1.

Sumerian Civilization

WHEELS - The oldest existing wheel in Mesopotamia can be dated back to 3500 BC. The Sumerians first
used circular sections of logs as wheels to carry heavy objects, joining them together and rolling them
along. Subsequently, they invented the sledge and then combined the two. Eventually, they decided to
drill a hole through the frame of the cart and make a place for the axle. Now both the wheels and axles
could be used separately.

This invention of Sumerians made a every huge impact in today's transportation. It made transporting
goods from one place to another easier. It also helps people in travelling from one place to another using
cars, airplanes or motorcycles. It is also being used in machines in the industry.

2. Babylonian Civilization

MAP - An ancient Babylonian cartographer created the world’s first map on a clay tablet in 2300 BC. The
map covers a small region of Babylonia during the Akkadian Empire. It shows trade routes and was used
as a reference during military campaigns, hunting, and exploration. The Babylonian Map of the World is
circular and depicts mountains, rivers, canals, and swamps. The seven small circles on the map represent
the seven Babylonian cities. It can now be found in the British Museum.

Maps have immense importance even in the contemporary world, where we rely on Google Maps for
many of our journeys.

3. Egyptian Civilization

Papyrus Sheets - what many people don't know is that the Egyptians had developed an admirable
substitute thousands of years earlier from the papyrus plant. This stiff, reedlike plant grew (and
continues to grow) in the marshy areas lining the Nile, among other places. Its tough, fibrous interior
proved ideal for making durable sheets of writing material, along with sails, sandals, mats and other
necessities of ancient Egyptian life. After the sheets were made, they were often combined into scrolls,
which were then filled with everything from religious texts to literature and even music.

Invention of papers which are being used in collecting and storing many historical data during the
ancient times are now being used to better understand them and learn from their ways which makes
our life now easier.
4. Greek Civilization

Earliest Practice of Medicine - Back then, diseases were supposed to be the gods’ way of punishing
humans and all possible remedies were surrounded by superstition. That all changed when Hippocrates
of Cos started to collect data and conduct experiments to show that disease was a natural process; that
the signs and symptoms of a disease were caused by the natural reactions of the body to the disease
process.

The most famous of his contributions is the Hippocratic Oath. It was this document that first proposed an
ethical standard among doctors. It covers many important concepts which are still used today such as
doctor–patient confidentiality.

5. Roman Civilization

Roads and Highways - “All Roads Lead to Rome”. This expression doesn’t just refer to the vastness of the
Roman Empire. The Romans were the ones who invented roads (and concrete!). The “highways” of the
time were built primarily for military purposes and economy stimulation, but they were so well-made
that many of them are still in use today. The Romans built about 55,000 miles across the entire Empire
out of gravel, dirt, and granite, and they also were the first civilization to use road signs and “highway
patrols”.

6. Chinese Civilization

Gun powder -

Whilst the Chinese tended to use it for more benign applications like fireworks; the Europeans soon
realized its deadly battlefield potential. But that's not to say they didn't also recognize its potential for
war.