Business Finance

by abadzkie

Different contexts and political ideologies yield different and often incompatible criteria for substantive
fairness.

Procedural Fairness

A business guided by ethical principles; behaving in an ethical manner can create a positive atmosphere
and may build a promising business results.

True

A written business policy doesn't communicate your company's expectations about appropriate
employee work ethics and performance.

False

It is a principle or protocol to guide a decision and achieve rational outcomes.

Policy

It is a type of business partnership that can be formed by attorneys.

Legal Services

It is a form of business organization that has a separate legal personality from its owners. Ownership is
represented only by its shares of stock. The owners or stockholders enjoy limited liability but have
limited involvement in the company's operations.

Corporation
Waging and working conditions is a not an unethical practices in business.

False

A policy is a principle or protocol to guide a decision and achieve rational outcomes.

True

Virtual assistants is a kind of work that assists entrepreneurs with clerical tasks through the use of
Internet.

True

It is a legal entity binding two or more business partners in responsibility and liability for their business.

Partnership

This form of business organization is owned by an individual who has full control or authority of its own
and owns all the assets, as well as personally answers all liabilities or losses.

Sole Proprietorship or Single Proprietorship

Fairness refers to equal treatment for business and companies. It is also the sate or condition of being
fair or free from bias or injustice; even handedness.

True

Too many workplaces are filled with managers and supervisors who use their position and power to
mistreat or disrespect co-workers.

Abusive behavior
It is the ideal business policy encourages individual productivity without making the employee feel as
though the employer or the person in authority is micromanaging them.

Balance

Stewardship can include one or more of a long list of specific practices and elements.

True

The ideal business policy encourages individual productivity without making the employee feel as
though the employer or the person in authority is micromanaging them.

True

Mc Donald's was a partnership between these two founders: Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard.

False

Decorum relates to how a person negotiates a sale and handles any ensuing problems.

True

This company is the mother company of popular filipino fast-food chains. Tony Tan is the founding
owner of Jollibee and his family established the first Jollibee store in Cubao in the year 1975.

Jollibee Foods Corporation

Jollibee Foods Corporation is being regarded as the Philippines largest retail company.

False
A virtue is a trait that contributes to or is a constituent of eudaimonia and we ought to develop virtues.

Eudaimonist virtue ethics

Agent-based and exemplarist virtue ethicsis a virtue is a trait that contributes to or is a constituent of
eudaimonia and we ought to develop virtues

False

The recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business.

Bookkeeping

Also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic

religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.

Confucianism

The fourth form a virtue ethic might adopt takes its inspiration from Plato.

Platonistic virtue ethics

A business organization should formulate and promulgate its records management policy to keep tract
of everyday transaction.

True
Most theorists agree that morality comes as a result of intrinsic virtues.

True

Target-centered virtue ethics - The touchstone for eudaimonist virtue ethicists is a flourishing human
life.

True

Criminals commit crimes that hurt others to help themselves.

True

Eudaimonist virtue ethics is an agent-based virtue ethicists argue that other forms of normativity

False

A record is An organization receives and processes tremendous amount of information day in and day
out but not all of them can be considered a record.

True

Honesty or generosity is not just a tendency to do what is honest or generous, nor is it to be helpfully
specified as a "desirable" or "morally valuable" character trait.

Virtue ethics

Virtue ethics are normative ethical theories which emphasize virtues of mind and character.

True
Plato's first conclusion helps explain why we can be motivated to being virtuous-attaining personal
happiness is what everyone finds worthy of being a goal.

False

Plato thought that we have three major parts: The intellect, the emotions, and the appetites.

True

Records management is important because it supports an organization to make decisions based on

evidence, meet operational, legal and regulatory requirements and be open and accountable.

True

Aristotle thought that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness.

False

When you send unsolicited emails to potential customers, encouraging them to buy your products or
services. This is the commonest unethical marketing practice done through online.

Spamming

Without marketing, your prospective customers may never be aware of your offerings and your business
may not be given the opportunity to progress and succeed.

True

Aristotle's first conclusion on virtue ethics was partially justified through an important discovery-
morality needs a goal (or one or more primary values).
True

It is the touchstone for eudaimonist virtue ethicists is a flourishing human life.

Target-centered virtue ethics

It is alright to force potential and existing customers to buy products or services, some marketers use
false statements, exaggerated benefits, or make unverifiable declaration about their offers.

False

A process by which a product or service is introduced and promoted to potential customers.

Marketing

Records management refers to the whole range of activities which an organization should perform to
properly manage its records

True

An authentic record is one that accountants process depending on what the owner what to appear in
the book. The owner has the right to declare what should and should not be recorded in the books of
account.

False

A virtue is thus to be distinguished from single actions or feelings.

True
Is invariably linked to an organization's official business and maintained as evidence or supporting
documents.

Record

It is a normative ethical theory that emphasizes on virtues of mind and character.

Virtue Ethics

A typical example is when a food processing company claims that its products are sugar-free or calorie-
free and filled with vitamins and minerals when indeed they contain sugar or calories.

Bending of facts to mislead or confuse potential customers

The overall operations covers advertising, public relations, promotions and sales. Marketing is a process
by which a product or service is introduced and promoted to potential customers.

False

Business establishments may or may not declare all its income to avoid taxation.

False

It is unethical for sales person in malls to offer products and unveil that promotions are on a limited
time and offer only.

True

Rather than deriving the normativity of virtue from the value of eudaimonia, agent-based virtue ethicists
argue that other forms of normativity.

Agent-based and exemplarist virtue ethics

Refers to the whole range of activities, which an organization should perform to properly manage its
records.

Records management

Platonistic virtue ethics - The fourth form a virtue ethic might adopt takes its inspiration from Plato.

True

Confucianism, is also known as Ruism. It is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic

or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.

True

He concludes that (a) the proper object of virtue is happiness and (b) we can become wise through
habit.

Aristotle

Aristotle concludes that (a) the proper object of virtue is happiness and (b) we can become wise through
habit.

True

The Department of Trade and Industry is the government agency assigned to accommodate business
corporations in the Philippines.

False
Refers to the whole range of activities, which an organization should perform to properly manage its
records.

Records management

He thought that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness.

Socrates

Plato's first conclusion helps explain why we can be motivated to being virtuous-attaining personal
happiness is what everyone finds worthy of being a goal.

False

Agent-based and exemplarist virtue ethicsis a virtue is a trait that contributes to or is a constituent of
eudaimonia and we ought to develop virtues

False

Is invariably linked to an organization's official business and maintained as evidence or supporting

documents.

Record

The recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business.

Bookkeeping

An authentic record is one that accountants process depending on what the owner what to appear in
the book. The owner has the right to declare what should and should not be recorded in the books of
account.
False

Eudaimonist virtue ethics is an agent-based virtue ethicists argue that other forms of normativity

False

Include purchases, sales, receipts, and payments by an individual person or an organization/corporation.

Transactions

Using men or women as a sex symbol for promotion of products not related to the human body is
definitely unethical.

True

A virtue is generally agreed to be a character trait, such as a habitual action or settled sentiment.

True

All companies are only trying to mislead potential customers to purchase their products.

False

Marketing your business is very important. A business owner can not just rely on its products alone.
Sales will steadily increase as marketing do its function in spreading the new to prospective clients.
Without developing a marketing strategies, sales may not ever happened; without sales, a company
cannot succeed; without marketing, the business may not have the opportunity to flourish and gain
revenue.

True
Plato thought that we have three major parts: The intellect, the emotions, and the appetites.

True

It is just a natural to pressure the person into buying something at the very moment out of fear and
extreme demand and stress.

False

A process by which a product or service is introduced and promoted to potential customers.

Marketing

Is one that can be proven to be what it declares to be, to have been created or sent by the person
purported to have created or sent it; and to have been created or sent at the time purported.

Authenticity

He thought that we have three major parts: The intellect, the emotions, and the appetites.

Plato

It is a normative ethical theory that emphasizes on virtues of mind and character.

Virtue Ethics

In a anxious bid to force potential and existing customers to buy products or services, some marketers
use false statements, exaggerated benefits, or make unverifiable declaration about their offers.

Making false, exaggerated, or unverified declaration

Islamic Marketing ethics aims at maximizing equity and justice for the welfare of the society.

True

There is a filipino saying, "Ang 'di marunong tumingin sa pinanggalingan ay di makakarating sa

paroroonan."

True

It is a Filipino values showing respect or to give respect to a person.

Paggalang

Christian is a complete way of life and it is not merely a religion.

False

Amor Propio has a spanish origin and may be translated in english as "self motivated."

False

The English translation of "paggalang" is to be respectful or to give respect to a person.

True
Muslims belief of conducting ventures in businesses must be just and fairly whether it is to employees or
customers.

False

The influence of Malays can be seen through the artistic side of the Filipinos

False

It is a Filipino culture and a system in the Philippines that has been the source of many controversies and
corruption.

Padrino

Stealing is an obvious way in which one can harm others may it be emotionally, psychologically and
financially.

True

A Filipino term which means "loyal customer."

Suki

Jewish culture, values, and ideas have entered into many aspects of modern life including modern
businesses.

True

This act is considered unethical and all religion beliefs it so. It is an obvious way in which one can harm
others may it be emotionally, psychologically and financially.

Stealing
The closes translation of Bahala Na in English would be the phrase, "whatever will be, will be."

True

The Chinese even influenced Filipinos religious beliefs by introducing Christianism.

False

An important aspect of relationship, but most often, words has become a tool to mislead others.

Speech

This is the fundamental ethical principle for Buddhism, it is one of their guiding principles and all the
other precepts are mere elaboration of this item.

Not killing

Happiness gives impact to the practice of dhamma and forms the ground or support for religious
observance both on the level of dhamma practice and the level of ethics in general.

True

A technique of reciprocity of debt of gratitude to others.

Utang na Loob

Racial discrimination, sexual harassment, and wage inequality - these are all costly ethical issues that
employers and employees encounter on a daily basis across the country.
True

Physical harm is the only safety issue to be aware of.

False

According to a 2015 data Pew Research study, the majority of respondents (75%) found installing
surveillance cameras that have facial recognition technology acceptable.

False

These entities as they go about their goals are expected to fully comply with environmental laws, federal
and state safety regulations, fiscal and monetary reporting statutes and all applicable civil rights laws.

Businesses

The basic and most important unit of a Filipino's life is the family.

Family orientation

Pakikipagkapwa-tao is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of the 'other'.

True

Filipinos are very determined and persevering in accomplishing whatever they set their minds to.

Hard work and Industry

An ethics challenge is a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between
alternatives that must be evaluated as right or wrong.

True

Filipinos over the years have proven time and time again that they are a people with an industrious
attitude.

True

Filipinos are very determined and persevering in accomplishing whatever they set their minds to.

True

In the fast innovation now a days, this is one dilemma of businesses. It has become a medium to voice or
air out your concern and it crosses all over the globe in just one click. Guidelines for employees conduct
online and during and even after office hours must be taken inconsideration.

Social media

Companies also monitor employees through video cameras, which allows them to observe visually and
record employee behavior and keep their work environment safe.

True

Maximizing the value of each employee's contribution is a key element in your business's success.

True

The Philippines is approximately 95 percent Christians (mostly Roman Catholic Christians ).

False

Ethical decision-making processes should center on protecting employee and customer rights.

True

These are all costly ethical issues that employers and employees encounter on a daily basis across the
country. It may be encountered due to differences in gender, religion and/or sexual orientation.

Racial discrimination/ sexual harassment/ wage inequality

Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of Filipinos going out of their way to help them when
lost, or the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a visitor in their poverty-stricken home.

True

It is the of conducting your business affairs with honesty and a commitment to treating every customer
fairly.

Integrity

The most fundamental or essential ethical issues that businesses must face are integrity and trust.

True

Filipinos are very determined and persevering in accomplishing whatever they set their minds to.

Hard work and Industry

According to a 2015 data Pew Research study, the majority of respondents (75%) found installing
surveillance cameras that have facial recognition technology acceptable.

False

There are no legal consequences for unethical employee behavior.

False

Refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held
important in their lives.

Family orientation

These are all costly ethical issues that employers and employees encounter on a daily basis across the
country. It may be encountered due to differences in gender, religion and/or sexual orientation.

Racial discrimination/ sexual harassment/ wage inequality

Racial discrimination, sexual harassment, and wage inequality - these are all costly ethical issues that
employers and employees encounter on a daily basis across the country.

True

It is a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that
must be evaluated as right or wrong.

Ethics Challenge
Companies also monitor employees through video cameras, which allows them to observe visually and
record employee behavior and keep their work environment safe.

True

Physical harm is the only safety issue to be aware of.

False

The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority
of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives.

True

Pakikipagkapwa-tao is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of the 'other'.

True

These entities as they go about their goals are expected to fully comply with environmental laws, federal
and state safety regulations, fiscal and monetary reporting statutes and all applicable civil rights laws.

Businesses

The basic and most important unit of a Filipino's life is the family.

Family orientation

The most fundamental or essential ethical issues that businesses must face are integrity and trust.
True

Filipinos over the years have proven time and time again that they are a people with an industrious
attitude.

True

An ethics challenge is a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between
alternatives that must be evaluated as right or wrong.

True

It is the of conducting your business affairs with honesty and a commitment to treating every customer
fairly.

Integrity

This is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of the 'other'.

Pakikipagkapwa-tao

In the fast innovation now a days, this is one dilemma of businesses. It has become a medium to voice or
air out your concern and it crosses all over the globe in just one click. Guidelines for employees conduct
online and during and even after office hours must be taken inconsideration.

Social media

With this development employers can now monitor their employees' activity on their computers and
other company-provided electronic devices.

Technology / Privacy
This particular philosopher is very famous in Asia. His teachings described as tradition, a philosophy, a
religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life. This teachings
developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings.

Confucius

Which of the following does not fall under the principles of Fairness:

Stakeholders share the same point of views in running the business.

This stage is carefully weigh of all the information by separating facts from opinions and opinions from
speculation. Although at times we draw reasonable inferences but know when you have done so and
the premises on which you base your conclusion.

Evaluation

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

disregarding complaints and grievances

This form of business ethics believes that the ultimate norm and ultimate standard of rightness is the
personality of God Himself and his perfect righteousness. So biblical principles of ethics have great
significance for the business world. Their guiding principles comes from the old and new testaments and
is these values are have been adopted and has influenced most businesses.

Christian business ethics

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

all of the chocies

This policy are set rules and guidelines surrounding employee observance to work schedules.

Attendance and Time Off Policy

A business must establish rules that address any violations from the policy. Stating the this in the
business policy puts the employee on notice and also increases the employer's options for effectively
dealing with behaviors contrary to policy.

Consequences for Violations

Emphasizing the negative aspects of your rival's products in a bid to turn potential customers towards
your own products, a very unethical marketing practice and a sign of desperation.

Bad-mouthing competitors product

This famous trait is the ability of Filipinos to find humour in everything. It sheds light on the optimism
and positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so as to remain determined in going through
struggles or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a child who has fallen laughs at
himself/herself to hide his/her embarrassment.

Joy and Humor

With resourcefulness comes passion to work. Filipinos are very determined and persevering in
accomplishing whatever they set their minds to. Filipinos over the years have proven time and time
again that they are a people with an productive attitude.

Hard Work and Industrious

This ethical issue is unavoidable and may bring forth so many issues such as Racial discrimination, sexual
harassment, wage inequality - these are all costly ethical issues that employers and employees
encounter on a daily basis across the globe because of the variety and mixture of employees.

Diversity Issues

This heritage introduced the importance of democracy in a country, which is also being applied to in
families and even workplaces. An individual's liberty and equality of all is very important to promote a
happy working environment.

The American Heritage

An unethical marketing practice where companies are only trying to mislead potential customers, since
they are unlikely to buy the products if it is made known that they contain sugar or calories and basically
not as healthy as they claim it to be.

Bending of facts to mislead or confuse potential customers

This philosopher has a great influenced in business ethics. Just like one of the philosophers, he
concluded that the proper object of virtue is happiness and a person can become wise through habit.

Aristotle

This ethical value refers to equal treatment, for businesses and companies for instance, there should be
fairness in shareholders, more so in the treatment of all stakeholders including employees, communities
and public officials.

Fairness

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

unadvised leave of absence

This form of business ethics has penetrated culture, values, and ideas of modern life including modern
businesses. It relies on the Torah for its written law, and have had great impact on marketing and
business philosophy.

Jewish Business Ethics

While it might be intuitive to use models in advertisements for beauty products and cosmetics, half-
naked models use in promotion of gadgets, machinery, and other products not related to the human
body is definitely unethical.

Using men and women as sex symbols for promotion

Years of colonization has given Filipino a lot of cultural and historical heritage. This heritage specifically
even influenced Filipinos for decades in religious beliefs like introducing Christianism, which is also
another foundation that has a great influence in Filipino businesses.

The Spanish Heritage

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

all of the choices

This ethical value is a culture that takes shape when leaders intentionally manifest their own personal
intelligibility, and encourage it in the attitudes and behaviors of their team members. This starts with
people. When an organization's people are is being open, then the organization is ready to follow.

transparency in business operation

Diversity in a business or any organization is crucial as persons values, thoughts, principles are tested in
a diverse environment. Sexual harassment is an unwelcome conduct that could make a person feel
offended, humiliated or intimidated. This can be can be physical, verbal or written. While discrimination
is treating, or proposing to treat, someone unfavourably.

Harassment and Discrimination

Philosophers have influenced not just their followers and believers but it has also penetrated the
business world. Their philosophies have served as guiding principles in most businesses. This
philosopher believes that knowledge is virtue, and virtue leads to happiness. It makes sense to think that
moral people know the meaning of morality. If a person can decipher what is right from wrong, then one
might be able to choose to do what you know to be right and this will greatly influence our decisions in
life. whether it may be personal or in business.

Socrates

In any business organization, this is important for management to control the process in which
responses are given for a person's actions. These responses may be resulted to a positive or negative
effect. Depending on the response, the person might need to correct his or her error. This refers to the
to individual responsibility for the work he/she has performed and answering to peers and superiors for
their performances. It is often used synonymously with responsibility, blameworthiness, and liability.

Accountability

This is important especially when there is a case of unethical concerns. The person accused should be
advised that the conduct was wrong. Simply cases such as lying, cheating, and stealing, may not be much
of a problem but more technical violations, such as when you are a public servant and receiving
improper gifts or using company assets, requires more investigation. If you determine that the person
knew or should have known about the proper standards of conduct, further action on your part is fair.
Fair Notice

The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly under the rule of numerous powerful countries has
over time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to survive with whatever they have. They
have the extraordinary ability to make something out of almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a
screwdriver, plastic bags, and some tape, he would still be able to build a bird tree, especially for the
sake of survival, and provided that he be allowed to hunt for some needed surrounding material.

Ability to Survive

Being compensated for a work done or services rendered is the very essence of work. One is willing to
work in exchange for a numeric value as a reward to effort. the main objective of compensation is to
create a system of reward that is just to the employer and employee.

Work and Compensation

It is a principle or protocol to guide a decision and achieve rational outcomes.

Policy

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

all of the choices

It is important when making decision to extend reasonable efforts to gather information and evidences.
Thoroughness without being irrational is important in making sound judgements. What do you actually
know? Are there uncertainties in the facts that needs to be clarified? If you are making comparisons do
you have sufficient information on each candidate concerning the factors you think are most important?

Gather Facts
Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

all of the choices.

In this form business organization, The board of directors, an elected group from the stockholders, are
the one's that controls the activities This is the safest in terms of protecting personal property as the
business has a separate legal personality from its owners.

Corporation

This must be clear in any rules; to promote fair treatment in the workplace. Most organizations
implement equal opportunity policies like anti-discrimination and affirmative action policies, for
example, to encourage unprejudiced behavior within the workplace.

Equal Opportunity

Which of the following does not show a hostile environment:

Providing seminars and training to employees to enhance skills and knowledge.

Active stewardship can include one or more of a long list of specific practices and elements. For
businesses engaged in manufacturing this includes sourcing raw materials that are renewable and using
chemicals and processes that are safe for the environment. For all types of businesses, using email and
mobile devices to reduce paper consumption as it is called, paperless, is a form of stewardship.

elements
A business should have a standard office procedure, anyone who steps onto your property faces a level
of threat. By putting this policy in place, you can help mitigate any damages caused by an employee's
negligence.

Workplace Safety Policy

An unethical practice when an employees' activity is outside its job description, duties and
responsibilities.

Misusing company time

Occasionally an employer may encounter the need to terminate an employee. When that occasion
arises, one must have a much more straightforward experience if the employee has been cautioned
about the process of termination. If expectations for performance are outlined in the employee's initial
job description, show an account of problems by giving regular evaluations or appraisal.

Disciplinary Policy

Some businessman and salespersons engage in using the same marketing communication of their
competitors to market their own products or services. Being creativity is a very important part of
marketing, and using other businesses' marketing communication taglines just makes your business a
sham.

Plagiarism of marketing communication taglines

This republic act defines sexual harassment as "Employer, employees, manager, supervisor, agent of the
employer, teacher, instructor, professor, coach, trainor, or any other person who, having authority,
influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work, training or education environment demands,
request or otherwise requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of whether the demand,
request or requirement for submission is accepted by the object of the said act."

Republic Act No. 7877

Which if the following is an unethical practice in a business:

Engaging in business and tampers taxes to reduce company expenses and give more benefits to
employees.

One of the importance of marketing is building brand name recognition or product recall with a
company. When a company reaches the highest expectations of the public, its reputation stands on
firmer ground.

Protecting Company Reputation

A policies that prohibit the use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco products during work hours, on company
property or during company functions.

Substance Abuse Policy

This factor enable to understand that workers should be paid in accordance to the standards set by the
government. It requires the employer to pay at least the minimum wage requirement

Laws and Regulations

It is a very efficient and effective communication tool nowadays because it is faster.

Electronic mail

This form of business ethics is concerned with the principles and practices that help one to act in ways
that help rather than harm. Its beliefs that one live to act, and our actions can have either have a
harmful or beneficial consequences for oneself and others. It is similar to the law of karma.

Buddhist Business Ethics

This ethical value refers to the responsibility that companies have to understand and manage their
impacts on the environment in any number of ways. Practicing this can help a business find sustainable
practices, improve its status and reputation among clients and consumers and even save funds.

stewardship

This factor in stewardship is very important as it may entail shelling out a portion of income. Engaging in
active environmental stewardship comes at a higher price. For instance, employing renewable energy
alternatives, such as hybrid vehicles or a solar-powered factory, are on the cutting edge of stewardship
but also require large initial investments which is the reasons for some company to act differently as a
steward.

cost

This heritage community is very important to us Filipinos and has great influence in the Filipinos
relationship with family. Filial Piety between parents and children is one of the best traits that has been
passed on to Filipinos.

The Chinese

Studies show that Filipinos often have an aversion to a set of standardized rules or procedures; They are
known to follow a Natural Clock or Organic sense of time- doing things in the time they feel is right. They
are present-oriented: which means that one attends to a task or requirement at the time it is needed
and does not worry much about future engagements. This allows the Filipino to adapt and be flexible in
doing the tasks at times not bound to a particular schedule or timeframe. This allows them think on
their feet and be creative in facing whatever challenge or task they have even when it is already right in
front of them. What characteristics of Filipino value is this?
Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity

Filipinos are accustomed to using the words "po," "opo," and "ho" when they are conversing with older
people or, sometimes, with those who are in a high role or a prestigious member of society. Using these
words is customary in the Philippines, and it shows a sign of respect if you do so.

Paggalang

An unethical practices include not paying workers a fair wage, employing children under the legal
working age and unsafe or unsanitary working conditions.

Wages and Working Conditions

Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of Filipinos going out of their way to help them when
lost, or the heart-warming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a visitor in their poverty-stricken home.
This Filipino value is not limited to the Philippines. It is everywhere wherever there are Filipinos.

Hospitality

The Philippines is approximately 85 percent, 10 percent Muslim, and 5 percent 'other' religions,
including the Taoist-Buddhist religious beliefs of Chinese and the 'indigenous' animistic beliefs of some
peoples in upland areas that resisted 300 years of Spanish colonial rule. This is a reflection of the
Filipinos' strong faith in God as seen in their various practices, What Filipino value does this signify?

Faith and Religiosity

This form of Business organization is a legal entity binding two or more business partners in
responsibility and liability for their business. There are two types of general partnerships: unlimited and
limited.

Partnership

There are different factors to consider in formulating a fair and just wage. This factor follows the rule on
supply and demand for labor and so called economic conditions and underemployment.

External Market Factors

For a business to succeed, the product or service it provides must be known to potential buyers or
customers. Unless your business is known in the market and have communication with your customers
readily available, you have to use marketing strategies to build product or service awareness.

Getting Word Out in the market

This system in the Philippines has been the source of many controversies and corruption. It has been an
open secret that one cannot join the political arena of the Philippines without mastery this system.
Many would still deny this, it may even be contested and be considered as a false accusation but in our
political system, from the lowest Barangay official, to the President of the Republic, it is expected that
one gains political debts and dispenses political favor to advance one's career or influence, if not wealth.

Padrino

It is an unethical practice when employees may take home office supplies, use business computers for
personal tasks, pad expense accounts and abuse sick time or allotted personal days. Unethical behavior
also includes having another employee punch a time card, or not punching out for lunch hours or other
unapproved time off.

Employee theft
Anyone being accused of sometime should be allowed to tell his/her side of the story. The "right of
confrontation" is a fundamental prerequisite of fairness in personal and business relationships. Anyone
should be given the opportunity to explain, clarify, and ask questions, and you must listen with a truly
open mind.

Fair Hearing

This is a virtue of respect given to one's parents, elders, and ancestors. The Filipinos as influenced by the
Chinese have great deal of respect to the elderly people especially those in the ancestral family. with
this respects comes general obedience.

Filial Piety

A relationship between two people who are employed in the same work place. This is unavoidable
especially in diverse environment. Companies do not want an environment where employees are
uncomfortable, that is why there are policies that covers romance within the office to the extent of
giving employees guidelines, training and seminars regarding the matter.

Office Romantic Relationships

Too many workplaces are filled with managers and supervisors who use their position and power to
mistreat or disrespect co-workers. This is very vital now a days and situations as such must be given
attention by the business' management whether it involves racial discrimination, gender or ethnic
origin.

Abusive behavior

This values is common to Filipino that are in desperate situation but can no longer find solution. Filipinos
usually say this when they are unable to make a decision about something important and unable to
decide on their next course of action. This phrase is uttered if all they want is go through something and
not thinking of the end result.

Bahala Na
This unethical marketing practice is common in the natural remedies industry, where most
manufacturers deceive potential costumers that their products have no side effects because they are
made from natural products.

Concealing side effects of products or services

The basic and most important unit of a Filipino's life is the family. The Filipino puts a great emphasis on
the value of family and being close to one's family members. This trait adopted to businesses are very
important as family values entails a whole lot more of good values. When an employee posses this, the
employer would can gauge the traits and character of the person being hired.

Family Orientation

It is a code used in businesses and companies prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and
precedence.

Protocol

Stewardship in business has a several possible benefits. Collectively it reduces energy usage, protects
natural resources and improves public health. For individual businesses that commit themselves to
stewardship, the decision may have a positive impact for the business. Some companies earn
certifications from environmental agencies that serve a marketing function, making their actions known
to consumers and customers. This gives them a good imagery and is favorable in their marketing
campaigns.

outcome

This ethical issue is very prominent in almost all business since the system in our country has already
adopted and has gotten used to corruption. Although businesses are expected to fully comply with the
laws, whether it concerns the environment, culture, safety regulations, fiscal and monetary reporting

Compliance and Governance Issues

One significant content of your business policy is including a description of every position in the
organization; from the highest ranking down to the ranked in file.

Employees Job Description

Businesses with run smoothly if workforce is well taken care of. There are a number of ethical issues
business people must consider about employee working conditions as well.
For example, employers must be aware of the safety of their work environment, are the employees
receiving a just compensation or compensated for overtime?
Although legal consequences for unethical issues regarding employee behavior are essential, there are
also legal consequences for unethical working conditions that must be addressed and must be followed.
For example, an employer who requires an employee to work without pay or who creates an unsafe
working environment can face or must face legal action.

Employee Working Conditions

This factor in the formulation of wages relates to the basic maintenance needs of the workers. If this
goes up by a certain percentage, then the wage must also go up the same percentage.

Cost of Living

This is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of the 'other'. It means treating others with
respect and dignity as an equal, not someone below the individual.

Pakikipagkapwa-tao

Adjustment of wages and salary may also depend on the Individual's performance based on an appraisal
is another factor to consider in determining wages and salaries. When a employee performs and
deserves an appropriate increase in pay.

Individual Performance
This Filipino value has the implication of getting along with people in general. Doing your best to be
socially acquainted to everyone whether in the family, in a community or society, in a workplace or
business place.

Pakikisama

It promotes fair treatment in the workplace.

Equal Opportunity

This factor is gauge in adjust a fair wage in consideration to the nature of the job description The duties
and responsibilities and skill requirements are determinants as well.

Job Factor

This is a common Filipino Value that maybe considered both a positive and a negative trait of Filipinos.
Its technique of reciprocity of debt of gratitude to others can and may be too deep as something people
take advantage of this trait. . Either in the personal or business side, this means to pay your debt with
gratitude.

Utang na Loob

This covers advertising, public relations, promotions and sales. Marketing is a process by which a
product or service is introduced and promoted to potential customers.

Marketing

When an employee misbehave on the duty, the employer may be held liable for how that situation
affects clients, individuals or other employees.

Liability