Kubernetes provides the feature called as service discovery.

Kubernetes gives
containers their own IP addresses and a single DNS name for a set of containers, and can
load-balance across them. Services are responsible for communication between pods. ...
It consists DNS mapping with PodIP(iptables)

How do pods communicate in Kubernetes?

In order for Docker containers to communicate across nodes, there must be

allocated ports on the machine's own IP address, which are then forwarded or
proxied to the containers. ... Kubernetes assumes that pods can
communicatewith other pods, regardless of which host they land on.

How do containers within a pod communicate?

Containers inside a Pod can communicate with one another using

localhost . When containers in a Pod communicate with entities outside the Pod,
they must coordinate how they use the shared network resources (such as ports).

How do pods communicate with each other?

Each pod has a unique IP address assigned to it. If a pod is running on

multiple containers, then the containers can communicate with each other using
localhost. When they have to communicate outside the Pod, they expose a port. A
Node is a worker machine, a VM or a physical machine which contains services to
run pods.

What is a pod Kubernetes?

A Kubernetes pod is a group of containers that are deployed together on the

same host. If you frequently deploy single containers, you can generally replace the
word "pod" with "container" and accurately understand the concept.

What is service discovery in Kubernetes?

Kubernetes service discovery is designed for containers running inside

theKubernetes cluster. The host/ports of services and pods typically are only visible
to containers running inside the Kubernetes cluster.

What does Kubernetes run on?

Kubernetes is a portable, extensible open-source platform for

managingcontainerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative
configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes
services, support, and tools are widely available.
How many containers can run in a pod?

In other words, if you need to run a single container in Kubernetes, then you
need to create a Pod for that container. At the same time, a Pod can contain more
than one container, usually because these containers are relatively tightly coupled.

What is a Kubernetes deployment?

Deployments represent a set of multiple, identical Pods with no unique

identities. ADeployment runs multiple replicas of your application and automatically
replaces any instances that fail or become unresponsive. ... Deployments are
managed by the Kubernetes Deployment controller.

What is a worker node in Kubernetes?

A node is a worker machine in Kubernetes, previously known as a minion.

A nodemay be a VM or physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each node has
the services necessary to run pods and is managed by the master components. The
services on a node include Docker, kubelet and kube-proxy.

What is Kubelet in Kubernetes?

The kubelet is responsible for maintaining a set of pods, which are composed
of one or more containers, on a local system. Within a Kubernetes cluster,
thekubelet functions as a local agent that watches for pod specs via
the KubernetesAPI server.

What is Kubernetes master?

In Google Kubernetes Engine, a cluster consists of at least one cluster

masterand multiple worker machines called nodes. These master and node
machines run the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system

What is cluster and node?

A Cluster in a collection of multiple nodes which communicates with each

other to perform set of operation at high available rates. Each node is single entity
machine or server . ... A typical Hadoop cluster includes a single master node and
multiple worker nodes .
How does Kubernetes service work?

A service is a type of kubernetes resource that causes a proxy to be

configured to forward requests to a set of pods. The set of pods that will receive
traffic is determined by the selector, which matches labels assigned to the pods
when they were created

What is KUBE proxy in Kubernetes?

The Kubernetes network proxy runs on each node. This reflects services as
defined in the Kubernetes API on each node and can do simple TCP,UDP stream
forwarding or round robin TCP,UDP forwarding across a set of backends. ... The
user must create a service with the apiserver API to configure the proxy.

How does service discovery work in Kubernetes?

The second option for service discovery is DNS, through

which Kubernetesassigns a DNS name to each service. It uses SkyDNS, a
distributed way to announce and discover services by default with the etcd key-
value store. Everyservice must be exposed to other services in Kubernetes, which
can happen in a couple of ways.

What can I do with Kubernetes?

What does Kubernetes actually do and why use it? Kubernetes is a vendor-
agnostic cluster and container management tool, open-sourced by Google in 2014. It
provides a ―platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of
application containers across clusters of hosts‖.

What is Kubernetes and Docker?

Docker is a platform and tool for building, distributing, and
running Dockercontainers. ... Kubernetes is a container orchestration system
for Dockercontainers that is more extensive than Docker Swarm and is meant to
coordinate clusters of nodes at scale in production in an efficient manner.

Is a pod a container?
A pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or
more containers(such as Docker containers), with shared storage/network, and a
specification for how to run the containers

Can Kubernetes run Docker containers?

From a distance, Docker and Kubernetes can appear to be similar
technologies; they both help you run applications within linux containers. ...
Understanding bothDocker and Kubernetes is essential if you want to build and
run a modern cloud infrastructure.
 What is pods in OpenShift?
Pods. OpenShift Online leverages the Kubernetes concept of a pod, which is
one or more containers deployed together on one host, and the smallest compute
unit that can be defined, deployed, and managed. ... OpenShift Online
treats pods as largely immutable; changes cannot be made to a pod definition while
it is running.

What is Kubernetes node?

A Node is a worker machine in Kubernetes and may be either a virtual or a
physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each Node is managed by the Master.
A Node can have multiple pods, and the Kubernetes master automatically handles
scheduling the pods across the Nodes in the cluster.

What is Kubernetes scaling?

kubectl autoscale creates a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (or HPA) object that
targets a specified resource (called the scale target) and scales it as needed. ... To
learn about scaling your cluster, refer to Resizing a Cluster and Cluster Autoscaling.

How do I deploy apps on Kubernetes?

To package and deploy your application on GKE, you must:
1. Package your app into a Docker image.
2. Run the container locally on your machine (optional)
3. Upload the image to a registry.
4. Create a container cluster.
5. Deploy your app to the cluster.
6. Expose your app to the Internet.
7. Scale up your deployment.

What is deployments in Kubernetes?

Kubernetes deployments manage stateless services running on your cluster
(as opposed to for example StatefulSets which do manage stateful services). ...
AKubernetes Deployment managed ReplicaSet. Each one represents a different
version of the deployed application

What is spec in Kubernetes?

Every Kubernetes object includes two nested object fields that govern the
object's configuration: the object spec and the object status. ... For example,
a KubernetesDeployment is an object that can represent an application running on
your cluster.
What is apiVersion in Kubernetes?
An object definition in Kubernetes requires an apiVersion field.
When Kuberneteshas a release that updates what is available for you to use—
changes something in its API—a new apiVersion is created. However, the
official Kubernetesdocumentation provides little guidance on apiVersion

What can I do with Docker?

Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy, and run
applications by using containers. Containers allow a developer to package up an
application with all of the parts it needs, such as libraries and other dependencies,
and ship it all out as one package.

What does Kubernetes mean?

Kubernetes (commonly stylized as k8s) is an open-source container
orchestration system for automating application deployment, scaling, and
management. It was originally designed by Google, and is now maintained by the
Cloud Native Computing Foundation.

What is the benefit of Docker?

Docker containers ensure consistency across multiple development and
release cycles, standardizing your environment. One of the biggest advantages to
aDocker-based architecture is actually standardization. Docker provides repeatable
development, build, test, and production environments.

Does AWS use Kubernetes?

Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (Amazon EKS) makes it
easy to deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications using
Kubernetes on AWS. ... Amazon EKS is certified Kubernetes conformant so
you can use existing tooling and plugins from partners and
the Kubernetes community.

Does Minikube install Docker?

In fact, minikube is a virtual machine that runs Docker and Kubernetes. It's
usually used to run Kubernetes only, but you can use it to run Docker containers
too. You won't reach the same speed as Docker for Windows, but you can build and
run containers without Hyper-V.

What is a replica in Kubernetes?

Kubernetes - Replica Sets. Advertisements. Replica Set ensures how
manyreplica of pod should be running. It can be considered as a replacement of
replication controller.
What is Kubernetes namespace?
Namespaces are intended for use in environments with many users spread
across multiple teams, or projects. ... Namespaces are a way to divide cluster
resources between multiple users (via resource quota). In future versions
of Kubernetes, objects in the same namespace will have the same access control
policies by default.

What is Kubernetes API?

The Kubernetes API. ... The Kubernetes API also serves as the foundation
for the declarative configuration schema for the system. The kubectl command-line
tool can be used to create, update, delete, and get API objects. Kubernetes also
stores its serialized state (currently in etcd) in terms of the API resources.

What is kind in Kubernetes?

kind is a tool for running local Kubernetes clusters using Docker container
"nodes". ... Docker image(s) written to run systemd, Kubernetes, etc.

What is service in Kubernetes?

A Service in Kubernetes is a REST object, similar to a Pod . Like all of the
REST objects, a Service definition can be POSTed to the apiserver to create a new
instance. For example, suppose you have a set of Pods that each expose port 9376
and carry a label "app=MyApp"

What is metadata in Kubernetes?

Sure, metadata is a fancy word. It actually means ―data that describes other
data.‖ ... This metadata can also be consumed by other services running on top of
yourKubernetes system and can help you manage your applications.

What is a Kubernetes resource?

Planned Improvements. Kubernetes version 1.5 only
allows resource quantities to be specified on a Container. It is planned to improve
accounting for resources that are shared by all Containers in a Pod, such as
emptyDir volumes.

How is Docker different than a VM?

In Docker, the containers running share the host OS kernel. A Virtual
Machine, on the other hand, is not based on container technology. ... Under VMs,
server hardware is virtualized. Each VM has Operating system (OS) & apps.

What is Docker and how it works?

Docker is a software platform designed to make it easier to create, deploy,
and run applications by using containers. It allows developers to package up an
application with all the parts it needs in a container, and then ship it out as one
package.
What is Kubernetes and how it works?
Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration platform, allowing
large numbers of containers to work together in harmony, reducing operational
burden. It helps with things like: Running containers across many different machines.
... Launching new containers on different machines if something fails

What is the benefit of Kubernetes?

Kubernetes offers a wide range of advantages: first, it poses high scalability,
easier container management and helps to reduce the delay in communication,
another issue which maybe be connected with Docker.

What are the benefits of containerization?

Simple and Fast Deployment. Another main benefit of containerization is its
ability to simplify and speed up the deployment and configuration processes. With
containers like Docker, you can create a single ―master‖ version of your image to
quickly deploy on-demand.

What is Heapster Kubernetes?

Heapster. Heapster is a performance monitoring and metrics collection
system compatible with Kubernetes versions 1.0.6 and above. It allows for the
collection of not only performance metrics about your workloads, pods, and
containers, but also events and other signals generated by your cluster

Does Minikube require Docker?

Minikube supports the following drivers: virtualbox. ... Using this

driver requires Docker (docker install) and a Linux environment)

What is a replica in Kubernetes?

Kubernetes - Replica Sets. Advertisements. Replica Set ensures how

manyreplica of pod should be running. It can be considered as a replacement of
replication controller.

What is a docker namespace?

Docker makes use of kernel namespaces to provide the isolated workspace
called the container. ... Each aspect of a container runs in a
separate namespace and its access is limited to that namespace. Docker Engine
uses the followingnamespaces on Linux: PID namespace for process isolation.

Which command is used to create an object in Kubernetes?

The kubectl create --edit command opens the configuration file
for editing before it creates the object.
 What are Kubernetes components?
Following are the components of Kubernetes Master Machine.
 etcd. It stores the configuration information which can be used by each of the nodes
in the cluster. ...
 API Server. ...
 Controller Manager. ...
 Scheduler. ...
 Docker. ...
 Kubelet Service. ...
 Kubernetes Proxy Service.

What is docker in AWS?

Docker is a software platform that allows you to build, test, and deploy
applications quickly. ... Running Docker on AWS provides developers and admins a
highly reliable, low-cost way to build, ship, and run distributed applications at any
scale

Does Facebook use Kubernetes?

OS Summit Facebook has its own container system it uses in place of
Docker orKubernetes. ... The system is built on the open-source Btrfs file
system andhandles "big and small tasks" across Facebook's data centre clusters

How does Kubernetes NodePort work?

A NodePort is an open port on every node of your
cluster. Kubernetestransparently routes incoming traffic on the NodePort to your
service, even if your application is running on a different node. ... However,
a NodePort is assigned from a pool of cluster-configured NodePort ranges (typically
30000–32767)

How does Kubernetes scheduler work?

The Kubernetes scheduler is in charge of scheduling pods onto nodes.
Basically it works like this: ... The scheduler assigns a node to the pod.
=============================================================================

What is Docker and why should I use it?

Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy,
and run applications by using containers. Containers allow a developer to package
up an application with all of the parts it needs, such as libraries and other
dependencies, and ship it all out as one package.
 Do I lose my data when the Docker container exits?
With a normal Docker container, yes you will lose your data when
the container exits. ... For applications that need to retain data, the most common
way is to use aDocker volume mount to mount another directory into your
container. This is a directory on the host which you can see from within
the container.

How will you remove an image from Docker?

To remove one or more Docker images use the docker container rm
command followed by the ID of the containers you want to remove. If you get an
error similar to the following, it means that the container is running.

Can Docker run on Windows?

Because the Docker Engine daemon uses Linux-specific kernel features,
you can'trun Docker Engine natively on Windows. Instead, you must use
the DockerMachine command, docker-machine , to create and attach to a small
Linux VM on your machine. This VM hosts Docker Engine for you on
your Windows system.

How do I kill a docker container?

Use them together, for example to clean up all your docker images and
containers:
1. kill all running containers with docker kill $(docker ps -q)
2. delete all stopped containers with docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
3. delete all images with docker rmi $(docker images -q)

How do I create a docker image?

How do I create a new Docker image for my application?
1. Create an image from an existing container: In this case, you start with an existing
image, customize it with the changes you want, then build a new image from it.
2. Use a Dockerfile: In this case, you use a file of instructions — the Dockerfile — to
specify the base image and the changes you want to make to it.
 Features Kubernetes Docker Swarm
Installation & Setup is very complicated, but once Installation is very simple, but the cluster is
Cluster Config installed cluster is robust. not robust.
GUI GUI is the Kubernetes Dashboard. There is no GUI.
Highly scalable and scales 5x faster than
Scalability Highly scalable and scales fast.
Kubernetes.
Auto-scaling Kubernetes can do auto-scaling. Docker swarm cannot do auto-scaling.
Manual intervention needed for load
Docker swarm does auto load balancing of
Load Balancing balancing traffic between different
traffic between containers in the cluster.
containers and pods.
Rolling Updates Can deploy rolling updates and does Can deploy rolling updates, but not
& Rollbacks automatic rollbacks. automatic rollback.
Can share storage volumes only with Can share storage volumes with any other
DATA Volumes
the other containers in the same pod. container.

Logging & 3rd party tools like ELK stack should be

In-built tools for logging and monitoring.
Monitoring used for logging and monitoring.

Q1. How is Kubernetes different from Docker Swarm?

What is Container Orchestration?

Consider a scenario where you have 5-6 microservices for an application. Now,
these microservices are put in individual containers, but won‘t be able to
communicate without container orchestration. So, as orchestration means the
amalgamation of all instruments playing together in harmony in music, similarly
container orchestration means all the services in individual containers working
together to fulfill the needs of a single server.

What is the need for Container Orchestration?

Consider you have 5-6 microservices for a single application performing various
tasks, and all these microservices are put inside containers. Now, to make sure that
these containers communicate with each other we need container orchestration.

What is docker run?

Docker run reference. Docker runs processes in isolated containers. A
container is a process which runs on a host. The host may be local or remote.

What is Docker entrypoint?

ENTRYPOINT instruction allows you to configure a container that will run as
an executable. It looks similar to CMD, because it also allows you to specify a
command with parameters. The difference is ENTRYPOINT command and
parameters are not ignored when Docker container runs with command line
parameters.
 How do Docker layers work?
Docker containers are building blocks for applications. Each container is an
image with a readable/writeable layer on top of a bunch of read-only layers.
These layers(also called intermediate images) are generated when the commands
in theDockerfile are executed during the Docker image build.

Why is Docker useful?

This flexibility can increase resource use per server and may reduce the
number of systems needed because of its lower overhead, which in turn reduces
cost. Dockerhas made Linux containerization technology easy to use. There are a
dozen reasons [why Docker is useful].

What is Docker AUFS?

AUFS is a union filesystem. The aufs storage driver was previously the
default storage driver used for managing images and layers on Docker for Ubuntu,
and for Debian versions prior to Stretch. ... See Prerequisites > for more information
about supported platforms, and see also the order of preferences for storage drivers.

What is the most popular use of Docker?

The most common technologies running in Docker are:
 NGINX: Docker is often used to deploy and run HTTP servers. ...
 Redis: This popular key-value store has also been a regular feature atop the list of
container images. ...
 Postgres: The open source relational database has been steadily increasing in
popularity.

How do I create a docker registry?

1. Run a local registry.
2. Copy an image from Docker Hub to your registry.
3. Stop a local registry.
4. Basic configuration. Start the registry automatically. ...
5. Storage customization. Customize the storage location. ...
6. Run an externally-accessible registry. Get a certificate. ...
7. Run the registry as a service.
8. Load balancing considerations.

What is Docker repository?

A Docker repository is where you can store 1 or more versions of a
specificDocker image. An image can have 1 or more versions (tags). ... It's also
worth pointing out that the Docker Hub and other third party repository hosting
services are called ―registries‖. A registry stores a collection of repositories.
 What is Docker push?
Use docker push to share your images to the Docker Hub registry or to a
self-hosted one. Refer to the docker tag reference for more information about valid
image and tag names. Killing the docker push process, for example by pressing
CTRL-c while it is running in a terminal, terminates the push operation.

What is Docker trusted registry?

Docker Trusted Registry (DTR) is the enterprise-grade image storage
solution from Docker. You install it behind your firewall so that you can securely
store and manage the Docker images you use in your applications.

What is Docker registry server?

A Docker registry is a system for versioning, storing and
distributing Dockerimages. DockerHub is a hosted registry used by default when
installing the Dockerengine, but there are other hosted registries available for
public use such as AWS and Google's own registries.

ow do I start a docker container?

Lifecycle of Docker Container
1. Create container. Create a container to run it later on with required image. ...
2. Run docker container. Run the docker container with the required image and
specified command / process. ...
3. Pause container. ...
4. Unpause container. ...
5. Start container. ...
6. Stop container. ...
7. Restart container. ...
8. Kill container.

What is Docker tag?

IMAGE ID is the 12-character identification string for the image (listed from
theDocker images command), and TAG is our newly created versioning tag.

What happens when you press Ctrl P Q inside of container in Docker?

To stop a container, use CTRL-c . This key sequence sends SIGKILL to
thecontainer. If --sig-proxy is true (the default), CTRL-c sends a SIGINT to
thecontainer. You can detach from a container and leave it running using
the CTRL-p CTRL-q key sequence.
What does Docker Exec do?
Docker exec is a commonly used CLI command that allows you to run a
command within an existing running container. For example, you might want
use docker execwith the -i (interactive) flag to keep stdin open and -t to allocate a
terminal.

What is Docker daemon?

The Docker daemon is a service that runs on your host operating system.

What is Docker pull?

By default, docker pull pulls a single image from the registry. A
repository cancontain multiple images. To pull all images from a repository, provide
the -a (or --all-tags ) option when using docker pull

What is a docker file?

Docker builds images automatically by reading the instructions from a
Dockerfile -- a text file that contains all commands, in order, needed to build a given
image. ... CMD specifies what command to run within the container.

What is my Docker ID?

Your Docker ID becomes your user name space for hosted Docker services
and becomes your username on the Docker Forums. ... Your Docker ID must be
between 4 and 30 characters long, and can only contain numbers and lowercase
letters. Enter a unique, valid email address. Enter a password between 6 and 128
characters long.

What is a docker image?

A Docker image is a file, comprised of multiple layers, used to execute code
in aDocker container. An image is essentially built from the instructions for a
complete and executable version of an application, which relies on the host OS
kernel.

What is Docker Yml file?

A stack is a collection of services that make up an application in a specific

environment. ... A stack file is a file in YAML format that defines one or more
services, similar to a docker-compose.yml file for Docker Compose but with a few
extensions. The default name for this file is docker-cloud.yml .

How do you stop a container?

To stop a container you use the docker stop command and pass the name of
thecontainer and the number of seconds before a container is killed. The default
number of seconds the command will wait before killing is 10 seconds. Before we
demonstrate how to kill a container, let us check if there are containers running.
How do I get out of the container without stopping it?
Once you have attached to a Docker Container via a CMD console
typing exit at the console detatches from the container and Stops it. This is not
usually what I want to do. To detatch from the container without stopping it press
CTRL+P followed by CTRL+Q.

How do I exit Docker?

To detach from the container you simply hold Ctrl and press P + Q . to stop
adocker process and release the ports, first use ctrl-c to leave the exit the container
then use docker ps to find the list of running containers. Then you can use
thedocker container stop to stop that process and release its ports.

How do Docker containers communicate?

4.6 Communicating Between Docker Containers. You can use the --link
option with docker run to make network connection information about a
server containeravailable to a client container. The client container uses a private
networking interface to access the exposed port in the server container.

How does Docker Bridge work?

In terms of Docker, a bridge network uses a software bridge which allows
containers connected to the same bridge network to communicate, while providing
isolation from containers which are not connected to that bridge network.
... Bridgenetworks apply to containers running on the same Docker daemon host.

What is Docker daemon and Docker?

docker engine and daemon are the names used interchangeably. It refers to
the same entity. ... Docker Daemon/Engine: This is the part which does rest of the
magic and knows how to talk to the kernel, makes the system calls to create, operate
and manage containers, which we as users of docker dont have to worry about.

Can Docker containers communicate with each other?

Take a note that all containers within the same bridge network can
communicate with each other via IP addresses.

What is Kubectl?

Kubectl is the platform using which you can pass commands to the cluster. So, it
basically provides the CLI to run commands against the Kubernetes cluster with
various ways to create and manage the Kubernetes component.
What is Kubelet?

This is an agent service which runs on each node and enables the slave to
communicate with the master. So, Kubelet works on the description of containers
provided to it in the PodSpec and makes sure that the containers described in the
PodSpec are healthy and running.

What are the different components of Kubernetes Architecture?

The Kubernetes Architecture has mainly 2 components – the master node and the
worker node. As you can see in the below diagram, the master and the worker nodes
have many inbuilt components within them. The master node has the kube-
controller-manager, kube-apiserver, kube-scheduler, etcd. Whereas the worker node
has kubelet and kube-proxy running on each node.

What do you understand by Kube-proxy?

Kube-proxy can run on each and every node and can do simple TCP/UDP packet
forwarding across backend network service. So basically, it is a network proxy which
reflects the services as configured in Kubernetes API on each node. So, the Docker-
linkable compatible environment variables provide the cluster IPs and ports which
are opened by proxy.

Can you brief on the working of the master node in Kubernetes?

Kubernetes master controls the nodes and inside the nodes the containers are
present. Now, these individual containers are contained inside pods and inside each
pod, you can have a various number of containers based upon the configuration and
requirements. So, if the pods have to be deployed, then they can either be deployed
using user interface or command line interface. Then, these pods are scheduled on
the nodes and based on the resource requirements, the pods are allocated to these
nodes. The kube-apiserver makes sure that there is communication established
between the Kubernetes node and the master components.

What is the role of kube-apiserver and kube-scheduler?

The kube – apiserver follows the scale-out architecture and, is the front-end of the
master node control panel. This exposes all the APIs of the Kubernetes Master node
components and is responsible for establishing communication between Kubernetes
Node and the Kubernetes master components.

The kube-scheduler is responsible for distribution and management of workload on

the worker nodes. So, it selects the most suitable node to run the unscheduled pod
based on resource requirement and keeps a track of resource utilization. It makes
sure that the workload is not scheduled on nodes which are already full.
Can you brief about the Kubernetes controller manager?

Multiple controller processes run on the master node but are compiled together to
run as a single process which is the Kubernetes Controller Manager. So, Controller
Manager is a daemon that embeds controllers and does namespace creation and
garbage collection. It owns the responsibility and communicates with the API server
to manage the end-points.

So, the different types of controller manager running on the master node are :

What is ETCD?

Etcd is written in Go programming language and is a distributed key-value store

used for coordinating between distributed work. So, Etcd stores the configuration
data of the Kubernetes cluster, representing the state of the cluster at any given
point in time.

What are the different types of services in Kubernetes?

The following are the different types of services used:

What do you understand by load balancer in Kubernetes?

A load balancer is one of the most common and standard ways of exposing service.
There are two types of load balancer used based on the working environment i.e.
either the Internal Load Balancer or the External Load Balancer. The Internal Load
Balancer automatically balances load and allocates the pods with the required
configuration whereas the External Load Balancer directs the traffic from the external
load to the backend pods.
What is Container resource monitoring?

As for users, it is really important to understand the performance of the application

and resource utilization at all the different abstraction layer, Kubernetes factored the
management of the cluster by creating abstraction at different levels like container,
pods, services and whole cluster. Now, each level can be monitored and this is
nothing but Container resource monitoring.

What is the difference between a replica set and replication

controller?

Replica Set and Replication Controller do almost the same thing. Both of
them ensure that a specified number of pod replicas are running at any given time.
The difference comes with the usage of selectors to replicate pods. Replica Set use
Set-Based selectors while replication controllers use Equity-Based selectors.

What is a Headless Service?

Headless Service is similar to that of a ‗Normal‘ services but does not have a Cluster
IP. This service enables you to directly reach the pods without the need of accessing
it through a proxy.

Which of the following are core Kubernetes objects?

a. Pods
b. Services
c. Volumes
d. All of the above[Ans]

What are the responsibilities of a node controller?

a. To assign a CIDR block to the nodes

b. To maintain the list of nodes
c. To monitor the health of the nodes
d. All of the above[Ans]

What are the responsibilities of Replication Controller?

a. Update or delete multiple pods with a single command

b. Helps to achieve the desired state
c. Creates a new pod, if the existing pod crashes
d. All of the above[Ans]
What is Docker?

I will suggest you to start with a small definition of Docker.

 Docker is a containerization platform which packages your application and all

its dependencies together in the form of containers so as to ensure that your
application works seamlessly in any environment be it development or test or
production.

 Docker containers, wrap a piece of software in a complete filesystem that

contains everything needed to run: code, runtime, system tools, system
libraries etc. anything that can be installed on a server.
 This guarantees that the software will always run the same, regardless of its
environment.

You can refer the diagram shown below, as you can see that containers run on a
single machine share the same operating system kernel, they start instantly as only
apps need to start as the kernel is already running and uses less RAM.

What is Docker image?

I will suggest you to go with the below mentioned flow:

Docker image is the source of Docker container. In other words, Docker images are
used to create containers. Images are created with the build command, and they‘ll
produce a container when started with run. Images are stored in a Docker registry
such as registry.hub.docker.com because they can become quite large, images are
designed to be composed of layers of other images, allowing a minimal amount of
data to be sent when transferring images over the network.

What is Docker container?

This is a very important question so just make sure you don‘t deviate from the topic
and I will advise you to follow the below mentioned format:

Docker containers include the application and all of its dependencies, but share the
kernel with other containers, running as isolated processes in user space on the host
operating system. Docker containers are not tied to any specific infrastructure: they
run on any computer, on any infrastructure, and in any cloud.
Now explain how to create a Docker container, Docker containers can be created by
either creating a Docker image and then running it or you can use Docker images
that are present on the Dockerhub.

Docker containers are basically runtime instances of Docker images.

What is Docker hub?

Answer to this question is pretty direct.

Docker hub is a cloud-based registry service which allows you to link to code
repositories, build your images and test them, stores manually pushed images, and
links to Docker cloud so you can deploy images to your hosts. It provides a
centralized resource for container image discovery, distribution and change
management, user and team collaboration, and workflow automation throughout the
development pipeline.

How is Docker different from other container technologies?

According to me, below, points should be there in your answer:

Docker containers are easy to deploy in a cloud. It can get more applications running
on the same hardware than other technologies, it makes it easy for developers to
quickly create, ready-to-run containerized applications and it makes managing and
deploying applications much easier. You can even share containers with your
applications.
If you have some more points to add you can do that but make sure the above the
above explanation is there in your answer.

What is Docker Swarm?

You should start this answer by explaining Docker Swarn.

Docker Swarm is native clustering for Docker. It turns a pool of Docker hosts into a
single, virtual Docker host. Docker Swarm serves the standard Docker API, any tool
that already communicates with a Docker daemon can use Swarm to transparently
scale to multiple hosts.

I will also suggest you to include some supported tools:

 Dokku
 Docker Compose
 Docker Machine
 Jenkins

What is Dockerfile used for?

This answer, according to me should begin by explaining the use of Dockerfile.

Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile.

Now I will suggest you to give a small definition of Dockerfle.

A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on
the command line to assemble an image. Using docker build users can create an
automated build that executes several command-line instructions in succession.

Can I use json instead of yaml for my compose file in Docker?

You can use json instead of yaml for your compose file, to use json file with
compose, specify the filename to use for eg:
docker-compose -f docker-compose.json up

What platforms does Docker run on?

I will start this answer by saying Docker runs on only Linux and Cloud platforms and
then I will mention the below vendors of Linux:

 Ubuntu 12.04, 13.04 et al

 Fedora 19/20+
 RHEL 6.5+
 CentOS 6+
 Gentoo
 ArchLinux
 openSUSE 12.3+
 CRUX 3.0+

Cloud:

 Amazon EC2
 Google Compute Engine
 Microsoft Azure
 Rackspace