2 31.2 31.2 32.3 36.0 38.8 42.7 45.5 47.6 50.9 53.4
0.10 θx deg
0.05 5 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.2 38.9 42.3 46.9 50.1 52.6 56.3 59.0
0.00
10 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 41.2 45.0 50.2 53.7 56.3 60.2 63.0
0.125 15 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 44.5 49.2 55.1 58.9 61.8 65.8 68.6
C 0.25 20 44.3 44.3 44.3 44.3 47.1 52.3 58.7 62.8 65.7 69.7 72.4
R
0.50 30 6.36 6.06 5.56 5.15 4.41 3.91 3.26 2.86 2.58 2.21 1.96
0.75 5.78 5.38 4.89 4.05 3.52 2.88 2.50 2.23 1.88 1.65
40 5.78
60 5.34 5.34 5.27 4.73 3.82 3.28 2.64 2.26 2.01 1.68 1.46
1.00
1.50
80 4.99 4.99 4.99 4.61 3.65 3.09 2.46 2.09 1.85 1.52 1.31
βx
2.00 4.46 4.46 4.46 4.43 3.39 2.82 2.19 1.84 1.60 1.30 1.10
4.06 4.06 4.06 4.06 3.20 2.62 2.00 1.66 1.43 1.14 0.95
3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 2.92 2.32 1.72 1.40 1.18 0.92 0.75
3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 2.71 2.11 1.52 1.21 1.01 0.76 0.62
LB ( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
j max last( vector) j max last( vector)
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
sxe R k
i
i
θi θa CPi θb θa
CP i if R l = R k 0.0
i Rl Rk i i
i
i
i
i
T
θ ( 29.207 29.148 35.585 39.301 46.6 48.577 46.6 ) deg
Since the accuracy of the values in LRFD Table B5.2-2 is only to the 0.1 degree, if the looked-up value of is not within
0.1 degrees of the value from the previous trial (the assumed value for the first trial), then another iteration should be
performed. A small program was executed to find the correct Theta and Beta Values for each section
θp θi
errθ θp θint
sxe sxe
i
for w 1 50 otherwise
θp if w = 1 θp θp
w 1 w
C l LB C εx 1000
w 1
C u UB C εx 1000
w 1
R l LB R sxe
R u UB R sxe
x Cl θff θnew( i )
i
j Cu
k Rl
l Ru
εx 1000 C( x)
w 1
θa if C u = 1 θxk x if C l = last( C) θxk last ( C) θxk x
θx k j θx
k x
C( j) C( x)
εx 1000 C( x)
w 1
θb if C u = 1 θxl x if Cl = last ( C ) θxl last ( C) θxl x θxl j θxl x
C( j) C( x)
s xe ( k)
R
CP w if R ( l) = R ( k) 0.0
R ( l) R ( k)
θp
w 1
θa CP w θb θa
T
return θp CP w εx x j k l if θp θp 0.1deg
w 1 w 1 w w 1
T
1000 εx 1.957 10 3
6.503 10
3
0.718 1.257 1.211 1.817 1.211
εx 1000 C x
β a if C u = 1 βx k x if Cl = last ( C ) βx k last ( C) βx k x i i
βx k j βx k x
i i i i i i C i i
i
i
i
j
C
xi i i
εx 1000 C x
β b if C u = 1 βx l x if C l = last( C) βx l last ( C) βx l x
i
βx l j βx l x
i
i i i i i i C
i
i
i
j
Cx
i i i i i
Compute Vc:
fc'
Vc min0.25 fc' b dv 0.0316ksi β i b d v (LRFD 5.8.3.3)
i i ksi i
Vr Vc ϕv T
i i Vr ( 15.06 15.36 14.77 13.81 19.98 17.15 19.98 ) kip
T
csh if Vr Vstr1 "OK" "NG" csh ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "NG" "OK" "NG" )
i i i
2.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis (LRFD 5.11.2)
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflectionpoint.h 28.74 in Inflectionpoint.v 2.26in
1.25in BarA fy fy
4
Ldp Modas Mods max 0.4 BarD Ldp 28.469 in
4 ksi
fc'
kip ksi
The development length shall be not less than 12in
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 28.469 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span d s (LRFD 5.11.2.3) Exlength 28.469 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflectionpoint.h Cutoffh 4.767 ft
Δtruck.gov max Δtruck Δtandem 0.077 in
Live Load Deflection Criteria
Δmax max 0.25 Δtruck.gov Δlane Δtruck.gov (LRFD 3.6.1.3.2) Δmax 0.077 in
Δmax 1
Deflection Ratio Δratio Δratio
Clear_Span 3740
Clear_Span
Δallowable (LRFD 2.5.2.6.2) Δallowable 0.36 in
800
checkdeflection if Δallowable Δmax "OK" "NG" checkdeflection "OK"
Condition Factor ψc 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.3) System factor ψs 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.4)
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
Mrat.wa Intforce CS moment L wa Mwa 1 8 1 4
Vrat.wa Intforce CS shear Lwa Vwa 1 8 1 4
Mrat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mts 1 8 5 7
Vrat.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vts 1 8 5 7
Mrat.all stack Mrat.wasubmatrix Mrat.ts 5 7 1 8
Vrat.all stack Vrat.wasubmatrix Vrat.ts 5 7 1 8
General Rating Equation
The general rating equation used in Eriksson Culvert is
shown below
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 7
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci C i
LLi if Section = "Neg" Intf Intf
i
T
i 8 i 7
LLmod if LLi = 0 0.0001kip ft LLi
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF3
i γLL Intf
i 5
IRmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL T
IRmoment 1.66 10 4
11.05 2.15 1.63 3.08 1.08 3.08
IRshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL T
IRshear ( 17.24 99 4.21 2.49 0.99 5.08 0.99 )
ORmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL.OR T
ORmoment 2.15 10
4
14.32 2.79 2.11 3.99 1.39 3.99
ORshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL.OR T
ORshear ( 22.35 99 5.46 3.23 1.28 6.58 1.28 )
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 0.754 0.752 0.3%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 0.844 0.847 -0.4%
Top Corner-Bar AE1 0.468 0.467 0.2%
Bottom Corner-Bar A2 0.581 0.577 0.7%
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar CE1 0.168 0.168 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.168 0.168 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.404 0.404 0.0%
Bottom Slab-Bar C200 0.452 0.462 -2.2%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 16'-0"
Clear Height: 8'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-2"
Bottom Slab: 1'-2"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 1.99 ft
8'-0"
x
Length: 8'-0"
Skew Angle: 30.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8" 17'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
1'-2"
Allow Stress: 24 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
8'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Ext. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Top Slab 1"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
1'-2"
Loads
10" 16'-0" 10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.000 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 2.053 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 16.428 cy
1'-3" 14 CE1 Bars @ 1'-2" 1'-3" 1'-3" 15 C100 Bars @ 1'-1" 1'-3"
1'-1"
1'-1"
1'-1"
1'-1"
8 C1 Bars @ 1'-2"
8 C1 Bars @ 1'-2"
8 C1 Bars @ 1'-2"
8 C1 Bars @ 1'-2"
1'-1"
1'-1"
1'-1"
1'-1"
1'-3" 14 C1 Bars @ 1'-2" 1'-3" 10" 25 C200 Bars @ 8" 10"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
6"
6"
7 B1 Bars @ 1'-2"
7 B1 Bars @ 1'-2"
11 B2 Bars @ 9"
11 B2 Bars @ 9"
6"
6"
3"
3"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
2 1/2"
6"
6" 7 AE300 Bars @ 1'-2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
3"
3"
11 AE1 Bars @ 9"
11 A2 Bars @ 9"
11 A2 Bars @ 9"
3"
3"
3"
3"
Top Slab Corner Reinf. Bottom Slab Corner Reinf.
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 5th Edition 2010
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 16.0000 ft Fill Depth : 1.99 ft
Clear Height: 8.0000 ft Skew Angle : 30.00 deg
Length : 8.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 14.0000 in Bot Slab: 14.0000 in
Ext Wall: 0.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Fr Factor : 0.37
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 1.00fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.125 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction** : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : no
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 2.0000 in 1.0000 in
Walls : 1.0000 in 1.0000 in
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -3.48 -2.31 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 1- 0 0.25 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.55 0.00
1- 1 -3.25 -2.31 0.00 0.01 -0.05 0.00 1- 1 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.44 0.00
1- 2 -3.03 -2.31 0.00 1.39 0.30 0.00 1- 2 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.33 0.00
1- 3 -2.80 -2.31 0.00 2.27 0.56 0.00 1- 3 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.22 0.00
1- 4 -2.58 -2.31 0.00 2.70 0.71 0.00 1- 4 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.11 0.00
1- 5 -2.35 -2.31 0.00 2.73 0.76 0.00 1- 5 0.25 0.00 0.00 -0.18 0.00 0.00
1- 6 -2.12 -2.31 0.00 2.39 0.71 0.00 1- 6 0.25 0.00 0.00 -0.55 -0.11 0.00
1- 7 -1.90 -2.31 0.00 1.74 0.56 0.00 1- 7 0.25 0.00 0.00 -0.87 -0.22 0.00
1- 8 -1.67 -2.31 0.00 0.82 0.30 0.00 1- 8 0.25 0.00 0.00 -1.14 -0.33 0.00
1- 9 -1.45 -2.31 0.00 -0.32 -0.05 0.00 1- 9 0.25 0.00 0.00 -1.35 -0.44 0.00
1-10 -1.22 -2.31 0.00 -1.64 -0.50 0.00 1-10 0.25 0.00 0.00 -1.52 -0.55 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -1.22 -2.31 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 0 1.55 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 1.05 0.80 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 1 1.18 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 2.78 3.22 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 2 0.88 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 4.02 4.95 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 3 0.59 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 4.76 5.99 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 4 0.29 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 5.01 6.34 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 4.76 5.99 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 6 -0.29 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 4.02 4.95 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 7 -0.59 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 2.78 3.22 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 8 -0.88 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 1.05 0.80 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2- 9 -1.18 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -1.22 -2.31 0.00 -1.68 -0.50 0.00 2-10 -1.55 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -3.48 -2.31 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 0 2.69 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 0.60 0.80 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 1 2.15 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 3.78 3.22 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 2 1.62 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 6.04 4.95 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 3 1.08 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 7.40 5.99 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 4 0.54 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 7.86 6.34 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 7.40 5.99 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 6 -0.54 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 6.04 4.95 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 7 -1.08 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 3.78 3.22 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 8 -1.62 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 0.60 0.80 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4- 9 -2.15 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -3.48 -2.31 0.00 -1.92 -0.50 0.00 4-10 -2.69 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 -1.55 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.25 0.00 0.00 -1.52 -0.55 0.00
4 -0.25 0.00 0.00 -2.41 -0.55 0.00
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Dist. From
No. (k) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 1.82 0.00
2 1.82 6.00
3 1.82 4.00
4 1.82 6.00
3.1 Input
3.2 Loads
3.3 Skew Effects for Live Load Distribution
3.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
3.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
3.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
3.7 Flexural Strength Check
3.8 Service Stress Check
3.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
3.10 Shear Strength Check
3.11 Moment and Shear Comparison
3.12 Reinforcing Steel Comparison
3.13 Buoyancy Check
3.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi wc 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
3.2 Loads To save space and for the sake of redundancy the static loads including dead loads, vertical and horizontal
earth pressure and live load surcharge will not be repeated. These loads are shown in example problem #1
and are not affected by the skew of the culvert.
1.2
1.00
MPFLRFD
0.85 Tire_Lenght 10in
0.65 Lane_sep 4 ft
Tire_Width 20in
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 24.791 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
Distribution for traffic perpendicular to main reinforcement
Follows the equivalent strip equations presented in LRFD Article 4.6.2.1
Dis_Width pos min26in 6.6in
Clear_Span
Dis_Width pos 10.967 ft
ft
From Table 4.6.2.1.3-1
Dis_Width neg min48in 3.0in
Clear_Span
Dis_Width neg 8 ft
ft
In the case of perpendicular travel one must consider the possibly of multiple sets of axles from a single vehicle within the
distribution length:
cpos.truck if Dis_Width pos Axle_Spacingtruck "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle" "Use Largest Single Axle"
cneg.truck if Dis_Width neg Axle_Spacingtruck "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle" "Use Largest Single Axle"
cpos.truck "Use Largest Single Axle" cneg.truck "Use Largest Single Axle"
cpos.tandem if Dis_Width pos Axle_Spacingtandem "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle" "Use Largest Single Axle"
cneg.tandem if Dis_Width neg Axle_Spacingtandem "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle" "Use Largest Single Axle"
cpos.tandem "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle" cneg.tandem "Investigate Mulitple Axles on single vehicle"
How many sets of axles of the design truck and tandem can fit in distribution width
Dis_Widthpos
Axle_Nopos.Truck maxfloor 1 Axle_Nopos.Truck 1
min SPaxle.Truck
Dis_Widthneg
ft ceil
ft 1
Axle_Noneg.Truck max floor Axle_Noneg.Truck 1
min SP
axle.Truck
Dis_Widthpos
Axle_Nopos maxfloor 1
min SPaxle.Tandem Axle_Nopos 2
Dis_Width neg
ft ceil
ft 1
Axle_Noneg max floor
min SP
axle.Tandem
Axle_Noneg 2
Eriksson Culvert determines the distributed wheel load on the culvert as follows:
WLL Dis_Width Axle_LoadAxle_Spacing nlanes naxles for w 1 naxles
for q 1 n lanes
Wheel_Load
otherwise
w if w = naxles n axles 1 w
N wheels floor
ft round Dis_Width ft 1
5
w min( Axle_Spacing)
Axle_Loadw N wheels
w
Wheel_Loadw q MPFLRFD ( 1 DL
2 Dis_Width q
Wheel_Load
Wheel_Load
Truck
WTruck.POS WLL Dis_Width pos Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck N lanes n axle.Truck
T
WTruck.POS ( 2.185 1.821 1.548 1.183 ) klf
WTruck.NEG WLL Dis_Width neg Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck Nlanes naxle.Truck
T
WTruck.NEG ( 2.995 2.496 2.121 1.622 ) klf
WTandem.POS WLL Dis_Width pos Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem N lanes n axle.Tandem
WTandem.POS ( 3.414 2.845 2.418 1.849 ) klf
WTandem.NEG WLL Dis_Width neg Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem Nlanes naxle.Tandem
WTandem.NEG ( 4.68 3.9 3.315 2.535 ) klf
The wheel load on the bridge is uniformly distributed over the base of the culvert. A value for the number of wheels
incremented by a single wheel is shown below. The exact number of axles present to create the maximum effects are
unknown but shown in the program and are entered below to replicate the results.
Bottom_Load Wheel_Load nlanes ntrucks for w 1 2 n lanes
w Wheel_Loadn 1 ft
trucks
B_Lw
Design_Span
B_L
Truck
Bot_Loadpos Bottom_Load WTruck.POS Nlanes 2
T
Bot_Loadpos ( 0.108 0.216 0.324 0.433 0.541 0.649 0.757 0.865 ) klf
Bot_Loadneg Bottom_Load WTruck.NEG N lanes 2
T
Bot_Loadneg ( 0.148 0.297 0.445 0.593 0.741 0.89 1.038 1.186 ) klf
Tandem
Bot_Loadtan.pos Bottom_LoadWTandem.POS N lanes 2
T
T
Bot_Loadtan.pos ( 0.169 0.338 0.507 0.676 0.845 1.014 1.183 1.352 ) klf
Load Modifier:
ηmax max ηR ηI ηD 0.95 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-2) ηmax 1
ηmin min
1
1.0 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-3) ηmin 1
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γWA 1.00
Strength II Service Fatigue
Load Min. Max γDC.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00
DC 0.90 1.25 1.0 - γDW 1.50 γLL 1.75
DW 0.65 1.50 1.0 - γDW.min 0.65 γLS 1.75
EV 0.90 1.30 1.0 -
γEV 1.30
EH 0.90 1.35 1.0 -
γEV.min 0.90
LL 1.72 1.72 1.0 0.75
LS 1.72 1.72 1.0 - γEH 1.35
T T
h ( 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 14 14 ) in cover ( 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 ) in
For the sake of redundancy and to save space, the design process for steel reinforcing design will not be presented for both
cases, as the process for the parallel case was demonstrated in Example problem 1. Only the process for the
perpendicular case will be shown and then the two results will be compared at the end. The structural model used in
analysis is similar to the one produced for example problem 1 with only the thickness of the members changed to reflect
the larger cross sections for this case.
3.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
The internal member forces due to each load case are shown below at the tenth points. A single value for the axial force is
shown as the force does not change along the member length :
Each Column Corresponds to: ( "DC" "EV" "DW" "EH" "LS" "WA" "LL +" "LL -" )
Exterior Wall:
3.48 2.31 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 0.00 9.47 0.25 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.55 0.00 0.35 0.29
2.31 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.00 9.14 0.00 0.35 0.29
3.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.44
3.03 2.31 0.00 1.39 0.30 0.00 0.00 8.82 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.33 0.00 0.35 0.29
2.80 2.31 0.00 2.27 0.56 0.00 0.00 8.50
0.25 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.22 0.00 0.35 0.29
2.58 2.31 0.00 2.70 0.71 0.00 0.00 8.17 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.11 0.00 0.35 0.29
Mwa 2.35 2.31 0.00 2.73 0.76 0.00 0.00 ftwa 0.25
7.85 kipV 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.29 kip
2.12 2.31 0.00 2.39 0.71 0.00 0.00 7.53 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.11 0.00 0.35 0.29
1.90 2.31 0.00 1.74 0.56 0.00 0.00 7.43 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.22 0.00 0.35 0.29
1.67 2.31 0.00 0.82 0.30 0.00 0.01 7.59 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.14 0.33 0.00 0.35 0.29
1.45 2.31 0.00 0.32 0.05 0.00 0.32 7.74 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.44 0.00 0.35 0.29
1.22 2.31 0.00 1.64 0.50 0.00 0.64 7.89 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.55 0.00 0.35 0.29
Top Slab: Pwa ( 1.55 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.18 ) kip
1.22 2.31 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 0.64 7.89 1.55 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.13 0.00
0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 4.28 0.96 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.33 0.22
1.05 0.80
1.18
2.78 3.22 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 9.29 0.00 0.88 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.47 0.66
4.02 4.95 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 12.75 0.00
0.59 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.61 1.13
4.76 5.99 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 15.28 0.00 0.29 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.87 1.64
Mts 5.01 6.34 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 16.04 0.00 kipV ftts 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.17 2.57 kip
4.76 5.99 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 15.27 0.00 0.29 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.49 3.52
4.02 4.95 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 12.75 0.00 0.59 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 4.87
2.78 3.22 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 9.29 0.00 0.88 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 6.06
1.05 0.80 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 4.28 0.96 1.18 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 7.24
1.22 2.31 0.00 1.68 0.50 0.00 0.62 7.89 1.55 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.40
Pts ( 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.55 0.00 0.476 0.213 ) kip
3.48 2.31 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 0.00 9.47 2.69 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.69 0.00
0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 1.94 0.00 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.56 0.00
0.60 0.80
2.15
3.78 3.22 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 8.48 0.00 1.62 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.42 0.00
6.04 4.95 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 13.26 0.00
1.08 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.28 0.00
7.40 5.99 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 16.13 0.00 0.54 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.14 0.00
Mbs 7.86 6.34 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 17.08 ftbs 0.00
0.00 kipV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 kip
7.40 5.99 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 16.13 0.00 0.54 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.57
6.04 4.95 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 13.26 0.00 1.08 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.13
3.78 3.22 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 8.48 0.00 1.62 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.69
0.60 0.80 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 1.94 0.00 2.15 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.25
3.48 2.31 0.00 1.92 0.50 0.00 0.00 9.49 2.69 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.81
Pbs ( 0.25 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.55 0.00 0.21 0.48 ) kip
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cc augment C 1 C 2 C 3
i i
if j = 1 max C c
T
Cp minCcT
i j
Comboi j if C p = C 1 1 if Cp = C2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Mstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Mts 11
Mstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Mwa 11
Mstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Mbs 11
Vstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v Vts 11 Vstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v Vwa 11 Vstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v Vbs 11
Pstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Pts 11 Pstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Pwa 11 Pstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Pbs 11
Sv1.c Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11 WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11 BSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mbs 11
TSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv1.c Vwa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Ms1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Mts 11
Ms1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Mwa 11
Ms1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
Vs1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 Vs1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 Vs1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.v Vbs 11
Ps1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Pts 11 Ps1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Pwa 11 Ps1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
Mstr1 augment Mstr1.waMstr1.ts Mstr1.bs
Ms1 augment Ms1.wa Ms1.ts Ms1.bs
Vstr1 augment Vstr1.waVstr1.ts Vstr1.bs Vs1 augment Vs1.wa Vs1.ts Vs1.bs
8.678 27.393 4.92 21.478 8.678 27.393 6.75 17.68 3.73 13.6 6.75 17.68
5.078 23.134 8.331 2.47 3.457 2.207
5.555 14.74 5.29 1.29 2.38 1.02
2.404 20.975 22.406 2.257 22.023 2.833 3.65 13.465 14.45 3.82 14.52 4.58
0.554 19.335 32.261 4.93 35.462 6.424
2.28 12.475 20.88 6.79 23.29 8.57
0.487 18.096 38.965 6.532 43.536 8.584 1.48 11.71 25.19 8.57 28.56 10.97
Mstr1 0.821 17.221 41.062 7.072 46.229 9.313 kip ft Ms1 1.17 11.145 26.55 9.17 30.32 11.78 kip ft
0.482 16.68 38.947 6.532 43.536 8.584 1.33 10.765 25.18 8.57 28.56 10.97
0.46 16.814 32.261 4.93 35.462 6.424 1.91 10.77 20.88 6.79 23.29 8.57
1.95 17.635 22.406 2.257 22.023 2.833 2.85 11.16 14.45 3.82 14.52 4.58
3.904 18.88 8.331 2.47 3.457 2.207 3.6 11.87 5.29 1.29 2.38 1.02
4.884 21.425 4.955 21.478 8.678 27.427 3.71 13.56 3.75 13.6 6.75 17.7
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
5.141 1.974 15.343 3.249 15.998 4.275 3.56 1.165 9.74 3.61 10.44 4.75
4.112 1.416 12.934 2.538 12.799 3.411
2.83 0.855 8.15 2.6 8.35 3.79
3.15 0.903 10.521 1.544 9.609 2.565 2.15 0.57 6.58 1.45 6.27 2.85
2.255 0.435 8.121 0.174 6.406 1.71
1.52 0.31 5.02 0.28 4.18 1.9
1.441 0.021 5.918 1.975 3.203 0.855 0.95 0.08 3.57 0.94 2.09 0.95
Vstr1 0.763 0.438 3.797 4.498 0.053 0.07 kip Vs1 0.51 0.22 2.17 2.57 0.03 0.04 kip
0.43 1.13 1.712 7.056 0.855 3.956 0.325 0.7 0.79 4.22 0.95 2.52
0.142 1.755 0.053 10.326 1.71 7.894 0.165 1.13 0.41 6.28 1.9 5.03
0.101 2.312 1.562 13.304 2.565 11.832 0.03 1.51 1.46 8.17 2.85 7.54
0.29 2.788 2.538 16.277 3.411 15.757 0.075 1.83 2.5 10.06 3.79 10.04
0.443 3.209 3.249 19.316 4.275 19.708 0.16 2.11 3.61 12.01 4.75 12.56
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Axi. - Axi. + Axi. - Axi. + Axi. - Axi. + Axi. - Axi. + Axi. - Axi. + Axi. - Axi.
3.249 15.43 0.223 3.075 4.441 5.369 3.61 9.79 0.034 2.033 1.245 3.69
3.249 15.43 0.223 3.075 2.114 4.441
3.61 9.79 0.034 2.033 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441
3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
Pstr1 3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 kip Ps1 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21 kip
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 2.789 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 1.82 1.245 3.21
3.249 15.43 0.223 3.075 2.114 4.441 3.61 9.79 0.034 2.033 1.245 3.21
4.615 15.43 0.223 3.075 4.441 5.369 3.61 9.79 0.034 2.033 1.245 3.69
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 9.167 ft Design_Span 16.833 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h 1 h 2 t1 t2 for h h 1 h2
for t t1 t2
tracel LB L CS t
t
traceh UB L CS t
t
CSt L trace
l
t
Per t
L trace Ltrace
h l
t t
Intforce Per t Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h l l
t t t
Intforce
Mstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Mstr1 1 2 1 4
Vstr1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vstr1 1 2 1 4
Mstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7 Vstr1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
Mstr1.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mstr1 5 6 8 10 Vstr1.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vstr1 5 6 8 10
Ms1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ms1 1 2 1 4 Vs1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vs1 1 2 1 4
Ms1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ms1 3 4 5 7 Vs1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vs1 3 4 5 7
Ms1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 Vs1.bs Intforce CSshear L bs Vs1 5 6 8 10
Mstr1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Vstr1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Pstr1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Ms1.all stack Ms1.wall submatrix Ms1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
Vs1.all stack Vs1.wall submatrix Vs1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
Ps1.all stack Ps1.wall submatrix Ps1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Msr1 Mst for g 1 10
Psr1 Pst for g 1 10
Vsr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
Mstr1 Msr1 Mstr1.all Vstr1 Vsr1 Vstr1.all
N str1 Psr1 Pstr1.all
23.52 3.80 15.43 "BOT"
0.82 0.76 3.25 "MID +"
18.10 0.76 15.43 "MID -" exterior wall
19.11 2.63 15.43 "TOP" -------------------
15.83 13.52 3.07 "LT"
Mstr1 kip ft Vstr1 kip N str1 kip
41.06 4.50 0.22 "MID" top slab
15.83 17.02 3.07 "RT"
-------------------
19.91 13.43 5.29 "LT"
46.23 0.07 2.11 "MID"
bottom slab
19.94 16.54 5.29 "RT"
Critical Sections Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Service I:
Ms1 Msr1 Ms1.all Vs1 Vsr1 Vs1.all
N s1 Psr1 Ps1.all
15.01 2.61 9.79 "BOT"
1.17 0.51 3.61 "MID +"
11.71 0.51 9.79 "MID -" exterior wall
12.02 1.73 9.79 "TOP" -------------------
9.94 8.54 2.03 "LT"
Ms1 kip ft Vs1 kip N s1 kip
26.55 2.57 0.03 "MID" top slab
9.94 10.53 2.03 "RT"
-------------------
12.73 8.76 3.65 "LT"
30.32 0.04 1.25 "MID" bottom slab
12.75 10.54 3.65 "RT"
Critical Sections Factored Permanent Load Moment for slenderness evaluation consists of the Dead load of Components
(DC), Vertical Earth Load (EV), Horizontal Soil Load (EH) and the Dead load of the wearing surface (DW)
Md.wa Mwa
j j 1
γDC Mwa
j 2
γEV Mwa
j 3
γDW Mwa
j 4
γEH
Mp.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Md.wa 1 1 1 4
Md.ts Mts
j j 1
γDC Mts
j 2
γEV Mts
j 3
γDW Mts
j 4
γEH
Mp.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Md.ts 1 1 5 7
Md.bs Mbs
j j 1
γDC Mbs
j 2
γEV Mbs
j 3
γDW Mbs
j 4
γEH
Mp.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
Md stack Mp.wallsubmatrix Mp.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix Mp.bs 8 10 1 1
7.315 "BOT"
2.255 "MID +"
2.583 "MID -" exterior wall
5.383 "TOP" -------------------
4.752 "LT"
Md kip ft
12.236 "MID" top slab
4.752 "RT"
-------------------
7.229 "LT"
15.475 "MID"
bottom slab
7.229 "RT"
3.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.5
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 33000 ksi K1 Ec 4286.83 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
e min max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
Mstr1
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Mstr1 Mstr1
Mstr1 if e min
i i
Mstr1 emin N str1
i i N str1 i i i Mstr1
i i
T
Mstr1 ( 23.522 0.821 18.096 19.111 15.833 41.062 15.833 19.912 46.229 19.936 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
Md
q T
β d β d ( 0.311 2.745 0.143 0.282 )
q Mstr1
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
C m 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq
12 2.5 1 βd (LRFD 5.7.4.3-2)
2 q
π EIq T
Pc Pc ( 350.182 122.587 401.74 358.189 ) kip
k Ht
q 2
Cm
δq min1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
Mstr1 δq Mstr1
ϕk Pc q q
q
The resulting magnified moment for the walls
Input Bar Size and Spacing From Eriksson Culvert at the critical sections
6 "BOT" 9
4 "MID +" 14
6 "MID -" exterior wall 9
6 "TOP" ------------------- 9
6 "LT" 9 in
Bar NO spacing
6 "MID" top slab 7 ft
6 "RT" 9
-------------------
6 "LT" 9
8 "MID" bottom slab 11
6 "RT" 9
Bar A Bar ASBarNO T 2
i i Bar A ( 0.44 0.2 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.79 0.44 ) in
fc' 2 Rn
i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0055 0.0002 0.0042 0.0044 0.002 0.0044 0.002 0.0021 0.0051 0.0021 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
As_req ρreq ds b As_req ( 0.567 0.019 0.432 0.457 0.276 0.672 0.276 0.32 0.767 0.321 ) in
i i i
BarA
spacingreq
i
T in
i As_req spacingreq ( 9.306 127.653 12.212 11.543 19.113 7.863 19.113 16.489 12.354 16.469 )
i ft
csp if spacingreq spacingi "OK" "NG"
i i
T
csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Ma 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2
As_req2 As_req2 0.01in
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β1 c
Mn2 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Po2 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
Ptc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds As_req2 fy
i
hi hi
Mtc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds As_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b hi ab 0.5 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As_req2 fy
Po2 Nstr1
i
Mn.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr1 Ptc2
Ptc2 str1i i
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc
i 0.577
Mtc2 otherwise 0.019
ϕ 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc
0.442
i
0.467
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc2 0.286 2
i
As.req_new( i ) in
( 0.75 0.90) M 0.752
0.90 n.all Mtc2 otherwise
Mcc Mtc2
0.286
Ma ϕ Mn.all 0.33
0.847
As_req2
0.331
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.86 0.25 0.86 0.86 0.86 1.11 0.86 0.86 1.27 0.86 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003 T
εt ( 0.027 0.101 0.027 0.027 0.037 0.031 0.037 0.041 0.027 0.041 )
i
ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on
the curve and a straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment
capacity.
T
Mr ϕf Mn Mr ( 24.29 7.41 24.29 24.29 33.09 45.94 33.09 36.02 51.68 36.02 ) kip ft
i i
Pure Axial Compression Capacity
T
Po 0.85 fc' b hi As As fy Po ( 542.707 519.557 542.707 542.707 746.707 756.051 746.707 746.707 762.046
i i i
Tension Controlled Limit
hi hi
Ptc 0.31875 fc' b β 1 d s As fy Mtc 0.31875 fc' b β 1 d s 0.1875 β 1 d s As fy ds
i i i i i 2 i i i 2
T
Ptc ( 96.762 123.589 96.762 96.762 142.662 147.905 142.662 157.962 139.541 157.962 ) kip
T
Mtc ( 51.391 44.353 51.391 51.391 91.474 103.409 91.474 98.695 105.38 98.695 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
a b β 1
i
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As fy hi
i 0.003 Es fy i i i Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b h i a b 0.5 As fy d s
i i i i i 2
T
Pcc ( 173.067 201 173.067 173.067 245.508 259.598 245.508 269.655 250.128 269.655 ) kip
T
Mcc ( 61.974 54.778 61.974 61.974 112.936 123.118 112.936 118.404 125.339 118.404 ) kip ft
Mtc Mn
i i
N Mn if Nstr1 Ptc
Ptc str1i i i i
i
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc 200
i i i
Mtc otherwise
i
ϕi 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc
i i
0
0 20 40 60 80
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc
i i
Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
( 0.75 0.90) M
0.90 n.all Mtc otherwise
Mcci Mtci i i
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
Ma ϕi Mn.all T
i i Ma ( 25.75 7.55 25.75 25.75 30.91 41.42 30.91 34.31 47.24 34.31 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.37ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.827 ksi
ksi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
T
Mcr fr Sc Mcr ( 13.789 13.789 13.789 13.789 27.027 27.027 27.027 27.027 27.027 27.027 ) kip ft
i i
T
1.2 Mcr ( 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 32.43 32.43 32.43 32.43 32.43 32.43 ) kip ft
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 Mcr 1.33 Mstr1 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 5.7.3.3.2)
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i
b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
700 γe dc
s 2 dc for which βs = 1
β s fss
0.7 h dc
γe 1.0 if Exposure = "Class 1"
Exposure Factor: γe 1
0.75 otherwise
dc As Es
β s 1
i ρi
i
n (LRFD 5.7.1) n 6.765
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
Ms1.abs Ms1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs hi
e i max 1.15 ds
i
ds
ei 1
Ns1 i 2 i j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i 12.11.3
i ds i ds
i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs N s1 d s 700 in γe
fss
i i i 2
(LRFD C.12.11.3) smax1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 d s i fss i (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i i i i
βs
i ksi
T
fss ( 30.65 5.516 21.962 22.788 17.507 37.151 17.507 19.781 36.789 19.807 ) ksi
T
smax1 ( 15.85 102.9 23.21 22.27 26.2 13.56 26.2 27.87 13.24 27.83 ) in
T
smax minsmax1 smax2 smax ( 15 15 15 15 18 13.6 18 18 13.2 18 ) in
i i i
Given
h r
2 hr As.r h r As.r
3 i i i i i
Pr d r x 3 Mr Pr d r 3 Pr d r x 6 n Mr Pr dr x 6 n Mr Pr d r b d =0
i i i i i 2 i
i i i i 2 r r
b d i i i 2 r r
i i
T
x ( 0.29 0.498 0.306 0.304 0.23 0.228 0.23 0.231 0.247 0.231 ) in
h r
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss max fc n 1 0.0001ksi
3 i br xi d r j i dr i
i
xi
i i
T
fc ( 1.842 0.145 1.436 1.475 0.748 1.581 0.748 0.85 1.746 0.851 ) ksi
BarA.ts 2
ii T in
As.ts As.ts ( 0.2 0.2 0.2 )
ii spacingts ft
ii
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.8
1.3 b hts
ii
As.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.8)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.4.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
h ts max tts tbs twa As.ts.req 0.001 h ts b
As.ts.req 0.168 in
2
ii
smax.ts min 3 hts 18in T
smax.ts ( 18 18 18 ) in
(LRFD 5.10.8)
smax.ts2 min 1.5 hts 18in
ii
T
smax.ts2 ( 18 18 18 ) in
(LRFD 5.10.3.2)
5 8 "C100-Top Slab"
iii 1 2
Bar NO.ds spacingds in
5 7 "C200-Bottom Slab"
Bar D.ds Bar DBBar NO.ds T
iii iii Bar D.ds ( 0.625 0.625 ) in
p s.dis min
2.2
0.67
(LRFD 9.7.3.2) p s.dis 53.621 %
Design_Span
ft
Top Slab Distribution steel requirement
As
6 2
As.dis.top p s.dis in
ft As.dis.top 0.404
ft
Bottom Slab Distribution steel requirement
As 2
9 in
As.dis.bot p s.dis As.dis.bot 0.462
ft ft
Distribution Steel is provided by bars C100 and C200
checktop.dis if As.dis.top As.ds "OK" "NG" checktop.dis "OK"
1
checkbottom.dis if As.dis.bot As.ds "OK" "NG" checkbottom.dis "OK"
2
3.10 Shear Strength Check
Per LRFD (5.14.5.3), the provisions of (5.8) apply to fill depths less than 2ft for both the sidewalls and top slab.
fc'
Vc min0.25 fc' b dv 0.0316ksi β b d v (LRFD 5.8.3.3)
i i ksi i
T
Vr Vc ϕv Vc ( 14.041 14.668 14.041 14.041 19.129 20.657 19.129 20.825 20.338 20.825 ) kip
i i
T
Vr ( 12.64 13.2 12.64 12.64 17.22 18.59 17.22 18.74 18.3 18.74 ) kip
Traffic Parallel -25.20 0.26 -16.82 -18.13 -14.78 43.26 -14.78 -20.81 32.94 -20.81
Moment
Design
1 lane -24.55 0.33 -18.20 -17.33 -13.79 39.01 -13.79 -17.20 34.01 -17.20
(kip*ft)
Traffic
Perpendicular 2 lane -23.46 0.98 -17.95 -19.19 -15.96 40.95 -15.96 -16.80 56.96 -16.80
Shear (kip)
Traffic Parallel 4.98 1.90 1.90 -2.13 14.53 4.97 14.53 12.41 0.10 12.41
Design
Traffic 1 lane 4.45 1.36 1.36 -2.07 12.66 3.80 15.94 12.29 0.06 10.36
Perpendicular 2 lane 3.87 0.72 0.72 -2.73 13.50 3.80 17.08 16.47 0.07 13.36
Table 1: Critical Sections Result Comparison for Parallel and Perpendicular traffic travel
Table 2: Critical Sections Result Percentage difference from Perpendicular to Parallel traffic travel
Table 1 and 2 show the results for the critical sections of the box culvert when the effects of skew are considered and not.
One can see from table 2 that considering the effects of skew by changing the traffic direction result in increased moment
demand on the reinforcing steel by approximately 8% in all locations of the frame. While the effect on shear is more
dependent on the location in the frame with an average decrease of 80% in the walls and 6% decrease in the top and bottom
slab. This effect increases the thickness of the slabs of the culvert and requires more reinforcing steel in all areas. The
reduction of shear in the exterior wall is not critical as this section is controlled by moment and shear demand is far below
the strength for both cases.
3.12 Critical Sections Reinforcing Comparison
Member Thickness (in)
Top Slab Bottom Slab Ext. Wall
Parallel 13 11 10
Perpendicular 14 14 10
2
Steel Reinforcing (in )
Location A100 A200 A300 A400 B1 B2 A1 A2 C1 C100 C200
Parallel 0.88 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.20 0.24 0.20
Perpendicular 0.80 1.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.20 0.47 0.59
Table 4: Steel Reinforcing Comparison for Parallel and Perpendicular traffic travel
Tables 3 and 4 show the conservative design results obtained when considering the effects of skew by switching the
orientation of the traffic direction. This process is slightly different than the method used in modifying bridge components for
skew effects. The effect of skew on superstructure components has been shown to lead to an increase in shear at the
obtuse corner and a reduction in moment demand as the load path is changed to the shortest path (Zoakie, 2000). However
this method produces a conservative design result.
Volbs L tbs W twa 2 164.889 ft 3
3
Volwall L twa Ht 53.333 ft
weightculvert wc Volts Volbs 2 Volwall 65.467 kip
weightsoil Hs L 2 twa W 120 pcf 33.75 kip
weight weightculvert weightsoil 99.217 kip
Buoyant force:
Fbuoyancy ww L twa 2 W H t tts tbs 91.132 kip
Sliding resistance:
height H t 0.5 tbs tts 9.167 ft
tts
Ftop γsmax Hs 0.154 ksf
2
tts
Fbot γsmax Hs height 0.704 ksf
2
Factor of safety:
weight Fresistance
FS 1.434
Fbuoyancy
QC comparison table
smax.r 13.99 in 3
6
smax.r 13.58 in 4
9
smax.r 23.11 in 6
3
smax.r 22.21 in 1
4
smax.r 15.96 in 2
1
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Flexural Strength Check
5.7.3.2 Allowable Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
Top Slab Left End 4.40 4.41 -0.2%
Top Slab Midspan 14.47 14.47 0.0%
Top Slab Right End 9.96 9.96 0.0%
Bottom Slab Left End 5.15 5.08 1.4%
Bottom Slab Midspan 8.85 8.85 0.0%
Bottom Slab Right End 10.54 10.54 0.0%
Exterior Wall Bottom 5.21 5.20 0.2%
Exterior Wall Midspan (+) 1.62 1.62 0.0%
Exterior Wall Midspan (-) 5.18 5.18 0.0%
Exterior Wall Top 5.21 5.20 0.2%
Interior Wall Bottom 5.57 5.61 -0.7%
Interior Wall Midspan 3.46 3.46 0.0%
Interior Wall Top 5.57 5.56 0.2%
Load Rating
MBE 6A.4.2.1
A100-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.06 1.06 0.0%
A200-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.57 1.56 0.6%
Top Slab RT-Shear Inventory Rating 1.51 1.50 0.7%
Bottom Slab RT-Shear Inventory Rating 1.71 1.71 0.2%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 7'-0"
Clear Height: 5'-0"
Top Slab: 8"
Bottom Slab: 8"
Ext. Wall: 6" z
Int. Wall: 6"
5'-0"
x
Fill Depth: 1.99 ft
Length: 5'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8" 15'-6"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi Plan View
Density: 0.150 kcf
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 65 ksi
Allow Stress: 24 ksi
8"
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
y
Exposure Factor
5'-0"
Class 1 Exposure x
Reinforcement Covers
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Ext. Cover Walls 1"
8"
Int. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Top Slab 1" 6" 14'-6" 6"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Loads
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel Typical Section
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered)
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.000 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.109 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 5.545 cy
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 5th Edition 2010
Operating Mode : Analysis
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 2 Name: TwoCellBoxCulvert
Clear Span : 7.0000 ft Fill Depth : 1.99 ft
Clear Height: 5.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 5.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Member Thicknesses: Top Slab: 8.0000 in Bot Slab: 8.0000 in
Ext Wall: 6.0000 in Int Wall: 6.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Fr Factor : 0.37
Steel: Yield,fy : 65.00 ksi fss Limit : 1.00fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 65.00 ksi Diameter : 0.600 in Type : Mesh
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : no
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 2.0000 in 1.0000 in
Walls : 1.0000 in 1.0000 in
Sheet Inventory
---------------
Interior sheets - 2 sheet layout with laps located in the wall
Sheet |-------------------------Line Wires-------------------| |-Cross Wires(L,tot= 4-11)-|
Loc. Mat Zone Size Spac. Length Area H leg V leg Mat Size Spac. Area Wgt
Mark (in) (ft-in)(in2/ft)(ft-in)(ft-in) Mark (in) (in2/ft) (lbs)
Top A100 Base W23 6.00 13- 7 0.460 7- 2 3- 3 C100 W6 4.00 0.180 151
B1 Base W4 8.00 13- 1 0.060 7- 2 2-12 C1 W4 4.00 0.120 21
B3 Base W4 4.00 13- 1 0.120 7- 2 2-12 C1 W4 4.00 0.120 21
(2) sheets, Total weight: 386
Bot A200 Base W9 4.00 13- 1 0.270 7- 2 2-12 C200 W4 4.00 0.120 91
B1 Base W4 8.00 13- 1 0.060 7- 2 2-12 C1 W4 4.00 0.120 21
B3 Base W4 4.00 13- 1 0.120 7- 2 2-12 C1 W4 4.00 0.120 21
(2) sheets, Total weight: 266
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -0.26 -0.25 0.00 -0.69 -0.25 0.00 1- 0 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.34 0.00
1- 1 -0.24 -0.25 0.00 -0.17 -0.08 0.00 1- 1 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.27 0.00
1- 2 -0.22 -0.25 0.00 0.21 0.06 0.00 1- 2 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.20 0.00
1- 3 -0.20 -0.25 0.00 0.46 0.15 0.00 1- 3 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.14 0.00
1- 4 -0.18 -0.25 0.00 0.58 0.21 0.00 1- 4 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.00
1- 5 -0.16 -0.26 0.00 0.60 0.23 0.00 1- 5 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.00
1- 6 -0.14 -0.26 0.00 0.52 0.21 0.00 1- 6 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.23 -0.07 0.00
1- 7 -0.12 -0.26 0.00 0.35 0.15 0.00 1- 7 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.38 -0.14 0.00
1- 8 -0.10 -0.26 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.00 1- 8 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.50 -0.20 0.00
1- 9 -0.08 -0.26 0.00 -0.22 -0.08 0.00 1- 9 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.61 -0.27 0.00
1-10 -0.06 -0.26 0.00 -0.59 -0.25 0.00 1-10 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.70 -0.34 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -0.06 -0.26 0.00 -0.60 -0.25 0.00 2- 0 0.35 0.74 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 1 0.15 0.22 0.00 -0.51 -0.21 0.00 2- 1 0.22 0.56 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 2 0.28 0.58 0.00 -0.42 -0.18 0.00 2- 2 0.14 0.38 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 3 0.36 0.79 0.00 -0.33 -0.14 0.00 2- 3 0.07 0.19 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 4 0.38 0.87 0.00 -0.24 -0.10 0.00 2- 4 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 5 0.35 0.81 0.00 -0.15 -0.06 0.00 2- 5 -0.08 -0.17 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 6 0.26 0.61 0.00 -0.06 -0.03 0.00 2- 6 -0.16 -0.36 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 7 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 2- 7 -0.23 -0.54 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 8 -0.09 -0.21 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 2- 8 -0.31 -0.72 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2- 9 -0.35 -0.82 0.00 0.20 0.09 0.00 2- 9 -0.39 -0.91 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
2-10 -0.69 -1.57 0.00 0.29 0.12 0.00 2-10 -0.52 -1.09 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00
Right Right
Member 3: (Interior Wall) Member 3: (Interior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
3- 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3- 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3- 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Top Top
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -0.26 -0.25 0.00 -0.69 -0.25 0.00 4- 0 0.62 0.74 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 1 0.15 0.24 0.00 -0.59 -0.21 0.00 4- 1 0.46 0.55 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 2 0.44 0.59 0.00 -0.49 -0.18 0.00 4- 2 0.31 0.37 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 3 0.62 0.79 0.00 -0.38 -0.14 0.00 4- 3 0.16 0.19 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 4 0.69 0.87 0.00 -0.28 -0.10 0.00 4- 4 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 5 0.64 0.80 0.00 -0.17 -0.06 0.00 4- 5 -0.14 -0.18 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 6 0.48 0.60 0.00 -0.07 -0.03 0.00 4- 6 -0.29 -0.36 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 7 0.21 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 4- 7 -0.44 -0.55 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 8 -0.17 -0.23 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 4- 8 -0.59 -0.73 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4- 9 -0.67 -0.84 0.00 0.24 0.09 0.00 4- 9 -0.74 -0.92 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
4-10 -1.28 -1.60 0.00 0.35 0.13 0.00 4-10 -0.89 -1.10 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
Note: Mu - Resisting moment under pure flexure, Ma - Allowable moment under applied axial load
Strength Limit State at Critical Sections: Vertical Shear
---------------------------------------------------------
Member 1: (Exterior Wall), Thickness = 6.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
BOT 8.32 1.91 -2.3 11.96 4.76 7.27 2.000 45.00 8.07b 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.12 9.23
MID 34.00 0.41 0.8 1.23 4.85 7.40 2.000 45.00 8.22b 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.05 22.10
MID- 34.00 0.41 -2.0 11.82 4.76 7.27 2.000 45.00 8.07b 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.62 16.36
TOP 8.32 -1.78 -3.8 11.96 4.76 7.27 2.000 45.00 8.07b 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.28 8.14
Member 2: (Top Slab), Thickness = 8.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
LT 8.76 10.06 -1.9 2.07 5.76 16.38 2.000 45.00 9.77b 8.43 0.27 4.61 1.71 2.22
MID 45.00 4.07 13.7 0.16 6.44 9.82 2.000 45.00 10.91b 0.00 0.00 5.15 2.28 2.95
RT 8.76 11.40 -7.1 1.17 5.76 16.37 2.000 45.00 9.77b 8.42 0.27 4.61 1.51 1.95
Member 3: (Interior Wall), Thickness = 6.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
BOT 8.32 0.92 -1.4 16.75 4.81 7.34 2.000 45.00 8.16b 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.96 10.32
MID 34.00 0.92 1.0 3.92 4.81 7.34 2.000 45.00 8.16b 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.96 10.32
TOP 8.32 0.92 -3.0 16.75 4.81 7.34 2.000 45.00 8.16b 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.96 10.32
Member 4: (Bottom Slab), Thickness = 8.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
4.1 Input
4.2 Preliminary Check
4.3 Loads
4.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
4.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
4.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
4.7 Flexural Strength Check
4.8 Service Stress Check
4.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
4.10 Vertical Shear Design
4.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
4.12 Fatigue Analysis
4.13 Deflection Check
4.14 Load Rating
4.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5ksi wc 0.150kcf Exposure "Class 1"
Design_Span
18 c12.11.2.1 "Edge Beam Not-Required"
tts
L
(LRFD 12.11.2.1)
4ft
cos ( skew)
"Edge Beam Not-Required" otherwise
4.3 Loads
Dead Loads (DC):
top slab: wdts wc tts 1ft wdts 0.1 klf
Soil-Structure : Hs
Fe min1 0.2 1.15 if Fill_type = "compacted"
Interaction Factor Bc
Fe 1.026
H
min1 0.2 1.4 otherwise
s
Bc (LRFD 12.11.2.2)
kip
we Fe γs Hs 1 ft we 0.245
ft
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
weh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft weh_top_min 0.06 klf
weh_bot_min γsmin H s H t tts 0.5tbs 1 ft weh_bot_min 0.24 klf
Maximum Case
weh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft weh_top_max 0.119 klf
weh_bot_max γsmax H s H t tts 0.5tbs 1 ft weh_bot_max 0.479 klf
Live Load :
wsllmin.h γsmin LSht 1ft wsllmin.h 0.06 klf
Surcharge (LS) Minimum Case
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 24.791 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
1.2
1.00
MPF Wheel_Gage 6ft
0.85 Tire_Length 10in
Lane_Sep 4ft
0.65 Fill_SlopeLRFD 1.15
Tire_Width 20in
(LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1) (LRFD 3.6.1.3.1) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.6) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.5)
Eperp min2 L 96in 1.44in
Clear_Span
(LRFD 4.6.2.10.2-1)
Eperp 8.84 ft
ft
Distribution width Parallel to Span:
For all axle loads, we will check 4 cases for the each axle correspond to the number of lanes loaded. If any single axle
distribution overlaps Eriksson Culvert will distribute the truck weight over the entire distribution length as shown below.
N Lanes 1
Waxle p axle saxle naxle Al for q 1 naxle
if Eparallel min saxle
DisL Eparallel
saxle
for qq 1 NLanes
DisWid Eperp
qq
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 NLanes
DisWid Eperp
qq q
Paxle naxle waxle for q 1 n axle
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck n axle.Truck T
WTruck ( 0.434 1.736 1.736 ) ksf
Ptruck Paxle n axle.Truck WTruck T
Ptruck ( 1.355 5.421 5.421 ) klf
Tandem:
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem n axle.Tandem T
Wtandem ( 1.357 1.357 ) ksf
Ptandem Paxle n axle.Tandem Wtandem T
Ptandem ( 4.235 4.235 ) klf
Lane Loading:
Not applicable for box culverts under all spans
Bottom_Load n axle paxle augment for q 1 naxle
for q 1 n axle
q q
Ptop
q p axle
j
Ptop
q
reverse p axle j
j 1 j 1
Ptop Ptop
Wbot Wbot
q 2 Design_Span q 2 Design_Span
Truck: 0.09 0.361
Wbot.Truck Bottom_Load n axle.Truck Ptruck Wbot.Truck 0.452 0.723 ksf
0.813 0.813
Tandem:
Wbot.Tandem Bottom_Load n axle.Tandem Ptandem 0.282 0.282
Wbot.Tandem ksf
0.565 0.565
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.30 γEH 1.35 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.75
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.75
A structural analysis was performed using a standard commercial matrix-analysis software. The box culvert model was
assumed to be a rigid two dimensional frame. All vertical loading from the top slab is assumed to be uniformly distributed
along the bottom slab as performed in Eriksson Culvert. A more refined method of analysis requires knowledge of the
in-situ soil properties to select an appropriate soil stiffness (LRFD 12.11.2.3). The haunches are not included in the
structural analysis model which is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Structural Analysis Idealization Model
Section
Section Heights and cover for each critical section:
Properties:
h 1 twa.ex h 5 tts h 9 twa.in cover1 coverwe cover6 coverti cover11 coverbe
T T
h ( 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 6 6 6 8 8 8 ) in cover ( 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) in
0.26 0.25 0.00 0.69 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.34 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.25 0.00 0.17 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.24 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.27
0.22 0.25 0.00 0.21 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.20 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.20 0.25 0.00 0.46 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.87
0.03 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.14 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.18 0.25 0.00 0.58 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.00 0.24 0.33
Mwa 0.16 0.26 0.00 0.60 0.23 0.00 0.01 ftwa 0.03
1.14 kipV 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.33 kip
0.14 0.26 0.00 0.52 0.21 0.00 0.13 1.31 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.07 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.12 0.26 0.00 0.35 0.15 0.00 0.25 1.47 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.14 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.10 0.26 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.00 0.38 1.63 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.20 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.08 0.26 0.00 0.22 0.08 0.00 0.50 1.80 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.27 0.00 0.24 0.33
0.06 0.26 0.00 0.59 0.25 0.00 0.63 1.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.34 0.00 0.24 0.33
Pwa ( 0.35 0.74 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.46 5.89 ) kip
Top Slab:
0.06 0.26 0.00 0.60 0.25 0.00 0.63 1.96 0.35 0.74 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 5.74 0.46
0.15 0.00 0.51 0.21 0.00 2.95 0.26 0.56 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 5.01 0.56
0.15 0.22
0.28 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.18 0.00 4.89 0.16 0.14 0.38 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 4.24 0.88
0.36 0.79 0.00 0.33 0.14 0.00 6.32 0.43
0.07 0.19 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 3.62 1.49
0.38 0.87 0.00 0.24 0.10 0.00 7.05 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 2.99 2.11
Mts 0.36 0.81 0.00 0.15 0.06 0.00 7.07 1.11 kipV ftts 0.08
0.17 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 2.37 2.74 kip
0.26 0.61 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.00 6.42 1.46 0.16 0.36 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 1.77 3.35
0.11 0.27 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 5.18 1.80 0.23 0.54 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.96 4.20
0.09 0.21 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 3.59 2.15 0.31 0.72 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.72 4.77
0.35 0.82 0.00 0.20 0.09 0.00 1.77 2.58 0.39 0.91 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.30 5.60
0.69 1.57 0.00 0.29 0.12 0.00 0.01 5.19 0.52 1.09 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.00 6.35
Interior Wall: Pts ( 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.34 0.00 0.24 0.33 ) kip
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
Mint 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.59 kip ft Vint 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53 kip
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.19 1.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.49 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.78 1.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.08 2.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53
Pint ( 1.03 2.18 0.00 0.24 0.10 0.00 0.00 7.49 ) kip
0.26 0.25 0.00 0.69 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.62 0.74 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 2.24 0.00
0.24 0.00 0.56 0.21 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 1.69 0.00
0.15 0.46
0.44 0.59 0.00 0.49 0.18 0.00 1.68 0.00 0.31 0.37 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 1.15 0.00
0.62 0.79 0.00 0.38 0.14 0.00 2.34 0.00
0.16 0.19 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.61 0.00
0.69 0.87 0.00 0.28 0.10 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.06
Mbs 0.64 0.80 0.00 0.17 0.06 0.00 2.45 0.00 kipVftbs 0.14
0.18 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.52 kip
0.48 0.60 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.00 1.89 0.00 0.29 0.36 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.06
0.21 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.44 0.55 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.61
0.17 0.23 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.93 0.59 0.73 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 2.15
0.67 0.84 0.00 0.24 0.09 0.00 0.00 2.63 0.74 0.92 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 2.69
1.28 1.60 0.00 0.33 0.13 0.00 0.00 4.85 0.89 1.10 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 3.23
Pbs ( 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.34 0.00 0.33 0.24 ) kip
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cc augment C 1 C 2 C 3
i i
if j = 1 max C c
T
Cp minCcT
i j
Comboi j if C p = C 1 1 if Cp = C2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
TSstr1c.m Str1.c Mts 11 WAstr1c.m Str1.c Mwa 11 BSstr1c.m Str1.c Mbs 11 INTstr1c.m Str1.c Mint 11
TSstr1c.v Str1.c Vts 11 WAstr1c.v Str1.c Vwa 11 BSstr1c.v Str1.c Vbs 11 INTstr1c.v Str1.c Vint 11
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Mstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Mts 11
Mstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Mwa 11
Vstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v Vts 11 Vstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v Vwa 11
Pstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Pts 11 Pstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Pwa 11
Mstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Mbs 11 Mstr1.int Str1 INTstr1c.m Mint 11
Vstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v Vbs 11 Vstr1.int Str1 INTstr1c.v Vint 11
Pstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Pbs 11 Pstr1.int Str1 INTstr1c.m Pint 11
Sv1.c Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11 WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11 BSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mbs 11 INTsv1c.m Sv1.c Mint 11
TSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv1.c Vwa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11 INTsv1c.v Sv1.c Vint 11
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
Ms1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Mts 11
Ms1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
Vs1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 Vs1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.v Vbs 11
Ps1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Pts 11 Ps1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
Ms1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Mwa 11 Ms1.int Sv1 BSsv1c.m Mint 11
Vs1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 Vs1.int Sv1 BSsv1c.v Vint 11
Ps1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Pwa 11 Ps1.int Sv1 BSsv1c.m Pint 11
Mstr1 augment Mstr1.waMstr1.ts Mstr1.int Mstr1.bs
Ms1 augment Ms1.wa Ms1.ts Ms1.int Ms1.bs
Vstr1 augment Vstr1.waVstr1.ts Vstr1.int Vstr1.bs Vs1 augment Vs1.wa Vs1.ts Vs1.int Vs1.bs
Pstr1 augment Pstr1.waPstr1.ts Pstr1.int Pstr1.bs Ps1 augment Ps1.wa Ps1.ts Ps1.int Ps1.bs
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 5.667 ft Design_Span 7.5 ft i 1 13 j 1 11
i 2
tbs 0.5 dv.assume d v.assume max0.9 ds.assume 0.72 h i
1 i i
0.5 Design_Height
0.5 Design_Height 8.32 "BOT"
Design_Height t 0.5 d
ts v.assume
4 34 "MID +"
34 "MID -" Exterior wall
twa.ex 0.5 d v.assume
5
59.68 "TOP" -------------------
0.5 Design_Span 8.76 "LT"
Design_Span t 45 "MID"
wa.in 0.5 d v.assume7
CS shear top slab
tbs 0.5 dv.assume CS shear 81.24 in "RT"
8 8.32 "BOT" -------------------
0.5 Design_Height 34 "MID"
Design_Height tts 0.5 dv.assume 59.68 "TOP" Interior wall
10 -------------------
twa.ex 0.5 d v.assume 9.03 "LT"
11 45 "MID"
0.5 Design_Span
bottom slab
80.97 "RT"
Design_Span twa.in 0.5 dv.assume
13
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h 1 h 2 t1 t2 for h h 1 h2
for t t1 t2
tracel LB L CS t
t
traceh UB L CS t
t
CSt L trace
l
t
Per t
L trace Ltrace
h l
t t
Intforce Per t Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h l l
t t t
Intforce
Mstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Mstr1 1 2 1 4
Vstr1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vstr1 1 2 1 4
Mstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7
Vstr1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
Mstr1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Mstr1 5 6 8 10 Vstr1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Vstr1 5 6 8 10
Mstr1.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mstr1 7 8 11 13 Vstr1.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vstr1 7 8 11 13
Ms1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ms1 1 2 1 4 Vs1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vs1 1 2 1 4
Ms1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ms1 3 4 5 7 Vs1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vs1 3 4 5 7
Ms1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Ms1 5 6 8 10 Vs1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Vs1 5 6 8 10
Ms1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 7 8 11 13 Vs1.bs Intforce CSshear L bs Vs1 7 8 11 13
Pstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Pstr1 1 2 1 4 Ps1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ps1 1 2 1 4
Pstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Pstr1 3 4 5 7 Ps1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ps1 3 4 5 7
Pstr1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Pstr1 5 6 8 10 Ps1.in Intforce CSmoment Lwa Ps1 5 6 8 10
Pstr1.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Pstr1 7 8 11 13 Ps1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ps1 7 8 11 13
Pstr1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.in 8 10 5 6 submatrix Pstr1.bs 11 13 7 8
Ms1.all stack Ms1.wall submatrix Ms1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.in 8 10 5 6 submatrix Ms1.bs 11 13 7 8
Vs1.all stack Vs1.wall submatrix Vs1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.in 8 10 5 6 submatrix Vs1.bs 11 13 7 8
Ps1.all stack Ps1.wall submatrix Ps1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.in 8 10 5 6 submatrix Ps1.bs 11 13 7 8
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Sectionloc ( "LT" "CEN" "CEN" "RT" "LT" "CEN" "RT" "LT" "CEN" "RT" "LT" "CEN" "RT" )
Critical Sections Design Strength Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Strength I:
Msr1 Mst for g 1 13
Psr1 Pst for g 1 13
Vsr1 Vsr for g 1 13
1 otherwise
Vstr Vsr
g
g Case
g
Vstr
Mstr1 Msr1 Mstr1.all
Vstr1 Vsr1 Vstr1.all
N str1 Psr1 Pstr1.all
2.31 1.90 11.91 "BOT"
0.83 0.40 1.23 "MID +"
1.99 0.40 11.81 "MID -" Exterior wall
3.77 1.78 11.91 "TOP" -------------------
2.01 10.06 2.08 "LT"
13.74 4.08 0.17 "MID"
top slab
Mstr1 7.15 kip ft Vstr1 11.41 kip N str1 1.17 kip "RT"
0.90 0.93 17.01 "BOT" -------------------
1.03 0.93 3.91 "MID" Interior wall
2.95 0.93 16.73 "TOP"
-------------------
1.41 4.52 2.14 "LT"
6.29 0.01 0.41 "MID"
bottom slab
7.55 6.70 1.40 "RT"
Critical Sections Factored Permanent Load Moment for slenderness evaluation consists of the Dead load of Components
(DC), Vertical Earth Load (EV), Horizontal Soil Load (EH) and the Dead load of the wearing surface (DW)
Md.wa Mwa
j j 1
γDC Mwa
j 2
γEV Mwa
j 3
γDW Mwa
j 4
γEH
Mp.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Md.wa 1 1 1 4
Md.ts Mts
j j 1
γDC Mts
j 2
γEV Mts
j 3
γDW Mts
j 4
γEH
Mp.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Md.ts 1 1 5 7
Md.int Mint
j j 1
γDC Mint
j 2
γEV Mint
j 3
γDW Mint
j 4
γEH
Mp.int Intforce CSmoment Lwa Md.int 1 1 8 10
Md.bs Mbs γDC Mbs γEV Mbs γDW Mbs γEH Mp.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 11 13
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
Md stack Mp.wallsubmatrix Mp.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix Mp.int 8 10 1 1 submatrix Mp.bs 11 13 1 1
Maximum Factored Permanent Moments
0.68 "BOT"
0.272 "MID +"
0.272 "MID -" Exterior wall
0.603 "TOP" -------------------
0.51 "LT"
1.3 "MID"
top slab
Md 1.518 kip ft "RT"
0 "BOT" -------------------
0 "MID"
0 "TOP" Interior wall
-------------------
0.551 "LT"
1.615 "MID"
bottom slab
1.968 "RT"
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Mstr1 Mstr1
Mstr1 if e min
i i
Mstr1 emin N str1
i i N str1 i i i Mstr1
i i
T
Mstr1 ( 2.311 0.835 1.993 3.766 2.009 13.741 7.147 1.418 1.032 2.951 1.411 6.291 7.55 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
min rin rex
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4 q2 8 10
Exterior Wall
Interior Wall
Md
q Md
β d T q2
q Mstr1 β d ( 0.294 0.326 0.136 0.16 ) β d.in
q q2 Mstr1
q2
3
twa.ex b 3
C m 1 ϕk 0.75 twa.in b
Ig.ex
12 Ig.in
12
Ec Ig.ex
Ec Ig.in
EIex
q 2.5 1 βd (LRFD 5.7.4.3-2) EIin
q q2 2.5 1 βd.in
q2
2
π EIex 2
q π EIin
Pc.ex q2
Pc.in
q 2
k Ht
k Ht
q2 2
T
Mstr1 ( 2.311 0.835 1.993 3.766 2.009 13.741 7.147 1.418 1.032 2.951 1.411 6.291 7.55 ) kip ft
Input Smooth WWF Size and Spacing From Eriksson Culvert at the critical sections
0.140 "BOT" 8 "W7"
0.060 "MID +" 8 "W4"
0.140 "MID -" Exterior wall 6 "W7"
0.140 "TOP" ------------------- 6 "W7"
0.140 "LT" 6 "W7" Reinforceing area
0.460 "MID" 6 "W23" consists of
2 top slab in multiple wires, wire
A.s 0.360 in "RT" spacing 6 Wire NO "W18"
number is shown
0.120 "BOT" ------------------- 4 ft "W4" is the largest wire
in group.
0.120 "MID" 4 "W4"
0.120 "TOP" Interior wall 4 "W4"
-------------------
0.140 "LT" 6 "W7"
0.270 "MID" 4 "W9"
bottom slab
0.32 "RT" 6 "W16"
Wire A Wire ASWireNO Wire D WireDB WireNO
i i i i
T 2
Wire A ( 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.23 0.18 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.16 ) in
T
Wire D ( 0.299 0.226 0.299 0.299 0.299 0.541 0.479 0.226 0.226 0.226 0.299 0.338 0.451 ) in
Effective Depth to the non-prestressed reinforcing (LRFD 5.7.3.2.2)
Wire D
i T
d s h i coveri d s ( 4.85 4.89 4.85 4.85 5.85 6.73 5.76 4.89 4.89 4.89 6.85 6.83 6.77 ) in
i 2
WireD
i T
d c min coveri 2in d c ( 1.15 1.11 1.15 1.15 2.15 1.27 2.24 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.15 1.17 1.23 ) in
i 2
Coefficient of Flexural Resistance and reinforcement ratio
fc' 4ksi
β 1 if fc' 4ksi 0.85 if fc' 8ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05 β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.7.2.2)
ksi
Mstr1
i T
R n R n ( 0.098 0.035 0.085 0.16 0.059 0.303 0.215 0.059 0.043 0.124 0.03 0.135 0.165 ) ksi
i 2
ϕf b d s
i
fc' 2 R n
i
ρreq 0.85 1 1
i fy 0.85 fc'
T 2
As_req ( 0.089 0.032 0.077 0.146 0.064 0.391 0.235 0.054 0.039 0.113 0.038 0.173 0.21 ) in
WireA
spacingreq
i
i As_req
i
T in
spacingreq ( 9.439 15.163 10.962 5.747 13.158 7.05 9.185 8.899 12.243 4.242 22.01 6.249 9.147 )
ft
csp if ceil spacingreq i spacingi "OK" "NG"
i
T
csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Ma 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2
As_req2 As_req2 0.01in
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β 1 b
β1 c
Mn2 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Po2 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
Ptc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds As_req2 fy
i
hi hi
Mtc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 d s As_req2 fy d s
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b hi ab 0.5 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As_req2 fy
Po2 Nstr1
i
Mn.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr1 Ptc2
Ptc2 str1i i
0.099
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc
i 0.032
0.087
Mtc2 otherwise
ϕ 0.75 if N str1 Pcc 0.156
i 0.074
0.441
0.90 if N str1 Ptc2
i 2
As.req_new( i ) 0.255 in
( 0.75 0.90) M 0.064
0.90 n.all Mtc2 otherwise
Mcc Mtc2
0.049
Ma ϕ Mn.all 0.123
As_req2 0.048
0.193
0.23
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β 1 b c ( 0.22 0.1 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.73 0.57 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.43 0.51 ) in
ds ci
i T
εt 0.003 εt ( 0.062 0.15 0.062 0.062 0.076 0.025 0.027 0.074 0.074 0.074 0.089 0.045 0.037 )
i
ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on
the curve and a straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment
capacity.
T
Po ( 314.5 309.64 314.5 314.5 416.5 435.94 429.87 313.29 313.29 313.29 416.5 424.4 427.44 ) kip
T
Mtc ( 15.46 14.74 15.46 15.46 24.69 32.46 26.47 15.35 15.35 15.35 28.12 30.05 30.58 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
a b β 1
i
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As fy hi
i 0.003 Es fy i i i Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b h i a b 0.5 As fy ds
i i i i i 2
T
Pcc ( 104.2 110.2 104.2 104.2 127.5 127.3 111.1 106.3 106.3 106.3 150.9 142 137.4 ) kip
T
Mcc ( 19.24 18.5 19.24 19.24 31.69 39.01 33.49 19.12 19.12 19.12 34.58 36.52 37.1 ) kip ft
0.90
( 0.75 0.90) M Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
n.all Mtc otherwise
Mcci Mtci i i
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
T
ccap ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.37ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.827 ksi
ksi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
T
Mcr fr Sc Mcr ( 4.964 4.964 4.964 4.964 8.825 8.825 8.825 4.964 4.964 4.964 8.825 8.825 8.825 ) kip ft
i i
T
Mmin ( 3.073 1.11 2.651 5.009 2.672 10.59 9.505 1.886 1.373 3.925 1.877 8.368 10.042 ) kip ft
700 γe dc
s 2 dc for which βs = 1
β s fss
0.7 h dc
γe 1.0 if Exposure = "Class 1"
Exposure Factor: γe 1
0.75 otherwise
dc As Es
β s 1
i i
ρi n (LRFD 5.7.1) n 6.765
i 0.7 hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
Ms1.abs Ms1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei
e i max 1.15 ds
i 1
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i 12.11.3
Ns1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i
ei
hi
Ms1.abs N s1 d s 700in γe
fss
i i i 2
(LRFD C.12.11.3) smax1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 d s i fss i (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i i i i
βs
i ksi
T
fss ( 13.656 11.485 12.436 18.751 13.725 35.073 27.497 2.771 6.605 20.566 6.182 28.612 28.216 ) ksi
T
smax1 ( 35.99 43.76 39.75 25.59 29.15 13.18 11.89 188.4 77.73 23.46 89.05 17.32 17.26 ) in
T
smax minsmax1 smax2 smax ( 9 9 9 9 12 12 11.9 9 9 9 12 12 12 ) in
i i i
Given
h r
2 hr As.r h r As.r
3 i i i i i
Pr d r x 3Mr Pr d r 3 P
r rd x 6 n ri ri dri
M P x 6 n Mr Pr d r b d = 0
i i i i i 2 i i 2 br d r i i i 2 r r
i i
T
x ( 0.494 0.163 0.611 0.309 0.195 0.242 0.239 1.834 0.544 0.706 0.229 0.193 0.214 )
h r
i
2ksiMr Pr d r
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss max 0.01ksi fc n 1
3 i br xi d r j i dr i
i
xi
i i
T
fc ( 0.531 0.296 0.41 1.036 0.459 1.623 1.248 0.053 0.202 0.52 0.237 0.969 1.096 ) ksi
dc.r 700in γe
β s.r 1
i
smax.r min99in 2 d c.r (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i 0.7h r in dc.r i fss i
i i
β s.r
i
i ksi
Summary of the rigorous stress calculation results. These results differ from the simple calculation provided in
AASHTO by 1-2% typically.
T
fss ( 3.67 10.29 1.77 15.68 12.85 34.34 26.85 0.01 1.15 1.47 5.39 27.48 27.27 ) ksi
T
smax.r ( 99.00 49.11 99.00 31.06 31.42 13.52 12.28 99.00 99.00 99.00 99.00 18.13 17.95 ) in
Wire A.ts
ii 2
As.ts T in
ii spacingts As.ts ( 0.12 0.12 0.12 )
ii ft
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.8
1.3 b hts
ii
As.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.8)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.4.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
h ts max tts tbs twa.ex twa.in As.ts.req 0.001 h ts b
2
As.ts.req 0.096 in
p s.dis min
1
0.50
p s.dis 36.515 %
Design_Span
(LRFD 9.7.3.2)
ft
Top Slab Distribution steel requirement
As
6 2
As.dis.top p s.dis in
ft As.dis.top 0.168
ft
Bottom Slab Distribution steel requirement
As 2
11 in
As.dis.bot p s.dis As.dis.bot 0.051
ft ft
Distribution Steel is provided by bars C100 and C200
checktop.dis if As.dis.top As.ds "OK" "NG" checktop.dis "OK"
1
checkbottom.dis if As.dis.bot As.ds "OK" "NG" checkbottom.dis "OK"
2
4.10 Vertical Shear Design
Per LRFD (5.14.5.3), the provisions of (5.8) apply to fill depths less than 2ft. for the both the sidewalls and slabs
T
d v ( 4.761 4.849 4.761 4.761 5.761 6.436 5.76 4.811 4.811 4.811 6.761 6.659 6.571 ) in
fc'
Vc min0.25 fc' b d v 0.0316ksi β b dv Vr Vc ϕv (LRFD 5.8.3.3)
i i ksi i i i
T
Vc ( 8.074 8.223 8.074 8.074 9.77 10.915 9.768 8.158 8.158 8.158 11.466 11.292 11.143 ) kip
T
Vr ( 7.27 7.4 7.27 7.27 8.79 9.82 8.79 7.34 7.34 7.34 10.32 10.16 10.03 ) kip
Check is the Shear Capacity of the Concrete Alone is sufficient
csh if Vr Vstr1 "OK" "NG"
i i i
T
csh ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "NG" "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Vstr1 Vr
i i
Vs.req max 0 T
i ϕv Vs.req ( 0 0 0 0 1.413 0 2.908 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) kip
Assume W1.5 wire spaced at 4 in wrapped in the shape of U stirrup for the top slab
in in
Wire NO.shear "W1.5" Spacingshear 4 Spacingshear 4 Spacingshear 0
5 ft 7 ft 13
2Wire A.shear
Av if Spacingshear = 0 0 T 2
i i Spacingshear Av ( 0 0 0 0 0.09 0 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) in
i
Av dv fyv cot( θ)
Vs if Vs.req 0 0
i i (LRFD 5.8.3.3-4)
T
Vs ( 0 0 0 0 8.426 0 8.424 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) kip
i i Spacingshear 1ft
i
Final Shear Capacity
T
Vu ( 7.27 7.40 7.27 7.27 16.38 9.82 16.37 7.34 7.34 7.34 10.32 10.16 10.03 ) kip
The transverse shear reinforcement requirement of LRFD article 5.8.2.4 is exempt for culverts and therefore the shear
reinforcement shall be provided until the design shear force Vu is less than the shear capacity of the concrete alone ϕVc.
The shear capacity of the concrete alone (Vc) is taken from above and the location where the shear stirrups can be removed
is found by investigating the factored moments and shears at the tenth points
0 11.694 0.703
0.131 LBvstr1( Vector value) for j 1 11
9 10.02
18 8.338 0.763 return j if Vector j value
27 6.919 2.165
UB vstr1( Vector value) for j 1 11
36 5.482 3.584 return j 1 if Vectorj value
L ts 45 in Vstr1.tsi 4.076 5.008 kip
Vc.LT ϕv Vc Vc.RT ϕv Vc
54 2.679 6.423 5 7
63 0.94 8.232
LTvstr1 submatrix Vstr1.tsi 1 11 1 1
72 0.186 9.563
81 0.896 RTvstr1 submatrix Vstr1.tsi 1 11 2 2
11.362
90 1.2 13.072
LBLT LBvstr1 LTvstr1 Vc.LT LBLT 3
LBRT LBvstr1 RTvstr1 Vc.RT LBRT 9
The length from each end to where the transverse reinforcing can be stopped is found:
value ForceLB
Stirrupstop( UB LB L value Force) Per
ForceUB ForceLB
Stop Per LUB LLB L LB
LT Stirrupstop UB LT LBLT L ts Vc.LT LTvstr1 RT Lts
Stirrupstop UBRT LB RT Lts Vc.RT RTvstr1
last L ts
LT 15.566 in RT 23.217 in
Therefore the shear stirrup zone can be removed after 2ft from each slab end
Maximum Spacing Requirement
Vstr1
i
ν u (LRFD 5.8.2.9)
i ϕv b d v
i
smax if νu 0.125 fc' min0.8 dv 24in min0.4 d v 12in (LRFD 5.8.2.7)
i i i i
T
smax ( 3.81 3.88 3.81 3.81 4.61 5.15 4.61 3.85 3.85 3.85 5.41 5.33 5.26 ) in
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. No vertical distance is required as the clear height is less than 5ft and therefore Eriksson Culvert omits bar B2
and makes bars A1 and A2 have the same spacing with a class C splice
Epoxy coated Bar Modep if spacing4 ft 3 Wire D 1.5 if clear4 6 Wire D 1.5 1.2 Modep 1.2
4 4
Area of steel As.req_new( 4)
Modas Modas 1.115
provided As
4
Spacing Mods if spacing4 ft 6in 1 if clear4 3 Wire D 1 0.8 Mods 0.8
4
0.95 WireD fy
4
Ldp Modep Modas Mods Ldp 8.842 in
fc'
ksi
ksi
The development length shall be not less than 12in
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 12 in
Extension Length
Exlength max Ld 12 WireD 0.0625 Clear_Span ds (LRFD 5.11.2.3)
4 4
Exlength 12 in
Condition Factor ψc 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.3) System factor ψs 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.4)
C moment ψc ψs Ma C shear ψc ψs Vu MBE (6A.4.2.1-2)
System Capacity: i i i i
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
Mrat.wa Intforce CS moment L wa Mwa 1 8 1 4 Mrat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mts 1 8 5 7
Mrat.int Intforce CS moment L wa Mint 1 8 8 10 Mrat.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mbs 1 8 11 13
Vrat.wa Intforce CS shear Lwa Vwa 1 8 1 4 Vrat.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vts 1 8 5 7
Vrat.int Intforce CS shear Lwa Vint 1 8 8 10 Vrat.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vbs 1 8 11 13
Mrat.all stack Mrat.wasubmatrix Mrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.int 8 10 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 11 13 1 8
Vrat.all stack Vrat.wasubmatrix Vrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.int 8 10 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 11 13 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 13
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci C i
LLi if Section = "Neg" Intf Intf
i
T
i 8 i 7
LLmod if LLi = 0 0.0001kip ft LLi
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
RF3 99 if Intf =0
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
otherwis
γLL Intf
i 5
RFtot augment RF1 RF2 RF3
i
T
RFmin minRFtot
i
RFmin
IRmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL
IRshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL
T
IRmoment ( 2.89 2.96 2.60 1.48 2.60 1.06 1.51 6.25 3.35 1.89 6.08 1.56 1.55 )
T
IRshear ( 7.21 17.66 12.51 6.37 1.71 2.36 1.50 7.92 7.92 7.92 2.91 99.00 1.71 )
ORmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL.OR
ORshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL.OR
T
ORmoment ( 3.74 3.84 3.37 1.91 3.37 1.37 1.96 8.1 4.34 2.44 7.88 2.03 2.01 )
T
ORshear ( 9.34 22.89 16.21 8.26 2.22 3.06 1.95 10.26 10.26 10.26 3.77 99 2.21 )
IRmoment 1.56
debug 0 12
IRshear 1.50
7
IRshear 1.71
13
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 1.070 1.083 -1.2%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 1.199 1.206 -0.6%
Top Corner-Bar AE1 0.480 0.482 -0.4%
Bottom Corner-Bar A2 0.568 0.568 0.0%
2
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar CE1 0.120 0.120 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.120 0.120 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.120 0.120 0.0%
Bottom Slab-Bar C200 0.120 0.120 0.0%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 12'-0"
Clear Height: 12'-0"
Top Slab: 10"
Bottom Slab: 10"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 2.50 ft
6'-0"
x
Length: 6'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8" 13'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
10"
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
Allow Stress: 24 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.125 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
12'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Ext. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Top Slab 2"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Loads
10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: CT-Permit-204 10" 12'-0" 10"
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.029 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 56.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 28.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: yes
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.617 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 9.704 cy
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
6"
6"
6" 5 B1 Bars @ 1'-3"
4"
3" 7 A300 Bars @ 11"
3"
3" 7 A400 Bars @ 11"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 5th Edition 2010
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 12.0000 ft Fill Depth : 2.50 ft
Clear Height: 12.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 6.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 10.0000 in Bot Slab: 10.0000 in
Ext Wall: 10.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Fr Factor : 0.37
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 1.00fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.125 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.400 (Maximum for Uncompacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) CT-Permit-204 - Permit Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 15.00 0.00
2 27.00 11.00
3 27.00 4.00
4 27.00 4.00
5 27.00 24.00
6 27.00 4.00
7 27.00 4.00
8 27.00 4.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: no
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck Or Tandem Or Lane
Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength II
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : yes
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.03 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 56.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 28.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : yes, to the interior
Int. Pressure Head : 0.00
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.720
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.050 Redundancy, earth: 1.050
Condition: 0.950 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 1- 0 0.21 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.72 -3.24
1- 1 -2.83 -2.22 -0.20 0.81 0.06 -0.75 1- 1 0.21 0.00 0.00 3.07 0.57 -2.33
1- 2 -2.56 -2.22 -0.20 4.12 0.71 -3.22 1- 2 0.21 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.43 -1.51
1- 3 -2.30 -2.22 -0.20 6.21 1.17 -4.70 1- 3 0.21 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.29 -0.79
1- 4 -2.03 -2.22 -0.20 7.21 1.44 -5.31 1- 4 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.14 -0.17
1- 5 -1.76 -2.22 -0.20 7.22 1.54 -5.19 1- 5 0.21 0.00 0.00 -0.35 0.00 0.36
1- 6 -1.50 -2.22 -0.20 6.38 1.44 -4.45 1- 6 0.21 0.00 0.00 -0.97 -0.14 0.79
1- 7 -1.23 -2.22 -0.20 4.79 1.17 -3.21 1- 7 0.21 0.00 0.00 -1.50 -0.29 1.13
1- 8 -0.96 -2.22 -0.20 2.58 0.71 -1.61 1- 8 0.21 0.00 0.00 -1.94 -0.43 1.37
1- 9 -0.70 -2.22 -0.20 -0.14 0.06 0.24 1- 9 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.29 -0.57 1.51
1-10 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.25 -0.77 2.22 1-10 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.55 -0.72 1.56
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 0 0.88 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 0.53 0.18 0.02 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 1 0.64 1.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 1.25 2.05 0.18 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 2 0.48 1.25 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 1.77 3.38 0.30 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 3 0.32 0.83 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 2.08 4.18 0.37 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 4 0.16 0.42 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 2.18 4.45 0.40 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 2.08 4.18 0.37 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 6 -0.16 -0.42 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 1.77 3.38 0.30 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 7 -0.32 -0.83 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 1.25 2.05 0.18 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 8 -0.48 -1.25 -0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 0.53 0.18 0.02 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 9 -0.64 -1.66 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2-10 -0.88 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 0 2.48 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 -0.23 0.18 0.02 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 1 1.99 1.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 2.00 2.05 0.18 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 2 1.49 1.25 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 3.59 3.38 0.30 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 3 0.99 0.83 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 4.54 4.18 0.37 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 4 0.50 0.42 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 4.86 4.45 0.40 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 4.54 4.18 0.37 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 6 -0.50 -0.42 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 3.59 3.38 0.30 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 7 -0.99 -0.83 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 2.00 2.05 0.18 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 8 -1.49 -1.25 -0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 -0.23 0.18 0.02 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 9 -1.99 -1.66 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4-10 -2.48 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 -0.88 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.55 -0.72 1.56
4 -0.21 0.00 0.00 -4.16 -0.72 3.24
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, CT-Permit-204 ----------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.581 3.71
2 1.046 3.71 11.00
3 1.046 3.71 4.00
4 1.046 3.71 4.00
5 1.046 3.71 24.00
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 12'-0"
Clear Height: 12'-0"
Top Slab: 10"
Bottom Slab: 10"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 2.50 ft
6'-0"
x
Length: 6'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8" 13'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
10"
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
Allow Stress: 24 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.125 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
12'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Ext. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Top Slab 2"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Loads
10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93 10" 12'-0" 10"
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.029 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 56.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 28.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: yes
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.617 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 9.704 cy
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
14 C1 Bars @ 11"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
10 1/2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
1"
1"
8 B1 Bars @ 10"
8 B1 Bars @ 10"
1"
1"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
1"
6" 6 A300 Bars @ 1'-0" 6"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 5th Edition 2010
Operating Mode : Analysis
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 12.0000 ft Fill Depth : 2.50 ft
Clear Height: 12.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 6.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Member Thicknesses: Top Slab: 10.0000 in Bot Slab: 10.0000 in
Ext Wall: 10.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 5.000 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 4287 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Fr Factor : 0.37
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 1.00fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.125 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.400 (Maximum for Uncompacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : yes
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.03 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 56.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 28.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : yes, to the interior
Int. Pressure Head : 0.00
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.050 Redundancy, earth: 1.050
Condition: 0.950 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 2.0000 in 2.0000 in
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 1- 0 0.21 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.72 -3.24
1- 1 -2.83 -2.22 -0.20 0.81 0.06 -0.75 1- 1 0.21 0.00 0.00 3.07 0.57 -2.33
1- 2 -2.56 -2.22 -0.20 4.12 0.71 -3.22 1- 2 0.21 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.43 -1.51
1- 3 -2.30 -2.22 -0.20 6.21 1.17 -4.70 1- 3 0.21 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.29 -0.79
1- 4 -2.03 -2.22 -0.20 7.21 1.44 -5.31 1- 4 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.14 -0.17
1- 5 -1.76 -2.22 -0.20 7.22 1.54 -5.19 1- 5 0.21 0.00 0.00 -0.35 0.00 0.36
1- 6 -1.50 -2.22 -0.20 6.38 1.44 -4.45 1- 6 0.21 0.00 0.00 -0.97 -0.14 0.79
1- 7 -1.23 -2.22 -0.20 4.79 1.17 -3.21 1- 7 0.21 0.00 0.00 -1.50 -0.29 1.13
1- 8 -0.96 -2.22 -0.20 2.58 0.71 -1.61 1- 8 0.21 0.00 0.00 -1.94 -0.43 1.37
1- 9 -0.70 -2.22 -0.20 -0.14 0.06 0.24 1- 9 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.29 -0.57 1.51
1-10 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.25 -0.77 2.22 1-10 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.55 -0.72 1.56
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 0 0.88 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 0.53 0.18 0.02 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 1 0.64 1.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 1.25 2.05 0.18 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 2 0.48 1.25 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 1.77 3.38 0.30 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 3 0.32 0.83 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 2.08 4.18 0.37 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 4 0.16 0.42 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 2.18 4.45 0.40 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 2.08 4.18 0.37 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 6 -0.16 -0.42 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 1.77 3.38 0.30 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 7 -0.32 -0.83 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 1.25 2.05 0.18 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 8 -0.48 -1.25 -0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 0.53 0.18 0.02 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2- 9 -0.64 -1.66 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -0.43 -2.22 -0.20 -3.35 -0.77 2.32 2-10 -0.88 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 0 2.48 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 -0.23 0.18 0.02 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 1 1.99 1.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 2.00 2.05 0.18 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 2 1.49 1.25 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 3.59 3.38 0.30 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 3 0.99 0.83 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 4.54 4.18 0.37 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 4 0.50 0.42 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 4.86 4.45 0.40 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 4.54 4.18 0.37 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 6 -0.50 -0.42 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 3.59 3.38 0.30 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 7 -0.99 -0.83 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 2.00 2.05 0.18 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 8 -1.49 -1.25 -0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 -0.23 0.18 0.02 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4- 9 -1.99 -1.66 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -3.10 -2.22 -0.20 -3.83 -0.77 2.82 4-10 -2.48 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 -0.88 -2.08 -0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.21 0.00 0.00 -2.55 -0.72 1.56
4 -0.21 0.00 0.00 -4.16 -0.72 3.24
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.310 3.71
2 1.239 3.71 14.00
3 1.239 3.71 14.00
Tandem 1 0.968 3.71
Note: Mu - Resisting moment under pure flexure, Ma - Allowable moment under applied axial load
Strength Limit State at Critical Sections: Vertical Shear
---------------------------------------------------------
Member 1: (Exterior Wall), Thickness = 10.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
BOT 20.20 5.43 14.5 13.59 7.28 11.11 2.000 45.00 12.35b 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.15 6.68
MID 77.00 0.62 9.5 2.65 7.47 11.40 2.000 45.00 12.67b 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.99 99.99
MID- 77.00 0.62 9.5 13.59 7.28 11.11 2.000 45.00 12.35b 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.61 51.35
TOP 20.20 -4.05 13.7 13.59 7.28 11.11 2.000 45.00 12.35b 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.84 10.17
Member 2: (Top Slab), Thickness = 10.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
LT 20.20 10.62 7.7 4.92 7.63 17.46 n/a n/a 19.40c 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.79 2.32
MID 77.00 2.94 28.5 0.01 7.63 17.46 n/a n/a 19.40c 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.64 7.31
RT 20.20 10.62 7.7 4.92 7.63 17.46 n/a n/a 19.40c 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.79 2.32
Member 4: (Bottom Slab), Thickness = 10.00 in
Design Corr. Corr. Max. Load Ratings
Loc Dist. Shear Moment A. F. Dv phi*Vn Beta Theta Vc Vs Av Spac IR OR
(in) (k) (k-ft) (k) (in) (k) (k) (k) (in2) (in)
LT 20.20 9.65 6.0 7.75 7.63 17.46 n/a n/a 19.40c 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 3.11
MID 77.00 0.09 27.4 0.18 7.50 17.17 n/a n/a 19.08c 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.99 99.99
RT 20.20 9.65 6.0 7.75 7.63 17.46 n/a n/a 19.40c 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 3.11
Vc Calculation By: a - Iterative Beta, b - Constant Beta, c - Box Culvert, d - Standard/Arema
5.1 Input
5.2 Design Process
5.3 Preliminary Check
5.4 Loads
5.5 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
5.6 Factored Internal Member Forces
5.7 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
5.8 Flexural Strength Check
5.9 Service Stress Check
5.10 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
5.11 Shear Strength Check
5.12 Bar Cutoff Analysis
5.13 Fatigue Analysis
5.14 Deflection Check
5.15 Load Rating
5.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi wc 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 154 in
Design_Span
18
tts c12.11.2.1 "Edge Beam Not-Required"
2
single haunch: th
wdha wc 1 ft wdha 0.033 kip
weight 2
wall weight wwall twa wc 1 ft wwall 0.125 klf
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
1
wbottom wdts Design_Span 2 wwall Design_Height Design_Span
wbottom 0.375 klf
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
weh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft weh_top_min 0.07 klf
weh_bot_min γsmin H s tts Ht tbs 1 ft weh_bot_min 0.453 klf
Maximum Case
weh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft weh_top_max 0.14 klf
weh_bot_max γsmax H s tts Ht tbs 1 ft weh_bot_max 0.905 klf
Live Load :
wsllmin.h γsmin LSht 1 ft wsllmin.h 0.056 klf
Surcharge (LS) Minimum Case
wsllmax.h γsmax LSht 1 ft wsllmax.h 0.112 klf
Maximum Case
Water Load : Internal Water pressure is used in the design of the culvert. Two cases are checked within the program
(WA) corresponding to the culvert full of water and empty. The water load varies from zero at the top slab to
the maximum shown below:
Maximum Case wwa.max H t γw 1 ft wwa.max 0.749 klf
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 22.688 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
1.2
1.00
MPFLRFD Wheel_Gage 6 ft Tire_Length 10in
0.85 Fill_SlopeLRFD 1.15
Lane_Sep 4 ft Tire_Width 20in
0.65
(LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1) (LRFD 3.6.1.3.1) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.6) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.5)
T
Axle Loads Paxle.204 ( 15 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 ) kip N axle 8
T
Axle Spacing SPaxle.204 ( 11 4 4 24 4 4 4 ) ft
For the top slab:
Dis_LengthL H s Fill_SlopeLRFD Tire_Length Dis_LengthL 3.708 ft
(LRFD 3.6.1.2.6)
Dis_Width T Tire_Width H s Fill_SlopeLRFD Dis_Width T 4.542 ft
Check if any of the wheels overlap and if so distribute uniformly over the entire area
checkoverlap if Dis_WidthT Wheel_Gage "Areas Overlap" "No Overlap use indivdual areas"
checkoverlap "No Overlap use indivdual areas"
Waxle p axle saxle naxle n lanes Al for q 1 naxle
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 nlanes
if n lanes 1
Axleload
Permit Vehicle
WP204 Waxle Paxle.204 SPaxle.204 N axle NLanes WP204 ( 0.565 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.017 ) ksf
B_L n axle waxle augment for q 1 naxle
for q 1 naxle
q q
Ptop
q waxle Dis_LengthL
j
Ptop
q reverse axle j
w Dis_LengthL
j 1 j1
Ptop 1 ft Ptop 1 ft
Wbot Wbot
q Design_Span q Design_Span
Permit:
0.163 0.457 0.751 1.045 1.339 1.632 1.926 2.22
Wbot.Truck B_LNaxle WP204
T T
Wbot.Truck klf
0.294 0.588 0.881 1.175 1.469 1.763 2.057 2.22
ηmin min
1
1.0 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-3) ηmin 0.952
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.72
T T
h ( 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ) in cover ( 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) in
A structural analysis was performed using a standard commercial matrix-analysis software. The box culvert model was
assumed to be a rigid two dimensional frame. All vertical loading from the top slab is assumed to be uniformly
distributed along the bottom slab as performed in Eriksson Culvert. A more refined method of analysis requires
knowledge of the in-situ soil properties to select an appropriate soil stiffness (LRFD 12.11.2.3). The haunches are not
included in the structural analysis model which is shown in Figure 3.
Top Slab: Pwa ( 0.88 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.36 ) kip
0.43 2.22 0.2 3.35 0.77 2.32 0.03 6.76 0.88 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 6.36 0.00
0.18 0.02 3.35 0.77 2.32 1.94 1.37 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 5.17 0.06
0.53 0.64
1.25 2.05 0.18 3.35 0.77 2.32 6.23 0.00 0.48 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 4.07 0.25
1.77 3.38 0.3 3.35 0.77 2.32 10.16 0.00
0.32 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 3.11 0.55
2.08 4.18 0.37 3.35 0.77 2.32 12.64 0.00 0.16 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 2.29 1.00
Mts 2.18 4.45 0.4 3.35 0.77 2.32 13.46 0.00 kip ftVts 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 1.57 1.57 kip
2.08 4.18 0.37 3.35 0.77 2.32 12.60 0.00 0.16 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 1.00 2.28
1.77 3.38 0.3 3.35 0.77 2.32 10.28 0.00 0.32 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 0.57 3.11
1.25 2.05 0.18 3.35 0.77 2.32 6.33 0.00 0.48 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 0.25 4.07
0.53 0.18 0.02 3.35 0.77 2.32 1.96 1.47 0.64 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 0.06 5.16
0.43 2.22 0.2 3.35 0.77 2.32 0.03 6.82 0.88 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 0.00 6.36
Pts ( 0.21 0.00 0.00 2.55 0.72 1.56 0.12 0.07 ) kip
Bottom Slab:
3.10 2.22 0.2 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.00 6.70 2.48 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 6.25 0.00
0.02 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.69 0.17
0.23 0.18
1.99 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 5.00 0.00
2.00 2.05 0.18 3.83 0.77 2.82 6.15 0.00 1.49 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 3.75 0.00
3.59 3.38 0.3 3.83 0.77 2.82 10.16 0.00
0.99 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 2.50 0.00
4.54 4.18 0.37 3.83 0.77 2.82 12.57 0.00 0.50 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 1.25 0.00
Mbs 4.86 4.45 0.4 3.83 0.77 2.82 13.37 0.00 kip ftVbs 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.05 kip
4.54 4.18 0.37 3.83 0.77 2.82 12.57 0.00 0.50 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 0.00 1.25
3.59 3.38 0.3 3.83 0.77 2.82 10.16 0.00 0.99 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 0.00 2.50
2.00 2.05 0.18 3.83 0.77 2.82 6.15 0.00 1.49 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 0.00 3.75
0.23 0.18 0.02 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.69 0.17 1.99 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 0.00 5.00
3.10 2.22 0.2 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.00 6.70 2.48 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 0.00 6.25
Pbs ( 0.21 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.72 3.24 0.07 0.12 ) kip
Str2.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 ηmin γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6
ηmax γEH Intf γLS Intf
i 4 i 5
C2 ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 j
ηmin γWA.min Intf
i 6
C3 ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6 i 6 j
ηmin γEH.min Intf
i 4
Cc augment C 1 C 2 C 3
i i
if j = 1 max C c
T
Cp minCcT
i j
Comboi j if C p = C 1 1 if Cp = C2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
TSstr2c.m Str2.c Mts 11 WAstr2c.m Str2.c Mwa 11 BSstr2c.m Str2.c Mbs 11
TSstr2c.v Str2.c Vts 11 WAstr2c.v Str2.c Vwa 11 BSstr2c.v Str2.c Vbs 11
Cp ηmin γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γWA.min Intf if C i j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6
ηmax γEH Intf γLS Intf
i 4 i 5
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γLL Intf if C i j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 j
ηmin γWA.min Intf
i 6
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6 i 6 j
ηmin γEH.min Intf
i 4
Cp
Mstr2.ts Str2 TSstr2c.m Mts 11
Mstr2.wa Str2 WAstr2c.m Mwa 11
Mstr2.bs Str2 BSstr2c.m Mbs 11
Vstr2.ts Str2 TSstr2c.v Vts 11 Vstr2.wa Str2 WAstr2c.v Vwa 11 Vstr2.bs Str2 BSstr2c.v Vbs 11
Pstr2.ts Str2 TSstr2c.m Pts 11 Pstr2.wa Str2 WAstr2c.m Pwa 11 Pstr2.bs Str2 BSstr2c.m Pbs 11
Sv1.c Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11
C3
i j
Intf
i 1
Intf
i 2
Intf
i 3
Intf
i 4
γsmax
Intf
i 6
Intf
i 6 j
WAsv1c.v Sv1.c Vwa 11
C c augment C1 C2 C3 BSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mbs 11
i i
BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
if j = 1 maxCc
T
Cp minCcT
i j
Combo i j if Cp = C1 1 if C p = C 2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
Sv1 C Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
C
Ms1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m pMts 11
Ms1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Mwa 11
Ms1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
Vs1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 Vs1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 Vs1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.v Vbs 11
Ps1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Pts 11 Ps1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Pwa 11 Ps1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
Mstr2 augment Mstr2.waMstr2.ts Mstr2.bs
Ms1 augment Ms1.wa Ms1.ts Ms1.bs
Vstr2 augment Vstr2.waVstr2.ts Vstr2.bs Vs1 augment Vs1.wa Vs1.ts Vs1.bs
7.689 0.313 15.780 2.655 17.681 4.026 5.210 1.020 9.510 3.150 11.000 4.750
5.873 0.334 12.679 2.064 14.144 3.221
3.970 0.655 7.620 2.390 8.800 3.800
4.217 0.347 9.860 1.551 10.608 2.417 2.840 0.330 5.910 1.590 6.600 2.850
2.689 0.331 7.280 0.670 7.058 1.603
1.800 0.060 4.330 0.670 4.390 1.890
1.270 0.288 4.982 0.960 3.550 0.813 0.840 0.155 2.910 0.380 2.210 0.960
Vstr2 0.570 0.347 2.835 2.835 0.090 0.090 kip Vs1 0.515 0.210 1.570 1.570 0.050 0.050 kip
0.490 1.479 0.960 4.964 0.813 3.550 0.635 0.970 0.380 2.900 0.960 2.210
0.393 2.501 0.634 7.280 1.603 7.058 0.710 1.650 0.650 4.330 1.890 4.390
0.268 3.377 1.551 9.860 2.417 10.608 0.730 2.230 1.590 5.910 2.850 6.600
0.115 4.126 2.064 12.661 3.221 14.144 0.695 2.720 2.390 7.610 3.800 8.800
0.055 4.766 2.655 15.780 4.026 17.681 0.615 3.130 3.150 9.510 4.750 11.000
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial
4.293 15.780 0.055 4.766 0.313 7.689 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.130 1.020 5.210
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.766 0.313 7.689
3.150 9.510 0.615 3.130 1.020 5.210
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377
3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
Pstr2 2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 kip Ps1 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090 kip
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.735 0.313 7.377 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.060 1.020 5.090
2.655 15.780 0.055 4.766 0.313 7.689 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.130 1.020 5.210
4.293 15.780 0.055 4.766 0.313 7.689 3.150 9.510 0.615 3.130 1.020 5.210
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 12.833 ft Design_Span 12.833 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
tbs 0.5 th
13 "BOT"
0.5 Design_Height
77 "MID +"
0.4 Design_Height 61.6 "MID -" exterior wall
Design_Height tts 0.5 th
141 "TOP" -------------------
twa 0.5 th 13 "LT"
CS moment CS moment in
0.5 Design_Span 77 "MID" top slab
Design_Span twa 0.5 th 141 "RT"
-------------------
twa 0.5 th 13 "LT"
77 "MID"
0.5 Design_Span bottom slab
Design_Span t 0.5 t 141 "RT"
wa h
Db
d s.assume hi coveri d v.assume max0.9 d s.assume 0.72 hi
i 2 i i
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h 1 h 2 t1 t2 for h h 1 h2
for t t1 t2
tracel LB L CS t
t
traceh UB L CS t
t
CSt L trace
l
t
Per t
L trace Ltrace
h l
t t
Intforce Per t Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h l l
t t t
Intforce
Mstr2.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Mstr2 1 2 1 4
Vstr2.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vstr2 1 2 1 4
Mstr2.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mstr2 3 4 5 7 Vstr2.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vstr2 3 4 5 7
Mstr2.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mstr2 5 6 8 10 Vstr2.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vstr2 5 6 8 10
Ms1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ms1 1 2 1 4 Vs1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vs1 1 2 1 4
Ms1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ms1 3 4 5 7 Vs1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vs1 3 4 5 7
Ms1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 Vs1.bs Intforce CSshear L bs Vs1 5 6 8 10
Mstr2.all stack Mstr2.wall submatrix Mstr2.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr2.bs 8 10 5 6
Vstr2.all stack Vstr2.wall submatrix Vstr2.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr2.bs 8 10 5 6
Pstr2.all stack Pstr2.wall submatrix Pstr2.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr2.bs 8 10 5 6
Ms1.all stack Ms1.wall submatrix Ms1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
Vs1.all stack Vs1.wall submatrix Vs1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
Msr Mst for g 1 10
Psr Pst for g 1 10
Vsr Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
Mstr2 Msr Mstr2.all Vstr2 Vsr Vstr2.all
N str2 Psr Pstr2.all
20.36 5.36 15.78 "BOT"
9.48 0.57 2.65 "MID +"
17.49 0.57 15.78 "MID -" exterior wall
17.34 3.89 15.78 "TOP" -------------------
9.92 11.80 4.77 "LT"
Mstr2 kip ft Vstr2 kip N str2 kip
33.44 2.84 0.06 "MID" top slab
10.09 11.79 4.77 "RT"
-------------------
10.14 13.04 7.69 "LT"
36.91 0.09 0.31 "MID"
bottom slab
10.14 13.04 7.69 "RT"
Critical Sections Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Service I:
Ms1 Msr Ms1.all Vs1 Vsr Vs1.all
N s1 Psr Ps1.all
13.00 3.62 9.51 "BOT"
4.58 0.51 3.15 "MID +"
12.84 0.51 9.51 "MID -" exterior wall
10.48 2.57 9.51 "TOP" -------------------
6.16 7.09 3.13 "LT"
Ms1 kip ft Vs1 kip N s1 kip
21.13 1.57 0.62 "MID" top slab
6.25 7.08 3.13 "RT"
-------------------
6.67 8.11 5.21 "LT"
23.98 0.05 1.02 "MID" bottom slab
6.67 8.11 5.21 "RT"
Critical Sections Factored Permanent Load Moment for slenderness evaluation consists of the Dead load of Components
(DC), Vertical Earth Load (EV), Horizontal Soil Load (EH) and the Dead load of the wearing surface (DW)
Md.wa Mwa
j j 1
γDC Mwa
j 2
γEV Mwa
j 3
γDW Mwa
j 4
γEH
Mp.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Md.wa 1 1 1 4
Md.ts Mts
j j 1
γDC Mts
j 2
γEV Mts
j 3
γDW Mts
j 4
γEH
Mp.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Md.ts 1 1 5 7
Md.bs Mbs
j j 1
γDC Mbs
j 2
γEV Mbs
j 3
γDW Mbs
j 4
γEH
Mp.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
Md stack Mp.wallsubmatrix Mp.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix Mp.bs 8 10 1 1
6.665 "BOT"
4.361 "MID +"
4.01 "MID -" exterior wall
4.852 "TOP" -------------------
4.321 "LT"
Md kip ft
4.587 "MID" top slab
4.321 "RT"
-------------------
6.291 "LT"
7.289 "MID"
bottom slab
6.291 "RT"
5.8 Flexural Strength Check
1.5
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 33000 ksi K1 Ec 4286.83 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
e min max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
Mstr2
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr2
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Mstr2 Mstr2
Mstr2 if e min
i i
Mstr2 emin N str2
i i N str2 i i i Mstr2
i i
T
Mstr2 ( 20.363 9.48 17.487 17.337 9.919 33.439 10.088 10.141 36.907 10.141 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Ratio of the maximum factored permanent moment to ultimate moment
Md
q
β d T
q Mstr2 β d ( 0.327 0.46 0.229 0.28 )
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
C m 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.7.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
Cm
δq min1.0 T
Nstr2 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
Mstr2 δq Mstr2
The resulting magnified moment for the walls q q
Input Bar Size and Spacing From ET Culvert at the critical sections
6 "BOT" 9
6 "MID +" 15
6 "MID -" exterior wall 9
6 "TOP" ------------------- 9
6 "LT" 9 in
Bar NO spacing
8 "MID" top slab 8 ft
6 "RT" 9
-------------------
6 "LT" 9
7 "MID" bottom slab 6
6 "RT" 9
Bar A Bar ASBarNO T 2
i i Bar A ( 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.79 0.44 0.44 0.6 0.44 ) in
fc' 2 Rn
i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0061 0.0028 0.0052 0.0052 0.0029 0.0107 0.003 0.003 0.0117 0.003 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
As_req ρreq ds b As_req ( 0.558 0.254 0.476 0.472 0.266 0.965 0.27 0.272 1.064 0.272 ) in
i i i
BarA
sp req
i T
sp req ( 9.46 20.818 11.088 11.189 19.879 9.827 19.539 19.434 6.766 19.434 )
i As_req
i
T
csp if spreq spacingi "OK" "NG" csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
Ma 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr2
i
2 2
As_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if As_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β 1 c
Mn2 As_req2 fy d s.assume
i 2
Po2 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
hi hi
Mtc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds.assume 0.1875 β 1 d s.assume As_req2 fy ds.assume
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds.assume
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b hi ab 0.5 As_req2 fy ds.assume
i 2
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As_req2 fy
Po2 Nstr2
i
Mn.all
P P Mcc if Nstr2i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str2 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str2i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr2 Ptc2
Ptc2 str2i i
0.568
Mcc if Nstr2 = Pcc 0.274
i
0.486
Mtc2 otherwise
0.482
ϕ 0.75 if Nstr2 Pcc 0.276 2
i
As.req_new( i ) in
0.90 if Nstr2 Ptc2 1.083
i 0.28
( 0.75 0.90) M
0.90 n.all Mtc2 otherwise 0.282
Mcc Mtc2 1.206
Ma ϕ Mn.all
0.282
As_req2
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.86 0.52 0.86 0.86 0.86 1.74 0.86 0.86 1.76 0.86 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003
i
ci
T
εt 0.024 0.041 0.024 0.024 0.024 9.911 10
3
0.024 0.024 9.856 10
3
0.02
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
a i β 1 ci T
a ( 0.69 0.41 0.69 0.69 0.69 1.39 0.69 0.69 1.41 0.69 ) in
ai
Mn As fy ds T
i i i 2 Mn ( 21.35 13.06 21.35 21.35 21.35 40.31 21.35 21.35 41.14 21.35 ) kip ft
T
Mr ϕf Mn Mr ( 21.35 13.06 21.35 21.35 21.35 40.31 21.35 21.35 41.14 21.35 ) kip ft
i i
T
Mtc ( 45.19 42.11 45.19 45.19 45.19 51.867 45.19 45.19 52.648 45.19 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
i hi
a b β 1 Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As fy Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b h i a b 0.5 As fy d s
i 0.003 Es fy i i i i i i i i 2
T
Pcc ( 148.92 163 148.92 148.92 148.92 110 148.92 148.92 110.61 148.92 ) kip
T
Mcc ( 56.72 53.64 56.72 56.72 56.72 63.48 56.72 56.72 64.22 56.72 ) kip ft
Mtc Mn
i i
N Mn if Nstr2 Ptc
Ptc str2i i i i
i
Mcc if Nstr2 = Pcc 200
i i i
Mtc otherwise
i
ϕi 0.75 if Nstr2 Pcc
i i
0
0 20 40 60
0.90 if Nstr2 Ptc
i i
Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
0.90
( 0.75 0.90) M
n.all Mtc otherwise
Mcci Mtci i i
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
Ma ϕi Mn.all T
i i Ma ( 23.37 12.48 23.37 23.37 20.47 36.29 20.47 21.24 37.1 21.24 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.37ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.827 ksi
ksi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
Mcr fr Sc T
i i 1.2Mcr ( 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 ) kip ft
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 Mcr 1.33 Mstr2 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 5.7.3.3.2)
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i
b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1
i ρi
i
n (LRFD 5.7.1) n 6.765
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
Ms1.abs Ms1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei 1
e i max 1.15 ds
i
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i 12.11.3
Ns1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs N s1 d s 700 in γe
fss
i i i 2
(LRFD C.12.11.3) smax1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 d s i fss i (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i i i i
βs
i ksi
T
fss ( 28.753 17.226 28.277 21.231 15.06 8.51 15.34 14.407 9.429 14.407 ) ksi
T
smax1 ( 12.1 23.37 12.38 18.07 27.42 50.72 26.83 28.88 45.96 28.88 ) in
T
smax minsmax1 smax2 smax ( 12.1 15 12.4 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 ) in
i i i
Given
h r
2 hr As.r h r As.r
3 i i i i i
Pr d r x 3 Mr Pr d r 3 Pr d r x 6 n Mr Pr dr x 6 n Mr Pr d r =0
i i i i i 2 i i i i i 2 br dr i i i 2 br dr
i i
T
x ( 0.307 0.246 0.307 0.321 0.289 0.34 0.289 0.311 0.34 0.311 in
)
h r
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss fc n 1
3 i br xi d r j i dr i i
xi
i i
T
fc ( 1.886 0.804 1.862 1.506 0.901 2.477 0.915 0.965 2.759 0.965 ) ksi
i ksi
Summary of the rigorous stress
calculation results. These T
fss ( 28.86 16.71 28.4 21.53 14.98 32.51 15.25 14.5 36.29 14.5 ) ksi
results differ from the simple
calculation provided in AASHTO T
smax.r ( 12.03 24.24 12.31 17.75 27.59 9.59 27.01 28.66 8.33 28.66 ) in
by 1-2% typically.
Minimum Steel Reinforcement Spacing
smin max BarD 1 in 1.33 Aggmax (LRFD 5.10.3.1.2)
i i
cleari spacingi 1 ft BarD
i
cmin.s if smin cleari "OK" "NG"
i i
T
cmin.s ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.8
1.3 b hts
ii
As.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.8)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.4.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
h ts max tts tbs twa As.ts.req 0.001 h ts b As.ts.req 0.12 in
2
Check Temperature and Shrinkage Steel Requirement per LRFD 5.10.8-1 and LRFD 5.10.8-2
check5.10.8_1 if As.ts.req 1 ft As.ts "OK" "NG"
ii ii
T
check5.10.8_1 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
BarA.ds 2
iii T in
As.ds As.ds ( 0.2 0.2 )
iii spacingds ft
iii
1
As.req As min 0.50 As if H s 2 ft
(LRFD 5.14.4.1)
Clear_Span twa
ft
0.1% hts b otherwise
We have selected to not use the max moment with max shear therefore the factored moment occurring at the critical shear
section must be interpolated form the tenth points.
Mstr2.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Mstr2.ALL 1 2 1 4
Mstr2.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Mstr2.ALL 3 4 5 7
Mstr2.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Mstr2.ALL 5 6 8 10
Mstr2.all stack Mstr2.wall submatrix Mstr2.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr2.bs 8 10 5 6
T
Mstr2.Vu ( 19.061 9.48 16.98 16.359 6.256 33.439 6.381 5.931 36.907 5.931 ) kip ft
otherwise
Vstr2 ds
Ratioi min 1.0
i i
Mstr2.Vu
i (LRFD 5.8.3.3 and LRFD 5.14.5.3-1)
fc' As
Vc 0.0676ksi 4.6ksi
i
Ratioi b d s
ksi b ds i
i
fc'
Vc.max 0.126 ksi b d s
ksi i
fc'
Vc.min 0.0948ksi b ds
ksi i
Vc max Vc.min min Vc Vc.max
T
Vc ( 12.346 12.58 12.346 12.346 19.396 19.078 19.396 19.396 19.237 19.396 ) kip
Vr Vc ϕv
i i
T
Vr ( 11.11 11.32 11.11 11.11 17.46 17.17 17.46 17.46 17.31 17.46 ) kip
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflectionpoint.h 22.75 in Inflectionpoint.v 5.28in
1.25in BarA fy fy
4
Ldp Modep Modas Mods max 0.4 BarD Ldp 14.194 in
4 ksi
fc'
kip ksi
The development length shall be not less than 12in
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 14.194 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span d s (LRFD 5.11.2.3) Exlength 14.194 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflectionpoint.h Cutoffh 3.079 ft
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
Mrat.wa Intforce CS moment L wa Mwa 1 8 1 4
Vrat.wa Intforce CS shear Lwa Vwa 1 8 1 4
Mrat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mts 1 8 5 7 Vrat.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vts 1 8 5 7
Mrat.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mbs 1 8 8 10 Vrat.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vbs 1 8 8 10
Mrat.all stack Mrat.wasubmatrix Mrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 8 10 1 8
Vrat.all stack Vrat.wasubmatrix Vrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 8 10 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 10
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci C i
T
LLi if Section = "Neg" Intf Intf
i
T
i 8 i 7
LLmod if LLi = 0 0.0001kip ft LLi
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF3
i γLL Intf
i 5
ORmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL T
ORmoment ( 1.33 2.2 1.53 1.49 2.95 1.13 2.86 4.13 1.02 4.13 )
ORshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL T
ORshear ( 5.91 50.62 85.93 8.62 1.64 6.04 1.65 1.52 99 1.52 )
The design load results above show that the strength is sufficient under the live load requirements of the permit vehicle.
Now an investigation of the live load carrying capacity of the design HL-93 vehicle will be investigated. The investigation is
carried out by altering the mode of the program into analysis and entering the appropriate design vehicle. The details of the
analysis of the strength and demand requirements are not shown for redundancy and sake of space and only the final load
ratings are shown below.
HL-93 Design Vehicle Analysis
N Lanes 4
HL-93 Vehicle Properties
Number of Axles Axle Loads Axle Spacing
T T
n axle.Truck 3 Paxle.Truck ( 8 32 32 ) kip SPaxle.Truck ( 14 14 ) ft (LRFD 3.6.1.2.2)
qq 1 n axle.Truck
T
n axle.Tandem 2 Paxle.Tandem ( 25 25 ) kip SPaxle.Tandem ( 4 )ft (LRFD 3.6.1.2.3)
qqq 1 naxle.Tandem
Truck: 0.301 1.205 1.205
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck n axle.Truck N Lanes WTruck
0.31 1.239 1.239
ksf
0.221 0.884 0.884
Tandem:
0.17 0.679 0.679
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem n axle.Tandem N Lanes 0.942
0.942
0.968 0.968
Wtandem ksf
Lane Loading: 0.691 0.691
Not appliacle for box culverts under all spans
0.53 0.53
Exterior Wall:
3.10 2.22 0.2 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.00 4.03 0.21 0 0 4.16 0.72 3.24 0.14 0.14
2.22 0.2 4.07 2.33 0.14 0.14
2.83 0.81 0.06 0.75 0.00
0.21 0 0 3.07 0.57
2.56 2.22 0.2 4.12 0.71 3.22 0.00 4.11 0.21 0 0 2.08 0.43 1.51 0.14 0.14
2.30 2.22 0.2 6.21 1.17 4.70 0.00 4.20
0.21 0 0 1.18 0.29 0.79 0.14 0.14
2.03 2.22 0.2 7.21 1.44 5.31 0.00 4.34 0.21 0 0 0.37 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.14
Mwa 1.76 2.22 0.2 7.22 1.54 5.19 0.00 4.50 kip ftVwa 0.21
0 0 0.35 0 0.36 0.14 0.14 kip
1.50 2.22 0.2 6.38 1.44 4.45 0.00 4.67 0.21 0 0 0.97 0.14 0.79 0.14 0.14
1.23 2.22 0.2 4.79 1.17 3.21 0.00 4.84 0.21 0 0 1.50 0.29 1.13 0.14 0.14
0.96 2.22 0.2 2.58 0.71 1.61 0.00 5.01 0.21 0 0 1.94 0.43 1.37 0.14 0.14
0.70 2.22 0.2 0.14 0.06 0.24 0.00 5.19 0.21 0 0 2.29 0.57 1.51 0.14 0.14
0.43 2.22 0.2 3.25 0.77 2.22 0.04 5.36 0.21 0 0 2.55 0.72 1.56 0.14 0.14
Top Slab: Pwa ( 0.88 2.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.07 ) kip
0.43 2.22 0.2 3.35 0.77 2.32 0.04 5.36 0.88 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 5.07 0.00
0.18 0.02 3.35 0.77 2.32 2.28 1.29 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 4.34 0.07
0.53 0.64
1.25 2.05 0.18 3.35 0.77 2.32 5.38 0.00 0.48 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 3.59 0.29
1.77 3.38 0.3 3.35 0.77 2.32 8.28 0.00
0.32 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 2.84 0.67
2.08 4.18 0.37 3.35 0.77 2.32 10.00 0.00 0.16 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 2.11 1.13
Mts 2.18 4.45 0.4 3.35 0.77 2.32 10.52 0.00 kip ftVts 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 1.60 1.60 kip
2.08 4.18 0.37 3.35 0.77 2.32 10.00 0.00 0.16 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 1.13 2.11
1.77 3.38 0.3 3.35 0.77 2.32 8.28 0.00 0.32 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 0.67 2.84
1.25 2.05 0.18 3.35 0.77 2.32 5.38 0.00 0.48 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 0.29 3.59
0.53 0.18 0.02 3.35 0.77 2.32 2.28 1.28 0.64 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 0.07 4.33
0.43 2.22 0.2 3.35 0.77 2.32 0.04 5.34 0.88 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 0.00 5.07
Pts ( 0.20 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.72 1.56 0.14 0.14 ) kip
3.10 2.22 0.2 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.00 4.03 2.48 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 3.63 0.00
0.02 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.68 0.21
0.23 0.18
1.99 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 2.91 0.00
2.00 2.05 0.18 3.83 0.77 2.82 3.88 0.00 1.49 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 2.19 0.00
3.59 3.38 0.3 3.83 0.77 2.82 6.16 0.00
0.99 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 1.48 0.00
4.54 4.18 0.37 3.83 0.77 2.82 7.52 0.00 0.50 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 0.76 0.00
Mbs 4.86 4.45 0.4 3.83 0.77 2.82 7.98 0.00 kip ftVbs 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.05 kip
4.54 4.18 0.37 3.83 0.77 2.82 7.52 0.00 0.50 0.42 0.04 0 0 0 0.00 0.76
3.59 3.38 0.3 3.83 0.77 2.82 6.16 0.00 0.99 0.83 0.07 0 0 0 0.00 1.48
2.00 2.05 0.18 3.83 0.77 2.82 3.88 0.00 1.49 1.25 0.11 0 0 0 0.00 2.19
0.23 0.18 0.02 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.68 0.21 1.99 1.66 0.15 0 0 0 0.00 2.91
3.10 2.22 0.2 3.83 0.77 2.82 0.00 4.03 2.48 2.08 0.19 0 0 0 0.00 3.63
Pbs ( 0.21 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.72 3.24 0.15 0.14 ) kip
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 ηmin γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6
ηmax γEH Intf γLS Intf
i 4 i 5
C2 ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 j
ηmin γWA.min Intf
i 6
C3 ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6 i 6 j
ηmin γEH.min Intf
i 4
TSstr1c.m Str1.c Mts 11 WAstr1c.m Str1.c Mwa 11 BSstr1c.m Str1.c Mbs 11
TSstr1c.v Str1.c Vts 11 WAstr1c.v Str1.c Vwa 11 BSstr1c.v Str1.c Vbs 11
Str1 C Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
Cp ηmin γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γWA.min Intf if C i j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6
ηmax γEH Intf γLS Intf
i 4 i 5
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γLL Intf if C i j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 j
ηmin γWA.min Intf
i 6
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6 i 6 j
ηmin γEH.min Intf
i 4
Cp
Mstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Mts 11
Mstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Mwa 11
Mstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Mbs 11
Vstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v Vts 11 Vstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v Vwa 11 Vstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v Vbs 11
Pstr1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m Pts 11 Pstr1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m Pwa 11 Pstr1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m Pbs 11
Sv1.c Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11 WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11 BSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mbs 11
TSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv1.c Vwa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
Sv1 C Intf i 2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i 2
Cp ηmin γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γWA.min Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6
ηmax γEH Intf γLS Intf
i 4 i 5
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γLL Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 j
ηmin γWA.min Intf
i 6
ηmax γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 6 i 6 j
ηmin γEH.min Intf
i 4
Cp
Ms1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Mts 11
Ms1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Mwa 11
Ms1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
Vs1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 Vs1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 Vs1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.v Vbs 11
Ps1.ts Sv1 TSsv1c.m Pts 11 Ps1.wa Sv1 WAsv1c.m Pwa 11 Ps1.bs Sv1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
Mstr1 augment Mstr1.waMstr1.ts Mstr1.bs
Ms1 augment Ms1.wa Ms1.ts Ms1.bs
Vstr1 augment Vstr1.waVstr1.ts Vstr1.bs Vs1 augment Vs1.wa Vs1.ts Vs1.bs
7.736 21.663 4.272 19.922 7.736 21.663 7.736 21.663 4.272 19.922 7.736 21.663
3.194 14.632 4.727 7.561 0.903 7.254
3.194 14.632 4.727 7.561 0.903 7.254
2.924 14.107 14.173 3.224 12.514 3.261 2.924 14.107 14.173 3.224 12.514 3.261
6.954 13.694 22.188 1.564 20.795 0.684
6.954 13.694 22.188 1.564 20.795 0.684
9.1 13.38 26.958 0.569 25.743 0.859 9.1 13.38 26.958 0.569 25.743 0.859
Mstr1 9.529 13.185 28.461 0.233 27.424 1.384 kip ftMs1 9.529
13.185 28.461 0.233 27.424 1.384
8.377 13.099 26.958 0.569 25.743 0.859 8.377 13.099 26.958 0.569 25.743 0.859
5.859 13.118 22.188 1.564 20.795 0.684 5.859 13.118 22.188 1.564 20.795 0.684
2.112 13.29 14.173 3.224 12.514 3.261 2.112 13.29 14.173 3.224 12.514 3.261
2.715 13.889 4.727 7.543 0.903 7.254 4.132 13.889 4.727 7.543 0.903 7.254
4.291 19.78 4.272 19.885 7.736 21.663 4.291 19.78 4.272 19.885 7.736 21.663
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
7.753 0.182 13.61 2.655 13.064 4.026 7.753 0.182 13.61 2.655 13.064 4.026
5.932 0.203 11.317 2.064 10.461 3.221
5.932 0.203 11.317 3.214 10.461 3.221
4.271 0.216 9.106 1.551 7.859 2.417 4.271 0.216 9.106 1.977 7.859 2.417
2.738 0.2 6.882 0.432 5.262 1.603
2.738 0.2 6.882 0.432 5.262 1.603
1.315 0.157 4.723 1.23 2.689 0.813 1.315 0.157 4.723 1.23 2.689 0.813
Vstr1 0.611 0.478 2.94 2.94 0.092 0.092 kip Vs1 0.611 0.478 2.94 2.94 0.092 0.092 ki
0.531 1.614 1.23 4.723 0.813 2.689 0.531 1.614 1.23 4.723 0.813 2.689
0.434 2.641 0.432 6.882 1.603 5.262 0.434 2.641 0.432 6.882 1.603 5.262
0.309 3.522 1.551 9.106 2.417 7.859 0.309 3.522 1.977 9.106 2.417 7.859
0.156 4.275 2.064 11.299 3.221 10.461 0.156 4.275 3.214 11.299 3.221 10.461
0.015 4.919 2.655 13.61 4.026 13.064 0.015 4.919 2.655 13.61 4.026 13.064
Mstr1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Mstr1 1 2 1 4
Vstr1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vstr1 1 2 1 4
Mstr1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7 Vstr1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
Mstr1.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mstr1 5 6 8 10 Vstr1.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vstr1 5 6 8 10
Ms1.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Ms1 1 2 1 4 Vs1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Vs1 1 2 1 4
Ms1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Ms1 3 4 5 7 Vs1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vs1 3 4 5 7
Ms1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 Vs1.bs Intforce CSshear L bs Vs1 5 6 8 10
Mstr1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Vstr1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Pstr1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
Ms1.all stack Ms1.wall submatrix Ms1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
Vs1.all stack Vs1.wall submatrix Vs1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
Ps1.all stack Ps1.wall submatrix Ps1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Critical Sections Design Strength Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Strength I:
Msr1 Mst for g 1 10
Psr1 Pst for g 1 10
Vsr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
Ms1 Msr1 Ms1.all Vs1 Vsr1 Vs1.all
N s1 Psr1 Ps1.all
15.727 5.414 13.61 "BOT"
9.529 0.611 2.655 "MID +"
13.38 0.611 13.61 "MID -" exterior wall
14.807 4.04 13.61 "TOP" -------------------
9.487 10.628 4.734 "LT"
Ms1 kip ft Vs1 kip N s1 kip
28.461 2.94 0.092 "MID" top slab
9.466 10.615 4.734 "RT"
-------------------
9.5 9.65 7.753 "LT"
27.424 0.092 0.164 "MID" bottom slab
9.5 9.65 7.753 "RT"
Critical Sections Factored Permanent Load Moment for slenderness evaluation consists of the Dead load of Components
(DC), Vertical Earth Load (EV), Horizontal Soil Load (EH) and the Dead load of the wearing surface (DW)
Md.wa Mwa
j j 1
γDC Mwa
j 2
γEV Mwa
j 3
γDW Mwa
j 4
γEH
Mp.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Md.wa 1 1 1 4
Md.ts Mts
j j 1
γDC Mts
j 2
γEV Mts
j 3
γDW Mts
j 4
γEH
Mp.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Md.ts 1 1 5 7
Md.bs Mbs
j j 1
γDC Mbs
j 2
γEV Mbs
j 3
γDW Mbs
j 4
γEH
Mp.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
Md stack Mp.wallsubmatrix Mp.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix Mp.bs 8 10 1 1
6.659 "BOT"
4.361 "MID +"
4.01 "MID -" exterior wall
4.852 "TOP" -------------------
4.321 "LT"
Md kip ft
4.587 "MID" top slab
4.321 "RT"
-------------------
6.291 "LT"
7.289 "MID"
bottom slab
6.291 "RT"
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.5
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 33000 ksi K1 Ec 4286.83 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
e min max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
Mstr1
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Mstr1 Mstr1
Mstr1 if e min
i i
Mstr1 emin N str1
i i N str1 i i i Mstr1
i i
T
Mstr1 ( 15.727 9.529 13.38 14.807 9.487 28.461 9.466 9.5 27.424 9.5 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Ratio of the maximum factored permanent moment to ultimate moment
Md
q
β d T
q Mstr1 β d ( 0.423 0.458 0.3 0.328 )
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
C m 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.7.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
Cm
δq min1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
Mstr1 δq Mstr1
The resulting magnified moment for the walls q q
Mstr1
i T
R n R n ( 0.271 0.164 0.23 0.255 0.163 0.506 0.163 0.163 0.48 0.163 ) ksi
i 2
ϕf b d s
i
fc' 2 Rn
i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0047 0.0028 0.0039 0.0044 0.0028 0.009 0.0028 0.0028 0.0085 0.0028 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
As_req ρreq ds b As_req ( 0.427 0.255 0.361 0.401 0.254 0.81 0.253 0.254 0.772 0.254 ) in
i i i
BarA
sp req
i T
sp req ( 12.378 20.71 14.626 13.175 20.802 11.697 20.85 20.774 9.331 20.774
i As_req
i
T
csp if spreq spacingi "OK" "NG" csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
Ma ϕ Mn.all
while Ma Mstr1
i
2 2
As_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if As_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β1 c
Mn2 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Po2 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
Ptc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds As_req2 fy
i
hi hi
Mtc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds As_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b hi ab 0.5 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As_req2 fy
Po2 Nstr1
i
Mn.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
Mtc2 Mn2
N Mn2 if Nstr1 Ptc2
Ptc2 str1i i
0.427
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc 0.255
i
0.361
Mtc2 otherwise
0.401
ϕ 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc 0.254 2
i
As.req_new( i ) in
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc2 0.81
i 0.253
( 0.75 0.90) M
0.90 n.all Mtc2 otherwise 0.254
Mcc Mtc2 0.772
Ma ϕ Mn.all
0.254
As_req2
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.86 0.52 0.86 0.86 0.86 1.74 0.86 0.86 1.76 0.86 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003
i
ci
T
εt 0.024 0.041 0.024 0.024 0.024 9.911 10
3
0.024 0.024 9.856 10
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
a i β 1 ci T
a ( 0.69 0.41 0.69 0.69 0.69 1.39 0.69 0.69 1.41 0.69 ) in
ai
Mn As fy ds T
i i i 2 Mn ( 21.35 13.06 21.35 21.35 21.35 40.31 21.35 21.35 41.14 21.35 ) kip ft
T
Mtc ( 45.19 42.11 45.19 45.19 45.19 51.867 45.19 45.19 52.648 45.19 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
i hi
a b β 1 Pcc 0.85 fc' b a b As fy Mcc 0.85 fc' b a b h i a b 0.5 As fy d s
i 0.003 Es fy i i i i i i i i 2
T
Pcc ( 148.92 163 148.92 148.92 148.92 110 148.92 148.92 110.61 148.92 ) kip
T
Mcc ( 56.72 53.64 56.72 56.72 56.72 63.48 56.72 56.72 64.22 56.72 ) kip ft
Mtc Mn
i i
N Mn if Nstr1 Ptc
Ptc str1i i i i
i
Mcc if Nstr1 = Pcc 200
i i i
Mtc otherwise
i
ϕi 0.75 if Nstr1 Pcc
i i
0
0 20 40 60
0.90 if Nstr1 Ptc
i i
Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
( 0.75 0.90) M
0.90 n.all Mtc otherwise
Mcci Mtci i i
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
Ma ϕi Mn.all T
i i Ma ( 22.80 12.48 22.80 22.80 20.47 36.25 20.47 21.26 37.06 21.26 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.37ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.827 ksi
ksi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
Mcr fr Sc T
i i 1.2 Mcr ( 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 16.55 ) kip ft
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 Mcr 1.33 Mstr1 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 5.7.3.3.2)
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i
b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1
i ρi
i
n (LRFD 5.7.1) n 6.765
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
Ms1.abs Ms1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei 1
e i max 1.15 ds
i
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i 12.11.3
Ns1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs N s1 d s 700 in γe
fss
i i i 2
(LRFD C.12.11.3) smax1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 d s i fss i (LRFD 5.7.3.4)
i i i i
βs
i ksi
T
fss ( 32.553 42.68 25.556 29.81 23.296 11.522 23.233 20.156 40.208 20.156 ) ksi
T
smax1 ( 10.13 6.6 14.21 11.5 16.05 36.16 16.1 19.28 7.05 19.28 ) in
T
smax minsmax1 smax2 smax ( 10.1 6.6 14.2 11.5 15 15 15 15 7 15 ) in
i i i
Given
h r
2 hr As.r h r As.r
3 i i i i i
Pr d r x 3 Mr Pr d r 3 Pr d r x 6 n Mr Pr dr x 6 n Mr Pr d r =0
i i i i i 2 i i i i i 2 br dr i i i 2 br dr
i i
T
x ( 0.318 0.219 0.331 0.322 0.288 0.342 0.289 0.313 0.343 0.313
in )
h r
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss fc n 1
3 i br xi d r j i dr i i
xi
i i
T
fc ( 2.265 1.711 1.911 2.127 1.388 3.337 1.385 1.372 3.158 1.372 ) ksi
i ksi
Summary of the rigorous stress
calculation results. These T
fss ( 32.92 41.22 26.12 30.25 23.16 43.42 23.1 20.32 40.87 20.32 ) ksi
results differ from the simple
calculation provided in AASHTO T
smax.r ( 9.97 7 13.79 11.26 16.16 5.92 16.22 19.09 6.85 19.09 ) in
by 1-2% typically.
Minimum Steel Reinforcement Spacing
smin max BarD 1 in 1.33 Aggmax (LRFD 5.10.3.1.2)
i i
cleari spacingi 1 ft BarD
i
cmin.s if smin cleari "OK" "NG"
i i
T
cmin.s ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.8
1.3 b hts
ii
As.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.8)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.4.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
h ts max tts tbs twa As.ts.req 0.001 h ts b As.ts.req 0.12 in
2
Check Temperature and Shrinkage Steel Requirement per LRFD 5.10.8-1 and LRFD 5.10.8-2
check5.10.8_1 if As.ts.req 1 ft As.ts "OK" "NG"
ii ii
T
check5.10.8_1 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
BarA.ds 2
iii T in
As.ds As.ds ( 0.24 0.2 )
iii spacingds ft
iii
1
As.req As min 0.50 As if H s 2 ft
(LRFD 5.14.4.1)
Clear_Span twa
ft
0.1% hts b otherwise
We have selected to not use the max moment with max shear therefore the factorded moment occuring at the critical shear
section must be interpolated form the tenth points.
Mstr1.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa Mstr1.ALL 1 2 1 4
Mstr1.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Mstr1.ALL 3 4 5 7
Mstr1.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Mstr1.ALL 5 6 8 10
Mstr1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
T
Mstr2.Vu ( 19.061 9.48 16.98 16.359 6.256 33.439 6.381 5.931 36.907 5.931 ) kip ft
otherwise
Vstr2 ds
Ratioi min 1.0
i i
Mstr2.Vu
i (LRFD 5.8.3.3 and LRFD 5.14.5.3-1)
fc' As
Vc 0.0676ksi 4.6ksi
i
Ratioi b d s
ksi b ds i
i
fc'
Vc.max 0.126 ksi b d s
ksi i
fc'
Vc.min 0.0948ksi b ds
ksi i
Vc max Vc.min min Vc Vc.max
T
Vc ( 12.346 12.58 12.346 12.346 19.396 19.078 19.396 19.396 19.237 19.396 ) kip
Vr Vc ϕv
i i
T
Vr ( 11.11 11.32 11.11 11.11 17.46 17.17 17.46 17.46 17.31 17.46 ) kip
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflectionpoint.h 22.75 in Inflectionpoint.v 5.28in
Development Length for Tension Bars less than No. 11 (LRFD 5.11.2.1)
1.25in BarA fy fy
4
Ldp Modep Modas Mods max 0.4 BarD Ldp 11.805 in
4 ksi
fc'
kip ksi
The development length shall be not less than 12in
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 12 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span d s (LRFD 5.11.2.3) Exlength 12 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflectionpoint.h Cutoffh 2.896 ft
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
Mrat.wa Intforce CS moment L wa Mwa 1 8 1 4
Vrat.wa Intforce CS shear Lwa Vwa 1 8 1 4
Mrat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Mts 1 8 5 7 Vrat.ts Intforce CSshear L ts Vts 1 8 5 7
Mrat.bs Intforce CS moment L bs Mbs 1 8 8 10 Vrat.bs Intforce CS shear Lbs Vbs 1 8 8 10
Mrat.all stack Mrat.wasubmatrix Mrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 8 10 1 8
Vrat.all stack Vrat.wasubmatrix Vrat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 8 10 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 10
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci C i
LLi if Section = "Neg" Intf Intf
i
T
i 8 i 7
LLmod if LLi = 0 0.0001kip ft LLi
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF3
i γLL Intf
i 5
RFtot augment RF1 RF2 RF3
i
T
RFmin minRFtot
i
RFmin
IRshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL
T
IRshear ( 5.63 42.65 42.23 8.47 1.9 5.83 1.9 2.57 99 2.57 )
ORmoment RF Cmoment Mrat.all γLL.OR T
ORmoment ( 2.69 2.8 2.92 2.36 4.16 1.83 4.18 6.54 2.17 6.54 )
ORshear RFs C shear Vrat.all γLL.OR T
ORshear ( 7.3 55.28 54.74 10.98 2.46 7.55 2.47 3.34 99 3.34 )
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 1.380 1.356 1.8%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 1.312 1.301 0.8%
Top Corner-Bar A1 1.089 1.092 -0.3%
Bottom Corner-Bar A2 1.093 1.095 -0.2%
16.5.4 Longitudinal Reinforcement (in2/ft)
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.360 0.360 0.0%
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.360 0.360 0.0%
Bottom Slab-Bar C200 0.360 0.360 0.0%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 12'-0"
Clear Height: 4'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-3"
Bottom Slab: 1'-2" z
Ext. Wall: 1'-0"
8'-0"
x
Fill Depth: 3.00 ft
Length: 8'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8"
14'-0"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 7.500 ksi Plan View
Density: 0.150 kcf
Elasticity, Ec: 5250 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
Allow Stress: 30 ksi
1'-3"
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
y
Reinforcement Covers
4'-0"
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2" x
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Ext. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Cover Walls 2"
Int. Top Slab 2"
1'-2"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.582 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 12.658 cy
8 1/2"
8 1/2"
8 1/2"
8 1/2" 7 C1 Bars @ 10"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
3"
10 B1 Bars @ 10"
10 B1 Bars @ 10"
3"
3"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
1/2"
3"
10 A300 Bars @ 10"
2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
5 1/2"
5 1/2"
5 1/2"
6 A1 Bars @ 1'-5"
6 A1 Bars @ 1'-5"
6 A2 Bars @ 1'-5"
6 A2 Bars @ 1'-5"
5 1/2"
5 1/2"
5 1/2"
5 1/2"
Top Slab Corner Reinf. Bottom Slab Corner Reinf.
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : AREMA 2012
Operating Mode : Design
Design Method: Load Factor
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 12.0000 ft Fill Depth : 3.00 ft
Clear Height: 4.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 8.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 15.0000 in Bot Slab: 14.0000 in
Ext Wall: 12.0000 in
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 7.500 ksi Density : 0.150 kcf Elasticity,Ec: 5250 ksi
Type : Normal Weight
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 1.00fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.000 (B2 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.000 (User Defined)
Serviceability, Z : 130 k/in
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) Cooper E80 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 40.00 0.00
2 80.00 8.00
3 80.00 5.00
4 80.00 5.00
5 80.00 5.00
6 52.00 9.00
7 52.00 5.00
8 52.00 6.00
9 52.00 5.00
10 40.00 8.00
11 80.00 8.00
12 80.00 5.00
13 80.00 5.00
14 80.00 5.00
15 52.00 9.00
16 52.00 5.00
17 52.00 6.00
18 52.00 5.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 0.00 in
Include Tandem: no
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck Or Tandem Or Lane
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : yes Max. No. of Lanes: 1
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : yes
Track Width : 8.50 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Pressure Coeff. : 1.00 Min. Press. Coeff. : 0.33
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Gamma : 1.400 Beta-d : 1.000
Beta-l I : 1.670 Beta-l Ib : 1.000
Phi Slab : 0.850 Phi Ext. : 0.800
Phi Shear: 0.850 Phi Moment: 0.900
Reinforcement
1.1 Input
1.2 Loads
1.3 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
1.4 Factored Internal Member Forces
1.5 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
1.6 Flexural Strength Check
1.7 Service Stress Check
1.8 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
1.9 Shear Strength Check
1.10 Bar Cutoff Analysis
1.11 Fatigue Analysis
6.1 Input
kip
Materials: Box concrete: fc' 7.5ksi wc 0.150 kcf Z 130
in
K1 1.0 Aggmax 1.5in
Rebar: fy 60ksi Es 29000 ksi fs 24ksi D b 1 in
Soil: γs 120 pcf
Loads: Vehicle live: Cooper E80 Traffic Direction: Lanes parallel to main reinforcement
Future wearing surface: wws 0 psf
Water density: ww 62.4pcf
Earth pressure coefficients: ke.min 0.33 ke.max 1.00 ks 0.33
2
single haunch: th
wdha wc 1 ft wdha 0.033 kip
weight 2
wall weight wwall twa wc 1 ft wwall 0.15 klf
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
Design_Span Clear_Span twa Design_Span 156 in
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 62.5 in
1 kip
wbottom wdts Design_Span 2 wwall Design_Height Design_Span
wbottom 0.308
ft
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
Pe.top.min ke.min γs Hs 0.5 tts Pe.top.min 143.55 psf
Maximum Case
Pe.top.max ke.max γs Hs 0.5 tts Pe.top.max 435 psf
ks γs
Live Load : Ps
80kip
Ps 459.13 psf
Surcharge (LS) ft
5 γs Ld
Figure 2: Cross section of box culvert with Static Loading Diagram
T
Axle Spacing SPaxle ( 8 5 5 5 9 5 6 5 8 8 5 5 5 9 5 6 5 ) ft
Hs 18in
Impact Impact 60% 1 Impact 49.412 % (AREMA 2.2.3d)
10ft 18in
T klf
Loadaxle ( 0.7 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
ft
T T
h ( 12 12 12 12 15 15 15 14 14 14 ) in cover ( 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) in
A structural analysis was performed using a standard commercial matrix-analysis software. The box culvert model was
assumed to be a rigid two dimensional frame. All vertical loading from the top slab is assumed to be uniformly distributed
along the bottom slab as performed in Eriksson Culvert. A more refined method of analysis requires knowledge of the
in-situ soil properties to select an appropriate soil stiffness (LRFD 12.11.2.3). The haunches are not included in the
structural analysis model which is shown in Figure 3.
Bottom Slab:
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
6.204 3.936 36.85 5.264 33.944 6.356 4.17 3.2 17.27 3.76 16.34 4.54
4.496 2.228 29.67 3.929 27.153 5.082
2.95 1.98 13.87 2.86 13.07 3.63
4.09 1.822 23.187 2.332 20.361 3.808 2.66 1.69 10.8 1.88 9.8 2.72
3.096 0.828 17.349 0.328 13.569 2.534
1.95 0.98 8.01 0.73 6.53 1.81
2.144 0.124 11.964 2.158 6.792 1.274 1.27 0.3 5.41 0.63 3.27 0.91
VLFD 1.234 1.034 6.897 6.92 0.234 0.234 kip VSVC 0.62 0.35 2.95 2.96 0.1 0.1 kip
0.38 1.888 2.111 11.987 1.274 6.792 0.01 0.96 0.61 5.42 0.91 3.27
0.432 2.7 0.328 17.349 2.534 13.569 0.57 1.54 0.73 8.01 1.81 6.53
1.202 3.47 2.332 23.187 3.808 20.361 1.12 2.09 1.88 10.8 2.72 9.8
1.916 4.184 3.929 29.67 5.082 27.153 1.63 2.6 2.86 13.87 3.63 13.07
2.588 4.856 5.264 36.85 6.356 33.944 2.11 3.08 3.76 17.27 4.54 16.34
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial + Axial - Axial
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103
3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103
3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
PLFD 5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 kip PSVC 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671 kip
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
5.141 36.732 1.043 3.304 1.842 4.103 3.672 17.184 1.005 1.972 1.704 2.671
Design_Height Ht 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 5.208 ft Design_Span 13 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
j max last( vector) j max last( vector)
j j 1 j j 1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j j max break if j j max
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h 1 h 2 t1 t2 for h h 1 h2
for t t1 t2
tracel LB L CS t
t
traceh UB L CS t
t
CSt L trace
l
t
Per t
L trace Ltrace
h l
t t
Intforce Per t Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h l l
t t t
Intforce
MLFD.wall Intforce CS moment L wa MLFD 1 2 1 4
VLFD.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa VLFD 1 2 1 4
MLFD.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts MLFD 3 4 5 7
VLFD.ts Intforce CSshear L ts VLFD 3 4 5 7
MLFD.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs MLFD 5 6 8 10
VLFD.bs Intforce CSshear L bs VLFD 5 6 8 10
MSVC.wall Intforce CS moment L wa MSVC 1 2 1 4
VSVC.wall Intforce CS shear Lwa VSVC 1 2 1 4
MSVC.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts MSVC 3 4 5 7
VSVC.ts Intforce CSshear L ts VSVC 3 4 5 7
MSVC.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs MSVC 5 6 8 10 VSVC.bs Intforce CSshear L bs VSVC 5 6 8 10
MLFD.all stack MLFD.wall submatrix MLFD.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix MLFD.bs 8 10 5 6
VLFD.all stack VLFD.wall submatrix VLFD.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix VLFD.bs 8 10 5 6
PLFD.all stack PLFD.wall submatrix PLFD.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix PLFD.bs 8 10 5 6
MSVC.all stack MSVC.wall submatrix MSVC.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix MSVC.bs 8 10 5 6
VSVC.all stack VSVC.wall submatrix VSVC.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix VSVC.bs 8 10 5 6
PSVC.all stack PSVC.wall submatrix PSVC.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix PSVC.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Msr1 Mst for g 1 10
Psr1 Pst for g 1 10
Vsr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
MLFD Msr1 MLFD.all VLFD Vsr1 VLFD.all
N LFD Psr1 PLFD.all
3.45 36.73 "BOT"
43.51
1.23 5.14 "MID +"
3.16 1.23 36.73 "MID -"
40.81 exterior wall
2.92 36.73 "TOP"
43.60 -------------------
28.47 3.30 "LT"
31.81 VLFD kip N LFD kip
MLFD kip ft 6.92 1.04 "MID" top slab
73.28 28.47 3.30 "RT"
31.86 -------------------
26.33 4.10 "LT"
28.65 0.23 1.84 "MID"
63.85 bottom slab
26.33 4.10 "RT"
28.65
Critical Sections Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Service:
MSVC Msr1 MSVC.all VSVC Vsr1 VSVC.all N SVC Psr1 PSVC.all
20.591 2.206 17.184 "BOT"
2.26 0.62 3.672 "MID +"
18.29 0.62 17.184 "MID -" exterior wall
20.144 1.694 17.184 "TOP" -------------------
15.045 13.299 1.972 "LT"
MSVC kip ft VSVC kip N SVC kip
33.98 2.96 1.005 "MID" top slab
15.07 13.299 1.972 "RT"
-------------------
14.235 12.672 2.671 "LT"
30.29 0.1 1.704 "MID" bottom slab
14.235 12.672 2.671 "RT"
Critical Sections Factored Permanent Load Moment for slenderness evaluation consists of the Dead load of Components
(DC), Vertical Earth Load (EV), Horizontal Soil Load (EH) and the Dead load of the wearing surface (DW)
Md.wa γAREMA β D Mwa
j j 1
Mwa
j 2
Mwa
j 3
Mwa
j 4
Mp.wall Intforce CS moment L wa Md.wa 1 1 1 4
Md.ts γAREMA β D Mts
j j 1
Mts Mts Mts
j 2 j 3 j 4
Mp.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts Md.ts 1 1 5 7
Md.bs γAREMA β D Mbs Mbs Mbs Mbs
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
Mp.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
Md stack Mp.wallsubmatrix Mp.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix Mp.bs 8 10 1 1
4.943 "BOT"
2.26 "MID +"
2.26 "MID -" exterior wall
3.732 "TOP" -------------------
2.572 "LT"
Md kip ft
33.98 "MID" top slab
2.571 "RT"
-------------------
4.915 "LT"
30.29 "MID"
bottom slab
4.915 "RT"
6.6 Flexural Strength Check
1.5
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 33000 ksi K1 Ec 5250 ksi (STD 9-8)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
e min max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
MLFD
cecc if emin
i
"OK" "NG"
i i NLFD
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
MLFD MLFD
MLFD if emin
i i
MLFD e min NLFD
i i NLFD i i i MLFD
i i
T
MLFD ( 43.506 3.164 40.814 43.597 31.806 73.283 31.865 28.65 63.849 28.65 ) kip ft
k Ht
slendercheck if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered" (AREMA 2.34.2d)
r
slendercheck "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Ratio of the maximum factored permanent moment to ultimate moment
Md
q
β d T
q MLFD β d ( 0.114 0.714 0.055 0.086 )
q
3
twa b Ec Ig
C m 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq
12 2.5 1 βd
q
Cm
δq min1.0 T
NLFD (STD 8-41) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
MLFD δq MLFD
The resulting magnified moment for the walls q q
Input Bar Size and Spacing From Eriksson Culvert at the critical sections
fc' 2 Rn
i T
ρreq 0.85 1 1 ρreq ( 0.0098 0.0006 0.0091 0.0098 0.004 0.009 0.004 0.0042 0.0095 0.0042 )
i fy 0.85 fc'
Required Area of Reinforcing Steel per foot
T 2
As_req ρreq ds b As_req ( 1.09 0.073 1.02 1.093 0.586 1.354 0.587 0.575 1.299 0.575 ) in
i i i
BarA
sp req
i T
sp req ( 17.17 51.103 18.359 17.132 31.955 5.32 31.896 32.547 9.241 32.547 )
i As_req
i
T
csp if spreq spacingi "OK" "NG" csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
Ma 1 kip ft
while Ma MLFD
i
2 2
As_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if As_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β1 c
Mn As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Po 0.85 fc' b h i As_req As_req2 fy
ab
87000 psi β d
1 si
87000 psi fy
hi
Mb 0.85 fc' b ab hi a b 0.5 As_req2 fy d s
i 2
Pb 0.85 fc' b ab As_req2 fy
Ma ϕb Mb if N LFD = ϕb Pb
i
ϕb Mb
ϕb Mb N ϕb Pb if NLFD ϕb Pb
ϕo Po ϕb Pb LFDi i
ϕb Mb ϕf Mn
N LFD ϕf Mn if N LFD ϕb Pb
ϕb Pb i i
As_req2
1.092
0.083
1.022
As.req As.req_new( i )
i
1.095
T
As.req ( 1.092 0.083 1.022 1.095 0.596 1.356 0.597 0.585 1.301 0.585 ) in
2 0.596 2
As.req in
1.356
0.597
0.585
1.301
0.585
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 1.28 0.43 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.67 1.28 1.28 1.55 1.28 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003 T
εt ( 0.019 0.064 0.019 0.019 0.026 0.02 0.026 0.023 0.019 0.023 )
i
ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.7.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Three Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
T
Mr ϕf Mn Mr ( 43.92 15.97 43.92 43.92 58.79 77.75 58.79 53.83 65.48 53.83 ) kip ft
i i
87000 psi β d hi
a b 87000 psi f 1 si Pb 0.85 fc' b ab As fy Mb 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 As fy ds
i
y i i i i i i i i 2
T
Pb ( 217.99 273.74 217.99 217.99 309.68 297.52 309.68 279.12 269.5 279.12 ) kip
T
Mb ( 116.22 107.15 116.22 116.22 184.34 196.12 184.34 160.11 166.92 160.11 ) kip ft
ϕi ϕb if N LFD Pb
i i
ϕo ϕb 200
NLFD Pb ϕb if NLFD Pb
Pc Pb i i i i
i i
0
0 50 100 150
T
ϕ ( 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 )
Moment Capacity (kip*ft)
T
Ma ( 55.28 17.65 55.28 55.28 60.06 78.13 60.06 55.3 66.12 55.3 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 7.5psi fr 0.65 ksi (AREMA 2.26.1a)
psi
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: Sc
i yi
Mcr fr Sc T
i i 1.2 Mcr ( 18.71 18.71 18.71 18.71 29.23 29.23 29.23 25.46 25.46 25.46 ) kip ft
The function below solves for the neutral axis and determines stress in rebar
hi
Fss( i ) xc MSVC NSVC ds
i i i 2
As
i
ps
12 ds
i
1
c1 N SVC d s ( lbf in)
i i
1
c2 3 xc 3 NSVC ds ( lbf in)
i i
1
2
c3 6 n xc p s lbf in
0.2 ds
i
x1
in
count 0
while count 10
count count 1
3 2
fx c1 x1 c2 x1 c3 x1 c3
2
ffx 3 c1 x1 2c2 x1 c3
fx
x2 x1
ff x
break if x2 x1 0.01
x1 x2
x2
cj 1
3
xc
Fss n
1
1 2
x2 12in ds x2 cj
2
i
Fss
Fss Fss( 4 ) Fss( 1 ) Fss( 6 ) Fss( 9 ) Fss( 2 ) T
Allowable stress for crack control
T
Fssallow fss.allow fss.allow fss.allow fss.allow fss.allow
4 1 6 9 2
Output table
"Bar" "Moment" "Fss" "Allow"
"" "kip-ft" "ksi" "ksi"
"A1" 20.14 17.55 20.67
Crack_control "A2" 20.59 18.12 20.67
"A100" 33.98 24.47 33.32
"A200" 30.29 25.58 26.48
"B1" 2.26 2.80 27.39
Maximum spacing not more than three times the wall or slab thickness, nor 18 inches
smax.ts min 3 min twa tts tbs 18in 18 in
0.6%
100 ft 10ft
H s 10ft 0.4% otherwise
Half of this requirement shall be provided on each face of the slab or wall
max twa tts tbs in
2
As.lr.req LRreq 0.36
2 ft
T
checkA.ts if As.lr.req As.ts "OK" "NG" checkA.ts ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
ii ii
For fill depths greater than 2 ft, Vc may be computed by the following equations for box culverts
fc' As VLFD d s Vu d
Vc 2.14psi min1 d b
i i i
4600psi shall not be taken greater than 1
i psi b ds MLFD si Mu
i i
Vr Vc ϕv
i i
T
Vr ( 24.63 25.67 24.63 24.63 32.58 33.29 32.58 29.93 30.31 29.93 ) kip
W twa coverwe 0.5in 2 otherwise
Vertical bars
Development length l d ldb Modspc l d 34.586 in
Splice length for a Class C splice
Splice max 1.7 l d 12in Splice 58.796 in
2 ρreq n ρreq n 2 ρreq n
cj 1
3
Mmin
i
fs.min
i cj d s As_req
i i i
T
fs.min ( 6.453 39.508 3.146 4.861 4.572 5.094 4.562 9.707 6.611 9.707 ) ksi
Check fatigue
checkfatigue if i = 2 "NC" if fr fs.chg "OK" "NG"
i i i Fatigue check not done at inside face of wall
T
checkfatigue ( "OK" "NC" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel reinforcement Flexural strength check Shear strength check Crack control
2
As.req 1.356 in Ma 78.13 kip ft Vr 32.58 kip fss.allow 33.32 ksi
6 6 5 6
2 Ma 60.06 kip ft Vr 30.31 kip fss.allow 26.48 ksi
As.req 1.301 in 5 9 9
9
Ma 66.12 kip ft Vr 29.93 kip fss.allow 27.39 ksi
2 9 8 2
As.req 1.092 in
1 Ma 55.30 kip ft Vr 24.63 kip fss.allow 20.67 ksi
2 8 1 4
As.req 1.095 in
4 Ma 55.28 kip ft Vr 25.67 kip fss.allow 20.67 ksi
2 1 2 1
in
As.lr.req 0.360 Ma 17.65 kip ft Vr 24.63 kip
ft 2 4
2 Ma 55.28 kip ft
in 4
As.lr.req 0.360
ft
2
in
As.lr.req 0.360
ft
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (mm /m)
Top Slab-Bar A100 2480 2518 -1.5%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 2298 2333 -1.5%
Spec.: CSA-S6-06
Type of Culvert: Precast
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 6.00 m
Clear Height: 3.00 m
Top Slab: 0.30 m
Bottom Slab: 0.30 m
Ext. Wall: 254 mm z
3.00 m
Fill Depth: 1.00 m
x
Length: 3.00 m
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 203 mm
Top Haunch, Height: 203 mm
Bottom Haunch, Width: 203 mm
Bottom Haunch, Height: 203 mm 6.51 m
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 35.00 MPa
Density: 2447 kg/m3 Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 27053 MPa
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 400 MPa
0.30 m
Allow Stress: 180 MPa
Elasticity, Es: 200000 MPa
Soil
Density: 2243 kg/m3
Reinforcement Covers
y
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 51 mm
3.00 m
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 25 mm x
Ext. Cover Walls 25 mm
Int. Cover Walls 25 mm
Int. Top Slab 25 mm
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 25 mm
0.30 m
Loads
Live Load
Vehicle Names: CL-625 Design 254 mm 6.00 m 254 mm
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.00 kN/m Typical Section
Additional Dead Load: 0.00 kN/m
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Horiz Arching Factor Max: 0.50
Horiz. Arching Factor Min: 0.30
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 5.574 m3/m Total Volume of Concrete: 16.721 m3
155 mm
155 mm
155 mm
155 mm 12 C1 Bars @ 300 mm
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
38 mm
38 mm
38 mm 14 B1 Bars @ 225 mm
38 mm 14 B1 Bars @ 225 mm
125 mm
125 mm
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
150 mm
100 mm
150 mm 10 A300 Bars @ 300 mm
63 mm
62 mm 24 A200 Bars @ 125 mm
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
125 mm
125 mm
125 mm
11 A1 Bars @ 275 mm
11 A1 Bars @ 275 mm
125 mm
Top Slab Corner Reinf. Bottom Slab Corner Reinf.
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.00 Copyright © 2010-2018 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : CSA-S6-06
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 6.00 m Fill Depth : 1.000m
Clear Height: 3.00 m Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 3.00 m Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 203 mm Height: 203 mm
Bottom, Length: 203 mm Height: 203 mm
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 0 mm Bot Slab: 0 mm
Ext Wall: 0 mm
Wall Joint: None
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete: Strength,f'c : 35.000 MPa Density : 2447 kg/m3 Elasticity,Ec: 27053 MPa
Type : Normal-Density Exposure : Moderate
Max Crack Width : 0.250000 mm
Steel: Yield,fy : 400.0 MPa fss Limit : 6.9fy Elasticity,Es: 200000 MPa
Yield,fyv : 400.0 MPa Diameter : 25 mm Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 2243 kg/m3 Vertical Arching Factor: 1.20 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) CL-625 Design - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(kN) Dist. From Previous(m)
1 174.99 0.00
Gage Width: 1.80 m, Tread Width: 600 mm, Tread Length: 250 mm
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 124.99 kN, Axle 2: 124.99 kN, Axle Spacing: 1.20 m
Override DLA: no
Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program Max. No. of Lanes: 1
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 kN/m Add. Dead Load : 0.00 kN/m
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Horizontal Arching Factor, Min: 0.30 Max: 0.50 (B1 Installation)
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.100 0.950
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.250 0.800
EH: 1.250 0.800
WA: 1.100
LL: 1.700
Phi Steel : 0.900 Phi Concrete: 0.800
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Top Slab: 51 mm 25 mm
Walls : 25 mm 25 mm
Bot Slab: 25 mm 25 mm
Design Options
--------------
Member Thick.: Top Slab : Variable Bottom Slab: Variable
Ext. Wall: Variable
LL Analysis : Automatically Set Distribution Width to Account for Skew Effects: no
Limit Distribution Width to Culvert Length for Fills > 0.61 m: no
Combine Longitudinal Axle Overlaps for Fills > 0.61 m: yes
Combine Transverse Axle Overlaps for Fills > 0.61 m: no
Axle Placement Increment for Moving Load Analysis: 20
Include Impact on Bottom Slab: yes
Reinforcement: Always Include Distribution Steel: no
Distribution Slab Provided: no
User Defined Longitudinal Steel: no, Follow Specification
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (kN-m) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (kN)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -26.71 -44.97 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 1- 0 5.1 0.0 0.0 44.2 -0.7 0.0
1- 1 -25.03 -44.97 0.00 2.58 0.00 0.00 1- 1 5.1 0.0 0.0 33.0 -0.6 0.0
1- 2 -23.34 -44.97 0.00 11.77 -0.18 0.00 1- 2 5.1 0.0 0.0 22.6 -0.5 0.0
1- 3 -21.66 -44.97 0.00 17.68 -0.32 0.00 1- 3 5.1 0.0 0.0 13.1 -0.4 0.0
1- 4 -19.97 -44.97 0.00 20.59 -0.42 0.00 1- 4 5.1 0.0 0.0 4.5 -0.2 0.0
1- 5 -18.29 -44.97 0.00 20.79 -0.48 0.00 1- 5 5.1 0.0 0.0 -3.3 -0.1 0.0
1- 6 -16.60 -44.97 0.00 18.57 -0.48 0.00 1- 6 5.1 0.0 0.0 -10.2 0.1 0.0
1- 7 -14.92 -44.97 0.00 14.20 -0.41 0.00 1- 7 5.1 0.0 0.0 -16.2 0.3 0.0
1- 8 -13.23 -44.97 0.00 7.98 -0.27 0.00 1- 8 5.1 0.0 0.0 -21.4 0.5 0.0
1- 9 -11.55 -44.97 0.00 0.19 -0.06 0.00 1- 9 5.1 0.0 0.0 -25.7 0.8 0.0
1-10 -9.86 -44.97 0.00 -8.88 0.24 0.00 1-10 5.1 0.0 0.0 -29.2 1.0 0.0
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -9.86 -44.97 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 0 24.0 82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 1 3.16 1.49 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 1 18.3 66.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 2 13.18 37.62 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 2 13.7 49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 3 20.33 63.43 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 3 9.1 33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 4 24.62 78.92 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 4 4.6 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 5 26.05 84.08 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 6 24.62 78.92 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 6 -4.6 -16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 7 20.33 63.43 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 7 -9.1 -33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 8 13.18 37.62 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 8 -13.7 -49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2- 9 3.16 1.49 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2- 9 -18.3 -66.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2-10 -9.86 -44.97 0.00 -9.12 0.24 0.00 2-10 -24.0 -82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -26.71 -44.97 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 0 44.1 82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 1 -1.87 1.49 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 1 35.3 66.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 2 17.45 37.62 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 2 26.5 49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 3 31.24 63.43 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 3 17.7 33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 4 39.52 78.92 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 4 8.8 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 5 42.28 84.08 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 6 39.52 78.92 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 6 -8.8 -16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 7 31.24 63.43 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 7 -17.7 -33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 8 17.45 37.62 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 8 -26.5 -49.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4- 9 -1.87 1.49 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4- 9 -35.3 -66.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4-10 -26.71 -44.97 0.00 -10.18 0.21 0.00 4-10 -44.1 -82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (kN)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 -24.0 -82.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 5.1 0.0 0.0 -29.2 1.0 0.0
4 -5.1 0.0 0.0 -44.2 0.7 0.0
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, CL-625 Design ----------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (kN/m) (m) Previous (m)
Truck 1 26.63 2.00
Tandem 1 23.36 3.20
1.1 Input
1.2 Preliminary Checks
1.3 Loads
1.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
1.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
1.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
1.10 Shear Strength Check
1.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
1.1 Input
kN wc kg
Materials: Box Concrete: f'c 35MPa w c 24 γc 2447.319
3 g 3
m m
K 1 1.0 Agg max 20 mm
Rebar: fy 400 MPa Es 200000MPa fs 180 MPa D b 25 mm
kN γs kg
Soil: γs 22 2243.376
3 g 3
m m
Loads: Vehicle Live: CL-625 Traffic Direction: Lanes Parallel to main reinforcement
kg
Future Wearing Surface: w ws 0
3
m
kg
Water Density: w w 1000
3
m
Installation Type B "B1"
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts 3.305 m
1.3 Loads
Dead Loads (DC):
kN
top slab: w dts w c tts ( 1 m) w dts 7.32
m
bottom slab: w dbs wc tbs ( 1 m) kN
w dbs 7.32
m
2
single haunch: th
w dha wc ( 1 m) w dha 0.495 kN
weight 2
kN
wall weight w wall twa w c ( 1 m) w wall 6.096
m
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
1 kN
w bottom wdts Design_Span 2 w wall Design_Height Design_Span
w bottom 13.763
m
kN
Wearing Surface (DW): w dw wws ( 1 m) w dw 0
m
Vertical Earth Load (EV):
Outside culvert: Bc Clear_Span 2 twa
Bc 6.508 m
width
10.2
w sllbot.h kPa w sllbot.h 2.213 kPa
Maximum Case Ht tbs tts
Hs
mm mm mm
1000 m
Water Load : In this example no internal water pressure is used
(WA)
Figure 2: Cross section of box culvert with Static Loading Diagram
Use of CL-625 truck will be used according to CHBDC 3.6.3.2. Axle loads will be distributed over an
Live Loads :
equivalent contact area using the equivalent strip width per Article 7.8.5.3.3 for fill depth less than
(LL)
0.6m. For fills less than 2ft the distribution width for a wheel load is limited to length of the culvert.
Hs
DLA 0.4 1 0.5 DLA 20 % (CHBDC 3.8.4.5.3) Under
m the assumption of 2 axles
1.0
Wheel_Gage 1.8 m Tire_Length 0.25 m
0.9
MPF Lane_Sep 4 ft Tire_Width 0.6 m
0.8
(CHBDC 3.8.3.2)
0.7
CL-625 Vehicle Properties
Wtotal 625 kN
kN Number of Axles
Lane_Load 9 A m 1.0 if Lane_Load = 0 0.8
m naxle.Truck 5
0.8 otherwise
For all axle loads, we will check 4 cases for the each axle correspond to the number of lanes loaded. Per CHBDC 6.9.6,
When the depth of fill over a structure is less than 0.6 m, no distribution beyond the footprint of the wheels shall be
considered. Thus,
Truck:
slope 1.75
P axle.Truck
T
WTruck WTruck ( 2.081 5.203 5.203 7.285 6.244 ) kPa
Tire_Length 2 H s slope Tire_Width 2 Hs slope
Bottom Slab Loading
All vertical loading from the top slab is uniformly distributed along the bottom slab. The load varies depending on the
number of axles on the culvert. The number of axles on the bridge are computed for both forward and backward truck
orientations to show the possible combinations of axles.
Load Factors: From the CHDBC 7.5.2, 3.5.1, Table 3.2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
Strength
Load Min. Max
DC 0.95 1.10
DW 0.65 1.50
EV 0.80 1.25
EH 0.80 1.25
LL 0.00 1.70
WA 0.00 1.00
γDC 1.1 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.25 γEH 1.25 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.70
γDC.min 0.95 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.8 γEH.min 0.8 γWA.min 0.00
T
h ( 254 254 254 254 305 305 305 305 305 305 ) mm
T
cover ( 25 25 25 25 51 25 51 25 25 25 ) mm
26.71 44.97 0 10.18 0.21 0 0 22.22 5.1 0.9 0 44.2 0.7 0 2.1 3.3
22.25
25.03 44.97 0 2.58 0 0 0
5.1 0.9 0 33.0 0.6 0 2.1 3.3
23.34 44.97 0 11.77 0.18 0 0 22.34 5.1 0.9 0 22.6 0.5 0 2.1 3.3
21.66 44.97 0 17.68 0.32 0 0 22.88
5.1 0.9 0 13.1 0.4 0 2.1 3.3
19.97 44.97 0 20.59 0.42 0 0 23.70 5.1 0.9 0 4.5 0.2 0 2.1 3.3
M wa 18.29 44.97 0 20.79 0.48 0 0 24.63 kN m V wa 5.1 0.9 0 3.3 0.1 0 2.1 3.3 kN
16.06 44.97 0 18.57 0.48 0 0 25.63 5.1 0.9 0 10.2 0.1 0 2.1 3.3
14.92 44.97 0 14.20 0.41 0 0 26.68 5.1 0.9 0 16.2 0.3 0 2.1 3.3
13.23 44.97 0 7.98 0.27 0 0 27.73 5.1 0.9 0 21.4 0.6 0 2.1 3.3
11.55 44.97 0 0.19 0.05 0 0 28.79 5.1 0.9 0 25.7 0.8 0 2.1 3.3
9.86 44.97 0 8.88 0.24 0 0.19 29.46 5.1 0.9 0 29.2 1.1 0 2.1 3.3
Bottom Slab:
Load Combination 1
M pLC.1.ts M ts γDC M ts γDW Mts γEV M ts γLL M ts γEH.min Mts γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
M pLC.1.bs Mbs γDC M bs γDW M bs γEV M bs γLL Mbs γEH.min Mbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
M nLC.1.bs Mbs γDC M bs γDW M bs γEV M bs γLL Mbs γEH.min Mbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
V pLC.1.bs Vbs γDC V bs γDW V bs γEV V bs γLL Vbs γEH.min Vbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
V nLC.1.bs Vbs γDC V bs γDW V bs γEV V bs γLL Vbs γEH.min Vbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
P pLC.1.bs Pbs γDC P bs γDW P bs γEV P bs γLL Pbs γEH.min Pbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
P nLC.1.bs Pbs γDC P bs γDW P bs γEV P bs γLL Pbs γEH.min Pbs γWA
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
M pLC.2.bs Mbs γDC M bs γDW M bs γEV M bs γLL Mbs γEH Mbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
M nLC.2.bs Mbs γDC M bs γDW M bs γEV M bs γLL Mbs γEH Mbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
V pLC.2.bs Vbs γDC V bs γDW V bs γEV V bs γLL Vbs γEH Vbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
V nLC.2.bs Vbs γDC V bs γDW V bs γEV V bs γLL Vbs γEH Vbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
P pLC.2.bs Pbs γDC P bs γDW P bs γEV P bs γLL Pbs γEH Pbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 7 k 4 k 6
P nLC.2.bs Pbs γDC P bs γDW P bs γEV P bs γLL Pbs γEH Pbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 8 k 4 k 6
M LC.3.bs Mbs γDC.min Mbs γDW.min Mbs γEV.min Mbs γEH Mbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 4 k 6
V LC.3.bs Vbs γDC.min Vbs γDW.min Vbs γEV.min Vbs γEH Vbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 4 k 6
P LC.3.bs Pbs γDC.min Pbs γDW.min Pbs γEV.min Pbs γEH Pbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 4 k 6
M pLC.4.bs Mbs γDC M bs γDW.min M bs γEV M bs γLL Mbs γEH Mbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
V pLC.4.bs Vbs γDC V bs γDW.min V bs γEV V bs γLL Vbs γEH Vbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
P pLC.4.bs Pbs γDC P bs γDW.min P bs γEV P bs γLL Pbs γEH Pbs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
M pLC.5.bs Mbs γDC.min Mbs γDW.min Mbs γEV.min Mbs γLL M bs γEH M bs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
M pLC.5.wa M wa γDC.min Mwa γDW.min M wa γEV.min Mwa γLL Mwa γEH M wa γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
V pLC.5.ts V ts γDC.min Vts γDW.min V ts γEV.min Vts γLL Vts γEH V ts γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
V pLC.5.bs Vbs γDC.min Vbs γDW.min Vbs γEV.min Vbs γLL V bs γEH V bs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
V pLC.5.wa V wa γDC.min Vwa γDW.min V wa γEV.min Vwa γLL Vwa γEH V wa γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
P pLC.5.ts P ts γDC.min Pts γDW.min P ts γEV.min Pts γLL Pts γEH P ts γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
P pLC.5.bs Pbs γDC.min Pbs γDW.min Pbs γEV.min Pbs γLL P bs γEH P bs γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
P pLC.5.wa P wa γDC.min Pwa γDW.min P wa γEV.min Pwa γLL Pwa γEH P wa γWA.min
k k 1 k 3 k 2 k 5 k 4 k 6
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 3.305 m Design_Span 6.254 m i 1 10 j 1 11
tbs 0.5 th
355.5 "BOT"
0.5 Design_Height
1652.5 "MID +"
0.5 Design_Height 1652.5 "MID -" exterior wall
Design_Height tts 0.5 th
2949.5 "TOP" -------------------
twa 0.5 th 330 "LT"
CSmoment CSmoment mm
0.5 Design_Span 3127 "MID" top slab
Design_Span twa 0.5 th 5924 "RT"
-------------------
twa 0.5 th 330 "LT"
3127 "MID"
0.5 Design_Span bottom slab
Design_Span t 0.5 t 5924 "RT"
wa h
Db
ds.assume hi coveri dv.assume ds.assume
i 2 i i
tbs 0.5 th dv.assume
1
0.5 Design_Height 572 "BOT"
0.5 Design_Height 1652.5 "MID +"
Design_Height t 0.5 t d 1652.5 "MID -" exterior wall
ts h v.assume4
twa 0.5 th dv.assume
2733 "TOP" -------------------
5 571.5 "LT"
CSshear CSshear mm
0.5 Design_Span 3127 "MID" top slab
Design_Span twa 0.5 th dv.assume 5682.5 "RT"
7 -------------------
twa 0.5 th dv.assume 597.5 "LT"
8 3127 "MID"
bottom slab
0.5 Design_Span
5656.5 "RT"
Design_Span twa 0.5 th dv.assume
10
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
jmax last( vector) jmax last( vector)
jj1 jj1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j jmax break if j jmax
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h1 h2 t1 t2 for h h1 h2
for t t1 t2
CS t Ltrace
lt
Pert
Ltrace Ltrace
h t l t
Intforce Pert Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h t lt l t
Intforce
S crit CS Lwa Lts Lbs Mstr
M str1.wall Intforce CS Lwa M str 1 2 1 4
M str1.ts Intforce CS Lts Mstr 3 4 5 7
M str1.bs Intforce CS Lbs Mstr 5 6 8 10
stack M str1.wall submatrix M str1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix M str1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
Critical Sections Design Strength Moments, Shears and Axial Forces under Strength I:
M sr1 Mst for g 1 10
P sr1 Pst for g 1 10
a
2 if Section
T
g = "Neg" Caseg
2 if Section
T
g = "Neg"
1 otherwise
1 otherwise
P str P st
M str M st
g g a
g
g Case
g
M str P str 1
V sr1 Vsr for g 1 10 M STR M str1 V STR V str1 P STR P str1
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
M str1.all Scrit CSmoment Lwa Lts Lbs MSTR
V str1.all Scrit CSmoment Lwa Lts Lbs VSTR
M d.bs M bs γDC M bs γEV Mbs γDW M bs γEH M p.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
M d stack M p.wall submatrix M p.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix M p.bs 8 10 1 1
Maximum Factored Permanent Moments
79.511 "BOT"
50.344 "MID +"
50.344 "MID -" exterior wall
68.083 "TOP" -------------------
40.257 "LT"
Md kN m
122.355 "MID" top slab
40.257 "RT"
-------------------
53.257 "LT"
138.883 "MID"
bottom slab
53.257 "RT"
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.5
f'c γc m3
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 3000 6900 MPa Ec 27053.91 MPa (CHBDC 8.4.1.7)
MPa 2300 kg
1 m design width: b 1 m
Slenderness Effects Evaluation (Walls Only) (CHBDC 8.8.5.2)
k Ht
slender check if 100 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slender check "OK Ignore Slenderness"
q 1 4
2
π EIq
P c T
P c ( 1214.237 1013.38 1355.098 1282.181 ) kN
q 2
k Ht
Cm
δq min 1.0 T
Nstr1 (CHBDC 8.8.5.3) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
kN
g α ϕc b f'c 22330
m
T 2
A s.req ( 1623.397 0 1374.127 1600.337 853.142 2518.348 853.142 771.919 2333.72 771.919 ) mm
1000 mm T
A s BarA A s ( 1818.182 444.444 1818.182 1818.182 1818.182 2500 1818.182 1818.182 2400 1818.182 ) mm
i i spacingi
2
ϕs As fy Nstr1 g ds
1 2 h i i i i
M a g ds 2 Nstr1 ds
i 2 i i i 2.0 g
T
M a ( 152.902 45.628 152.902 152.902 152.382 223.832 152.382 173.111 220.819 173.111 ) kN m
T 2
A s.max ( 6086.225 6680.285 6086.225 6086.225 7396.753 8260.628 7396.753 8117.961 8282.24 8117.961 ) mm
CHBDC 7.8.8.1.1
f'c
Cracking Strength: fr 0.4 MPa fr 2.366 MPa (CHBDC 8.4.1.8)
MPa
3
b hi
Gross Moment of Inertia: Ig
i 12
Distance to Extreme: hi
yi
Neutral Axis 2
Ig
i
Section Modulus: S c
i yi
M cr fr S c T
i i M cr ( 25.445 25.445 25.445 25.445 36.69 36.69 36.69 36.69 36.69 36.69 ) kN m
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Table 7.18
2
mm
A s.ts.req 300
ii m
c7.8.11.2 if As.ts.req As.ts "NG" "OK"
ii ii ii
T
c7.8.11.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Per CHBDC 7.8.12.1, since the depth of fill is greater than 0.6 m, the distribution steel becomes the shrinkage and
temperature reinforcement.
Input Distribution steel from ET culvert
10 250
BarNO.ds spacing ds mm "C100-Top Slab"
iii 1 1 10 250
BarD.ds BarDBBarNO.ds T
iii iii BarD.ds ( 11.3 ) mm
BarA.ds BarASBarNO.ds T 2
iii iii BarA.ds ( 100 ) mm
BarA.ds 2
iii T mm
A s.ds A s.ds ( 400 )
iii spacing ds m
iii
M str1.all Scrit CSmoment Lwa Lts Lbs MSTR
V str1.all Scrit CSshear Lwa Lts Lbs VSTR
dv max 0.9ds 0.72 hi
i
i
(CHBDC 8.9.1.5)
T
dv ( 194.76 201.015 194.76 194.76 219.6 240.66 219.6 240.66 243.225 240.66 ) mm
dv dv
1 3
Mstr1
i
V str1 0.5 N str1
dv i i
εx max 0.0 min0.003
i
(CHBDC 8.9.3.8)
i 2 Es As
i
T
εx ( 0.00074 0 0.00057 0.00071 0.0007 0.00096 0.0007 0.00061 0.00089 0.00061 )
35 sz
i
s z dv s ze
i i i 15 mm Aggmax (CHBDC 8.9.2.6)
T
s ze ( 194.76 201.015 194.76 194.76 219.6 240.66 219.6 240.66 243.225 240.66 )
0.4 1300
β i (CHBDC 8.9.3.7)
1 1500 εx 1000 sze
i i
T
β ( 0.206 0.433 0.234 0.211 0.208 0.172 0.208 0.219 0.179 0.219 )
T
V c ( 189.87 411.915 215.769 194.25 216.381 196.244 216.381 248.886 206.584 248.886 ) kN
T
V str1 ( 42.056 7.665 7.665 27.072 188.851 30.09 188.851 175.101 1.02 175.101 ) kN
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
MSTR
2 4 twa
hA1 devLoc 0.1 Clear_Span 0.1 Clear_Span 0.969 m Located at inflection point
M STR MSTR 2
3 4 2 4
MSTR
2 6 twa
hA2 devLoc 0.1 Clear_Span 0.1 Clear_Span 0.918 m
M STR MSTR 2
3 6 2 6
vA1 devLoc tts cover te BarD 0.229 m vA2 devLoc tbs coverbe BarD 0.255 m
4 1
Modification of Development Length (CHBDC 8.15.2.4)
Coating Factor k1 1.0 k1 1
Bar Size Factor k2 if BarNO 20 1.0 0.8 k2 1
4
Location Factor k3 1.0 k3 1
3
CutoffA2v SpliceA2 vA2devLoc CutoffA2v 1 10 mm
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 0.671 0.675 -0.6%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 0.619 0.609 1.6%
Bottom Corner-Bar A2 0.645 0.647 -0.3%
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar CE1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Load Rating
MBE 6A.4.2.1
A100-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.1 1.1 0.0%
A100-Flexure Operating Rating 1.42 1.42 0.0%
A200- Flexure Inventory Rating 1.02 1.03 -1.0%
A200- Flexure Operating Rating 1.33 1.34 -0.7%
Top Slab LT- Shear Inventory Rating 1.07 1.08 -0.9%
Bottom Slab LT-Shear Inventory Rating 1.27 1.29 -1.6%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 16'-0"
Clear Height: 8'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-0"
Bottom Slab: 11"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 1.99 ft
8'-0"
x
Length: 8'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 8"
Top Haunch, Height: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 8"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 8" 17'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
1'-0"
Allow Stress: 36 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
8'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Ext. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Top Slab 1"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
11"
Loads 10" 16'-0" 10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.000 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.781 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 14.247 cy
1'-4" 11 CE1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4" 1'-4" 11 C100 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4"
1'-2 1/2" 6 C1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-2 1/2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
3"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
3"
3"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
3" 6 AE300 Bars @ 1'-6" 3"
3"
16 A200 Bars @ 6"
3"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 8th Edition
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 16.0000 ft Fill Depth : 1.99 ft
Clear Height: 8.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 8.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 8.0000 in Height: 8.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 12.0000 in Bot Slab: 11.0000 in
Ext Wall: 10.0000 in
Wall Joint: 0 in. from culvert center line, deflection restrained
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete, Bot: Strength: 5.000 ksi Density: 0.150 kcf Elasticity: 4287 ksi
Concrete, Top: Strength: 5.000 ksi Density: 0.150 kcf Elasticity: 4287 ksi
Concrete, All: Type: Normal Weight Density Modification Factor : 1.00
Fr Factor : 0.24 Gamma1 : 1.60 Gamma3 : 1.00
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 0.6fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : no
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
EQ: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -5.60 -4.68 0.00 -0.29 -0.06 0.00 1- 0 1.25 1.04 0.00 1.40 0.28 0.00
1- 1 -4.48 -3.74 0.00 0.70 0.14 0.00 1- 1 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.00
1- 2 -3.36 -2.81 0.00 1.18 0.25 0.00 1- 2 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.27 0.07 0.00
1- 3 -2.24 -1.87 0.00 1.20 0.26 0.00 1- 3 1.25 1.04 0.00 -0.23 -0.04 0.00
1- 4 -1.12 -0.94 0.00 0.79 0.18 0.00 1- 4 1.25 1.04 0.00 -0.67 -0.15 0.00
1- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1- 5 1.25 1.04 0.00 -1.07 -0.25 0.00
1- 6 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 1- 6 -0.61 -0.98 0.00 -0.57 -0.28 0.00
1- 7 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 1- 7 -0.61 -0.98 0.00 -0.57 -0.28 0.00
1- 8 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 1- 8 -0.61 -0.98 0.00 -0.57 -0.28 0.00
1- 9 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 1- 9 -0.61 -0.98 0.00 -0.57 -0.28 0.00
1-10 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 1-10 -0.61 -0.98 0.00 -0.57 -0.28 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 0 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 -0.78 -1.29 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 1 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 0.71 1.14 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 2 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 1.77 2.87 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 3 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 2.41 3.90 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 4 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 2.62 4.25 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 2.41 3.90 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 6 -0.25 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 1.77 2.87 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 7 -0.50 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 0.71 1.14 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 8 -0.76 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 -0.78 -1.29 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2- 9 -1.01 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 -2.72 -4.40 0.00 -0.15 -0.07 0.00 2-10 -1.34 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -5.60 -4.68 0.00 -0.29 -0.06 0.00 4- 0 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 -1.87 -1.56 0.00 -0.28 -0.06 0.00 4- 1 1.97 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 1.04 0.87 0.00 -0.27 -0.06 0.00 4- 2 1.48 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 3.11 2.60 0.00 -0.27 -0.06 0.00 4- 3 0.99 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 4.36 3.65 0.00 -0.26 -0.06 0.00 4- 4 0.50 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 4.78 4.00 0.00 -0.25 -0.05 0.00 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 4.37 3.66 0.00 -0.24 -0.05 0.00 4- 6 -0.49 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 3.14 2.62 0.00 -0.24 -0.05 0.00 4- 7 -0.98 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 1.08 0.90 0.00 -0.23 -0.05 0.00 4- 8 -1.47 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 -1.81 -1.52 0.00 -0.22 -0.05 0.00 4- 9 -1.96 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -5.53 -4.62 0.00 -0.21 -0.05 0.00 4-10 -2.45 -2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.57 0.28 0.00
4 1.23 1.03 0.00 1.39 0.28 0.00
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.387 3.12
2 1.547 3.12 14.00
3 1.547 3.12 14.00
Tandem 1 1.209 3.12
1.1 Input
1.2 Preliminary Check
1.3 Loads
1.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
1.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
1.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.8 Service Stress Check
1.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
1.10 Shear Strength Check
1.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
1.12 Fatigue Analysis
1.13 Deflection Check
1.14 Load Rating
1.15 Reinforcement Details
1.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi w c 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 107.5 in
Design_Span
18
tts c12.11.2.1 "Edge Beam Not-Required"
2
single haunch: th
w dha wc 1 ft w dha 0.033 kip
weight 2
wall weight w wall twa w c 1 ft w wall 0.125 klf
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
1 kip
w bottom wdts Design_Span 2 w wall Design_Height Design_Span
w bottom 0.283
ft
Soil-Structure : Hs
F e min1 0.2 1.15 if Fill_type = "compacted"
Interaction Factor Bc
F e 1.023
H
min1 0.2 1.4 otherwise
s
Bc (LRFD 12.11.2.2)
kip
w e Fe γs Hs 1 ft w e 0.244
ft
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
kip
w eh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft w eh_top_min 0.06
ft
kip
w eh_bot_min γsmin H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_min 0.343
ft
Maximum Case
kip
w eh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft w eh_top_max 0.119
ft
kip
w eh_bot_max γsmax H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_max 0.687
ft
Figure 2: Cross section of box culvert with Static Loading Diagram
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 24.791 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
1.2
1.00
MPF Wheel_Gage 6 ft
0.85 Tire_Length 10in
Lane_Sep 4 ft Fill_SlopeLRFD 1.15
0.65 Tire_Width 20in
(LRFD 3.6.1.2.6) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.5)
(LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1) (LRFD 3.6.1.3.1)
Eperp min2 L 96in 1.44in
Clear_Span
(LRFD 4.6.2.10.2-1)
Eperp 9.92 ft
ft
Distribution width Parallel to Span:
DisWid Eperp
qq
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 NLanes
DisWid Eperp
qq q
q
Maxaxle
For fill depths less than 2ft article (LRFD C4.6.2.10.2) the load length parallel to span in equation (4.6.2.10.2-2) may be
conservatively neglected and the load can be analyzed as a distributed line load beneath the wheels of each design vehicle
which is the default in Eriksson Culvert. This action can be removed and the distribution through the fill may be kept be
selecting to always distribute wheel load under the analysis option dialog box.
P axle naxle w axle for q 1 naxle
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck naxle.Truck T
WTruck ( 0.387 1.547 1.547 ) ksf
P truck Paxle naxle.Truck WTruck T
P truck ( 1.208 4.831 4.831 ) klf
Tandem:
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem naxle.Tandem T
Wtandem ( 1.209 1.209 ) ksf
P tandem Paxle naxle.Tandem Wtandem T
P tandem ( 3.774 3.774 ) klf
Lane Loading:
Not applicable for box culverts under all spans
Bottom_Load naxle paxle augment for q 1 naxle
for q 1 naxle
q q
Ptop
q paxle
j
P top
q
reverse paxle j
j 1 j 1
Ptop P top
Wbot Wbot
q Design_Span q Design_Span
Truck: 0.072 0.287
Wbot.Truck Bottom_Load naxle.Truck Ptruck Wbot.Truck 0.359 0.574 ksf
0.646 0.646
Tandem:
Wbot.Tandem Bottom_Load naxle.Tandem P tandem Wbot.Tandem
0.224 0.224
ksf
0.448 0.448
Load Modifier:
ηmax max ηR ηI ηD 0.95 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-2)
ηmin min
1
1.0
(LRFD 1.3.2.1-3)
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.30 γEH 1.35 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.75
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.75
T T
h ( 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 11 11 11 ) in cover ( 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 ) in
5.60 4.68 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.00 10.49 1.25 1.04 0.00 1.40 0.28 0.00 2.34 0.00
4.48 3.74 0.00 0.70 0.14 0.00 0.00 8.39
1.25 1.04 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.00 2.34 0.00
3.36 2.81 0.00 1.18 0.25 0.00 0.00 6.29 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.27 0.07 0.00 2.34 0.00
2.24 1.87 0.00 1.20 0.26 0.00 0.00 4.20
1.25 1.04 0.00 0.23 0.04 0.00 2.34 0.00
1.12 0.94 0.00 0.79 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.10 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.67 0.15 0.00 2.34 0.00
M wa 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 kip ft V wa 0.61
0.98 0.00 1.07 0.25 0.00 0.00 2.52 kip
0.54 0.88 0.00 0.47 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.26 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.35 0.15 0.00 0.00 2.52
1.09 1.76 0.00 0.65 0.26 0.00 0.00 4.52 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 2.52
1.63 2.64 0.00 0.57 0.25 0.00 0.00 6.78 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.21 0.07 0.00 0.00 2.52
2.18 3.52 0.00 0.29 0.14 0.00 0.20 9.04 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.41 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.52
2.72 4.40 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.10 11.29 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.57 0.28 0.00 0.00 2.52
Top Slab:
2.72 4.40 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.00 11.29 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.95 0.00
0.78 1.29 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 2.81 5.77
1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20 0.13
0.71 1.14 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 6.39 1.92 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.44 0.52
1.77 2.87 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 10.12 0.26
0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 1.00
2.41 3.90 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 12.31 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.93 1.48
M ts 2.62 4.25 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 12.97 0.00 kip ftV ts 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 2.18 kip
2.41 3.90 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 12.31 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 2.93
1.77 2.87 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 10.12 0.26 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3.69
0.71 1.14 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 6.39 1.92 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 4.44
0.78 1.29 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 2.81 5.77 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 5.20
2.72 4.40 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.00 11.29 1.34 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.95
5.60 4.68 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.00 10.49 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61
0.00
1.87 1.56 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.00 3.50
1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 0.00
1.04 0.87 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 1.94 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77 0.00
3.11 2.60 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 5.83 0.00
0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.00
4.36 3.65 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 8.17 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00
M bs 4.78 4.00 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 8.96 0.00 kip ft V bs 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 kip
4.37 3.66 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 8.20 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93
3.14 2.62 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 5.88 0.00 0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85
1.08 0.90 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 2.02 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77
1.81 1.52 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.00 3.50 1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69
5.53 4.62 0.00 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.00 10.49 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cc augment C1 C2 C3
i
T i
minC T
Cp if j = 1 maxCc
i j c
Comboi j if Cp = C1 1 if Cp = C2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m M ts 11
M str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m M wa 11
M str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m M bs 11
V str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v V ts 11 V str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v V wa 11 V str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v V bs 11
P str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m P ts 11 P str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m P wa 11 P str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m P bs 11
Sv 1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11
WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11
BSsv1c.m Sv 1.c M bs 11
TSsv1c.v Sv 1.c V ts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv 1.c V wa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m M ts 11
M s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m M wa 11
M s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
V s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 V s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 V s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.v V bs 11
P s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m P ts 11 P s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m P wa 11 P s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
M str1 augment M str1.wa M str1.ts M str1.bs
M s1 augment Ms1.wa M s1.ts Ms1.bs
V str1 augment V str1.wa V str1.ts V str1.bs V s1 augment Vs1.wa V s1.ts Vs1.bs
P str1 augment P str1.wa P str1.ts P str1.bs P s1 augment Ps1.wa P s1.ts Ps1.bs
9.748 31.938 6.733 29.202 9.748 31.938 10.425 21.12 7.195 18.63 10.425 21.12
6.208 24.515 2.13 13.075 3.583 10.987
7.38 16.26 0.665 8.06 3.575 7.28
3.522 17.799 13.417 1.315 5.565 1.223 4.74 11.87 8.165 0.29 3.705 1.56
1.624 11.501 23.518 3.851 17.209 4.643
2.65 7.71 14.685 4.16 11.395 5.36
0.473 5.586 29.49 5.354 24.231 6.712 1.09 3.765 18.545 6.09 16.035 7.66
M str1 0 0 31.363 5.858 26.594 7.406 kip ftMs1 0
0 19.765 6.65 17.595 8.43
0.329 5.351 29.49 5.354 24.309 6.731 0.77 3.445 18.545 6.09 16.085 7.68
1.233 10.975 23.518 3.851 17.36 4.688 1.94 7.045 14.685 4.16 11.495 5.41
2.636 16.822 13.417 1.315 5.794 1.286 3.45 10.765 8.165 0.29 3.855 1.63
4.493 22.86 2.13 13.075 3.494 10.86 5.07 14.595 0.665 8.06 3.475 7.18
6.733 29.202 6.733 29.202 9.631 31.773 7.095 18.63 7.195 18.63 10.295 20.99
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
9.389 4.175 14.766 3.06 13.821 4.068 6.31 2.99 9.35 3.4 9.13 4.52
8.418 3.47 12.495 2.385 11.052 3.249
5.62 2.695 7.85 2.52 7.3 3.61
7.497 2.548 10.319 1.639 8.284 2.43 4.97 2.425 6.43 1.47 5.47 2.7
6.803 1.681 8.149 0.059 5.529 1.62
4.515 2.02 5.01 0.32 3.65 1.8
6.407 0.894 5.973 1.745 2.773 0.81 4.295 1.47 3.59 0.82 1.83 0.9
V str1 2.999 8.329 3.815 3.815 0.105 0.105 kip V s1 2.125 5.43 2.18 2.18 0.06 0.06 kip
1.641 6.761 1.745 5.973 0.81 2.773 1.765 4.31 0.82 3.59 0.9 1.83
1.294 6.402 0.059 8.149 1.62 5.529 1.5 4.085 0.32 5.01 1.8 3.65
1.837 6.853 1.639 10.319 2.43 8.284 1.695 4.39 1.47 6.43 2.7 5.47
2.3 7.315 2.385 12.495 3.249 11.052 1.795 4.7 2.52 7.85 3.61 7.3
2.55 7.706 3.06 14.766 4.068 13.821 1.875 4.96 3.4 9.35 4.52 9.13
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 8.958 ft Design_Span 16.833 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
jmax last( vector) jmax last( vector)
jj1 jj1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j jmax break if j jmax
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h1 h2 t1 t2 for h h1 h2
for t t1 t2
CS t Ltrace
lt
Pert
Ltrace Ltrace
h t l t
Intforce Pert Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
t h h t lt l t
Intforce
M str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M str1 1 2 1 4
V str1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V str1 1 2 1 4
M str1.ts Intforce CS moment Lts Mstr1 3 4 5 7 V str1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
M str1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mstr1 5 6 8 10 V str1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vstr1 5 6 8 10
M s1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M s1 1 2 1 4 V s1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V s1 1 2 1 4
M s1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M s1 3 4 5 7 V s1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V s1 3 4 5 7
M s1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 V s1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vs1 5 6 8 10
P str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa P str1 1 2 1 4
M str1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
V str1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
P str1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
M s1.all stack M s1.wall submatrix M s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
V s1.all stack V s1.wall submatrix V s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
P s1.all stack P s1.wall submatrix P s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
M sr1 Mst for g 1 10
P sr1 Pst for g 1 10
Caseg 2 if Section T
g = "Neg" Caseg
2 if Section
T
g = "Neg"
1 otherwise
1 otherwise
P str P st
M str M st
g
g Case
g
g Case
g
g
P str 1
M str
V sr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
M d.bs M bs γDC M bs γEV Mbs γDW M bs γEH M p.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
M d stack M p.wall submatrix M p.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix M p.bs 8 10 1 1
10.346 "BOT"
0 "MID +"
1.556 "MID -" exterior wall
7.302 "TOP" -------------------
7.081 "LT"
Md kip ft
8.597 "MID" top slab
7.081 "RT"
-------------------
10.238 "LT"
10.784 "MID"
bottom slab
10.087 "RT"
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
2.0 0.33
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 120000ksi K 1 Ec 4592.23 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
emin max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
M str1
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
T
M str1 ( 26.068 0 5.586 23.892 23.614 31.363 23.614 24.159 26.594 24.008 ) kip ft
k Ht
slender check if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slender check "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Md
q T
β d if M str1 0.0 β d ( 0.397 0 0.278 0.306 )
q Mstr1 q
q
0.0 otherwise
3
twa b Ec Ig
Cm 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.6.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
2
π EIq
P c T
P c ( 352.069 491.792 384.674 376.669 ) kip
q 2
k Ht
Cm
δq min 1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
7 "BOT" 11
6 "MID +" 18
5 "MID -" exterior wall 11
7 "TOP" ------------------- 11
7 "LT" 11 in
BarNO spacing
7 "MID" top slab 10 ft
7 "RT" 11
-------------------
7 "LT" 11
5 "MID" bottom slab 6
7 "RT" 11
BarA BarASBarNO T 2
i i BarA ( 0.6 0.44 0.31 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.31 0.6 ) in
BarD BarDBBarNO T
i i BarD ( 0.875 0.75 0.625 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.625 0.875 ) in
Effective Depth to the non-prestressed reinforcing (LRFD 5.6.3.2.2)
BarD
i T
ds hi coveri ds ( 8.563 8.625 8.688 8.563 9.562 10.562 9.562 9.563 9.688 9.563 ) in
i 2
BarD
dc min coveri 2 in
i T
dc ( 1.438 1.375 1.313 1.438 2.438 1.438 2.438 1.438 1.313 1.438 ) in
i 2
Coefficient of Flexural Resistance and reinforcement ratio
fc' 4 ksi
β 1 if fc' 4 ksi 0.85 if fc' 8 ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05 β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.6.2.2)
ksi
Mstr1
i T
Rn Rn ( 0.356 0 0.074 0.326 0.258 0.281 0.258 0.264 0.283 0.263 ) ksi
i 2
ϕf b ds
i
BarA
i
sp req if A s_req 0.0
i A s_req i
i
spacing i otherwise
T in
sp req ( 11.307 18 28.673 12.386 14.121 11.709 14.121 13.792 6.542 13.881 )
ft
T
csp if sp req spacing i "OK" "NG" csp ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
In Eriksson Culvert an iterative loop is performed using the area of steel required checking the allowable moment capacity
against the design moment required. This loop therefore increases the area of steel required until this check is satisfied.
This process the is shown below.
A s.req_new( i) A s_req2 As_req
i
M a 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2 2
A s_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if A s_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β 1 c
M n2 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
P o2 0.85 fc' b hi As_req A s_req2 fy
P tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds A s_req2 fy
i
hi hi
M tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds A s_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s_req2 fy ds
i 2
Po2 Nstr1
i
M n.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.96 0.43 0.5 0.96 0.96 1.06 0.96 0.96 0.91 0.96 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003 T
εt ( 0.024 0.057 0.049 0.024 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.029 0.027 )
i ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.6.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
ai β 1 ci T
a ( 0.77 0.35 0.4 0.77 0.77 0.85 0.77 0.77 0.73 0.77 ) in
ai
M n As fy ds T
i i i 2 M n ( 26.76 12.4 14.35 26.76 30.04 36.5 30.04 30.04 28.9 30.04 ) kip ft
T
M r ϕf M n M r ( 26.76 12.4 14.35 26.76 30.04 36.5 30.04 30.04 28.9 30.04 ) kip ft
i i
T
M tc ( 52.223 46.074 47.184 52.223 67.324 75.891 67.324 62.864 62.966 62.864 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
i hi
ab β 1 P cc 0.85 fc' b ab A s fy M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s fy ds
i 0.003 Es fy i i i i i i i i 2
T
P cc ( 167.49 190.67 189.49 167.49 191.63 211.85 191.63 191.63 196.72 191.63 ) kip
T
M cc ( 62.88 56.66 57.69 62.88 83.55 90.8 83.55 75.57 75.49 75.57 ) kip ft
M tc otherwise
i
M a ϕi Mn.all T
i i M a ( 27.77 11.97 16.79 27.77 29.45 33.57 29.45 29.60 27.07 29.60 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.24ksi λ (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.537 ksi
ksi
3
b hi
Gross Moment of Inertia: Ig
i 12
Ig
Distance to Extreme: hi i
yi Section Modulus: S c
Neutral Axis 2 i yi
Flexural cracking
γ1 1.6 Yield to ultimate ratio: γ3 0.67 (LRFD 5.6.3.3)
variability factor
Cracking moment
M cr γ3 γ1 fr S c
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 M cr 1.33 M str1 "OK" "NG"
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1 i i
ρi n (LRFD 5.6.1) n 6.315
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
M s1.abs M s1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei 1
ei max 1.15 ds
i
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i12.11.3
N s1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs Ns1 ds 700 in γe
i i 2
fss min i
0.60fy (LRFD C.12.11.3) s max1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 ds i fss i (LRFD 5.6.7)
i i i βs
i
i ksi
T
fss ( 34.408 1.462 7.683 29.589 31.015 9.122 31.015 29.011 36 28.758 ) ksi
T
s max1 ( 13.53 387.34 72.31 16.21 11.67 61.37 11.67 16.99 13.67 17.16 ) in
T
s max min smax1 s max2 s max ( 13.5 15 15 15 11.7 18 11.7 16.5 13.7 16.5 ) in
i i i
Effective depth ds N s1
dr in Applied Axial Load P r kip
in kip
Steel Centroid to
dc.r dc
tension fiber
Guess x 3
Given
hr hr As.r hr A s.r
3 i 2 i i i i
P r dr x 3 Mr P r dr 3 P r dr x 6 n Mr P r dr x 6 n M r Pr dr =0
i i i i i 2 i i i i i 2 br dr i i i 2 br dr
i i
hr
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss fc n 1
3 i br xi dr j i dr i i xi
i i
T
fc ( 2.11 0.038 0.502 1.863 1.513 1.633 1.513 1.634 1.793 1.622 ) ksi
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.6
1.3 b hts
ii
A s.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.6)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.5.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
hts max tts tbs twa A s.ts.req 0.002 hts b A s.ts.req 0.288 in
2
Check Temperature and Shrinkage Steel Requirement per LRFD 5.10.6-1 and LRFD 5.10.6-2
ii
check5.10.8_1 if A s.ts.req 1 ft As.ts ii "OK" "NG" T
check5.10.8_1 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
BarA.ds BarASBarNO.ds T 2
iii iii BarA.ds ( 0.2 0.2 ) in
BarA.ds 2
iii T in
A s.ds A s.ds ( 0.24 0.2 )
iii spacing ds ft
iii
1
A s.req As min 0.50 As if Hs 2 ft
(LRFD 9.7.3.2)
Clear_Span twa
ft
0.2% hts b otherwise
fc'
V c.5.7.3.3 min0.25λ fc' b dv 0.0316ksi β λ b dv (LRFD 5.7.3.3)
i i ksi i
V c if H s 2.0ft V c.5.12.7.3 Vc.5.7.3.3
T
V c ( 13.868 14.334 14.395 13.868 15.563 17.194 15.563 15.563 15.81 15.563 ) kip
V r Vc ϕv λ
i i
Note: Top slab is in tension at midspan and iterative beta method will be used, calculation for this will be shown in a
following verification problem Vr 13.85 kip
6
T
V r ( 12.48 12.90 12.96 12.48 14.01 13.85 14.01 14.01 14.23 14.01 ) kip
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflection point.h 22.75 in Inflection point.v 5.28in
Coating factor Mod ep if spacing ft 3 BarD 1.5 if clear 6 BarD 1.5 1.2 Mod ep 1.2
4 4
4 4
Excess A s.req_new( 4 )
reinforcement Mod as Mod as 0.903
factor As
4
2 Atr
Transverse in in
A tr 0.20 s tr 12 ntr 1.0 ktr 40 0.667 in
reinforcement ft ft str ntr
index
BarD
4
cb min coverte min ( spacing ft) 2.438 in
2
BarD
Confinement
4
Mod c min max 0.4 1.0 0.4 Mod c 0.4
c k
factor b tr
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 31.763 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span ds (LRFD 5.10.8.2.1c) Exlength 31.763 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflection point.h Cutoffh 4.543 ft
Moment capacity:
As7 fy
cAs7 0.294 in
Depth of neutral axis: 0.85 fc' β1 b
BarDB BarAs7
dAs7 tts cover te 9.75 in
Depth of steel: 2
dAs7 cAs7
Strain in steel: εt.As7 0.003 0.096
cAs7
cAs7
Strain check: cy.As7 if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" "OK"
dAs7
aAs7
Moment capacity: M n.As7 As7 fy dAs7 9.632 kip ft
2
Mr.As7 Mstr1.top.slab
Location where As7 takeover: As7_takeover 1
2 0.1 Design_Span 2.043 ft
M str1.top.slab Mstr1.top.slab
2 1
Development of As7:
Mod ep if spacing 12.0ft 6 BarD 1.5 if cover te 3 BarD 1.5 if cover we 3 BarD 1.5 1.2 1.5
4 4 4 4
Spacing: Mod s if spacing ft 6 in 1 if clear 3 BarD 1 0.8 0.8
4 4
4
Condition Factor ψc 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.3) System factor ψs 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.4)
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
M rat.wa Intforce CSmoment Lwa M wa 1 8 1 4
V rat.wa Intforce CSshear Lwa V wa 1 8 1 4
M rat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M ts 1 8 5 7 V rat.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V ts 1 8 5 7
M rat.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mbs 1 8 8 10 V rat.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vbs 1 8 8 10
M rat.all stack M rat.wa submatrix M rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 8 10 1 8
V rat.all stack V rat.wa submatrix V rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 8 10 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 10
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci Ci
LL i if Section i = "Neg" Intf Intf
T
i 8 i 7
LL mod if LL i = 0 0.0001kip ft LL i
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 3 if γLL
i γLL Intf
i 5
99.99 otherwise
RF tot augment RF 1 RF2 RF 3
T i
RF min minRFtot
i
RF min
Inventory Rating (IR)
T
IRshear RFs Cshear Vrat.all γLL IRshear ( 1.98 36.06 1.95 2.30 1.08 3.63 1.08 1.29 99.99 1.29 )
T
OR moment RF Cmoment M rat.all γLL.OR OR moment ( 1.44 99.99 5.25 1.6 1.75 1.42 1.75 1.8 1.34 1.82 )
T
OR shear RFs Cshear V rat.all γLL.OR OR shear ( 2.56 46.74 2.53 2.98 1.4 4.71 1.4 1.68 99.99 1.68 )
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Steel Reinforcing Requirement
2
Flexural Steel Requirement (in /ft)
Top Slab-Bar A100 1.389 1.379 0.7%
Bottom Slab-Bar A200 0.729 0.721 1.1%
5.10.8 Temperature and Shrinkage (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar CE1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Ext. Walls and Bottom Slab-Bar C1 0.288 0.288 0.0%
9.7.3.2 Distribution Steel (in2/ft)
Top Slab-Bar C100 0.288 0.288 0.0%
Load Rating
MBE 6A.4.2.1
A100-Flexure Inventory Rating 1.05 1.06 -0.9%
A100-Flexure Operating Rating 1.36 1.37 -0.7%
A200- Flexure Inventory Rating 1.06 1.08 -1.9%
Bottom Slab LT-Shear Inventory Rating 1.31 1.29 1.6%
Physical Dimensions
Clear Span: 16'-0"
Clear Height: 8'-0"
Top Slab: 1'-0"
Bottom Slab: 11"
Ext. Wall: 10" z
Fill Depth: 1.99 ft
8'-0"
x
Length: 8'-0"
Skew Angle: 0.00 deg
Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Top Haunch, Width: 0"
Top Haunch, Height: 0"
Bottom Haunch, Width: 0"
Bottom Haunch, Height: 0" 17'-8"
Material Properties
Concrete
Strength, f'c: 5.000 ksi
Density: 0.150 kcf Plan View
Elasticity, Ec: 4287 ksi
Type: Normal wt
Steel
Yield, fy: 60 ksi
1'-0"
Allow Stress: 36 ksi
Elasticity, Es: 29000 ksi
Soil
Density: 0.120 kcf
Exposure Factor
y
Class 1 Exposure
8'-0"
Reinforcement Covers x
Ext. Cover Top Slab: 2"
Ext. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
Ext. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Cover Walls 1"
Int. Top Slab 1"
Int. Cover Bottom Slab 1"
11"
Loads 10" 16'-0" 10"
Live Load
Vehicle Names: HL-93
Traffic Direction: Parallel
Eq. Height of Soil: 2.00 ft (Entered) Typical Section
Max No. of Lanes: 1
Dead Load
Future Wearing Surface: 0.000 klf
Additional Dead Load: 0.000 klf
Concentrated Loads: none
Lateral Soil Loads
Eq. Fluid Press. Max: 60.00 pcf
Eq. Fluid Press. Min: 30.00 pcf
Consider Int. Water Press.: no
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
Concrete Summary
Volume of Concrete: 1.748 cy/ft Total Volume of Concrete: 13.984 cy
1'-4" 11 CE1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4" 1'-4" 11 C100 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-4"
1'-2 1/2" 6 C1 Bars @ 1'-6" 1'-2 1/2"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
3"
3"
4"
4"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
6 B1 Bars @ 1'-6"
9 B2 Bars @ 11"
9 B2 Bars @ 11"
4"
4"
3"
3"
Ext. Wall Reinf. Int. Wall Reinf.
1/2"
3" 6 AE300 Bars @ 1'-6" 3"
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
4"
4"
4"
9 AE1 Bars @ 11"
9 A2 Bars @ 11"
9 A2 Bars @ 11"
4"
4"
4"
4"
Top Slab Corner Reinf. Bottom Slab Corner Reinf.
Eriksson Culvert - Analysis and design of culverts, version 4.03 Copyright © 2010-2019 Eriksson Software, Inc.(eriktech.com)
CULVERT PROPERTIES
==================
Type of Culvert: Precast Specification : LRFD 8th Edition
Operating Mode : Design
Physical Dimensions
-------------------
No. of Boxes: 1 Name: BoxCulvert
Clear Span : 16.0000 ft Fill Depth : 1.99 ft
Clear Height: 8.0000 ft Skew Angle : 0.00 deg
Length : 8.0000 ft Bottom Slab Support: Full Slab
Haunches: Top, Length: 0.0000 in Height: 0.0000 in
Bottom, Length: 0.0000 in Height: 0.0000 in
Minimum Thicknesses: Top Slab: 12.0000 in Bot Slab: 11.0000 in
Ext Wall: 10.0000 in
Wall Joint: Top
Material Properties
-------------------
Concrete, Bot: Strength: 5.000 ksi Density: 0.150 kcf Elasticity: 4287 ksi
Concrete, Top: Strength: 5.000 ksi Density: 0.150 kcf Elasticity: 4287 ksi
Concrete, All: Type: Normal Weight Density Modification Factor : 1.00
Fr Factor : 0.24 Gamma1 : 1.60 Gamma3 : 1.00
Steel: Yield,fy : 60.00 ksi fss Limit : 0.6fy Elasticity,Es: 29000 ksi
Yield,fyv : 60.00 ksi Diameter : 1.000 in Type : Rebar
Soil: Density : 0.120 kcf Slope Factor: 1.150 (B1 Installation)
Poisson's : 0.5
Fe Factor : 1.150 (Maximum for Compacted Fill)
Serviceability, Gamma-e: 1.00
Loads
-----
Live Load: Vehicle: (AA) HL-93 - Design Vehicle
Axle No. Weight(k) Dist. From Previous(ft)
1 8.00 0.00
2 32.00 14.00
3 32.00 14.00
Gage Width: 6.00 ft, Tread Width: 20.00 in, Tread Length: 10.00 in
Include Tandem: yes
Tandem: Axle 1: 25.00 k, Axle 2: 25.00 k, Axle Spacing: 4.00 ft
Lane Load: 0.64 klf, P-Moment: 0.00 k, P-Shear: 0.00 k
Combine: Truck + Lane Or Tandem + Lane
Inventory Rating Load Factor: 1.75 Operating Rating Load Factor: 1.35
Design Load Combinations: Strength I
Override MPF: no
Override DLA: no
Include Lane Load : no Max. No. of Lanes: Computed by Program
Traffic Direction : Lanes Parallel to Main Reinforcement
Neglect Live Load for Large Fill Depths: yes
Apply Surcharge at Fill Depths > 2 ft : no
Compute Surcharge Depth: no Surcharge Depth : 2.00 ft
Dead Load: Future Wearing Surface : 0.00 klf Add. Dead Load : 0.00 klf
Concentrated Loads : none
Lateral Soil Loads: Max. Equiv. Fluid Press.: 60.00 pcf Min. Equiv. Fluid Press. : 30.00 pcf
Buoyancy Check : no
Fluid Pressures: Apply Water Press. : no
Load and Resistance Factors
---------------------------
Max Min
DC: 1.250 0.900
DW: 1.500 0.650
EV: 1.300 0.900
EH: 1.350 0.900
WA: 1.000
EQ: 1.000
LL I : 1.750 LL II : 1.350
Ductility: 1.000 Importance: 1.000 Redundancy, non-earth: 1.000 Redundancy, earth: 1.000
Condition: 1.000 System : 1.000
Phi Shear: 0.900 Phi Moment: 1.000 PM Compression: 0.750 PM Tension : 0.900
Load Factor Multipliers, Design Mode: 1.00 Analysis Mode: 1.00
Reinforcement
-------------
Reinforcement Covers : Exterior Interior
Unfactored Moments due to All Loads: (k-ft) Unfactored Shears due to All Loads: (k)
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
M-PT Mdc Mev Mdw Meh Mls Mwa M-PT Vdc Vev Vdw Veh Vls Vwa
Member 1: (Exterior Wall) Member 1: (Exterior Wall)
Bottom Bottom
1- 0 -4.53 -3.91 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 1- 0 0.51 0.44 0.00 2.43 0.58 0.00
1- 1 -4.08 -3.52 0.00 0.52 0.09 0.00 1- 1 0.51 0.44 0.00 1.84 0.47 0.00
1- 2 -3.63 -3.13 0.00 1.92 0.46 0.00 1- 2 0.51 0.44 0.00 1.30 0.37 0.00
1- 3 -3.17 -2.74 0.00 2.86 0.74 0.00 1- 3 0.51 0.44 0.00 0.80 0.26 0.00
1- 4 -2.72 -2.35 0.00 3.38 0.92 0.00 1- 4 0.51 0.44 0.00 0.35 0.15 0.00
1- 5 -2.27 -1.96 0.00 3.51 1.01 0.00 1- 5 0.51 0.44 0.00 -0.04 0.04 0.00
1- 6 -1.81 -1.56 0.00 3.32 1.00 0.00 1- 6 0.51 0.44 0.00 -0.40 -0.06 0.00
1- 7 -1.36 -1.17 0.00 2.83 0.90 0.00 1- 7 0.51 0.44 0.00 -0.70 -0.17 0.00
1- 8 -0.91 -0.78 0.00 2.09 0.69 0.00 1- 8 0.51 0.44 0.00 -0.95 -0.28 0.00
1- 9 -0.45 -0.39 0.00 1.14 0.39 0.00 1- 9 0.51 0.44 0.00 -1.16 -0.39 0.00
1-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 1-10 0.51 0.44 0.00 -1.32 -0.49 0.00
Top Top
Member 2: (Top Slab) Member 2: (Top Slab)
Left Left
2- 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 0 1.26 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 1 1.91 3.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 1 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 2 3.40 5.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 2 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 3 4.46 7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 3 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 4 5.10 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 4 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 5 5.31 8.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 6 5.10 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 6 -0.25 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 7 4.46 7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 7 -0.50 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 8 3.40 5.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 8 -0.76 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2- 9 1.91 3.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2- 9 -1.01 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2-10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2-10 -1.26 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Member 4: (Bottom Slab) Member 4: (Bottom Slab)
Left Left
4- 0 -4.53 -3.91 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 0 2.38 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 1 -0.93 -0.80 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 1 1.91 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 2 1.88 1.62 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 2 1.43 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 3 3.89 3.35 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 3 0.95 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 4 5.09 4.39 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 4 0.48 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 5 5.49 4.74 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 6 5.09 4.39 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 6 -0.48 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 7 3.89 3.35 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 7 -0.95 -0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 8 1.88 1.62 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 8 -1.43 -1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4- 9 -0.93 -0.80 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4- 9 -1.91 -1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4-10 -4.53 -3.91 0.00 -1.40 -0.39 0.00 4-10 -2.38 -2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Right Right
Unfactored Thrusts due to All Loads: (k)
-----------------------------------
Member Pdc Pev Pdw Peh Pls Pwa
1 1.26 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 -0.51 -0.44 0.00 1.32 0.49 0.00
4 0.51 0.44 0.00 2.43 0.58 0.00
------------------------------------------ Analysis Truck, HL-93 --------------------------------------
Vehicle Axle Weight Length Dist. From
No. (k/ft) (ft) Previous (ft)
Truck 1 0.387 3.12
2 1.547 3.12 14.00
3 1.547 3.12 14.00
Tandem 1 1.209 3.12
1.1 Input
1.2 Preliminary Check
1.3 Loads
1.4 Unfactored Internal Member Forces
1.5 Factored Internal Member Forces
1.6 Critical Sections Moment and Shear
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
1.8 Service Stress Check
1.9 Temperature and Distribution Steel Check
1.10 Shear Strength Check
1.11 Bar Cutoff Analysis
1.12 Fatigue Analysis
1.13 Deflection Check
1.14 Load Rating
1.1 Input
Materials: Box Concrete: fc' 5 ksi w c 0.150 kcf Exposure "Class 1"
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 107.5 in
Design_Span
18
tts c12.11.2.1 "Edge Beam Not-Required"
2
single haunch: th
w dha wc 1 ft w dha 0 kip
weight 2
wall weight w wall twa w c 1 ft w wall 0.125 klf
Distributed Load on bottom slab is all vertical load from the top slab and walls
1 kip
w bottom wdts Design_Span 2 w wall Design_Height Design_Span
w bottom 0.283
ft
Soil-Structure : Hs
F e min1 0.2 1.15 if Fill_type = "compacted"
Interaction Factor Bc
F e 1.023
H
min1 0.2 1.4 otherwise
s
Bc (LRFD 12.11.2.2)
kip
w e Fe γs Hs 1 ft w e 0.244
ft
Horizontal Earth: Horizontal Soil Earth Load at the top and bottom of the wall according to the Equivalent
Load (EH) Fluid Method in provision 3.11.5.5. Two cases considered with minimum and maximum
pressures
Minimum Case
kip
w eh_top_min γsmin Hs 1 ft w eh_top_min 0.06
ft
kip
w eh_bot_min γsmin H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_min 0.343
ft
Maximum Case
kip
w eh_top_max γsmax Hs 1 ft w eh_top_max 0.119
ft
kip
w eh_bot_max γsmax H s tts Ht 0.5tbs 1 ft w eh_bot_max 0.687
ft
Figure 2: Cross section of box culvert with Static Loading Diagram
Hs
DLA 0.33 1 0.125 DLA 24.791 % (LRFD 3.6.2.2)
ft
1.2
1.00
MPF Wheel_Gage 6 ft
0.85 Tire_Length 10in
Lane_Sep 4 ft Fill_SlopeLRFD 1.15
0.65 Tire_Width 20in
(LRFD 3.6.1.2.6) (LRFD 3.6.1.2.5)
(LRFD Table 3.6.1.1.2-1) (LRFD 3.6.1.3.1)
Eperp min2 L 96in 1.44in
Clear_Span
(LRFD 4.6.2.10.2-1)
Eperp 9.92 ft
ft
Distribution width Parallel to Span:
DisWid Eperp
qq
Axleload
otherwise
for qq 1 NLanes
DisWid Eperp
qq q
For fill depths less than 2ft article (LRFD C4.6.2.10.2) the load length parallel to span in equation (4.6.2.10.2-2) may be
conservatively neglected and the load can be analyzed as a distributed line load beneath the wheels of each design vehicle
which is the default in Eriksson Culvert. This action can be removed and the distribution through the fill may be kept be
selecting to always distribute wheel load under the analysis option dialog box.
P axle naxle w axle for q 1 naxle
WTruck Waxle Paxle.Truck SPaxle.Truck naxle.Truck T
WTruck ( 0.387 1.547 1.547 ) ksf
P truck Paxle naxle.Truck WTruck T
P truck ( 1.208 4.831 4.831 ) klf
Tandem:
Wtandem Waxle Paxle.Tandem SPaxle.Tandem naxle.Tandem T
Wtandem ( 1.209 1.209 ) ksf
P tandem Paxle naxle.Tandem Wtandem T
P tandem ( 3.774 3.774 ) klf
Lane Loading:
Not applicable for box culverts under all spans
Bottom_Load naxle paxle augment for q 1 naxle
for q 1 naxle
q q
Ptop
q paxle
j
P top
q
reverse paxle j
j 1 j 1
Ptop P top
Wbot Wbot
q Design_Span q Design_Span
Truck: 0.072 0.287
Wbot.Truck Bottom_Load naxle.Truck Ptruck Wbot.Truck 0.359 0.574 ksf
0.646 0.646
Tandem:
Wbot.Tandem Bottom_Load naxle.Tandem P tandem Wbot.Tandem
0.224 0.224
ksf
0.448 0.448
Load Modifier:
ηmax max ηR ηI ηD 0.95 (LRFD 1.3.2.1-2)
ηmin min
1
1.0
(LRFD 1.3.2.1-3)
ηR ηI ηD
Load Factors: From the LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2. The minimum load factor for water pressure is taken as
zero to account for the case where the culvert is empty
γDC 1.25 γDW 1.50 γEV 1.30 γEH 1.35 γWA 1.00 γLL 1.75
γDC.min 0.90 γDW.min 0.65 γEV.min 0.90 γEH.min 0.90 γWA.min 0.00 γLS 1.75
T T
h ( 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 11 11 11 ) in cover ( 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 ) in
4.53 3.91 0.00 1.40 0.39 0.00 0.00 10.49 1.25 1.04 0.00 1.40 0.28 0.00 2.34 0.00
4.08 3.52 0.00 0.52 0.09 0.00 0.00 8.39
1.25 1.04 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.00 2.34 0.00
3.63 3.13 0.00 1.92 0.46 0.00 0.00 6.29 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.27 0.07 0.00 2.34 0.00
3.17 2.74 0.00 2.86 0.74 0.00 0.00 4.20
1.25 1.04 0.00 0.23 0.04 0.00 2.34 0.00
2.72 2.35 0.00 3.38 0.92 0.00 0.00 2.10 1.25 1.04 0.00 0.67 0.15 0.00 2.34 0.00
M wa 2.27 1.96 0.00 3.51 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 kip ft V wa 0.61
0.98 0.00 1.07 0.25 0.00 0.00 2.52 kip
1.81 1.56 0.00 3.32 1.00 0.00 0.00 2.26 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.35 0.15 0.00 0.00 2.52
1.36 1.17 0.00 2.83 0.90 0.00 0.00 4.52 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 2.52
0.91 0.78 0.00 2.09 0.69 0.00 0.00 6.78 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.21 0.07 0.00 0.00 2.52
0.45 0.39 0.00 1.14 0.39 0.00 0.20 9.04 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.41 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.52
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 11.29 0.61 0.98 0.00 0.57 0.28 0.00 0.00 2.52
Top Slab:
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.26 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.95 0.00
3.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.98 0.00 0.13
1.91 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20
3.40 5.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.90 0.00 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.44 0.52
4.46 7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.74 0.00
0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 1.00
5.10 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.93 1.48
M ts 5.31 8.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.22 0.00 kip ft V ts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 2.18 kip
5.10 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.25 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 2.93
4.46 7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.74 0.00 0.50 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3.69
3.40 5.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.90 0.00 0.76 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 4.44
1.91 3.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.98 0.00 1.01 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 5.20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.26 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.95
4.53 3.91 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 0.00 8.77 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61
0.00
0.93 0.80 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 0.00 1.79
1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 0.00
1.88 1.62 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 3.64 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77 0.00
3.89 3.35 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 7.52 0.00
0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.00
5.09 4.39 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 9.84 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00
M bs 5.49 4.74 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 10.62 0.00 kip ft V bs 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 kip
5.09 4.39 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 9.84 0.00 0.49 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93
3.89 3.35 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 7.52 0.00 0.98 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85
1.88 1.62 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 3.64 0.00 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77
0.93 0.80 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 0.00 1.79 1.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69
4.53 3.91 0.00 1.40 0.36 0.00 0.00 8.77 2.46 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.61
Str1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
C1 γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6
C2 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5 i 6 i 6 j
C3 γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cc augment C1 C2 C3
i i
minCcT
if j = 1 maxCc
T
Cp
i j
Comboi j if Cp = C1 1 if Cp = C2 2 3
i j i j i j i j
Combo
Cp γDC.min Intf γEV.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf if Ci j = 1
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4
γLS Intf γWA.min Intf
i 5 i 6
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γLS Intf if Ci j = 2
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 5
γWA.min Intf γLL Intf
i 6 i 6 j
γDC Intf γEV Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γWA Intf γLL Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m M ts 11
M str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m M wa 11
M str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m M bs 11
V str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.v V ts 11 V str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.v V wa 11 V str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.v V bs 11
P str1.ts Str1 TSstr1c.m P ts 11 P str1.wa Str1 WAstr1c.m P wa 11 P str1.bs Str1 BSstr1c.m P bs 11
Sv 1.c Intf i2 for j 1 2
for i 1 i2
γsmin
C3 Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf
i j i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
TSsv1c.m Sv1.c Mts 11
WAsv1c.m Sv1.c Mwa 11
BSsv1c.m Sv 1.c M bs 11
TSsv1c.v Sv 1.c V ts 11 WAsv1c.v Sv 1.c V wa 11 BSsv1c.v Sv1.c Vbs 11
γsmin
Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf Intf otherwise
i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 γsmax i 6 i 6 j
Cp
M s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m M ts 11
M s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m M wa 11
M s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Mbs 11
V s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.v Vts 11 V s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.v Vwa 11 V s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.v V bs 11
P s1.ts Sv 1 TSsv1c.m P ts 11 P s1.wa Sv 1 WAsv1c.m P wa 11 P s1.bs Sv 1 BSsv1c.m Pbs 11
M str1 augment M str1.wa M str1.ts M str1.bs
M s1 augment Ms1.wa M s1.ts Ms1.bs
V str1 augment V str1.wa V str1.ts V str1.bs V s1 augment Vs1.wa V s1.ts Vs1.bs
P str1 augment P str1.wa P str1.ts P str1.bs P s1 augment Ps1.wa P s1.ts Ps1.bs
Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab Exterior Wall Top Slab Bottom Slab
+ Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear + Shear - Shear
9.389 4.175 14.666 2.988 13.821 4.068 6.31 2.99 9.27 3.32 9.13 4.52
8.418 3.47 12.495 2.385 11.052 3.249
5.62 2.695 7.85 2.52 7.3 3.61
7.497 2.548 10.319 1.639 8.284 2.43 4.97 2.425 6.43 1.47 5.47 2.7
6.803 1.681 8.149 0.059 5.529 1.62
4.515 2.02 5.01 0.32 3.65 1.8
6.407 0.894 5.973 1.745 2.773 0.81 4.295 1.47 3.59 0.82 1.83 0.9
V str1 2.999 8.329 3.815 3.815 0.105 0.105 kip V s1 2.125 5.43 2.18 2.18 0.06 0.06 kip
1.641 6.761 1.745 5.973 0.81 2.773 1.765 4.31 0.82 3.59 0.9 1.83
1.294 6.402 0.059 8.149 1.62 5.529 1.5 4.085 0.32 5.01 1.8 3.65
1.837 6.853 1.639 10.319 2.43 8.284 1.695 4.39 1.47 6.43 2.7 5.47
2.3 7.315 2.385 12.495 3.249 11.052 1.795 4.7 2.52 7.85 3.61 7.3
2.55 7.706 2.988 14.666 4.068 13.821 1.875 4.96 3.32 9.27 4.52 9.13
Design_Height H t 0.5 tbs tts Design_Height 8.958 ft Design_Span 16.833 ft i 1 10 j 1 11
Using each critical section the values of the moment,shear and axial force will be interpolated in the tenth point load
combination results.
LB( vector value) j 1 UB ( vector value) j 1
LB 1 UB 1
jmax last( vector) jmax last( vector)
jj1 jj1
LB j 1 UB j
break if j jmax break if j jmax
LB UB
Intforce CS L Intf h1 h2 t1 t2 for h h1 h2
for t t1 t2
CS t Ltrace
lt
Pert if Ltrace Ltrace 0.0
Ltrace Ltrace h t l t
h
t l t
CSt Ltracel
t
otherwise
in
Intforce Pert Intf trace h Intf trace h Intf trace h
V
t h ht lt lt
M str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M str1 1 2 1 4 str1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V str1 1 2 1 4
Int
M str1.ts Intforce CS moment Lts Mstr1force
3 4 5 7
V str1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts Vstr1 3 4 5 7
M str1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mstr1 5 6 8 10 V str1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vstr1 5 6 8 10
M s1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa M s1 1 2 1 4 V s1.wall Intforce CSshear Lwa V s1 1 2 1 4
M s1.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M s1 3 4 5 7 V s1.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V s1 3 4 5 7
M s1.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Ms1 5 6 8 10 V s1.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vs1 5 6 8 10
P str1.wall Intforce CSmoment Lwa P str1 1 2 1 4
M str1.all stack Mstr1.wall submatrix Mstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Mstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
V str1.all stack Vstr1.wall submatrix Vstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
P str1.all stack Pstr1.wall submatrix Pstr1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Pstr1.bs 8 10 5 6
M s1.all stack M s1.wall submatrix M s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ms1.bs 8 10 5 6
V s1.all stack V s1.wall submatrix V s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Vs1.bs 8 10 5 6
P s1.all stack P s1.wall submatrix P s1.ts 5 7 3 4 submatrix Ps1.bs 8 10 5 6
Both Positive and Negative Load Combinations are shown in the calculation above and each section is known to be
controlled by positive or negative moment, therefore the corresponding critical
Section ( "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" "Neg" "Pos" "Neg" )
M sr1 Mst for g 1 10
P sr1 Pst for g 1 10
Caseg 2 if Section T
g = "Neg" Caseg
2 if Section
T
g = "Neg"
1 otherwise
1 otherwise
P str P st
M str M st
g
g Case
g
g Case
g
g
P str 1
M str
V sr1 Vsr for g 1 10
Vstr max Vsr Vsr
g g 1 g 2
Vstr
M d.bs M bs γDC M bs γEV Mbs γDW M bs γEH M p.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Md.bs 1 1 8 10
j j 1 j 2 j 3 j 4
M d stack M p.wall submatrix M p.ts 5 7 1 1 submatrix M p.bs 8 10 1 1
12.465 "BOT"
0.647 "MID +"
1.892 "MID -" exterior wall
0.044 "TOP" -------------------
0 "LT"
Md kip ft
17.882 "MID" top slab
0 "RT"
-------------------
12.636 "LT"
11.135 "MID"
bottom slab
12.636 "RT"
1.7 Flexural Strength Check
2.0 0.33
wc fc'
Modulus of Elasticity: Ec 120000ksi K 1 Ec 4592.23 ksi (LRFD 5.4.2.4)
kcf ksi
1 ft design width: b 12in
Minimum eccentricity requirement
emin max 1 in 0.1 hi
i
M str1
cecc if emin "OK" "NG"
i
i i Nstr1
i
T
cecc ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "NG" "OK" "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
T
M str1 ( 31.313 2.699 7.088 19.395 0 60.268 0 28.613 30.349 28.613 ) kip ft
k Ht
slender check if 22 "OK Ignore Slenderness" "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
r
slender check "NG Slenderness effects must be considered"
q 1 4
Md
β d
q Mstr1
q
if M str1 0.0
q
T
β d 0.398 0.24 0.267 2.252 10
3
q
0.0 otherwise
3
twa b Ec Ig
Cm 1 Ig ϕk 0.75 EIq (LRFD 5.6.4.3-2)
12 2.5 1 βd
q
2
π EIq
P c T
P c ( 351.763 396.696 388.176 490.687 ) kip
q 2
k Ht
Cm
δq min 1.0 T
Nstr1 (LRFD 4.5.3.2.2) δ (1 1 1 1 )
1 q
ϕk Pc
q
7 "BOT" 11
6 "MID +" 18
6 "MID -" exterior wall 11
6 "TOP" ------------------- 11
6 "LT" 18 in
BarNO spacing
7 "MID" top slab 5 ft
6 "RT" 18
-------------------
7 "LT" 11
5 "MID" bottom slab 5
7 "RT" 11
BarA BarASBarNO T 2
i i BarA ( 0.6 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.6 0.44 0.6 0.31 0.6 ) in
BarD BarDBBarNO T
i i BarD ( 0.875 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.875 0.75 0.875 0.625 0.875 ) in
Effective Depth to the non-prestressed reinforcing (LRFD 5.6.3.2.2)
BarD
i T
ds hi coveri ds ( 8.563 8.625 8.625 8.625 9.625 10.562 9.625 9.563 9.688 9.563 ) in
i 2
BarD
dc min coveri 2 in
i T
dc ( 1.438 1.375 1.375 1.375 2.375 1.438 2.375 1.438 1.313 1.438 ) in
i 2
Coefficient of Flexural Resistance and reinforcement ratio
fc' 4 ksi
β 1 if fc' 4 ksi 0.85 if fc' 8 ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05 β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.6.2.2)
ksi
Mstr1
i T
Rn Rn ( 0.427 0.036 0.095 0.261 0 0.54 0 0.313 0.323 0.313 ) ksi
i 2
ϕf b ds
i
BarA
i
sp req if A s_req 0.0
i A s_req i
i
spacing i otherwise
T in
sp req ( 9.322 84.003 31.76 11.368 18 5.879 18 11.571 5.702 11.571 )
ft
T
csp if sp req spacing i "OK" "NG" csp ( "NG" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
i i
In Eriksson Culvert an iterative loop is performed using the area of steel required checking the allowable moment capacity
against the design moment required. This loop therefore increases the area of steel required until this check is satisfied.
This process the is shown below.
A s.req_new( i) A s_req2 As_req
i
M a 1 kip ft
while Ma Mstr1
i
2 2
A s_req2 As_req2 0.002 in if A s_req2 0.75in
2
As_req2 0.01in otherwise
As_req2 fy
c
0.85 fc' β1 b
β 1 c
M n2 As_req2 fy ds
i 2
P o2 0.85 fc' b hi As_req A s_req2 fy
P tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds A s_req2 fy
i
hi hi
M tc2 0.31875 fc' b β 1 ds 0.1875 β 1 ds A s_req2 fy ds
i 2 i i 2
0.003 Es ds
ab β 1
i
0.003 Es fy
hi
M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s_req2 fy ds
i 2
Po2 Nstr1
i
M n.all
P P Mcc if Nstr1i Pcc
o2 cc
Mtc2 Mcc
N P Mtc2 if Ptc2 N str1 Pcc
Ptc2 Pcc str1i tc2 i
As fy
i
ci T
0.85 fc' β1 b c ( 0.96 0.43 0.71 0.71 0.43 2.12 0.43 0.96 1.09 0.96 ) in
ds ci
i
εt 0.003 T
εt ( 0.024 0.057 0.034 0.034 0.064 0.012 0.064 0.027 0.024 0.027 )
i ci
ci
cy if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" (LRFD 5.6.2.1)
i ds
i
T
cy ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Compute the allowable Moment capacity based on a P-M diagram. Four Points exist on the curve and a
straight line assumption is used to determine the allowable moment capacity.
ai β 1 ci T
a ( 0.77 0.35 0.56 0.56 0.35 1.69 0.35 0.77 0.88 0.77 ) in
ai
M n As fy ds T
i i i 2 M n ( 26.76 12.4 20.02 20.02 13.86 69.95 13.86 30.04 34.41 30.04 ) kip ft
T
M r ϕf M n M r ( 26.76 12.4 20.02 20.02 13.86 69.95 13.86 30.04 34.41 30.04 ) kip ft
i i
T
M tc ( 52.223 46.074 49.457 49.457 61.23 92.316 61.23 62.864 65.563 62.864 ) kip ft
0.003 Es ds
i hi
ab β 1 P cc 0.85 fc' b ab A s fy M cc 0.85 fc' b ab hi ab 0.5 A s fy ds
i 0.003 Es fy i i i i i i i i 2
T
P cc ( 167.49 190.67 179.47 179.47 214.81 168.65 214.81 191.63 189.28 191.63 ) kip
T
M cc ( 62.88 56.66 60.04 60.04 77.39 107.23 77.39 75.57 78.09 75.57 ) kip ft
M tc otherwise
i
M a ϕi Mn.all T
i i M a ( 27.23 11.95 21.25 21.25 12.42 62.75 12.42 29.67 31.89 29.67 ) kip ft
fc'
Modulus of Rupture: fr 0.24ksi λ (LRFD 5.4.2.6) fr 0.537 ksi
ksi
3
b hi
Gross Moment of Inertia: Ig
i 12
Ig
Distance to Extreme: hi i
yi Section Modulus: S c
Neutral Axis 2 i yi
Flexural cracking
γ1 1.6 Yield to ultimate ratio: γ3 0.67 (LRFD 5.6.3.3)
variability factor
Cracking moment
M cr γ3 γ1 fr S c
c3.3.2 if Ma min1.2 M cr 1.33 M str1 "OK" "NG"
i i i i
T
c3.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
Steel is provided in two faces so half of the requirement is used for each check
As
i
c4.3.2 if 0.001 "OK" "NG" (LRFD 12.11.4.3.2)
i b hi
T
c4.3.2 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" "OK" )
dc As Es
β s 1 i i
ρi n (LRFD 5.6.1) n 6.315
i 0.7hi dc b ds Ec
i i
We will compute the tensile stress (fss) at service load state considering the effects of axial thrust stresses using the
AASHTO simplified method. However the program Eriksson Culvert computes this value based on the equilibrium
equation for each section. This equation is then solved by iterating the equilibrium equation using the Newton-Ralphson
Method (rigorous method). To show the process of the program this method will also be performed to compare exact
results from Eriksson Culvert.
M s1.abs M s1
Simplified Method i i
Ms1.abs
hi
ei 1
ei max 1.15 ds
i
ds j i min0.9 0.74 0.1 i12.11.3
N s1 i 2 i ds i ds
i i i
1 j i e
i
hi
Ms1.abs Ns1 ds 700 in γe
i i 2
fss min i
0.60fy (LRFD C.12.11.3) s max1 2 dc
i As j i i12.11.3 ds i fss i (LRFD 5.6.7)
i i i βs
i
i ksi
T
fss ( 36 1.84 9.371 26.806 0.285 8.971 0.285 35.353 35.764 35.353 ) ksi
T
s max1 12.81 307.14 58.09 18.52 1.82 10
3
62.45 1.82 10
3
13.42 13.77 13.42 in
s max2 min 1.5 hi 18in
i (LRFD 5.10.3.2)
Effective depth ds N s1
dr in Applied Axial Load P r kip
in kip
Steel Centroid to
dc.r dc
tension fiber
Guess x 3
Given
hr hr As.r hr A s.r
3 i 2 i i i i
P r dr x 3 Mr P r dr 3 P r dr x 6 n Mr P r dr x 6 n M r Pr dr =0
i i i i i 2 i i i i i 2 br dr i i i 2 br dr
i i
T
x ( 0.275 1.363 0.334 0.266 1.861 0.312 1.861 0.261 0.255 0.261
in )
hr
i
2 ksiMr Pr dr
xi i i i 2 1
j i 1 fc fss fc n 1
3 i br xi dr j i dr i i xi
i i
T
fc 2.499 0.047 0.717 1.504 6.831 10
3
2.431 6.831 10
3
1.938 1.907 1.938 ksi
dc.r 700 in γe
β s.r 1
i s max.r 2 dc.r (LRFD 5.6.7)
i 0.7hr in dc.r i fss i
i i
β s.r
i
i ksi
Summary of the rigorous stress
calculation results. These T
fss ( 41.61 0.08 9.02 26.26 0.02 33.88 0.02 34.71 35.13 34.71 ) ksi
results differ from the simple
calculation provided in AASHTO
by 1-2% typically.
T
s max.r 10.69 7253.89 60.49 18.96 2.59 10
4
14.42 2.59 10
4
13.73 14.07 13.73
Required Area of Temperature and shrinkage steel in each face in Article 5.10.6
1.3 b hts
ii
A s.ts.req
ii b hts (LRFD 5.10.6)
fy
2
ii
in ksi
These provisions do not apply to precast box culverts that are cast in segmented lengths less than 16ft according to Article
12.11.5.3.2. Therefore Eriksson Culvert uses 0.2% of the gross cross sectional area in this calculation and utilizes the
largest gross cross sectional area for all segments of the culvert. This area of reinforcing is placed in both faces of the
element or 0.1% per face.
hts max tts tbs twa A s.ts.req 0.002 hts b A s.ts.req 0.288 in
2
Check Temperature and Shrinkage Steel Requirement per LRFD 5.10.6-1 and LRFD 5.10.6-2
ii
check5.10.8_1 if A s.ts.req 1 ft As.ts ii "OK" "NG" T
check5.10.8_1 ( "OK" "OK" "OK" )
BarA.ds BarASBarNO.ds T 2
iii iii BarA.ds ( 0.2 0.2 ) in
BarA.ds 2
iii T in
A s.ds A s.ds ( 0.24 0.2 )
iii spacing ds ft
iii
1
A s.req As min 0.50 As if Hs 2 ft
(LRFD 9.7.3.2)
Clear_Span twa
ft
0.2% hts b otherwise
fc'
V c.5.7.3.3 min0.25λ fc' b dv 0.0316ksi β λ b dv (LRFD 5.7.3.3)
i i ksi i
V c if H s 2.0ft V c.5.12.7.3 Vc.5.7.3.3
T
V c ( 13.868 14.334 14.148 14.148 16.03 16.476 16.03 15.563 15.686 15.563 ) kip
V r Vc ϕv λ
i i
Note: Top slab is in tension at midspan and iterative beta method will be used, calculation for this will be shown in a
following verification problem Vr 13.85 kip
6
T
V r ( 12.48 12.90 12.73 12.73 14.43 13.85 14.43 14.01 14.12 14.01 ) kip
An initial estimate is obtained from the inflection point of the moment diagrams for the maximum negative moment
envelope. However, Eriksson Culvert continues all positive and negative moment reinforcing steel besides the corner bars
to the end of each span. Therefore only the corner bar cutoff location is required and will be calculated. A horizontal and
vertical cutoff distance is required for all corner bars. Distances are measured from the centerline of the exterior wall and
top slab. For the vertical corner bar cutoff, the distance to the location where the moment demand falls below the
capacity of the exterior wall reinforcing Steel (B2) is determined and the appropriate splice length is added.
Inflection point from Negative Moment Envelope Inflection point.h 22.75 in Inflection point.v 5.28in
Coating factor Mod ep if spacing ft 3 BarD 1.5 if clear 6 BarD 1.5 1.2 Mod ep 1.2
4 4
4 4
Excess A s.req_new( 4 )
reinforcement Mod as Mod as 0.988
factor As
4
2 Atr
Transverse in in
A tr 0.20 s tr 12 ntr 1.0 ktr 40 0.667 in
reinforcement ft ft str ntr
index
BarD
4
cb min coverte min ( spacing ft) 2.375 in
2
BarD
Confinement
4
Mod c min max 0.4 1.0 0.4 Mod c 0.4
c k
factor b tr
Ld max Ldp 12in Ld 29.791 in
Extension Length for Negative Moment Reinforcing
Exlength max Ld 12 BarD 0.0625 Clear_Span ds (LRFD 5.10.8.2.1c) Exlength 29.791 in
4 4
Final Horizontal Bar Cutoff Location
Cutoffh Exlength Inflection point.h Cutoffh 4.378 ft
Moment capacity:
As7 fy
cAs7 0.294 in
Depth of neutral axis: 0.85 fc' β1 b
BarDB BarAs7
dAs7 tts cover te 9.75 in
Depth of steel: 2
dAs7 cAs7
Strain in steel: εt.As7 0.003 0.096
cAs7
cAs7
Strain check: cy.As7 if 0.6 "OK" "NG use strain compatibility" "OK"
dAs7
aAs7
Moment capacity: M n.As7 As7 fy dAs7 9.632 kip ft
2
Mr.As7 Mstr1.top.slab
Location where As7 takeover: As7_takeover 1
2 0.1 Design_Span 0.222 ft
M str1.top.slab Mstr1.top.slab
2 1
Development of As7:
Mod ep if spacing 12.0ft 6 BarD 1.5 if cover te 3 BarD 1.5 if cover we 3 BarD 1.5 1.2 1.5
4 4 4 4
Spacing: Mod s if spacing ft 6 in 1 if clear 3 BarD 1 0.8 0.8
4 4
4
Condition Factor ψc 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.3) System factor ψs 1.0 MBE (6A4.2.4)
The rating factor will be computed for the three separate cases used in the load combinations and the corresponding
minimum will be determined and displayed. First the unfactored moments and shears at each location is
interpolated
M rat.wa Intforce CSmoment Lwa M wa 1 8 1 4
V rat.wa Intforce CSshear Lwa V wa 1 8 1 4
M rat.ts Intforce CSmoment Lts M ts 1 8 5 7 V rat.ts Intforce CSshear Lts V ts 1 8 5 7
M rat.bs Intforce CSmoment Lbs Mbs 1 8 8 10 V rat.bs Intforce CSshear Lbs Vbs 1 8 8 10
M rat.all stack M rat.wa submatrix M rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Mrat.bs 8 10 1 8
V rat.all stack V rat.wa submatrix V rat.ts 5 7 1 8 submatrix Vrat.bs 8 10 1 8
RF C Intf γLL for i 1 10
T
Capi if Section i = "Neg" Ci Ci
LL i if Section i = "Neg" Intf Intf
T
i 8 i 7
LL mod if LL i = 0 0.0001kip ft LL i
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH.min Intf γEV Intf γWA Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 1
i γLL LLmod
i
Capi γDC Intf γDW Intf γEH Intf γEV Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 2
i γLL LLmod γLL Intf
i i 5
Capi γDC.min Intf γDW.min Intf γEH Intf γEV.min Intf γWA.min Intf
i 1 i 3 i 4 i 2 i 6
RF 3 if γLL
i γLL Intf
i 5
99.99 otherwise
RF tot augment RF 1 RF2 RF 3
T i
RF min minRFtot
i
RF min
Inventory Rating (IR)
IRshear RFs Cshear Vrat.all γLL T
IRshear ( 1.98 36.06 1.91 2.35 1.13 3.63 1.13 1.29 99.99 1.29 )
OR moment RF Cmoment M rat.all γLL.OR T
OR moment ( 1.02 8.08 6.29 1.42 99.99 1.37 99.99 1.38 1.4 1.38 )
OR shear RFs Cshear V rat.all γLL.OR T
OR shear ( 2.56 46.74 2.47 3.05 1.46 4.71 1.46 1.68 99.99 1.68 )
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Analysis Results
Heel
Maximum Moment (kip*ft/ft) -0.02 -0.02 0.00%
Minimum Moment (kip*ft/ft) -18.81 -18.81 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) 5.70 5.70 0.00%
Maximum Axial (kip/ft) 2.22 2.22 0.00%
Minimum Axial (kip/ft) -2.92 -2.92 0.00%
Toe
Maximum Moment (kip*ft/ft) 0.84 0.84 0.00%
Minimum Moment (kip*ft/ft) -0.07 -0.07 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) 2.86 2.86 0.00%
Maximum Axial (kip/ft) 0.79 0.79 0.00%
Minimum Axial (kip/ft) 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Stem
Maximum Moment (kip*ft/ft) 25.20 25.20 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) -5.67 -5.67 0.00%
Maximum Axial (kip/ft) 5.45 5.45 0.00%
Minimum Axial (kip/ft) 0.00 0.00 0.00%
Stability
Sliding Force (kip/ft) 7.11 7.11 0.00%
Eccentricity (in) 18.51 18.51 0.00%
Bearing Pressure (ksf) 3.02 3.02 0.00%
Capacities
Footing
Top Flexure (kip*ft/ft) 19.08 19.08 0.00%
Bottom Flexure (kip*ft/ft) 7.30 7.30 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) 19.42 19.42 0.00%
Stem
Flexure (kip*ft/ft) 25.79 25.79 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) 15.32 15.32 0.00%
Stability
Sliding Resistance (kip/ft) 7.51 7.51 0.00%
Maximum Eccentricity (in) 36.00 36.00 0.00%
Bearing Resistance (ksf) 3.16 3.16 0.00%
Inputs
Reinforcement Summary
Stem Footing
Flexure S&T Flexure Top Flexure Bot S&T
Bar 7 3 Bar 7 3 3
Spacing 18 11 Spacing 18 12 11
(in) (in)
Cover (in) 3 3 Cover (in) 3 3 3
Resistance Factors
phi ᵈ ᵍ 1.00
phi ᵉ ᵘ ᵉ ᵒᵒᵗ ᵍ 0.90
phi ᵉᵃ ᵒᵒᵗ ᵍ 0.90
phi ᵉ ᵘ ᵉ ᵗᵉᵐ 0.90
phi ᵉᵃ ᵗᵉᵐ 0.90
Heel Analysis
Toe Analysis
Stem Analysis
Sliding Force: 7.19 (k / ft) Overturning Moment: 37.84 (kipft / ft) Bearing Pressure: 3.29 (ksf)
Sliding Capacity: 4.51 (k / ft) Eccentricity: 1ʹ11.83" Bearing Capacity: 4.00 (ksf)
Maximum Eccentricty: 3ʹ0"
Inputs:
Physical Dimensions:
hstem 2.5 ft Height of the stem, measured from the backfill surface
tstem 1 ft Thickness at the top of the stem
tfoot 1.5 ft Thickness of the footing
Δtoe 6 in Tapering of the stem on the toe side of the retaining wall
Δheel 0 in Tapering of the stem on the heel side of the retaining wall
Ltoe 1 ft Length of the toe, measured from the stem's base
Lheel 6.5 ft Length of the heel, measured from the stem's base
Lwall 75 ft Length of the retaining wall
dburial 1.5 ft Burial depth, measured from the bottom of the foundation slab
dbackfill 13.5 ft Depth of backfill, measured from the surface of the base subgrade
θbackfill 0 deg Slope of the backfill
wtotal Lheel Δheel tstem Δtoe Ltoe 9 ft Total width of the retaining wall
Material Properties:
wc 0.15 kcf Unit weight of the concrete
f' c 5 ksi Compressive strength of the concrete
1.5
wc f' c
Ec 33000 ksi 4286.826 ksi Elastic modulus of the concrete
kcf ksi
δ 16.6666666 deg Angle of friction between the backfill and the concrete
γff 0.12 kcf Base subgrade's unit weight
γbf 0.12 kcf Backfill soil's unit weight
ϕff 25 deg Base subgrade's angle of internal friction
ϕbf 25 deg Backfill soil's angle of internal friction
cff 0 ksf Base subgrades cohesion
cbf 0 ksf Backfill soil's cohesion
fy 60 ksi Reinforcing steel's yield point
Es 29000 ksi Reinforcing steel's elastic modulus
Analysis:
pts 11 The total number of evaluation points to be used in the analysis of the stem, i 1 pts
heel, and toe
Load Factors to be used for the Strength I load combination. Load Combination and Load Factors based on LRDF Table
3.4.2-1 and Table 3.4.1-2
0.9 1.0 0.9
γDC γEV γEH
1.25 1.35 1.5
System Analysis:
Concrete Self Weight (DC):
Afoot.DC wtotal tfoot 13.5 ft
2
wtotal
xfoot.y 4.5 ft
2
1
Astem.DC
tstem tstem Δheel Δtoe hstem dburial d backfill tfoot 20 ft 2
2
kip ft
Mz.EV Fy.EV xy.EV 60.547
ft
Backfill Lateral Pressure (EH):
LRFD states that the horizontal earth pressure (acting on the backfill of the system) acts at an angle between 1/3 phi and
2/3 phi, per LRFD Figure C3.11.5.3-1. We will check both of these values in order to bound the problem.
Coulomb Active Earth Pressure:
β θbackfill 0 Slope of the backfill
2
sin ϕ δbf sin( ϕ β )
Calculated from LRFD 3.11.5.3-2
Γ 1 2.553
sin θ δbf sin( θ β )
2
sin( θ ϕ)
ka 0.355 Calculated from LRFD 3.11.5.3-1
2
Γ sin( θ) sin θ δbf
2
αmax β ϕbf 16.667 deg Maximum applied angle per LRFD Figure C3.11.5.3-1
3
1
αmin β ϕbf 8.333 deg Minimum applied angle per LRFD Figure C3.11.5.3-1
3
Maximum Angle:
h tan θbackfill Δheel Lheel d burial dbackfill 15 ft
2
h kip
Fmax.EH γbf 13.5
2 ft
kip
Fmax.EH Fmax.EH ka 4.793
ft
kip kip
Fmax.x.EH Fmax.EH cos αmax 4.592
Fmax.y.EH Fmax.EH sin αmax 1.375
ft ft
h kip ft
Mmax.z.EH L heel Δheel tstem Δtoe L toe Fmax.y.EH Fmax.x.EH 10.587
3 ft
Minimum Angle:
kip kip
Fmin.x.EH Fmax.EH cos αmin 4.743
Fmin.y.EH Fmax.EH sin αmin 0.695
ft ft
h kip ft
Mmin.z.EH L heel Δheel tstem Δtoe L toe Fmin.y.EH Fmin.x.EH 17.461
3 ft
kip
Fsliding Fmin.x.EH γtempEH 7.114
ft
kip
Nsliding Fmin.y.EH γtempEH Fy.EV γtempEV Fy.DC γtempDC 16.095
ft
kip
FslidingCapacity Nsliding tan ϕbf 7.505 LRFD Equation 10.6.3.4-2 under the assumption that the
ft concrete was cast in place. ϕ for sliding of a retaining wall is
equal to 1.0, thus is ignored
FslidingCapacity
RatioSliding 1.055
Fsliding
kip ft
Moverturning γtempEH Mmin.z.EH γtempDC Mz.DC γtempEV Mz.EV 47.597
ft
kip
Reaction Fmin.y.EH γtempEH Fy.EV γtempEV Fy.DC γtempDC 16.095
ft
Moverturning wtotal
eccentricity 18.512 in
Reaction 2
wtotal
eccentricitymax 36 in
3
eccentricitymax
RatioEccentricty 1.945
eccentricity
kip ft
Moverturning γtempEH Mmin.z.EH γtempDC Mz.DC γtempEV Mz.EV 52.746
ft
kip
Reaction Fmin.y.EH γtempEH Fy.EV γtempEV Fy.DC γtempDC 17.853
ft
Moverturning wtotal
eccentricity 18.547 in
Reaction 2
B' wtotal 2 eccentricity 5.909 ft
Reaction kip
qpressure 3.021
B' 2
ft
The load inclination factors shall be neglected under the assumption that the footing contains modest embedment.
Ncm N c sc 21.543 Cwq 1.0
qn c Ncm γbf dburial Nqm C wq 0.5 γbf B' Nγm C wγ 5.739 ksf
qR
RatioBearing 1.045
q pressure
Heel Analysis:
( i 1) T
xi L heel x ( 0 0.65 1.3 1.95 2.6 3.25 3.9 4.55 5.2 5.85 6.5 ) ft
pts 1
Shear:
Unfactored Shear:
Concrete Self Weight (DC):
kip
qDC tfoot wc 0.225
2
ft
vDC Lheel xi qDC
i
T kip
vDC ( 1.462 1.316 1.17 1.024 0.877 0.731 0.585 0.439 0.292 0.146 0 )
ft
Backfill Self Weight (EV):
kip
qEV dburial d backfill tfoot γbf 1.62 2
ft
vEV L heel xi q EV
i
T kip
vEV ( 10.53 9.477 8.424 7.371 6.318 5.265 4.212 3.159 2.106 1.053 0 )
ft
bearingPressurestart 0 if emin 0 0 ft
2 emin otherwise
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
return vtemp
T kip
vHeel.Max ( 2.861 3.157 3.723 4.307 4.971 5.699 4.957 4.813 3.209 1.604 0 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
return vtemp
T kip
vHeel.Min ( 0.176 0.465 0.755 1.044 1.187 1.215 1.18 1.144 1.108 1.073 0 )
ft
ko 1 sin ϕbf 0.577 Assuming the at-rest earth pressure
σtop dburial d backfill tfoot γbf 1.62 ksf
σbot dburial d backfill γbf 1.8 ksf
2
tfoot
mEH σbot σtop ko
i
12
T kip ft
mEH ( 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019 )
ft
bearingPressurestart 0 if emin 0 0 ft
2 emin otherwise
q BP otherwise
2
T kip ft
mBP ( 15.864 10.399 6.084 2.919 0.903 0.037 0 0 0 0 0 )
ft
γtEH Fmin.x.EH kip
τsliding 0.79
wtotal 2
ft
Assuming the entire foundation supports a unfiorm sliding stress
tfoot
mSL Lheel xi τsliding
i
2
T kip ft
mSL ( 3.853 3.468 3.083 2.697 2.312 1.927 1.541 1.156 0.771 0.385 0 )
ft
i i i
mHeel mSL mBP γtEV mEV γtDC mDC γtEH mEH
i i i
T kip
mHeel ( 18.812 17.347 15.502 13.278 10.674 7.691 4.648 2.338 0.799 0.029 0.029 ) ft
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
q BP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL Lheel xi τSL
i
2
mTot mBP mSL γtempEV mEV γtempDC mDC γtempEH mEH
i i i i i i
return mtemp
T kip ft
mHeel.Max ( 5.447 4.777 4.13 3.506 2.905 2.328 1.773 1.242 0.734 0.029 0.018 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
q BP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL Lheel xi τSL
i
2
mTot mBP mSL γtempEV mEV γtempDC mDC γtempEH mEH
i i i i i i
return mtemp
T kip ft
mHeel.Min ( 18.812 17.595 15.933 13.797 11.598 9.186 6.491 3.566 1.527 0.315 0.029 )
ft
ko 1 sin ϕbf 0.577
σtop dburial d backfill tfoot γbf 1.62 ksf
σbot dburial d backfill γbf 1.8 ksf
σbot σtop
nEH ko tfoot
i 2
T kip
nEH ( 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 1.481 )
ft
Factored Axial
The total axial force in the heel is dependent on the shear stress. Thus, since the hear stress is a function of the load
combination, we will check each load combination and determine the controlling case from it. The calculations will be
shown for a single load combination then the controlling case will be programatically found.
Bearing Axial Sliding:
γtDC γDC 0.9 γtEV γEV 1 γtEH γEH 1.5
1 1 2
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τSL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
return ntemp
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τSL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
return ntemp
T kip
nHeel.Min ( 2.916 2.403 1.889 1.375 0.861 0.347 0.1 0.408 0.716 1.025 1.333 )
ft
for j 1 2
γtempDC γDC
j
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
q BP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL Lheel xi τSL
i
2
n SL τ SL L heel xi
i
n Tot nSL γtempEH n EH
i i i
for o i
Bar D barFlexurefootBot
d tfoot coverFlexurefootBot if mTot 0
2 o
Bar D barFlexurefootTop
tfoot coverFlexurefootTop otherwise
2
As BarA barFlexurefootBot
12 in
spacingFlexure
if mToto 0
footBot
Bar barFlexure 12 in otherwise
A footTop
spacingFlexure
footTop
Vnum VcmTot ft nTot ft vTot ft tfoot d Es As 0.75 in 12 in f' c Ec Ac
o o o
Vden vTot ft
o
Vnum
ratio if Vden 0
Vden
1 1027 otherwise
Vctemp
1
if ratio
Vctemp
2
Vctemp Vnum
1
Vctemp Vden
2
return Vctemp
T 15.26 15.57 16.17 16.94 17.71 19.36 20.56 23.26 28.02 33.31 100
VCHeel kip
2.86 3.14 3.72 4.31 4.97 5.7 4.96 4.81 3.21 1.6 0
VCHeeli
1
Ratioi
VCHeeli
2
Shear:
Unfactored Shear:
Concrete Self Weight (DC):
kip
qDC tfoot wc 0.225
2
ft
vDC L toe x qDC
i
i
T kip
vDC ( 0.225 0.203 0.18 0.157 0.135 0.113 0.09 0.068 0.045 0.023 0 )
ft
Factored Shear:
Bearing Shear:
γtDC γDC 1.25 γtEV γEV 1.35 γtEH γEH 1.5
2 2 2
kip
Fmin.y γtDC Fy.DC γtEV Fy.EV γtEH Fmin.y.EH 21.539
ft
kip ft
Mmin.y γtDC Mz.DC γtEV Mz.EV γtEH Mmin.z.EH 73.938
ft
Mmin.y wtotal
emin 1.067 ft
Fmin.y 2
beff wtotal 2 e min 6.866 ft
bearingPressurestart 0 if emin 0 0 ft
2 emin otherwise
Fmin.y kip
qBP 3.137
b eff 2
ft
vBP 0 if xi bearingPressurestart
i
Ltoe xi qBP otherwise
T kip
vBP ( 3.137 2.823 2.51 2.196 1.882 1.569 1.255 0.941 0.627 0.314 0 )
ft
vToe vBP γtDC vDC
i i i
T kip
vToe ( 2.856 2.57 2.285 1.999 1.714 1.428 1.142 0.857 0.571 0.286 0 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
beff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e) otherwise
BPend BPstart beff
Fy
qBP
beff
vBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi qBP otherwise
return vtemp
T kip
vToe.Max ( 2.856 2.57 2.285 1.999 1.714 1.428 1.142 0.857 0.571 0.286 0 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
vBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi qBP otherwise
return vtemp
T kip
vToe.Min ( 1.862 1.676 1.49 1.304 1.117 0.931 0.745 0.559 0.372 0.186 0 )
ft
kip
Fmin.y γtDC Fy.DC γtEV Fy.EV γtEH Fmax.y.EH 22.559
ft
kip ft
Mmin.y γtDC Mz.DC γtEV Mz.EV γtEH Mmax.z.EH 84.249
ft
Mmin.y wtotal
emin 0.765 ft
Fmin.y 2
beff wtotal 2 e min 7.469 ft
bearingPressurestart 0 if emin 0 0 ft
2 emin otherwise
Ltoe xi 2
qBP otherwise
2
T kip ft
mBP ( 1.51 1.223 0.966 0.74 0.544 0.378 0.242 0.136 0.06 0.015 0 )
ft
γtEH Fmax.x.EH kip
τsliding 0.765
wtotal 2
ft
Assuming the entire foundation supports a unfiorm sliding stress
tfoot
mSL L toe xi τsliding
i
2
T kip ft
mSL ( 0.574 0.517 0.459 0.402 0.344 0.287 0.23 0.172 0.115 0.057 0 )
ft
mToe mSL mBP γtDC mDC
i i i i
T kip
mToe ( 0.795 0.593 0.417 0.269 0.149 0.055 0.01 0.049 0.06 0.044 0 ) ft
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
beff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e) otherwise
BPend BPstart beff
Fy
qBP
beff
mBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi 2
q BP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τSL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL Ltoe xi τ SL
i
2
mTot mBP mSL γtempDC mDC
i i i i
return mtemp
T kip ft
mToe.Max ( 0.835 0.636 0.471 0.33 0.212 0.119 0.048 0.001 0.022 0.023 0 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
mBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi 2
qBP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL L toe xi τSL
i
2
mTot mBP mSL γtempDC mDC
i i i i
return mtemp
T kip ft
mToe.Min ( 0.587 0.426 0.285 0.168 0.074 0.004 0.043 0.068 0.068 0.047 0 )
ft
ko 1 sin ϕbf 0.577
σtop dburial d backfill tfoot γbf 1.62 ksf
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
if m = 2
wtotal
n SL τSL xi L toe
i
n Tot nSL
i i
return n temp
T kip
nToe.Max ( 0.79 0.711 0.632 0.553 0.474 0.395 0.316 0.237 0.158 0.079 0 )
ft
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τSL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
return ntemp
T kip
nToe.Min ( 0.459 0.413 0.367 0.321 0.276 0.23 0.184 0.138 0.092 0.046 0 )
ft
for j 1 2
γtempDC γDC
j
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for m 1 2
Fy
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmin.y.EH if m = 1
γtempDC Fy.DC γtempEV Fy.EV γtempEH Fmax.y.EH otherwise
Mz wtotal
e
Fy 2
b eff wtotal 2 e
BPstart 0 if e 0
( 2 e ) otherwise
BPend BPstart b eff
Fy
q BP
b eff
vBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi qBP otherwise
mBP 0 if xi BPstart
i
Ltoe xi 2
qBP otherwise
2
γtempEH Fmin.x.EH
τ SL if m = 1
wtotal
γtempEH Fmax.x.EH
otherwise
wtotal
tfoot
mSL L toe xi τSL
i
2
mTot mBP mSL γtempDC mDC
i i i i
for o i
Bar D barFlexurefootBot
d tfoot coverFlexurefootBot if mTot 0
2 o
Bar D barFlexurefootTop
tfoot coverFlexurefootTop otherwise
2
As BarA barFlexurefootBot
12 in
spacingFlexure
if mToto 0
footBot
Bar barFlexure 12 in otherwise
A footTop
spacingFlexure
footTop
Vnum Vc mTot ft nTot ft vTot ft tfoot d Es As 0.75 in 12 in f' c Ec Ac
o o o
Vden vTot ft
o
Vnum
ratio if Vden 0
Vden
1 1027 otherwise
Vctemp
1
if ratio
Vctemp
2
Vctemp Vnum
1
Vctemp Vden
2
return Vctemp
T 24.75 26.1 27.5 29.41 31.23 32.93 41.24 42.39 43.79 45.46 100
VCToe kip
2.86 2.57 2.28 2 1.71 1.43 1.14 0.86 0.57 0.29 0
VCToei
1
Ratioi
VCToei
2
min( Ratio) 8.668
T
x ( 0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8 9.6 11.2 12.8 14.4 16 ) ft
Shear:
Unfactored Shear:
Backfill Lateral Pressure (EH):
Coulomb Active Earth Pressure:
β θbackfill 0
ϕ ϕbf 0.436
dburial dbackfill hstem tfoot
θ atan if Δheel 0 1.571
Δheel
π
2
δbf δ 0.291
2
sin ϕ δbf sin( ϕ β )
Γ 1 2.376
sin θ δbf sin( θ β )
2
sin( θ ϕ)
ka 0.361
2
Γ sin( θ) sin θ δbf
π
α θ δbf 0.291
2
h dburial d backfill tfoot 13.5 ft
2
h kip
FEH γbf 10.935
2 ft
kip
FEH FEH ka 3.945
ft
kip
Fx.EH FEH cos( α) 3.78
ft
kip
Fy.EH FEH sin( α) 1.132
ft
vEH 0 if xi d burial dbackfill tfoot
i
dburial dbackfill tfoot xi 2
γbf k a cos ( α ) otherwise
2
T kip
vEH ( 3.78 2.937 2.2 1.57 1.045 0.627 0.315 0.11 0.01 0 0 )
ft
Factored Shear:
vStem.Max γEH vEH 2
T kip
vStem.Max ( 5.67 4.405 3.3 2.355 1.568 0.941 0.473 0.165 0.015 0 0 )
ft
vStem.Min γEH vEH 1
T kip
vStem.Min ( 3.402 2.643 1.98 1.413 0.941 0.565 0.284 0.099 0.009 0 0 )
ft
( pts i )
ci Δtoe
pts 1
i a bi
h
qDC wc
i 2
T kip
qDC ( 3 2.646 2.304 1.974 1.656 1.35 1.056 0.774 0.504 0.246 0 ) ft
2
ft
2
2 a ci a ci bi a b i bi 2
Cx
i
3 a bi
bi
NAi
2
mDC q DC C x NAi i
i i
T kip ft
mDC ( 0.35 0.279 0.218 0.164 0.119 0.081 0.051 0.028 0.012 0.003 0 )
ft
Backfill Self Weight (EV):
Δheel
dxi
d burial dbackfill tfoot xi
dburial d backfill hstem tfoot
T
dx ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
dxi
NAi otherwise
3
T
ma ( 0.75 0.725 0.7 0.675 0.65 0.625 0.6 0.575 0.55 0 0 ) ft
mEV qEV ma i
i i
T kip ft
mEV ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
ft
β θbackfill 0
ϕ ϕbf 0.436
δbf δ 0.291
2
sin ϕ δbf sin( ϕ β )
Γ 1 2.376
sin θ δbf sin( θ β )
2
sin( θ ϕ)
ka 0.361
2
Γ sin( θ) sin θ δbf
π
α θ δbf 0.291
2
Factored Moment:
mStem.Max γEH mEH γDC mDC γEV mEV
i 2 i 1 i 1 i
T kip
mStem.Max ( 25.198 17.223 11.135 6.681 3.604 1.652 0.569 0.101 0.008 0.003 0 ) ft
ft
mStem.Min γEH mEH γDC mDC γEV mEV
i 1 i 2 i 2 i
T kip
mStem.Min ( 14.87 10.135 6.527 3.892 2.078 0.934 0.305 0.04 0.013 0.004 0 ) ft
ft
( i 1)
bi tstem Δheel Δtoe
Δtoe Δheel
pts 1
( pts i )
ci Δtoe
pts 1
i a bi
h
qDC wc
i 2
T kip
qDC ( 3 2.646 2.304 1.974 1.656 1.35 1.056 0.774 0.504 0.246 0 ) ft
2
ft
nDC qDC
i i
T kip
nDC ( 3 2.646 2.304 1.974 1.656 1.35 1.056 0.774 0.504 0.246 0 )
ft
T
dx ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
T
A1 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
T
A2 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
T kip
nEV ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
ft
β θbackfill 0
ϕ ϕbf 0.436
δbf δ 0.291
2
sin ϕ δbf sin( ϕ β )
Γ 1 2.376
sin θ δbf sin( θ β )
2
sin( θ ϕ)
ka 0.361
2
Γ sin( θ) sin θ δbf
π
α θ δbf 0.291
2
h dburial d backfill tfoot 13.5 ft
2
h kip kip
FEH γbf 10.935 FEH FEH ka 3.945
2 ft ft
kip kip
Fx.EH FEH cos( α) 3.78 Fy.EH FEH sin( α) 1.132
ft ft
nEH 0 if xi dburial d backfill tfoot
i
dburial dbackfill tfoot xi 2
γbf k a sin( α ) otherwise
2
T kip
nEH ( 1.132 0.879 0.659 0.47 0.313 0.188 0.094 0.033 0.003 0 0 )
ft
Factored Axial
nStem.Max γEH nEH γDC n DC γEV n EV
i 2 i 2 i 2 i
T kip
nStem.Max ( 5.447 4.626 3.868 3.172 2.539 1.969 1.462 1.017 0.635 0.308 0 )
ft
nStem.Min γEH n EH γDC nDC γEV nEV
i 1 i 1 i 1 i
T kip
nStem.Min ( 3.718 3.173 2.666 2.2 1.772 1.384 1.035 0.726 0.456 0.221 0 )
ft
for j 1 2
γtempDC γDC
j
for k 1 2
γtempEV γEV
k
for l 1 2
γtempEH γEH
l
for o i
Bar D barFlexurefootBot
d tfoot coverFlexurefootBot if mTot 0
2 o
Bar D barFlexurefootTop
tfoot coverFlexurefootTop otherwise
2
As BarA barFlexurefootBot
12 in
spacingFlexure
if mToto 0
footBot
Vnum VcmTot ft nTot ft vTot ft tfoot d Es As 0.75 in 12 in f' c Ec Ac
o o o
Vden vTot ft
o
Vnum
ratio if Vden 0
Vden
1 1027 otherwise
Vctemp
1
if ratio
Vctemp
2
Vctemp Vnum
1
Vctemp Vden
2
return Vctemp
T 15.21 15.21 15.21 15.21 16.68 21.35 27.5 34.56 44.63 100 100
VCStem kip
5.67 4.41 3.3 2.35 1.57 0.94 0.47 0.16 0.02 0 0
Footing Design:
Moment Design:
T kip ft
mHeel.Max ( 5.447 4.777 4.13 3.506 2.905 2.328 1.773 1.242 0.734 0.029 0.018 )
ft
T kip ft
mHeel.Min ( 18.812 17.595 15.933 13.797 11.598 9.186 6.491 3.566 1.527 0.315 0.029 )
ft
T kip ft
mToe.Max ( 0.835 0.636 0.471 0.33 0.212 0.119 0.048 0.001 0.022 0.023 0 )
ft
T kip ft
mToe.Min ( 0.587 0.426 0.285 0.168 0.074 0.004 0.043 0.068 0.068 0.047 0 )
ft
mMax max max max mHeel.Max max mToe.Max 0 0.835 kip ft
ft
mMin min min min mHeel.Min min mToe.Min 0 18.812 kip ft
ft
Top Reinforcement:
12.0 in
As BarA barFlexurefootTop 0.293 in
2
spacingFlexurefootTop
b 12 in
Bar D barFlexurefootTop
d tfoot coverFlexurefootTop 14.625 in
2
β 1 0.85 0.8
f'c
0.85 4.0 0.05 if f' c 4.0 ksi
ksi
As fy a
a 0.345 in c 0.431 in
0.85 f' c b β1
dc
εc 0.003 εs εc 0.099
c
fy
εy 0.002
Es
c 0 if c 0
c otherwise
Es As εc
cc
kip
c
c
2.0 0.85 f' c b β 1
dc
εs εc
c
0.9 if εs 0.005
0.65 0.15 d
1.0 otherwise
c
As
ϕMn ϕ
min fy εs Es d a
19.077
kip ft
1 ft 2.0 ft
ϕMn
Ratio 22.843
mMax
Bottom Reinforcement:
12.0 in
As BarA barFlexurefootBot 2
0.11 in
spacingFlexurefootBot
Bar D barFlexurefootBot
d tfoot coverFlexurefootBot 14.813 in
2
β 1 0.85 0.8
f'c
0.85 4.0 0.05 if f' c 4.0 ksi
ksi
As fy a
a 0.129 in c 0.162 in
0.85 f' c b β1
dc
εc 0.003 εs εc 0.272
c
fy
εy 0.002
Es
c 0 if c 0
c otherwise
Es As εc
cc
kip
c
c
2.0 0.85 f' c b β 1
dc
εs εc
c
0.9 if εs 0.005
0.65 0.15 d
1.0 otherwise
c
As
ϕMn ϕ
min fy εs Es d a
7.3
kip ft
1 ft 2.0 ft
ϕMn
Ratio 0.388
mMin
Stem Design:
T kip ft
mStem.Min ( 14.87 10.135 6.527 3.892 2.078 0.934 0.305 0.04 0.013 0.004 0 )
ft
T kip ft
mStem.Max ( 25.198 17.223 11.135 6.681 3.604 1.652 0.569 0.101 0.008 0.003 0 )
ft
kip ft
mMax max max mStem.Min mStem.Max 0 25.198
ft
kip ft
mMin min min mStem.Min mStem.Min 0 0.013
ft
Flexure Design:
12.0 in
As BarA barFlexurestem 0.4 in
2
spacingFlexurestem
Bar D barFlexurestem
d tfoot coverFlexurestem 14.563 in
2
β 1 0.85 0.8
f'c
0.85 4.0 0.05 if f' c 4.0 ksi
ksi
As fy a
a 0.471 in c 0.588 in
0.85 f' c b β1
dc
εc 0.003 εs εc 0.071
c
fy
εy 0.002
Es
c 0 if c 0
c otherwise
Es As εc
cc
kip
c
c
2.0 0.85 f' c b β 1
dc
εs εc
c
0.9 if εs 0.005
0.65 0.15 d
1.0 otherwise
c
As
ϕMn ϕ
min fy εs Es d a
25.789
kip ft
1 ft 2.0 ft
ϕMn
Ratio 1.023
mMax
12 in
As BarA barST stem 0.12 in
2
spacingSTstem
As
Ratio 1.091
AsReq
Footing: tfoot
1.30 12
AsReq
in 2
in 0.078 in
2
tfoot fy
2 12
in ksi
AsReq minmax AsReq 0.11 in
2 2 2
0.60 in 0.11 in
12 in
As BarA barST foot 0.12 in
2
spacingSTfoot
As
Ratio 1.091
AsReq
Eriksson
Description Mathcad Δ%
Culvert
Analysis Results
Interior
Maximum Moment (kip*ft/ft) 18.20 18.20 0.00%
Maximum Shear (kip/ft) 7.82 7.82 0.00%
Exterior
Maximum Moment (kip*ft/ft) 15.64 15.64 0.00%
Maximum Shear (kip/ft) 6.95 6.95 0.00%
Bearing
Axial (kip/ft) 30.24 30.24 0.00%
Stability
Sliding Force (kip/ft) 1.84 1.84 0.00%
Eccentricity (ft) 0.69 0.69 0.00%
Bearing Pressure (ksf) 3.92 3.92 0.00%
Capacities
Slab
Flexure (kip*ft/ft) 18.29 18.29 0.00%
Shear (kip/ft) 13.46 13.46 0.00%
Bearing
Axial (kip/ft) 856.80 856.80 0.00%
Stability
Sliding Resistance (kip/ft) 6.24 6.24 0.00%
Maximum Eccentricity (ft) 2.89 2.89 0.00%
Bearing Resistance (ksf) 4.00 4.00 0.00%
⊟ Reinforcement Summary:
Location Type Bar Size Spacing (in) As (in2) As Req. (in2) Check
Bottom Longitudinal 7 14.0 0.514 0.491 ✓
Bottom Transverse 3 11.0 0.12 0.117 ✓
Top Longitudinal 3 11.0 0.12 0.117 ✓
Top Transverse 3 11.0 0.12 0.117 ✓
⊟ Unfactored Load Results:
⊟ Bearing Pressure:
Load Reaction (k) Overturning Moment (kip-ft)
Slab Weight -1.3 -5.633
Fill Weight -5.98 -33.695
Load #1 (DC) -3.721 -16.907
Load #2 (DW) -1.25 -5.833
Load #3 (EV) -1.512 -7.053
Load #4 (EH) 0.0 1.797
Load #5 (LS) 0.0 0.478
Load #6 (LL) -7.115 -32.846
-20.878 -99.692
Reaction location at 99.692 / 20.878 = 4.775 ft
Eccentricity = (4.775 - 8.667 / 2.0) = 0.442 ft
Max Bearing Pressure = 4.0 ksf
Location Distance (ft) Magnitude (ksf)
Start 0.884 2.682 Bearing Ratio = 1.491
End 8.667 2.682
twa 12in
Keyway Width:
H s.inside 3.0ft
Reinforcement : cover 3 in
Cover
Fill type: Fill_type "Compacted"
Loads: Enter the Design Vertical Pin Supported Reactions From ETCulvert
DC 3.638 klf LS 0.00klf
DW 1.25klf WA 0.00klf
EV 1.512 klf LL 7.115 klf
EH 0.00klf
Enter the Horizontal Pin Supported Reactions From ETCulvert
DCh 0.78klf LSh 0.478 klf
EH h 1.797 klf
γDC if ( DC 0 1.25 0.9) γDC 1.25 γEV if ( EV 0 1.3 0.9) γEV 1.3 γLS 0.0 γLL 1.75
h u γDC DCh γDW DWh γEV EVh γEH EH h γLS LSh γWA WAh γLL LLh h u 4.158 klf
q e qa h trial wc H s γs q e 2.65 ksf
pu
trial width btry ceil ft b try 8 ft
qe ft
Enter a trial Footing Size
b trial 104.0 in
Determine Resultant force and Footing Service Pressure. Enter trial footing thickness and reinforcing bar and
check allowable bearing pressure
D H1 htrial D H1 1 ft
Heel Soil Weight and C.G.
P3 Hs.inside γs 0.5btrial 0.5 twa P3 1.38 klf
D 3 0.5 0.5btrial 0.5 twa D 3 1.917 ft
Toe Soil Weight and C.G. P4 Hs γs 0.5btrial 0.5 twa P4 4.6 klf
D 4 btrial 0.5 0.5b trial 0.5 twa D 4 6.75 ft
Resultant
q max q max 2.673 ksf
btrial 2 e cc
checkallowable if qmax qa "NG increase size" "OK" checkallowable "OK"
Re-iterate if required
Compute the Strength Design Footing Pressure
Determine Resultant force and Footing Pressure. Enter trial footing thickness and reinforcing bar and check allowable
bearing pressure
C.G. Located from heel of wall
Footing Self Weight and C.G. P1.u γDC P1 P1.u 1.625 klf
Vertical Wall Load and C.G. P2.u p u P2.u 20.839 klf
Heel Soil Weight and C.G. P3.u γEV P3 P3.u 1.794 klf
Toe Soil Weight and C.G. P4.u γEV P4 P4.u 5.98 klf
Resultantu
q max.u 3.916 ksf
btrial 2 e cc.u
checkallowable if qmax.u qa "NG increase size" "OK" checkallowable "OK"
h u γDC DCh γDW DWh 0.9 EVh γEH EHh γLS LS h γWA WAh γLL LLh h u 0.192 klf
Heel Soil Weight and C.G. P3.u γEV P3 P3.u 1.794 klf
Toe Soil Weight and C.G. P4.u γEV P4 P4.u 5.98 klf
checkallowable if ecc.u e cc.allow"NG increase size" "OK" checkallowable "OK"
ϕsliding 0.9
kip
τ resistance ϕsliding Fvert μ 6.235
ft
kip
τ Fhorz 1.837
ft
checksliding if τ resistance τ "OK" "NG" checksliding "OK"
Check Shear capacity for depth neglecting reduction from vertical soil and concrete load
Bar NO ( 4 )
q max.u 3.926 ksf
Preliminary Bar Diameter and Area
2 T q min.u 2.926 ksf
Bar A ( 0.2 ) in Bar D ( 0.5 ) in
Design Moment
Interior
Gravity Soil and Concrete Pressures on top of footing
γDC 0.9 γEV 1.3
β 1 if fc' 4 ksi 0.85 if fc' 8 ksi 0.65 0.85 0.05
fc' 4ksi β 1 0.8 Stress Block Factor β (LRFD 5.7.2.2)
ksi
Mdesign fc' 2 Rn
R n ( 264.195 ) psi ρreq 0.85
1 1
ρreq ( 0.0045 )
2 fy 0.85 fc'
ϕf Ds.final
2
As.req ρreq 12in D s.final As.req 0.478 in per foot
Spacing Required
Bar A in in
Sreq Sreq ( 5.024 ) Sprov 5.0
As.req ft ft
USE: Number 7 Bars at 14" O.C. are sufficient for the main reinforcing steel for moment
Bar A 2
in
As As ( 0.48 )
Sprov 1 ft ft
As 12in fy a
a a ( 0.565 ) in cNA cNA ( 0.706 ) in
0.85 fc' 12in β1
Ds.final cNA
εt 0.003 εt 0.034
cNA
checkductility if εt 0.005 "Tension Controlled ϕ=0.9" "Check Strength Factor and Redesign"
checkductility "Tension Controlled ϕ=0.9"
Ds.final
ϕf if εt 0.005 0.9 if εt 0.002 0.75 0.65 0.15 1 ϕf 0.9 (LRFD 5.5.4.2)
cNA
a
Mn As fy Ds.final (LRFD 5.7.3.2.3) Mn 20.322 kip
ft
2 ft
ft
Mu ϕf Mn Mu 18.29 kip
ft
checkflexure if Mu Mdesign "OK" "NG" checkflexure "OK"
Check the Final Shear Capacity reducing shear with Gravity Loads
d v max 0.72 hfinal 0.9 D s.final 8.64 in
Design Shear
Interior
Gravity Soil and Concrete Pressures on top of footing
γDC 1.25 γEV 1.3
d v.final max 0.9Ds.final 0.72 h final
(LRFD 5.8.2.9) d v.final 8.64 in
kip ft
Mcorr 11.894
ft
Using the iterative method defined in appendix B5 From Table B5.2-2
sx dv.final
1.38 in
sxe sx 7.315 in
Aggmax 0.63 in
θ 30.0 deg Assumed
θ 39.505 deg
Es As
Mcorr
0.5 Vu2 cot( θ)
d v.final
εx 1000.0 ( 1.527 )
Es As
θ 39.038 deg
Mcorr
0.5 Vu2 cot( θ)
d v.final
εx 1000.0 ( 1.533 )
Es As
θ 39.071 deg
Mcorr
0.5 Vu2 cot( θ)
d v.final
εx 1000.0 ( 1.532 )
Es As
β 2.0418
A1 twa 12 in 2
A1 1 ft
A2 A1 h final 4 1 ft 2
A2 5 ft
A2
m min
2.0
A1 m2
Pn 0.85 fc' A1 m
Pn 1224 kip
Pr ϕb Pn
Pr 857 kip
checkbearing if Resultantu 1 ft Pr "OK" "NG" checkbearing "OK"
fc' fc'
Vn = 0.063
0.126
bo dv.final 0.126 ksi b o d v.final LRFD 5.13.3.6.3
ksi
βc
ksi ksi
Length
β c β c 10
twa
b o 2 ( Length) b o 20 ft