The Pathological

Personality Trait Profiles

of Recidivists based on
PID-5

Magdalena S. Halim, Nanda Rossalia, & Widhi Adhiatma

Faculty of Psychology
Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Structure of presentation

Introduction
Aim of this study
Methods
Results
Discussion & Conclusion
The 3rd World Conference on Personality
1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Introduction

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Some facts ...
• The number of crimes in Indonesia has increased 8.5% in
recent years (BPS, 2016)
• The number of prisoners in Indonesia has also increased by
approximately 30% between Jan – April 2017 (SDP, 2017)
• The number of recidivists (people who committed crimes
and in prison more than once) has increased 6-7% in 2003,
unfortunately national recording system has not been
updated since that years
• Many prisons have been over capacity
• The rehabilitation programs that have been obtained so far
do not guarantee that prisoners will not repeat their crime

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Previous studies found ...
• Sulhin & Hendiarto (2012) found some factors, which
considered to be related to the repetition of a person's
criminal actions, such as education and employment
(26.3%), economic factors or family demands (94.7%), and
personality factors (75.3%).
• Several other studies also show a link between criminal
behavior and personality (Clower dan Bothwell (2001); Cole
(2001); Dam, Janssens, dan Bruyn (2003); Kamaluddin,
Shariff, Othman, Ismail, dan Saat (2015); Nederlof, Ham,
Dingemans, dan Oei (2010); Sari, Wati, dan Rahmawaty
(2016)). Most of those studies based on FFM.

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Introduction

Preliminary
Tendency for study on
Inadequate recidivists to Pathological
Correctional recidivists have Personality
Function recording Personality Trait of
system Disorder Recidivists in
features Indonesia.

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Aim of this study
• This research was aimed to identify
recidivists’ pathological personality
trait profiles .

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Methods
• Participants
• The total sample included 85 people, who were collected in
Jabodetabek and divided in two groups. The first group was
recidivists (n = 42, Mage = 32.3, SD = 11), the second one was
normal adults (n = 43, Mage = 36, SD = 13). Those samples
were only male.

• Measures
• Personality Inventory for the DSM-5. The Indonesian version
of PID-5 (Adhiatma et al., 2015) is a 220-item inventory
developed to assess the pathological personality dimensions.
Each item on this measure is rated on a 4-point scale, with
scores that range from (0) very False / often False to (3) I
very true/ often true. The Indonesian version of PID-5 yields
scale scores for five domain and 25 facet scale scores.

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Methods
• Statistical Analysis
• The Mann-Whitney U was used to evaluate the
difference between two sample groups since the
distribution of the samples was not normally
distributed.
• Procedures
• In order to explain the possibility of ‘pathological’
personality profile of recidivists, we compare data of
recidivists with normal adults. Their participation on this
study were voluntary.
• Data collection for recidivist was done at
Cipinang Prison

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Table 1. Mean differences between Recidivist group and normal adult group
on domain level

Negative Detachment Psychoticism Antagonism Disinhibition

Affectivity

Z -1.192 -2.655 -1.833 -.743 -2.331

Asym
p. Sig. .233 .008** .067a .457 .020*
(2-
tailed)

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Results
Table 2. Mean differences between Recidivist group and normal adult group
on facet level

z z
Negative Hostility -.98 (.33ns) Detachment Restricted -.43(.67ns)
Affectivity Emotional -1.00 (.32ns) Affectivity
Lability
Anxiousness -.89 (.37 ns) Withdrawal -2.76(.008**)
Separation -1.41(.16ns)
Insecurity
Submissiveness -1.15(.25ns)
Intimacy -2.63(.009**)
Perseveration -1.49(.14ns) Avoidance

Depressivity -3.01(.00**) Anhedonia -4.29(.00**)

Suspiciousness -2.94(.00**)
The 3rd World Conference on Personality
1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Results
Table 3. Mean differences between Recidivist group and normal adult group on facet level
z z
Psychoticism Unusual Beliefs & -2.53 Disinhibition Irresponsibility -2.63
Experiences (.01*) (.008**)
Eccentricity -.11
(.92ns)
Impulsivity -1.86
Perceptual -3.04 (.06a)
Dysregulation (.002**)
Distractibility -1.98
(.04*)
Antagonism Manipulativeness -.25
(.80ns) Risk Taking -.89
Deceitfulness -1.56 (.37ns)
(.12ns)
Grandiosity -1.95
(.052a) Rigid -.36
Attention Seeking -.10 Perfectionism (.73ns)
(.92ns)
Callousness -2.92Conference on Personality
The 3rd World
1/12/2020
(.003**)
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Domain PID 5
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
Axis Title

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Negative Antagonis Detachme Disinhibiti Psychoticis
Affectivity m nt on m
Recidivist 1.35 1.30 1.32 1.26 1.15
Adult Sample 1.21 1.23 1.05 0.94 0.91

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Negative Affectivity
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Axis Title

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Separati
Emotion
Anxious on Submissi Persever Depressi Suspicio
Hostility al
ness Insecurit veness ation vity usness
Lability
y
Recidivist 1.21 1.35 1.51 1.26 1.22 1.43 1.07 1.54
Adult Sample 1.01 1.11 1.26 0.86 1.31 1.2 0.64 1.29

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Detachment
1.60
1.40
1.20
Axis Title

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Restricted Intimacy
Withdrawal Anhedonia
Affectivity Avoidance
Recidivist 1.47 1.37 1.06 1.18
Adult Sample 1.40 0.99 0.73 0.72

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Results
Disinhibition
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
Axis Title

1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Rigid
Irresponsibili Distractibilit
Impulsivity Risk Taking Perfectionis
ty y
m
Recidivist 1.09 1.27 1.38 1.39 1.51
Adult Sample 0.71 1.02 1.06 1.52 1.58

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Antagonism
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
Axis Title

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Manipula Deceitful Grandios Attention Callousn
tiveness ness ity Seeking ess
Recidivist 1.10 1.07 1.36 1.39 0.93
Adult Sample 1.13 0.85 1.09 1.39 0.56

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Results
Psychoticism
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
Axis Title

0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Unusual Beliefs Perceptual
Eccentricity
& Experiences Dysregulation
Recidivist 1.20 1.12 1.14
Adult Sample 0.85 1.09 0.77

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Discussion
• The recidivist group tends to have underdeveloped
attachment, leading to lack of interpersonal skill.
Furthermore, they were inaccurate in thought
process. These tendencies led to poor decision
making in which they were not able to be
responsible upon their behaviors

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 Conclusion
• The profile of recidivists that found on this study
was not considered to be pathological.
• The more often someone repeated his criminal
behavior, the more likely he had some features of
personality disorder.

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
 References
• Clower, C, E., Bothwell, R, K. (2001). An exploratory study of the relationship
between big five and inmate recidivism. Journal of Research Personality, 35,2,
231-237
• Cole, S, A. (2001). Suspect identities: a history of criminal identification and
fingerprinting. USA: President and Fellows of Harvard College
• Dam, C, V., Janssens, J, M, A, M., Bruyn, E, E, J, D. (2003). PEN, big five, juvenile
deliquency and criminal revidivism. Journal Personality and Individual
Differences, 39, 7-19
• Kamaluddin, M, R., Shariff, N, S, M., Othman, A., Ismail, K, H., dan Saat, G, A, M.
(2015). Linking psychological traits with criminal behaviour: a review. ASEAN
Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 2, XX-XX.
• Ramadani, R, A. (2015). Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya residivis dalam
melakukan tindak pidana pencurian dengan kekerasan dan upaya
penanggulangannya di lembaga pemasyarakatan kelas IIB tenggarong. Jurnal
Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial, 3, 1.
• Sulhin, I., Hendiarto, Y, T. (2012). Identifikasi faktor determinan residivisme.
Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, 7, 3.

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019
Thank you for your attention

The 3rd World Conference on Personality

1/12/2020
Psychology, Hanoi, April 2 - 6, 2019