BASIC RULES IN WRITING BAYBAYIN

 Baybayin is the Filipino native script writing.

 It has three (3) vowels and (14) consonants.
 All consonant characters in Baybayin has /a/
sounds. We use kudlit (a dot, slash,etc) on top of
the character to make it /e/ or /i/, while putting
it below the character to make it /o/ or /u/.
 To remove /a/ on the characters, just put krus-
kudlit or pamudpod to cross it out.We
recommend using pamudpod, instead.
 Some english alphabet has no direct equivalent
in Baybayin. Hence, it has to be Filipinized.
 Write the word based on how you pronounced
it.
Consonants
When
writing
Korean
consonants (자음, jaeum), the general rule is to start at the top left corner and work down to the bottom right. The topmost
horizontal stroke is usually first, followed by any vertical strokes. The images below show the generally accepted stroke
order:

For double characters, such as ㅃ and ㅉ, simply write the corresponding single character twice, close together, using the
same stroke order. Once proficiency in writing has been developed, one may develop shortcuts or different forms of short-
hand or cursive, for personal use. For example, ㄹ is often written similar to a backwards S as one stroke.

Vowels
With vowels (모음, moeum), the general rule is to move from left to right and top to bottom. If the character is a digraph
with both horizontal and vertical components, the horizontal vowel is written first, followed by the appending vertical
vowel to the right:

Syllables
In Hangeul, words are divided into blocks of characters, each block representing one syllable. For example, the word for
the Korean dietary staple, kimchi, has two syllables and is thus divided into two blocks of hangul characters:

ㄱㅣ
Letter (jamo):
ㅊ ㅣ => 김 치
ㅁ
gi
Romanization:
m
ch i 김치 (gimchi)

In modern Korean, no jamo may stand alone. Instead, they are grouped into syllables, each with an initial consonant
cluster (초성), a medial vowel or diphthong (중성), and optionally a final consonant cluster (종성).
The placement or "stacking" of jamo in the block follows set patterns based on the shape of the medial.
 The components of complex jamo such as ㅄ or ㅝ are written left to right.
 Medials are written under the initial, to the right, or wrap around the initial from bottom to right, depending on their
shape: If the medial has a horizontal axis like ㅡ eu, then it is written under the initial; if it has a vertical axis like
ㅣ i, then it is written to the right of the initial; and if it combines both orientations, like ㅢ ui, then it wraps around the
initial from the bottom to the right:

initial initial
2nd
initial medial
med.
medial 1st med.

 A final jamo, if there is one, is always written at the bottom, under the medial:
 initial initial 2nd
initial medial
medial 1st med. med.
final final final

Blocks are always written in phonetic order, initial-medial-final. The direction of the medial (horizontal or vertical) governs
the placement of the initial. These are the basic rules:
 Syllables with a horizontal medial are written downward: 읍
 Syllables with a vertical medial and simple final are written clockwise: 쌍
 Syllables with a wrapping medial switch direction (down-right-down): 된
 Syllables with a complex final are written left to right at the bottom: 밟

Initial consonant placeholder

When a syllable has no actual initial consonant, the null initial ㅇ (called 이응, ieung) is used as a placeholder. (No
placeholder is needed when there is no final.)
Examples:
 오이 (oi, "cucumber")
 왕 (wang, "king")
Horizontal medials
In a syllable with a horizontal medial (ㅛ, ㅗ, ㅡ, ㅜ, or ㅠ), the initial is written first, followed by the medial below it. With
ㄱ, the vowels look like this: 교, 고, 그, 구, 규. Any other consonant behaves the same: 표, 소, 드, 부, 류. Notice how the
protruding lines in each vowel nestle into any empty spaces in the consonant above it, particularly with ㄱ and ㅅ.
Vertical medials
In a syllable with a vertical medial (ㅑ, ㅏ, ㅕ, ㅓ, ㅣ, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅒ, or ㅖ), the initial is written to the left of the vowel. With ㄱ,
the vowels look like this: 갸, 가, 겨, 거, 기.
Wrapping medials
If the vowel is a wrapping medial (i.e. written with the digraphs ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅚ, ㅟ, ㅢ, ㅙ, or ㅞ), the initial is always in the top-
left area, with the diphthong surrounding the consonant on the bottom and right sides. With ㄱ, the vowels look like this:
과, 궈, 괴, 귀, 긔, 괘, 궤. Notice how ㅗ fits into spaces of the consonant above it. 안녕하세요(annyeonghaseyo)/(hello)
Finals
In a syllable with a final (받침, batchim), the initial and medial are written in the top of the block, as described above, and
the final is written below them. In few cases, a syllable will contain two finals. Then, the final written below is simply the
two characters next to each other.