Database

Database: A database is a collection of data together with valid information about it, which makes
accessing and manipulation of data easier.
Or
A database is a logically modelled clusters of information or data.
 Database stores the data and provides a method for accessing that data.

Database Model: This determines the logical structure of the database and fundamentally
determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated.

Database Management Systems: A software which is used to perform various actions like adding
data to the database, updating it and also retrieving the data when required from the database.
Or
Database management system is a computer program that interacts with the database.

 A DBMS has an underlying model that structures how data is stored and accessed.
 It acts as a medium between the application (app/website) and the actual database.
 This is used to convert the queries that are given by the application/end-user to a language
that can be understood by the database.

Classification of database: Classification is done based on the requirements.

1. Based on data model:

a) Relational Database: MYSQL (Oracle, open source), Oracle database (Oracle), Microsoft
SQL server, DB2 (IBM).
b) Object Oriented Database: ObjectDB (ObjectDB software)
c) Object Relational Database
d) Hierarchical Database: IMS (IBM), Windows Registry (Microsoft)
e) Network Database: CA-IDMS (Computer Associates), Image (HP)
2. Based on users:
a) Single user
b) Multiple user
3. Based on sites over which network is distributed:
a) Centralized
b) Parallel
c) Distributed:
i. Homogeneous
ii. Heterogeneous
d) Client-server Database
e) Multi-tier Client-server Database
4. Based on cost:
a) Low
b) Medium
 c) High

5. Based on access:
a) Sequential
b) Direct
c) Inverted file
6. Based on usage:
a) Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
b) Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
c) Big data and analytics : NoSQL (not only SQL)
d) XML :
i. Native XML
ii. Enabled XML
e) Multimedia
f) GIS: stores and queries the spatial data.
g) Sensor
h) Mobile
i) Open Source

SQLite

 It is light weight.
 It is a library embedded inside the end program. It is an in memory library.
 It is a relational database management system.
 It is not client-server database (i.e) server less.
 It is file based.
 Database’s content can be retrieved easily if lost.
 Can be used with majority of the programming languages without compatibility issues.
 Simple SQL queries can be used instead of procedural queries.
 There are no demon processes in this. All the actions are performed directly.
 It is not standalone. It can be static or dynamic according to the requirement.
 It has zero configuration (i.e) no set up.
 Stored in single file on computer disk storage.
 It is self-contained means no need to of external dependencies.
 Transactions are highly ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliant.

NoSQL(Not Only SQL)

 NoSQL databases and database management systems are relation less or schema less.
 They are not based or developed on one data model.
 Depending on the requirements, a data model is adopted by it.
 Offers heterogeneous data models in the same domain.
 This is for Big Data and real time web apps.
 It is to deal huge volumes of data.
 NoSQL scales-out better than relational databases.
 ACID properties are often not satisfied for providing scalability and throughput.
Realm DB
 The Realm Platform is actually made up of two major components. The Realm Database and the
Realm Object Server.

Object Relational Mapper (ORM)

 It is a querying language which lets manipulating data from database using object oriented
paradigm.
 It is a library.

Berkley DB
 It is an embedded database storage library.