CE155 Estimating Lecture 3 PDF

CE155 – ESTIMATING AND VALUE ENGINEERING
INSTRUCTOR: LAMBERTO B. MARCIAL JR., M.S.C.M.

MEASURING QUANTITIES AND ITEMS OF
WORK IN BUILDINGS
MEASURING ITEMS OF WORKS IN
BUILDING PROJECTS: STRUCTURAL WORKS
Structural works in construction are the works

related to constructing the building frame such as
foundations, columns, beams, girders, and slabs.
These includes:
Formworks Installation
Rebar installation
Concrete pouring
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE – It is concrete
deposited in the place where it is required to
harden as part of the structure.
Rules of Measurement:
- Concrete volume is measured by cubic meters and based
on the dimensions of each structural member.
- Deductions are not made for the following:

• Reinforcement
• Steel sections
• Voids < 0.05m3 in volume (except voids in troughed and coffered
slabs)
FORMWORK– It is a temporary construction to
contain wet concrete in the required shape while it
is cast and setting.
This can be made of steel, wood, aluminum and/or

prefabricated forms.
- It is measured to the faces of all cast in place concrete
which requires to be supported while the concrete sets.
- No deductions shall be made for voids < 5.00m2.
REINFORCING STEEL – It is a steel bar or mesh
of steel wires used in reinforced concrete and
masonry structures to strengthen and hold the
concrete in tension.
- Measure separately for different types of steel bar
- Measure separately for different size/diameter
- Forming hooks, tying wire, spacers, cutting/splicing and
bending are deemed included.
CONCRETE COVER PROVISION
Concrete cover is the distance from the outer face

of an element to the outer girth of reinforcement
and is provided to ensure that there is adequate
protection to steel reinforcements that are not
exposed from the concrete and thus prevent
rusting.
CONCRETE COVER PROVISION

ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH
Lap length is the length of bar overlap when bars

are tied together for extending the reinforcement
length.
Anchorage length is the additional length of steel

required to be inserted from one structural member
into another structural member at the junction.
ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH

HOOKS
These are very significant especially when

measuring links or reinforcement that is bent up or
bent around another bar. These are usually given
as multiples of bar diameter or given as specific
lengths in tabulated form.
HOOKS
STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT
• Make sure to read the specifications or general

notes and checked all notes on plans you will be
using and all other relevant documents.
• Study carefully the drawings and details given.

Make sure that you understand clearly the
details given.
• Check if there is enough information given to be

able to measure lengths. Be sure to check
specifications and general notes.
• Tick off or loop through bar marks measured to

check if all reinforcement for the particular
element has already been taken or measured.
• If there are any uncertainties in the details, make

a query on this.
• Check for any assumptions made to be put in

measurement notes.
• If there are any uncertainties in the details, make

a query on this.
• Check for any assumptions made to be put in

measurement notes.
Unit weight of rebar per meter is calculated by the

surface area of steel multiply by the density of steel.
Thus,
Kg/m = (π D2/4) x 7850 kg/m3
Or simply:
Kg/m = D x D x 6165 Kg/m3
STEPS FOR MEASURING BEAM REINFORCEMENT
• Typically, reinforcement to ordinary beams will

comprise of top bar reinforcement, bottom bar
reinforcement, links or stirrups and side bars.
• End conditions for beams are usually given with

anchorage length, either given lengths in
tabulated form or given as multiples of bar
diameter.
• Pay particular attention where anchorage length

is measured from, which is usually from the
inner face of support or from the centerline of
support.


COMPUTATION FOR LENGTHS & NUMBER OF STIRRUPS
Computation for length of outer stirrups / links

S = 2 x (w + d) – 8 x cc + hook
where:
s = stirrup / link
w = width of beam
d = depth of beam
cc = concrete cover
hook = specified length or as multiples of stirrup diameter
Computation for the number of outer stirrups / links

N = (L – 2 x cover from face of support) / spacing + 1
where:
N = number of stirrups / links
L = clear length
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Compute for the

concrete, formwork and
reinforcement of girders
G9 @GL A-B/5 AND
G1A @GL B-D/5
Given:
C1= 250x400mm
C2A = 250x550mm
C2B = 200x400mm
Slab Thickness = 100mm
SAMPLE PROBLEM
C1 C2A C2B
Given:
C1= 250x400mm
C2A = 250x550mm
C2B = 200x400mm
G9 = 300X600mm
G1A = 200X400mm
Slab Thickness = 100mm
SOLUTION:
FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:
Concrete Volume = Clear Length X Beam Width X Beam Depth
Formworks:
To Soffit = Clear Length X Beam Width
To Sides(Internal) = Clear Length X (Beam Depth – Slab Thickness)
Total Formworks = (Sides + Soffit)

SOLUTION:

Discontinuous @ left support
Continuous @ right support
Reinforcement Total Weight = No. of Bars x Total Length x Weight

Factor
For Main Top Bars:

Total length = clear length + anchorage length + C2A half-width
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
SOLUTION:

Discontinuous @ left support
Continuous @ right support
Reinforcement Total Weight = No. of Bars x Total Length x Weight

Factor
For Main Top Bars:

Total length = clear length + anchorage length + C2A half-width
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
SOLUTION:
For Extra Top Bars (discontinuous @ left support):

Total length = (0.25*L1)+ anchorage length
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
For Extra Top Bars (continuous @ right support):

Total length = (0.31*L1)+ C2A half-width
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
SOLUTION:
For Main Bottom Bars:

Total length = Clear Length + Anchorage Length + C2A half-width
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
For Extra Middle Bottom Bars:

Total length = Clear Length - (0.125*L1) - (0.125*L2)
No. of bars =
Weight factor =
Total weight =
SOLUTION:
For Web Bars:

Total weight = No. of Bars X Clear Length X Weight Factor
TOTAL WEIGHT (for 25-mm bars) =

SOLUTION:
For Stirrups:
Total length = [(2xBeam width)+(2xBeam Depth)] – (8*concrete cover)
+ hooks
No. of bars @ rest = [Clear length – (no of bars * given spacing)] – 1
spacing @ rest
Note: Round off to determine no. of bars; if negative, this means there is no more stirrups @ rest part.
Total No. of Bars =

Weight factor (10mm) =
TOTAL WEIGHT (for 10-mm bars) =

MEASURING SLAB REINFORCEMENT
There are two general types of slabs with regards

to its load carrying capacity:
• One way slab - slab supported by beam / wall

support (parallel to the long span) and whose
reinforcement runs in one direction only, i.e. from
support to support.
• S/L < 0.50 : S = SHORT SPAN, L = LONG SPAN
REINFORCEMENT OF ONE-WAY SLAB
REINFORCEMENT OF ONE-WAY SLAB
• Two-way slab – slabs which are supported on

four sides and are reinforced in two directions.
Reinforcement is placed in such a way to
transmit loads to the four supporting beams.
• S/L > 0.50 : S = SHORT SPAN, L = LONG SPAN

REINFORCEMENT OF TWO-WAY SLAB
REINFORCEMENT OF TWO-WAY SLAB
• Always check if distribution bars have been

provided, especially for top bars. Unless top
bars are continuous from support to support,
there will always be distribution bars to main top
bars.
• Pay careful attention that spacing for bars are

not interchanged between the two directions.
• Extra details may be provided or adjustments

are to be made.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Compute for the concrete,

formwork and reinforcement
of Slabs S-1 AND S-4
Given:
C1A = 200X400MM
CG1A = 200X400MM
G1 = 200X400MM
G1A = 200X400MM
G2 = 200X450MM
G6 = 250X600MM
G7 = 250X600MM
B2 = 200X450MM
Concrete Cover = 20MM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
S-1(ONE-WAY):
SS = SHORT SPAN LS = LONG SPAN

Clear length @SS = 1.675 – C1A width Clear length @LS = 4.2 + 1.75 – CG1A width
= 1.675 – 0.2 = 1.475m = 4.2 + 1.75 – 0.2 = 5.75m
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-1):
Given: C1A: 200x400mm G6: 250x600mm
CG1A: 200x400mm G7: 250x600mm
G1: 200x400mm Concrete Cover = 20mm
Clear Length (CL):

CL @ Long Span = 4.2 + 1.75 – CG1A width
= 4.2 + 1.75 – 0.2 = 5.75m
CL @ Short Span = 1.675 – C1A width = 1.675 – 0.2 = 1.475m
𝑆𝑆 1.475
= = 0.26 < 0.5 ; 𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝐿𝑆 1.675
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-1):
Long Span:
No. of bars = (CL @ LS – 2* CC) + 1
Spacing @ LS (Top-End)
Top Bars (10-mm) @ left end = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total length = (CL @ SS)/3 + Anchorage length
Top Bars (10-mm) @ right end = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total length = (CL @ SS)/3 + G6 width/2
Bottom bars (10-mm) = No. of bars x total length x weight factor

Total length = CL@SS+ Anchorage Length + G6 Width / 2
Total weight @ Long Span =

SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-1):
Short Span:
For top bars (Left and Right End):
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 3) – CC) + 1
Spacing @ SS (Top-End)
Top Bars (10-mm) @ left and right end = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total length = (CL @ LS) + (G7 Width / 2) + (CG1A Width / 2)
Bottom bars (10-mm) @left end = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 7) – CC) + 1
Spacing @ SS (Bottom-End)
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 5) – CC) + 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-1):
Short Span:
For top bars (Left and Right End):
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 3) – CC) + 1
Spacing @ SS (Top-End)
Top Bars (10-mm) @ left and right end = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 7) – CC) + 1
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS / 5) – CC) + 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-1):
Short Span:
Bottom bars (10-mm) @ middle = No. of bars x total length x weight factor
No. of bars = ((CL @ SS) - (CL @ SS / 7) - ((CL @ SS / 5)) -1
Spacing @ SS (Bottom - Middle)
Total weight @ Short Span =

SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Slab (S-4):
SS = SHORT SPAN
Clear length @SS = 3.60m
LS = LONG SPAN
Clear length @LS = 6.20m
MEASURING COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
Basically, column reinforcement is made up of
vertical bars and links.
Computation for vertical bars:
• When measuring vertical bars, always check the
end conditions of the bars and check for location
of laps / anchorage lengths. Floor to floor height
must be verified from the framing plans,
especially at termination points.
MEASURING COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
Computation for links in column:

• Length of links – can be computed in similar way as the
links / stirrups in beam
Number of links:
• There are two (2) conditions to consider when computing
for number of links:
1. when links are to be provided at clear height only
2. when links are provided at entire floor height
including at intersections with other members
TYPICAL COLUMN DETAIL:
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Compute for the concrete, formwork and reinforcement of column C1 @GL
F/2 from ground to 2nd floor only. Assume: 3meters – Floor to floor height
FOUNDATION PLAN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Compute for the concrete, formwork and reinforcement of column C1 @GL
F/2 from ground to 2nd floor only. Assume: 3meters – Floor to floor height
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Column (C-1):
Given: C1: 200x400mm CG1A: 200x400mm
G1: 200x400mm floor to floor height = 3m
beam depth = 0.4m clear length = 3 – 0.4 = 2.6m
concrete cover @column & beams = 25mm
Vertical main bars (φ16mm) = no. of bars x floor to floor height x

weight factor
For confinement, lateral, and joint ties:
For confinement ties:
Confinement height as per column schedule = 0.5m

SAMPLE PROBLEM
For confinement ties:
Confinement height as per column schedule = 0.5m

No. of bars = Confinement Height – Concrete Distance from the face of support + 1
Spacing @ ties “a”
Outer ties (Φ10mm) @ confinement:

Top & Bottom = 2 x no. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total Length = same as stirrups
Inner ties (Φ10mm) @ confinement:

Total Length = width – 2*cc + hooks
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Joint ties:
Joint Height = beam or slab depth
No. of bars = Joint Height - 2*cc @ beam or slab + 1
Spacing @ ties “a”
Outer ties (Φ10mm) @ joint:

Outer ties = no. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total Length =
Inner ties (Φ10mm) @ joint:

Inner ties = no. of bars x total length x weight factor
Total Length = width – 2*cc + hooks
TOTAL REINFORCEMENT @ COLUMN:

Φ16mm =
Φ10mm =
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Compute for the concrete, formwork and reinforcement of footing F6 @ GL –
D/1.
FOUNDATION PLAN
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
SAMPLE PROBLEM
For Footing F6 @ GL D/1:
For Bars ‘C’ = Bottom bars along L

Bars ‘C’ (Φ16mm) = no. of bars x total length x weight factor
No. of bars = per schedule
Total Length = Length of ‘W’ – 2*cc + anchorage length
For Bars ‘D’ = Bottom bars along W

Bars ‘D’ (Φ16mm) = no. of bars x total length x weight factor
No. of bars = per schedule
Total Length = Length of ‘L’ – 2*cc + anchorage length

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CE155 – ESTIMATING AND VALUE ENGINEERING

INSTRUCTOR: LAMBERTO B. MARCIAL JR., M.S.C.M.

Structural works in construction are the works

- Deductions are not made for the following:

This can be made of steel, wood, aluminum and/or

CONCRETE COVER PROVISION

Concrete cover is the distance from the outer face

CONCRETE COVER PROVISION

ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH

Lap length is the length of bar overlap when bars

Anchorage length is the additional length of steel

ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH

These are very significant especially when

STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT

• Make sure to read the specifications or general

• Study carefully the drawings and details given.

STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT

• Check if there is enough information given to be

• Tick off or loop through bar marks measured to

STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT

• If there are any uncertainties in the details, make

• Check for any assumptions made to be put in

STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT

• If there are any uncertainties in the details, make

• Check for any assumptions made to be put in

STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT

Unit weight of rebar per meter is calculated by the

STEPS FOR MEASURING BEAM REINFORCEMENT

• Typically, reinforcement to ordinary beams will

• End conditions for beams are usually given with

STEPS FOR MEASURING BEAM REINFORCEMENT

• Pay particular attention where anchorage length

STEPS FOR MEASURING BEAM REINFORCEMENT

STEPS FOR MEASURING BEAM REINFORCEMENT

Computation for length of outer stirrups / links

Computation for the number of outer stirrups / links

Compute for the

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

Concrete Volume = Clear Length X Beam Width X Beam Depth

To Soffit = Clear Length X Beam Width

To Sides(Internal) = Clear Length X (Beam Depth – Slab Thickness)

Total Formworks = (Sides + Soffit)

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

Reinforcement Total Weight = No. of Bars x Total Length x Weight

For Main Top Bars:

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

Reinforcement Total Weight = No. of Bars x Total Length x Weight

For Main Top Bars:

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

For Extra Top Bars (discontinuous @ left support):

For Extra Top Bars (continuous @ right support):

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

For Main Bottom Bars:

For Extra Middle Bottom Bars:

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

For Web Bars:

TOTAL WEIGHT (for 25-mm bars) =

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

Total No. of Bars =

TOTAL WEIGHT (for 10-mm bars) =

There are two general types of slabs with regards

• One way slab - slab supported by beam / wall