LAWYERS NEVER FORGET 30 MAJOR DOCTRINES (REMEDIAL LAW)

The following are basic doctrines, principles, rules and theories in remedial law
that all law students and bar candidates should remember.

[1] AUTER ACTION PENDANT: It refers to the situation where two actions
are pending between the same parties for the same cause of action, so that one of
them becomes unnecessary and vexatious. It is based on the policy against
multiplicity of suits.

[2] BERRY RULE: Filing of motion for new trial based on newly discovered
evidence which cannot be produced in court despite exercise of due diligence, and
if considered would probably alter the outcome of the case.

[3] BUBBLE BURST THEORY: The rule on presumption of law shall not
apply in case there is evidence to the contrary.

[4] CHAIN OF CUSTODY: Is "the duly recorded authorized movements and

custody of seized drugs or controlled chemicals or plant sources of dangerous
drugs or laboratory equipment of each stage, from the time of
seizure/confiscation to receipt in the forensic laboratory to safekeeping to
presentation in court for destruction." (see also: People vs. Alivio, G.R. No.
177771, May 30, 2011).

[5] CONTINUING THREAT: In order that writ of amparo can be issued, the
threat on the right to life liberty or security must be actual and continuing and
not merely imaginary, thereby depriving the petitioner of his said right from the
inception up to the termination of the case.

[6] FALSA DEMONSTRATIO NON NOCET: It is a rule which states that

where there are two descriptions in a deed, the one as it were, super added to the
other, and one description being complete and sufficient in itself, and the other
which is subordinate and super added is incorrect, the incorrect description or
feature or circumstance of the description is rejected as a surplusage, and the
complete and correct description is allowed to stand alone. (Please see: Myers vs.
Ladd, 26 Ill, 515, 417)

[7] FRESH PERIOD: It is a procedural law as it prescribes a fresh period of 15

days within which an appeal may be made in the event that the motion for
reconsideration is denied by the lower court. Following the rule on retroactivity
of procedural laws, the “fresh period rule” should be applied to pending actions,
such as the present case. (Priscilla Alma Jose vs. Ramon Javellana, et al., G.R.
No. 158239, January 25, 2012)

[8] FRUIT OF THE POISONOUS TREE: The warrant issued by the judge did
not comply with the requisites of the law, and therefore, void, or when the search
made without warrant is unjustifiable, whether it is found or discovered
afterwards, cannot be used as evidence against the suspect. The items or articles
obtained are the “fruits of a poisoned tree.”(People vs. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1;
People vs. Montilla, 285 SCRA 703; Manalili vs. CA, 280 SCRA 400)

[9] HYPOTHETICAL ADMISSION or PRESUMPTION OF TRUTH:

When a motion to dismiss is filed, the material allegations of the complaint are
deemed to be hypothetically admitted. This hypothetical admission, extends not
only from the relevant and material facts well pleaded in the complaint, but also
to inferences that may be fairly deduced from them. (The Municipality of
Hagonoy, Bulcan, et al. vs. Hon. Simeon Dumdum, Jr., G.R. No. 168289, March
22, 2010)
[10] IMMUTABILITY OF JUDGMENT: Once the judgment becomes final
and executory, it can no longer be amended, set aside, or disturbed

[11] INDEPENDENT RELEVANT STATEMENT: Regardless of the truth or

falsity of a statement, when what is relevant is the fact that such statement has
been made, the hearsay rule does not apply and the statement may be shown.
(Jose Espinelia.k.aDaniloEspineli vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 179535,
June 9, 2014)

[12] INTERLOCKING CONFESSION: These are extrajudicial confessions

which were independently made without collusion, are identical with each other
in their material respects and confirmatory of the other. They are, therefore, also
admissible as circumstantial evidence against their co-accused implicated therein
to show the probability of the latter’s actual participation in the commission of
the crime.

[13] JUDICIAL COURTESY: “[d]ue respect for the Supreme Court and
practical and ethical considerations should have prompted the appellate court
wait for the final determination of the petition [for certiorari] before taking
cognizance of the case and trying to render moot exactly what was before this
[C]ourt.” The principle of judicial courtesy applies only “if there is a strong
probability that the issues before the higher court would be rendered moot and
moribund as a result of the continuation of the proceedings in the lower
court.”(Juan Trajano aka Johnny vs. Uniwide Sales Warehouse ClubG.R. 190253,
June 11, 2014)

[14] LAW OF THE CASE: It has been defined as the opinion delivered on a
former appeal, and means, more specifically, that whatever is once irrevocably
established as the controlling legal rule of decision between the same parties in
the same case continues to be the law of the case, whether correct on general
principles or not, so long as the facts on which such decision was predicated
continue to be the facts of the case before the court.

[15] MATERIAL DATES: Under the material dates rule, a petition must
alleged three (3) material dates which is necessary which are as follows: 1) The
date when the judgment or final order or resolution was received; 2) The date
when the motion for reconsideration or new trial was filed; and 3) The date when
the notice of the denial thereof was received. (Great Southern Maritime Services
Corporation vs. Acuna, 452 SCRA 422, February 28, 2005)
[16] NON-PROSEQUITUR: Once a case is dismissed for failure to prosecute,
the dismissal has the effect of an adjudication on the merits and is understood to
be with prejudice to the filing of another action unless otherwise provided in the
order of dismissal.

[17] NON-SUITED: Failure of the plaintiff to appear on the scheduled pre-trial

conference would result to the dismissal of the case with prejudice, unless
otherwise ordered by the court to be without prejudice.

[18] PARTY AUTONOMY: Parties have the freedom to expressly stipulate or

agree by virtue of written agreement on how their disputes will be settled by
submitting their differences to an arbitrator before an action may be commenced
in court.

[19] PRESUMED IDENTITY APPROACH: Where a foreign law is not

pleaded or, even if pleaded, is not proved, the presumption is that foreign law is
the same as ours. (ATCI Overseas Corporation, Amalia G. Ikdal And Ministry Of
Public Health-Kuwait Vs. Ma. JosefaEchin, G.R. No. 178551, October 11, 2010)

[20] PRIMARY JURISDICTION: When an administrative body is clothed

with original and exclusive jurisdiction, courts are utterly without power and
authority to exercise concurrently such jurisdiction. Accordingly, all the
proceedings of the court in violation of that doctrine and all orders and decisions
reached are null and void. (Manolito Agra, et al., vs. Commission on Audit, G.R.
No. 167807, December 6, 2011)

[21] RECOUPMENT: A compulsory counterclaim arises out of or is connected

with the transaction or occurrence constituting the subject matter of the opposing
party’s claim which does not require the presence of a third person over whom
the court cannot acquired jurisdiction;

[22] RELAXED ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE : In the proper resolution

of the case, the court has the discretion to admit a rather inadmissible evidence
provided it has a relation to other evidence already presented which is relevant to
the fact in issue in the case.

[23] RES JUDICATA IN PRISON GREY: Accused cannot be twice put in

jeopardy of an offense, acquittal or conviction in either one will bar the
prosecution for another offense, or his was terminated without the express
consent of the accused.

[24] SET-OFF: A permissive counterclaim does not arise out of and is not
connected with the transaction or occurrence constituting the subject matter of
the opposing party’s claim which required the presence of a third person for its
adjudication;

[25] SEXUAL ABUSE SHIELD: The following evidence is not admissible in

any criminal proceeding involving alleged child sexual abuse: (1) Evidence
offered to prove that the alleged victim engaged in other sexual behavior; and(2)
Evidence offered to prove the sexual predisposition of the alleged victim. (b)
Exception.— Evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the alleged
victim to prove that a person other than the accused was the source of semen,
injury, or other physical evidence shall be admissible.

[26] STATUTE OF NON-CLAIMS: Immediately after granting letters

testamentary or administration, the court shall issue a notice requiring all
persons having money claims against the decedent to file them in the office of the
clerk of court which shall state the time of the filing of the claim against estate,
which shall not be more than twelve (12) months but less than six (6) months
after the date of first publication of the notice, but before distribution is entered,
upon application of an unpaid creditor who failed to file his claim, the court on
cause shown may allow the claim to be filed within the time not exceeding one
(10 month.

[27] STRONG ARM OF EQUITY: At times referred to as the “Strong Arm of

Equity,” [the Court has] consistently ruled that there is no power the exercise of
which is more delicate and which calls for greater circumspection than the
issuance of an injunction. It should only be extended in cases of great injury
where courts of law cannot afford an adequate or commensurate remedy in
damages; “in cases of extreme urgency; where the right is very clear; where
considerations of relative inconvenience bear strongly in complainant’s favor;
where there is a willful and unlawful invasion of plaintiff’s right against his
protest and remonstrance, the injury being a continuing one, and where the effect
of the mandatory injunction is rather to re-establish and maintain a pre-existing
continuing relation between the parties, recently and arbitrarily interrupted by
the defendant, than to establish a new relation.”(Thunder Security and
Investigation Agency vs. National Food Authority, supra)

[28] TRANSCENDENTAL IMPORTANCE: Suspension of the rules of

procedure in case the subject matter of the action is of great
importance/involving national interest;

[29] TWO-DISMISSAL: When the notice operates as an adjudication upon the

merits when filed by a plaintiff who has once dismissed in a competent court an
action based on or including the same claim.

[30] VIATORY RIGHT OF WITNESS: If the witness resides more than 100
km from the place where he is to travel by the ordinary course of travel, or if he is
a detention prisoner and no permission is obtained from the court in which his
case is pending, then he cannot be compelled to attend the trial. The right is
available only in CIVIL cases.

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Labels: Civil Procedure

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