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Configurative Design A Generative Approach to Digitization,

Digitalization, and Digital Transformation in Architectural and Urban
Design

Presentation · October 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23990.86081

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Pirouz Nourian
Delft University of Technology
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Configurative Design

A Generative Approach
to
Digitization, Digitalization, and Digital Transformation
in
Architectural and Urban Design

Dr. Pirouz Nourian

Assistant Professor of Design Informatics
Department of Architectural Engineering & Technology
1
Faculty of Architecture & Built Environment
What [Generally]
Definition Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Configurative computational design is an interactive
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
approach to spatial design that seeks to enhance the quality
Spatial Ergonomics of the living environment by providing a common language
Accessibility for inhabitants, architects, and digital computers to
Centrality represent, understand, and reflect on spatial organization.
What [Specifically] This lecture will reflect on the aim, the necessity, and the
Computational Design Paradigms
methodologies of configurative computational design. A way
Digitization
Digitalization
to govern spatial living quality standards, on a mass scale, is
Digital Transformation to devise and validate configurational evaluation models. In
How [Methodology] line with new models of governance, configurative
Feedforward (Generative) Design computational design can utilize serious gaming to provide
Regularization & Discretization
for participatory design and orderly self-organization. In
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
particular, configurative design lays a foundation for
Configurational Analysis addressing such spatial qualities as those related to
Configurational Synthesis ergonomics and human factors, as well as social interaction
Designing as Gaming potentials, safety, integration, and liveliness.
Future Work
Photo Cred it Juliana Malta
About Me

human movement connects space and time in built environment

2
What [Generally]
Definition Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Configurative computational design is an interactive
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
approach to spatial design that seeks to enhance the quality
Spatial Ergonomics of the living environment by providing a common language
Accessibility for inhabitants, architects, and digital computers to
Centrality represent, understand, and reflect on spatial organization.
What [Specifically] This lecture will reflect on the aim, the necessity, and the
Computational Design Paradigms
methodologies of configurative computational design. A way
Digitization
Digitalization
to govern spatial living quality standards, on a mass scale, is
Digital Transformation to devise and validate configurational evaluation models. In
How [Methodology] line with new models of governance, configurative
Feedforward (Generative) Design computational design can utilize serious gaming to provide
Regularization & Discretization
for participatory design and orderly self-organization. In
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
particular, configurative design lays a foundation for
Configurational Analysis addressing such spatial qualities as those related to
Configurational Synthesis ergonomics and human factors, as well as social interaction
Designing as Gaming potentials, safety, integration, and liveliness.
Future Work
Photo Cred it Juliana Malta
About Me

human movement connects space and time in built environment

3
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 1: distance is RARELY equal to the length of a straight-line.
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Distance is the length of an optimal path, preferably measured in travel-time.
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

4
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 2: The world of a pedestrian is not flat, it is a manifold.
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Walkable spaces can be abstracted as 2-manifolds (topological objects).
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] https://www.davidrumsey.com/view/google-earth

Feedforward (Generative) Design

Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
In plain language, a 2-manifold is a topological space that is everywhere locally similar (homeomorphic) to a 2-dimensional Euclidean space (a plane).

5
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 3: Built Space is Non-Euclidean
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
“everything is connected to everything else but closer things are more connected
Generality than distant things” Waldo Tobler, the first law of geography
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

https://atlas-transmanche.certic.unicaen.fr/en/page-485.html

6
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 4: The Shape of the Environment Shapes the Behaviour
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
“We shape our buildings, thereafter they shape us!” Winston Churchill
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

https://www.nationalreview.com/2014/12/kafkaesque-governance-alex-entz/ https://wearemusketeers.com/5-inspiring-office-spaces/
7
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 5: Technology ≠ Methodology
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Methodological Objects : Procedures, Algorithms, Mathematical Methods
Generality
Inclusivity
Technological Objects: Tools, Programming Languages, Robots
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me Image Credits: https://www.techtricksworld.com/charles-babbage/ & https://iq.intel.com.au/ada-lovelace-the-first-computer-programmer/

What Did Ada Lovelace's Program Actually Do?

8
What [Generally]
Definition Principle 6: The World of Digital Computing is Discrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
And there is nothing inferior or wrong about discrete models!
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Image Credits: https://izquotes.com/quote/doron-zeilberger/conventional-wisdom-fooled-by-our-misleading-physical-intuition-is-that-the-real-world-is-280416

9
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
What is the purpose of configurative design?
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity The holy grail of computational design is
Why [Specifically] the ability to objectively derive both the configuration and the shape
Spatial Ergonomics
from given functional requirements.
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms redefining spatial design
Digitization
Digitalization as a scientific problem-solving process, thus defining
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] a mathematical language for spatial design, ensuring
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
objectivity, generality, and inclusivity
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

10
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
What is the purpose of configurative design?
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity The holy grail of computational design is
Why [Specifically] the ability to objectively derive both the configuration and the shape
Spatial Ergonomics
from given functional requirements.
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms redefining spatial design
Digitization
Digitalization as a scientific problem-solving process, thus defining
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] a mathematical language for spatial design, ensuring
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
objectivity, generality, and inclusivity
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming the spirit of
Future Work
About Me the law
11
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
What is the purpose of configurative design?
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity The holy grail of computational design is
Why [Specifically] the ability to objectively derive both the configuration and the shape
Spatial Ergonomics
from given functional requirements.
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms redefining spatial design
Digitization
Digitalization as a scientific problem-solving process, thus defining
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] a mathematical language for spatial design, ensuring
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
objectivity, generality, and inclusivity
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming the spirit of
Future Work
About Me design regulations
12
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
What is the purpose of configurative design?
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity The holy grail of computational design is
Why [Specifically] the ability to objectively derive both the configuration and the shape
Spatial Ergonomics
from given functional requirements.
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms redefining spatial design
Digitization
Digitalization as a scientific problem-solving process, thus defining
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] a mathematical language for spatial design, ensuring
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
objectivity, generality, and inclusivity
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming the spirit of
Future Work
About Me new governance models
13
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me an opposing view: http://moss-design.com/kitchen-work-triangle/

Lillian Moller Gilbreth’s time & motion studies

14
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design Le Corbousier’s Modulor
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
http://www.willowgarage.com/blog/2009/09/04/robot-comics-path-planning

Images from: Architect’s data,

Ernst & Peter Neufert 15
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 16
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis Geometrically, this walkable space is a 3D object
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
The walkable space in any building is a 2-Manifold

https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 17
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis Geometrically, this walkable space is a 3D object
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
The walkable space in any building is a 2-Manifold

https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 18
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
1) Spatial Ergonomics and Human Factors
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Every building is a folded [mini]city within walls,
Future Work
About Me
the corridors are the streets, the rooms/spaces are the building plots

https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 19
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
2) Accessibility, temporal efficiency & spatial justice
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Image (Left): https://www.archdaily.com/909025/why-are-architects-still-struggling-with-disability-requirements Image (Right): https://www.123rf.com/photo_6317298_airline-passengers-walking-in-the-airport-terminal.html
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming temporal efficiency (an aggregate indicator of logistic efficiency)
Future Work
About Me 𝜂 = ෍ ෍ 𝑇𝑖,𝑗 𝐷𝑖,𝑗
𝑖 𝑗

20
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
2) Accessibility, temporal efficiency & spatial justice
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] Euclidean circle
Feedforward (Generative) Design does not show the
Regularization & Discretization catchment area
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

21
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
2) Accessibility, temporal efficiency & spatial justice
Why [Specifically] Crisp Fuzzy
Spatial Ergonomics To ALL (10 Min) To ANY (3 Min) To ALL (10 Min) To ANY (3 Min)
Accessibility
Centrality
85.1% 76.4% 13.4% 25.2%
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Walking
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools 96.7% 88.5% 22.8% 32.9%
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Cycling

Future Work
About Me

22
https://books.bk.tudelft.nl/index.php/press/catalog/book/isbn.9789461867209
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
2) Accessibility, temporal efficiency & spatial justice
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics Catchment Zones ALL POI or ANY POI using crisp logics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
a) Inclusive Zoning, walking, all acceptable ranges set to 5 minutes. b) Exclusive Zoning for POI, given 'far' as 5 minutes when cycling

23
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
3) Centrality, match of spatial potential & activities
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
RAAAF Studio, Vacant NL
Configurational Synthesis https://www.designboom.com/architecture/vacant-nl-dutch-pavilion-at-venice-architecture-biennale-2010/

Designing as Gaming
Future Work spatial effectiveness (e.g. closeness centrality)
About Me

𝑁
𝐶𝑖 𝜌 = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 Ω 𝑖, 𝜌 = {𝑗 ∈ 𝑉|𝑖 ∼ 𝑗 ⋀ 𝐷𝑖,𝑗 < 𝜌}
σ𝑗∈Ω(𝑖,𝜌) 𝐷𝑖,𝑗 24
What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
3) Centrality, match of spatial potential & activities
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
a spectrum of socio-spatial configurations
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

different spatial arrangements enable different social networks 25

What [Generally]
Definition Specific Necessity of Configurative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
3) Centrality, match of spatial potential & activities
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality Connected to many people Close to many people In between many people Connected to important people
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming Degree Centrality Closeness Centrality Betweenness Centrality Eigenvector Centrality
Future Work
About Me Spread Introduction Linkage Influence

Shops Service Areas Bridges Operational Centre

26
What [Generally]
Definition Closeness Centrality via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity

[Global] [Local]
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming Morwell, Victoria, Australia, Radius, 10 Minutes Cycling Morwell, Victoria, Australia, Radius, 4 Minutes Cycling
Future Work
About Me
See our new results and a mobility model on networks in
https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/SASBE-10-2017-0058
32
What [Generally]
Definition Closeness Centrality via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity

[Global] [Local]
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming Morwell, Victoria, Australia, Radius, 10 Minutes Cycling Morwell, Victoria, Australia, Radius, 4 Minutes Cycling
Future Work
About Me
See our new results and a mobility model on networks in
https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/SASBE-10-2017-0058
33
What [Generally]
Definition Closeness Centrality via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
Closeness using Cheetah Tools
https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 34
What [Generally]
Definition Closeness Centrality FROM NODES via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
Closeness using Cheetah Tools
https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 35
What [Generally]
Definition Closeness Centrality TO NODES via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
Closeness using Cheetah Tools
https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 36
What [Generally]
Definition Betweenness Centrality via Easiest Paths
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
Betweenness using Cheetah Tools
https://www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah 37
What [Generally]
Definition Paradigms of Computational Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Complex Design Problems
Generality Procedural Design
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically] Computational Design
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Generative Design Parametric Design
Centrality
Modular Approach Integral Approach
What [Specifically] Discrete Geometry Variations Continuous Geometry Variations
Computational Design Paradigms Inherently Digital Inherently Analogue
Digitization Feed-forward Optimization Feed-back Optimization
Digitalization Integer Parameters (ℤ3 ) Real Parameters (ℝ3 )
Digital Transformation Topological Variation/Evolution Geometric Variation/Evolution
How [Methodology] Modular Aggregation Additive Manufacturing
Feedforward (Generative) Design Scientific/Reductionist Approach Artistic/Non-Reductionist Approach
Regularization & Discretization Generic Problems Unique Problems
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
requiring requiring
Configurational Analysis Systematic Solutions One-Off Solutions
Configurational Synthesis Added Value attributed to Added Value attributed to
Designing as Gaming
Universality Uniqueness
Future Work
Concerned with Concerned with
About Me
Topology or Configuration Geometry or Shape

38
What [Generally]
Definition Paradigms of Computational Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Complex Design Problems
Generality Procedural Design
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically] Computational Design
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Generative Design Parametric Design
Centrality
Modular Approach Integral Approach
What [Specifically] Discrete Geometry Variations Continuous Geometry Variations
Computational Design Paradigms Inherently Digital Inherently Analogue
Digitization Feed-forward Optimization Feed-back Optimization
Digitalization Integer Parameters (ℤ3 ) Real Parameters (ℝ3 )
Digital Transformation Topological Variation/Evolution Geometric Variation/Evolution
How [Methodology] Modular Aggregation Additive Manufacturing
Feedforward (Generative) Design Scientific/Reductionist Approach Artistic/Non-Reductionist Approach
Regularization & Discretization Generic Problems Unique Problems
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
requiring requiring
Configurational Analysis Systematic Solutions One-Off Solutions
Configurational Synthesis Added Value attributed to Added Value attributed to
Designing as Gaming
Universality Uniqueness
Future Work
Concerned with Concerned with
About Me
Topology or Configuration Geometry or Shape

39
What [Generally]
Definition Mathematical Digitization of Space: Discretization
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
locus τόπος graph
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis Geometry Topology Graph Theory
Designing as Gaming
Future Work Leonhard Euler in 1736, the Seven Bridges of Königsberg
About Me

40
What [Generally]
Definition Mathematical Digitization of Space: Discretization
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
locus τόπος graph
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis Geometry Topology Graph Theory
Designing as Gaming
Image Credit: Bill Hillier, Space is the machine, 1997
Future Work
About Me

41
What [Generally]
Definition Digitization for Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Digital=Com binatorial (Algebraic Topology)
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Left: The underground rail network of London, the geographical version; Right: The Tube Map by Harry Beck, the First Topological Metro Map for the London Underground Network in 1931
Future Work
About Me

43
What [Generally]
Definition Digitization for Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Digital=Com binatorial (Algebraic Topology)
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

44
What [Generally]
Definition Digitalization in Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity Digitalization=Synthesizing Design based on Digital
Generality
Inclusivity
Analysis/ Sim u lation
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Image Credit: Shervin Azadi, Project GoDesign 45

What [Generally]
Definition Digitalization in Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity Digitalization=Synthesizing Design based on Digital
Generality
Inclusivity
Analysis/ Sim u lation
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Hospital Location-Allocation Problem: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119190 46

What [Generally]
Definition Digital Transformation through Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity Digital Transform ation=Particip atory Configu rative Design
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

https://news.usc.edu/68048/turning-video-gamers-into-urban-planners/ 48
What [Generally]
Definition Digital Transformation through Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity Digital Transform ation=Particip atory Configu rative Design
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

http://blog.ndkv.nl/participatory-urban-planning-with-minecraft/ 49
What [Generally]
Definition “Technology is the solution but what was the problem?”
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility Spatial Configurations Affect:
Centrality
What [Specifically] Centrality-Marginality
Computational Design Paradigms Accessibility-Inaccessibility
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology] &
Feedforward (Generative) Design Therefore:
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Spatially: a configuration shapes the chances of encounter and avoidance (centrality, social functionality)
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Temporally: a configuration shapes the travel-times in space (accessibility, economical functionality)
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

50
What [Generally]
Definition Design as Spatial Configuration
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Spatial Configuration is the particular way in which spaces are linked to each other in a building or a built environment.
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
How do we design a shape with a certain spatial configuration?
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
reverse?
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Villa Savoye Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret A bubble diagram of Villa Savoye
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

51
What [Generally]
Definition Design as Spatial Configuration
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Spatial Configuration is the particular way in which spaces are linked to each other in a building or a built environment.
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
Abstract Configurative Design Concrete
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Configurational Analysis
Digitization
Digitalization Functional Geometric
Configurational Synthesis
Digital Transformation Requirements Representation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design Configurational Evaluation
Regularization & Discretization a.k.a. ‘function’ a.k.a. ‘form’
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
“Design={Analysis ∪ Synthesis ∪ Evaluation}” How Designers Think, Brayan Lawson, 2006
Future Work
About Me

52
What [Generally]
Definition Feedforward Design Optimization
Principles
Why [Generally] versus
Objectivity
Generality
Feedback Design Optimization
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility Feedback Approach: ↫
Centrality
Design something intuitively or arbitrarily, see how it is functioning analytically, try to improve it by
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
minimizing costs or maximizing benefits.
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward Approach: ↬
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Analytically formulate how the design should be in order to function as desired. Systematically
Regularization & Discretization develop the design step by step.
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Explorative Approach: ↺ (↬ ∪ ↫)
Future Work Catalogue all possibilities at every step, choose the best and proceed to a lower level of abstraction
About Me

53
What [Generally]
Definition Discrete Models of Space
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity Manifold Irregular Network (Mesh) Regular Network (Grid)
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

55
What [Generally]
Definition Scalar Fields on 3-Manifolds
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity On a Regular Network On an Irregular Network
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

56
What [Generally]
Definition Regularization through Raster Grids
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Sharing Edges: Sharing Faces:
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
4 Neighbours 6 Neighbours
About Me

62
What [Generally]
Definition Regular Tiling
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Rasterization is a special case of Grid-Regular Tiling
Why [Specifically] The three regular girds of the plane with Schalfli numbers:
Spatial Ergonomics {4,4}, {3,6}, and {6,3} respectively for
Accessibility
the rectangular, the triangular, and the hexagonal grid.
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

63
http://www.mathrecreation.com/2016/05/some-tilings-on-regular-grids.html
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Configurative Design Technology
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

64
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics CONFIGRAPHICS
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools SYNTACTIC CONFIGURBANIST rasterworks.dll
Configurational Evaluation
Space Syntax For Network Analysis For Library of Raster3D
Configurational Analysis Urban Design
Architectural Design & Voxel Tools
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

65
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality SYNTACTIC Space Syntax for Generative Design
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
A Plugin for  Real-Time Space Syntax Analyses for Parametric Design
Spatial Ergonomics
 Interactive Bubble Diagrams
Accessibility
Centrality
Grasshopper 3D,  Automated Graph Drawing Algorithms
What [Specifically] Written in VB.NET & C#  Enumeration of Plan Configuration Topologies
Computational Design Paradigms
 Measuring the Socio-Spatial/Programmatic Performance
Digitization  Topological Layout
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
https://sites.google.com/site/pirouznourian/syntactic-design
Regularization & Discretization Download:
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation www.grasshopper3d.com/group/space-syntax
Configurational Analysis
User Group:
Configurational Synthesis
 Nourian, P. Rezvani, S., Sariyildiz, S. (2013). Designing with Space Syntax. Proceedings of eCAADe 2013, (pp.
Designing as Gaming Publications: 357-366). Delft.
 Nourian, P., Rezvani, S., Sariyildiz, S. (2013). A Syntactic Design Methodology. Proceedings of 9th Space
Future Work
Syntax Symposium. Seoul.
About Me

66
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality SYNTACTIC Space Syntax for Generative Design
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

67
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality SYNTACTIC Space Syntax for Generative Design
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

68
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality CONFIGURBANIST Urban Configuration Analysis
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
A Plugin for Grasshopper 3D,  Easiest Paths for Walking and Cycling
Spatial Ergonomics
Written in C# & VB.NET  Network Centrality Analysis
Accessibility
Centrality
 Fuzzy Accessibility Analysis of POI
What [Specifically]
 Polycentric Distributions
Computational Design Paradigms
 Spatial Network Analysis
Digitization
 Zoning for Facility Location Planning
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
Download: https://sites.google.com/site/pirouznourian/configurbanist
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization User Group: www.grasshopper3d.com/group/cheetah
Configurative Design Tools
 Nourian, P, van der Hoeven, F, Sariyildiz, S, Rezvani, S, (2016) Spectral Modelling of Spatial Networks, SimAUD,
Configurational Evaluation
Publications: UCL, London, ACM press, Accepted.
 Nourian, P, van der Hoeven, F, Rezvani, S, Sariyildiz, S, (2016) Supporting Bipedalism: Computational Analysis of
Configurational Analysis
Walking and Cycling Accessibility for Geodesign Workflows, RIUS Research in Urbanism Series, GEODESIGN,
Configurational Synthesis TU Delft, Accepted.
 Nourian, P., Rezvani, S., Sariyildiz, S, van der Hoeven, F. (2015). CONFIGURBANIST - Urban Configuration
Designing as Gaming
Analysis for Walking and Cycling via Easiest Paths, proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe
Future Work  Nourian, P., van der Hoeven, F, Rezvani, S., Sariyildiz, S. (2015). Easiest paths for walking and cycling: Combining
syntactic and geographic analyses in studying walking and cycling mobility, proceedings of the 10th Space Syntax
About Me
Symposium, UCL, London [URL]

69
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality CONFIGURBANIST Urban Configuration Analysis
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

“Easiest Paths” for walking and cycling: as short, flat and straightforward as possible
70
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality CONFIGURBANIST Urban Configuration Analysis
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis Closeness Zoning Betweenness
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

71
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality RASTERWORKS.DLL 3D Raster Modelling and Iso-Surfaces
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
A Library for Grasshopper 3D &  Topological Voxelation Tools
Spatial Ergonomics
MonetDB, written in C#, C++, C  Vector3D to Raster3D Operations & Raster specific queries
Accessibility
 Raster3D to Vector3D Operations (Level-Sets & Iso-Surfaces)
Centrality
What [Specifically] Download: https://github.com/NLeSC/geospatial-voxels
Computational Design Paradigms https://github.com/Pirouz-Nourian/MarchingTetrahedrons
Digitization
https://github.com/Pirouz-Nourian/Topological_Voxelizer_CSharp
Digitalization Contributors: Dr. Sisi Zlatanova, Dr. Romulo Goncalves, Dr. Ken Arroyo Ahori, Ir. Anh Vu Vo
Digital Transformation
 Nourian, P, Goncalves, R, Zlatanova, S, Arroyo Ahori, Vo, A.V., (2016) Voxelization Algorithms for
How [Methodology] Publications: Geospatial Applications, MethodsX, Elsevier [URL]
Feedforward (Generative) Design  Zlatanova, S, Nourian, P, Goncalves, R, Vo, A.V., (2016) TOWARDS 3D RASTER GIS: ON DEVELOPING
Regularization & Discretization A RASTER ENGINE FOR SPATIAL DBMS, proceedings of ISPRS WG IV/2 Workshop “Global Geospatial
Information and High Resolution Global Land Cover/Land Use Mapping”, April 21, 2016, Novosibirsk,
Configurative Design Tools Russian Federation, [URL]
Configurational Evaluation  Goncalves, R, Ivanova, M, Kersten, M, Scholten, H, Zlatanova, S , Alvanaki, F, Nourian, P & Dias, E (2014,
Configurational Analysis November 3). Big Data analytics in the Geo-Spatial Domain. Groningen, Big Data Across Disciplines: In
Search of Symbiosis, conference 3-5 November 2014. [URL]
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming Funding: Grant number 027.013.703 from NLeSC
Future Work
About Me

72
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality RASTERWORKS.DLL 3D Raster Modelling and Iso-Surfaces
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality Rhino-GH:
What [Specifically]
MonetDB: ODBC connection geometry lab &
Computational Design Paradigms
a geospatial Interface between visualization environment
Digitization
database to
Digitalization support 3D GIS MonetDB
Digital Transformation operations &
How [Methodology] Grasshopper
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis RASTERWORKS.DLL
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming an analytic engine for
voxel/raster 3D operations
Future Work
About Me

Laboratory Software Architecture

73
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality RASTERWORKS.DLL 3D Raster Modelling and Iso-Surfaces
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
3D Fields
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Iso surfaces Level Sets Voxelization

74
What [Generally]
Definition Configurative Design Methods
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization Feedforward Synthesis:
Digitalization
Digital Transformation How to design a desired configuration from a graph?
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

75
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
The sketchpad made by the NEWS Graph component of SYNTACTIC
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

76
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
An Untangled Diagram: A Unique Convex Topology
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
A unique planar representation of the configurative inputs
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

77
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
From a planar topology to a set of geometric duals
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation Triangulations and Dual Graphs
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
1. A triangulation of a convex drawing gives rise to a dual graph
Designing as Gaming 2. When triangulating a convex graph drawing, we are introducing new adjacencies
Future Work 3. A dual graph eventually becomes a surface tiling or mesh tesselation
About Me

78
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
The complexity behind architectural plan layout!
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
Images by courtesy of Muzafer Saracevic, et al., IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVEX POLYGON TRIANGULATION ALGORITHM

79
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

80
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Generality
Inclusivity A limited number of possibilities, for a class of rectangular dissections: for example, the
Why [Specifically] 18 admissible triangulations and dual graphs of a convex embedding.
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

81
What [Generally]
Definition Dynamic Relaxation: Interactive Bubble Diagrams
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
The force-directed algorithm makes a neat drawing and lets the designer to focus purely
Centrality
What [Specifically]
on syntactic issues.
Computational Design Paradigms Changing the configuration or the required spatial sizes the diagram updates
Digitization accordingly.
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

82
What [Generally]
Definition
Isovist Bubbles: Volume Preserving Star-Shaped Visibility Polygons
Principles and Polyhedrons
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
1 2 3 4
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
5 6 7 8
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

83
What [Generally]
Definition Graph to Field to Spatial Configuration
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Implicit Modelling as Level Sets
Why [Specifically] A strategy for design modeling/3D sketching
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
Model a Scalar Field Get Voxel Level Sets
What [Specifically] based on a Graph and/or Iso-surfaces
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

84
What [Generally]
Definition Architectural Configuration: From Abstract to Concrete
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Graphical Topological Geometrical
Accessibility Possibilities Possibilities Possibilities
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization Nodes Dual Faces Kissing Disks Packed Bubbles
Configurative Design Tools (configuration graph) (of a topological map) (simple bubbles) (e.g. isovist bubbles)
Configurational Evaluation
Graph Theory Topological Graph Theory Graph Drawing Computational Geometry
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

85
What [Generally]
Definition References for Configurative Design Tools
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity • Configraphics: Graph Theoretical Methods for Design and Analysis of Spatial Configurations
Why [Specifically] • SYNTACTIC user group on the Grasshopper Forum
Spatial Ergonomics • Webpage of SYNTACTIC (download links & example files)
Accessibility
• A video showing SYNTACTIC toolkit in action
Centrality
What [Specifically]
• Paper on Space Syntax Analysis in Architectural Design
Computational Design Paradigms
• Paper on Designing with Space Syntax
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
• Cheetah (CONFIGURBANIST) user group on the Grasshopper Forum
How [Methodology]
• Webpage of CONFIGURBANIST (download links & example files)
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
• A video showing CONFIGURBANIST toolkit in action
Configurative Design Tools • Paper on Spectral Analysis of Spatial Networks
Configurational Evaluation • Paper on Easiest Paths
Configurational Analysis • Paper on Pedestrian Mobility and Accessibility
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
• Graph to Fields to Spatial Configuration through RasterWorks.dll
About Me
• More lecture notes available on ResearchGate

89
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Feedforward Evaluation: Solar Envelope
Why [Generally]
Discretization & Regularization
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically] Solar Evaluation
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools Solar Envelope Formation
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work from Maxim illian Michl, Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting, 90
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Analyses: where is good for what (e.g. as to daylight)
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Connectivity
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Noise Analysis
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work from Maxim illian Michl, Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Sunlight Analysis 91
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i
What [Generally]
Definition Configurational Synthesis: an Agent-Based Simulation
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Pathways & Space Seeds
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Massing Synthesis
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work from Maxim illian Michl, Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Configuration=Massing & Circulation 92
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Configurative Design: a generative design process
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work from Maxim illian Michl, Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting, 93
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Feedforward Evaluation: Solar Envelope
Why [Generally]
Discretization & Regularization
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
Solar Eval.
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization Solar Envelope Formation
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work of

Fé van Lookeren Cam p agne, Max Ketelaar, Ru ben Schonew ille,
Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i 94
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Analyses: where is good for what (e.g. as to daylight)
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization Noise Analysis
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Light Analysis
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work of

Fé van Lookeren Cam p agne, Max Ketelaar, Ru ben Schonew ille,
Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i Accessibility & Centrality Analyses 95
What [Generally]
Definition Configurational Synthesis: an Agent-Based Simulation
Principles
Why [Generally] Circulation Synthesis
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically] Massing Synthesis
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools Configuration
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work of

Fé van Lookeren Cam p agne, Max Ketelaar, Ru ben Schonew ille,
Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i 96
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Configurative Design: a generative design process
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
optimal design Variant 1
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Variant 2 Variant 3
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Cred its: Stu d ent Work of

Fé van Lookeren Cam p agne, Max Ketelaar, Ru ben Schonew ille,
Cou rse N am e, Sp atial Com p u ting,
Teachers: Pirou z N ou rian, H ans H oogenboom , Shervin Azad i 97
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity 1. Compose a Program of Requirements (PoR):
Generality
• A list of Functional Spaces and their sizes and desirable proportions and free-heights.
Inclusivity
• A table/matrix of relations among these spaces, as a RELChart and/or a metro-network
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
diagram, when assigning connections consider reasons of desired experiences as spatial
Accessibility sequence or functional procedures, necessitating the connections.
Centrality 2. Define three layers of spaces for walking, standing, and sitting
What [Specifically] 3. For each functional space (where people are to sit) make a sized and proportioned rectangle.
Computational Design Paradigms
4. Make standardized/modularized ramps, stairs and corridor (generally considered as
Digitization
Digitalization
connections) pieces.
Digital Transformation 5. Connect the functional (sitting space) rectangles using ramps, stairs, and corridors. DO NOT
How [Methodology] forget to attach standing spaces at junctions.
Feedforward (Generative) Design 6. Consider a bounding box smaller than or equal to the available volume and fit all functional
Regularization & Discretization
spaces + connections inside the bounding box considering their free heights. This will be the
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
spatial configuration.
Configurational Analysis
7. You can morph the spatial configuration topologically to fit to the desired shape.
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

115
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity 1. Compose a Program of Requirements (PoR):
Generality
• A list of Functional Spaces and their sizes and desirable proportions and free-heights.
Inclusivity
• A table/matrix of relations among these spaces, as a RELChart and/or a metro-network
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
diagram, when assigning connections consider reasons of desired experiences as spatial
Accessibility sequence or functional procedures, necessitating the connections.
Centrality 2. Define three layers of spaces for walking, standing, and sitting
What [Specifically] 3. For each functional space (where people are to sit) make a sized and proportioned rectangle.
Computational Design Paradigms
4. Make standardized/modularized ramps, stairs and corridor (generally considered as
Digitization
Digitalization
connections) pieces.
Digital Transformation 5. Connect the functional (sitting space) rectangles using ramps, stairs, and corridors. DO NOT
How [Methodology] forget to attach standing spaces at junctions.
Feedforward (Generative) Design 6. Consider a bounding box smaller than or equal to the available volume and fit all functional
Regularization & Discretization
spaces + connections inside the bounding box considering their free heights. This will be the
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
spatial configuration.
Configurational Analysis
7. You can morph the spatial configuration topologically to fit to the desired shape.
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

116
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Let us see some playful examples of topo-logical design done
Digitization according to my preachings, student works from the course
Digitalization
Digital Transformation BK3OV3, 2017-2018, tutor, Pirouz Nourian and
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design BK3OV3 2018-2019, tutor, Sama Rezvani
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
The assignment was to design a scultpture garaden in front of the
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Escher museum in the Hague.
Future Work
About Me
I preached a little about topology and suggested this
functional/structural/topological way of designing… 117
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

118
Image Credit: Nathan Chan, student work in BK3OV3, an example of topo-logical design, 2018-2019, tutor, Sama Rezvani
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

121
Image Credit: Sem van den Eijnde, student work in BK3OV3, an example of topo-logical design, 2018-2019, tutor, Sama Rezvani
What [Generally]
Definition A Topo-Logical Design Game
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

123
Image Credit: Josefien de Wind, student work in BK3OV3, an example of topo-logical design, 2017-2018, tutor, Pirouz Nourian
What [Generally]
Definition
Principles
Future Work
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Last spring, Minister of Foreign Affairs Kajsa Ollongren suggested that:
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically] the Netherlands will need a million new homes by 2030.
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically] Nearly 10000-18000 architects in NL:
Computational Design Paradigms 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔
Digitization In 2020-2030, there will be 𝟏𝟎 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔
Digitalization
𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒉𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Feedforward (Generative) Design
= 2000
Regularization & Discretization
𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒌
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis 2000 groups of 5-9 architects producing one unique home every week!
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming Conclusion: we need more systematic approaches;
Future Work
not only to ensure efficiency but also effectiveness.
About Me

Photo Credit: Maarten Van De Biezen / EyeEm 127

What [Generally]
Definition The Future of Computational Design
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Transparency, Interactivity, Participation, Gamification
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
Coming soon:
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Ontwerpkracht/Ontwerp en Overheid/Project
Digitization
Digitalization

GoDesign Game
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation http://www.samenwerkenaanontwerpkracht.nl/
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

128
What [Generally]
Definition My PhD dissertation
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality • PhD in Design Informtaics 2016
Inclusivity
• MSc in Architecture 2009
• BSc in Control Engineering 2004
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me
http://abe.tudelft.nl/
Spatial Computing:
geometrical, topological, and graph theoretical computing for analysis, synthesis, and optimization of buildings and built environments 129
What [Generally]
Definition Our home-brewed Software
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity SYNTACTIC CONFIGURBANIST
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics Space Syntax for Generative Design (2013 Urban Configuration Analysis for Walking
Accessibility onward) & Cycling (2012 onward)

Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
RASTERWORKS.DLL TOIDAR
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation Raster3D tools for voxel field modelling tools for 3D building reconstruction using
(2014 onward) LIDAR point clouds (2013 onward)
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

Pirouz Nourian & Sama Rezvani 130

What [Generally]
Definition Courses on Generative Design
Principles
Why [Generally] Applications: Computational Design (Spatial Analysis, Synthesis, Simulation, Evaluation, and Optimization)
Objectivity Methods: Linear Algebra, Computational Geometry, Topology, and Graph Theory), Programming (C#, Python)
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms Future Models Seminar I, The Why Factory Future Models Seminar II, The Why Factory

Digitization
MINOR
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization
Configurative Design Tools
Configurational Evaluation
Configurational Analysis
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

131
What [Generally]
Definition Acknowledgements
Principles
Why [Generally]
Objectivity
Generality
Inclusivity
Why [Specifically]
Spatial Ergonomics
Accessibility
Centrality
What [Specifically]
Computational Design Paradigms
Digitization
Digitalization
Digital Transformation
How [Methodology]
Feedforward (Generative) Design
Regularization & Discretization Cemre Çubukçuoğlu,
Prof. Sevil Sariyildiz Sama Rezvani, Ir. Hans Hoogenboom, Ir. Shervin Azadi,
Configurative Design Tools Chair of Design researcher @ DEMO Lecturer @ DI-TOI Researcher @ DI-TOI PhD Researcher
Configurational Evaluation Informatics, Technisch Consultants, @ DI-TOI
Ontwerp en Informatica guest Lecturer at DI-TOI
Configurational Analysis (DI-TOI)
Configurational Synthesis
Designing as Gaming
Future Work
About Me

132
 thanks for your attention!

inquiries:
p.nourian[at]tudelft.nl
133
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