Modulation Toolkit 2.

0 for LabVIEW
Digital and Analog Modulation and Demodulation NEW
Communications Analysis Tools
Modulation/Demodulation Visualization and Analysis
• 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, 64-, 128-, 256-QAM • Trellis Diagrams
• 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-FSK • Constellation plot
• MSK and GMSK • 2D & 3D Eye Diagrams
• 8-, 16-, 64-PSK Digital Modulation Impairments
• BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, DQPSK, ∏–4 • Multi-tone
DQPSK • DC Offset
• AM, FM, PM • Fading Profile
Modulation Analysis Functions • Frequency Offset
• ρ (Rho) • Quadrature Skew
• DC Offset • IQ Gain Imbalance
• Phase Error • Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
• Quadrature Skew System Requirements
• IQ Gain Imbalance • 256 MB of RAM minimum
• Bit Error Rate (BER) • Windows XP/2000/NT/Me/98
• Frequency Deviation • LabVIEW 6.1 or later (Full or Pro)
• Burst Timing measurements
• Modulation Error Ratio (MER) Over 60 Examples
• Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) • Simulation
• Signal generation and acquisition

Overview Analyze Simulated, Previously Acquired,

The National Instruments Modulation Toolkit extends the built-in
analysis capability of LabVIEW with functions and tools for signal
generation, analysis, visualization, and processing of common digital
and analog modulation formats. With this toolkit, you can rapidly
develop custom applications for research, design, characterization,
validation, and test of communications systems and components
that modulate or demodulate signals. Applications for the
Modulation Toolkit are numerous; the included digital modulation
formats, QAM, FSK, PSK, and MSK, are the foundation of numerous
digital communication standards found in an increasing breadth of
electronics such as GSM, CDMA, 802.11x wireless Ethernet, satellite
communications, and commercial broadcast among others.
Flexible to Meet Your Needs
A key feature of the Modulation Toolkit is flexibility which is
important given the rapidly changing nature of communications
research, applications, and standards. Flexibility results from the
integration of the Modulation Toolkit with the LabVIEW
development environment—engineers can easily combine the
modulation-specific analysis of this toolkit with the general-purpose
analysis, signal processing, visualization, and instrument control
tools of LabVIEW. With the Modulation Toolkit, engineers can wire
together a complete “software radio” built around analog or digital
modulation. This capability not only enables rapid implementation
of simulations but also streamlines the development of test and
measurement applications that must quantify the quality of
transmitter modulation or receiver demodulation.
or Live Data
By installing the Modulation Toolkit, you enhance LabVIEW with new
palette VIs (virtual instruments) and examples. You can apply these
new components for hardware-independent simulation where you
work with pre-acquired data from a file or generated by a simulation
model. You can also integrate the functions with high-frequency design
tools to address the complexity of accurate source and component
design verification through linking a behavioral model for simulation
directly to automated test system results.
By working within the LabVIEW development environment, you can
also easily wire Toolkit VIs together with other VIs that control
acquisition or signal generation hardware. Custom applications built
with the Modulation Toolkit can control PC-based modular instruments
from National Instruments as well as send commands and acquire data
from a traditional instrument connected to a PC through GPIB, Ethernet,
or any other communication protocol supported by LabVIEW.
The Modulation Toolkit complements the National Instruments
PXI-5660 RF Vector Signal Analyzer and the PXI-5670 RF Vector Signal
Generator. By combining the functionality of the RF Vector Signal
Analyzer, RF Vector Signal Generator, and the Modulation Toolkit, you
have a virtual instrumentation platform with vector signal and
modulation analysis and generation capabilities along with
customizable functionality not available in traditional box-based
instruments. For lower frequency operation (baseband or IF signals)
the Modulation Toolkit works with the 100 MHz Mixed Signal Test
Platform family of digitizer, AWG, and digital signal I/O products.
 Function Description and Highlights
Visualization
MT Display 3D Eye
MT Format Constellation
MT Format Eye Diagram
Figure 1. This front panel for π/4 DQPSK is one of over 60 example VIs that ship with the
MT Format Trellis Diagram
Modulation Toolkit. Use these working examples or customize them to meet your needs.
Patent-Pending. Formats complex-valued signal data for a 3D
eye diagram display on a standard LabVIEW 3D graph. This 3D
version of the related visualization function - MT Format Eye
Diagram - inputs similar parameters as that function and uses
the extra dimension to generate a simultaneous view of both
the constellation plot and eye diagram of the I and Q
signal components.
Formats complex-valued signal data for a constellation
style display on a standard LabVIEW XY graph. You input the
samples per symbol parameter and this function prepares
plots that show symbol locations and transitions as points
and lines, respectively.
Formats complex-valued signal data for an eye diagram style
display on a standard LabVIEW waveform graph. You specify
the symbol rate, the number of eyes to plot, and choose either
the I or Q component and this function will plot multiple,
overlapping traces that show eye-length blocks of your signal.
Formats complex-valued signal data for a trellis diagram
style display on a standard LabVIEW waveform graph.

Digital Utilities
Modeling Impairments
MT IQ to XY Graph Formats the I-Q data for plotting on a LabVIEW XY graph.
MT Add AWGN Generates zero-mean complex additive white Gaussian noise
The function extracts the I and Q data into two arrays
(AWGN) and adds it to the complex-valued baseband
(X and Y) which are bundled into the I vs. Q graph output.
modulated waveform, returning a signal–plus–noise
MT Get Complex Extracts the desired component (I, Q, magnitude,
waveform having a user-specified Eb/N0.
IQ Component and phase) from the I-Q data.
MT Add MultiTone Generates one or more tones at user-specified frequencies
MT Fractional Resample Inputs a complex-valued waveform and resamples and/or
and amplitudes and adds these to the complex-valued
realigns it based on the input parameters that you specify.
baseband modulated waveform, returning a signal-plus-
MT Generate Filter Calculates filter coefficients for pulse shaping and
tones waveform.
Coefficients matched filters applied by the digital modulation and
MT Apply Fading Profile Applies a user-defined profile to fade the complex-valued
demodulation VIs.
baseband modulated waveform. You can use standard
MT Generate FSK Calculates parameters for use with either the MT Modulate
analysis functions from LabVIEW to generate fading profiles
System Parameters FSK VI or the MT Demodulate FSK VI.
such as Raleigh and Rician and then apply the profile to the
signal using this VI. MT Generate MSK Calculates parameters for use with either the MT Modulate
MT Apply I-Q Impairments Applies various I-Q impairments to the complex-valued System Parameters MSK VI or the MT Demodulate MSK VI.
baseband modulated waveform including DC Offset, IQ Gain MT Generate PSK Calculates parameters for use with either the MT Modulate
System Parameters PSK VI or the MT Demodulate PSK VI.
Imbalance, Quadrature Skew and Frequency Offset.
MT Generate QAM Calculates parameters for use with either the MT Modulate
Measurements System Parameters QAM VI or the MT Demodulate QAM VI.
MT Calculate BER Calculates the average bit error rate (BER) against a PN
Digital Modulation
After Trigger sequence. The BER calculation initiates after a trigger which
MT Generate Bits Generates a message sequence composed of bit stream types
allows you to start a measurement with the transmitter
that include a PN (pseudorandom noise) sequence, a
initially off and not have the off state BER rate skew the
pre-defined repetitive pattern sequence or user-specified
true measurement.
repeating bit patterns.
MT Measure Burst Timing Compares an input complex-valued waveform containing a
MT Modulate FSK Supports either continuous or discontinuous phase frequency
burst signal with user-defined masks that specify upper and
shift key modulation with pulse shaping.
lower bounds for an ideal power curve. Also calculates the
MT Modulate MSK Performs minimum shift key modulation with optional
amplitude droop and crest factor.
differential encoding with pulse shaping.
MT Measure MSK Calculates the DC Offset, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, Error
MT Modulate PSK Applies normal, shifted, or offset phase shift key modulation
Quadrature Impairments Vector Magnitude (EVM), Modulation Error Ratio, IQ Gain
with optional differential encoding with pulse shaping.
Imbalance, and Quadrature Skew for a demodulated signal.
MT Modulate QAM Applies Quadrature Amplitude Modulation with pulse shaping.
Finds DC Offset measurements that include I, Q, and origin.
The Toolkit works with user defined symbol maps or one of the
Returns peak, RMS, and per-symbol EVM, Magnitude,
pre-defined symbol maps for 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256-QAM.
and Phase Errors.
MT Spread Symbols Applies a spreading code that you specify to an input
MT Measure PSK Calculates the DC Offset, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, Error
bit stream.
Quadrature Impairments Vector Magnitude (EVM), Modulation Error Ratio, IQ Gain
Imbalance, and Quadrature Skew for a demodulated signal.
Digital Demodulation
Finds DC Offset measurements that include I, Q, and origin.
MT Demodulate FSK Demodulates a frequency shift key modulated complex-valued
Returns peak, RMS, and per-symbol EVM, Magnitude,
baseband waveform and returns the time-aligned demodulated
and Phase Errors.
waveform, the demodulated information bit stream, and
MT Measure QAM Calculates the DC Offset, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, Error
measurement results obtained during demodulation.
Quadrature Impairments Vector Magnitude (EVM), Modulation Error Ratio, IQ Gain
MT Demodulate MSK Demodulates a minimum shift key modulated complex-valued
Imbalance, and Quadrature Skew for a demodulated signal.
baseband waveform and returns the time-aligned oversampled
Finds DC Offset measurements that include I, Q, and origin.
complex-valued waveform, the ideal oversampled waveform,
Returns peak, RMS, and per-symbol EVM, Magnitude,
the demodulated bit stream, and the results of offset and
and Phase Errors.
drift measurements.
MT Measure Rho Calculates _ (rho) given an acquired and ideal waveform.
MT Demodulate PSK Demodulates a phase shift key modulated complex-valued
(rho) is a measure of correlation between the measured
baseband waveform and returns the time-aligned oversampled
complex-valued waveform and the ideal complex-
complex-valued waveform, the demodulated bit stream, and
valued waveform.
measurement results obtained during demodulation.
MT Demodulate QAM Demodulates a quadrature amplitude modulated complex-
valued baseband waveform and returns the time-aligned
oversampled complex-valued waveform, the demodulated bit
stream, and the results of offset and drift measurements.
MT Despread Symbols Performs the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
despreading operation on a spread sequence of data bits.

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 Function Description and Highlights
Analog Modulation
MT Modulate AM Applies double sideband (DSB) amplitude modulation with a
user-specified modulation index.
MT Modulate FM Applies frequency modulation with a user-specified
frequency deviation.
MT Modulate PM Applies phase modulation with a user-specified phase deviation.

MT Upconvert Baseband Upconverts baseband I-Q (complex envelope) data to the

real-valued passband equivalent at a user-specified
carrier frequency.

Analog Demodulation
MT Demodulate AM Demodulates a double side-band (DSB) amplitude modulated
signal with a user-specified modulation index.
MT Demodulate FM Demodulates a frequency-modulated signal with user- Figure 2. 3D/2D Eye Diagrams for a PSK modulated signal. Unlike a standard 2D eye
specified FM deviation. Optional carrier correction can reduce
DC offset due to differences between the actual and diagram (right), which can only display the I or Q component one at a time, a 3D plot (left)
expected carrier frequency. The carrier correction is software visually separates the I and Q components of a PSK modulated signal.
only and does not establish a lock with the unit under test.
MT Demodulate PM Demodulates a phase-modulated signal with a user-specified
phase deviation. Optional carrier correction that can reduce
DC offset due to differences between the actual and
expected carrier frequency.
MT Downconvert Downconverts real-valued passband data at a user-specified
Passband carrier frequency to I-Q baseband data. You can optionally
enable a software FIR bandpass filter with a user-specified
bandwidth to isolate the signal of interest after the
downconversion.

Ordering Information
LabVIEW Modulation Toolkit 778786-03

BUY ONLINE!
Visit ni.com/info and enter modulation toolkit.
Figure 3. Bit Error Rate (BER) versus Eb/N0 curve for 4-ary, 16-ary, and 64-ary
QAM demodulators.

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