Unit-2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

2. Systems Analysis

It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a
system into its components.

Analysis specifies what the system should do.

Systems Design

It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its
components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements.

System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.

System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on −

• Systems

• Processes

• Technology

3. Data collection and preparation :

Data collection is the systematic approach to gathering and measuring information from a variety of
sources to get a complete and accurate picture of an area of interest.

Methods of data collection for primary and secondary Data:

Primary data are original observations collected by the researcher or his agent for the first time for
any investigation and used by them in the statistical analysis

Secondary Data: Secondary data are collected by others and used by others.This information is known as,
given data is already collected from any one persons for some purpose, and it has available for the
present issues.
The data which are primary at one time may be secondary at another.

Methods of data collection of

PRIMARY DATA

• Direct personal investigation

• Interview/questionnaires

• Discussion with community leaders

SECONDARY DATA

• Official method

• Semi official method

for example ( News papers and Research organization like University)

4. Detailed system design

The detailed design of an Information System is closely related to the design of operating systems.

The aim of the detailed design is to furnish a description of a system that achieves the goal of the
conceptual system design requirements.

Document the detailed design:

Documentation Consists of

• A summary

• Detailed flowchart

• Operations activity sheets showing inputs, outputs and transfer functions.

• Specification of the data base or master file.

• Computer hardware requirements.

• Software (programs)

5. Implementation, evaluation and maintenance of MIS:

Once the design has been completed, there are four basic methods for implementing the MIS.

These ares-

• Install the system in a new operation or organization.

• Cut off the old system and install the new

• Cut over by segments

• Operate in parallel and cut over.

Plan the implementation:

The three main phases in implementation take place in series.

These are,

• The initial installation

• The test of the system as a whole

• The evaluation, maintenance and control of the system.

Implementation Tasks:

• The major implementation tasks consists of-

• Planning the implementation activities

• Acquiring and laying out facilities and offices

• Organizing the personnel for implementation

• Developing procedures for installation and testing

• Developing the training program for operating personnel.

• Completing the system’s software

• Acquiring required hardware

• Generating files

• Designing forms

• Testing the entire system

• Completing cutover to the new system

• Documenting the system

• Evaluating the MIS

• Providing system maintenance(debugging and improving)

6. Pitfalls in MIS Development: ( Pitfalls- Disadvantages)

• Organization does not have a reliable management system

• Organization has not defined its mission clearly

• Organization’s objectives have not been specified

• Management lacks interest in MIS development process &

relies solely on MIS development’s specification.

• Communication gap exists between MIS development team

and the management

• MIS development team is incompetent