12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?

Recruit researchers Join for free Login

Question Asked 12th Dec, 2012

Abu M. Sufiyan
University of Louisville
Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?
I'm writing a lit review article and none of the idea is my own. What I'm doing is Similar questions and discussions
reading a whole article and close it, then summarize into one paragraph in my own
words. Do I have to give citation after every sentence or it is okay to give citation at
the end of the paragraph? Can I cite an article twice?
Question 35 answers
Academic Writing Article Writing Scholarly Communication Publication Social Science
Asked 3rd Mar, 2015
Adam Hughes
Imagine a paper X builds a new sensor, and
Share then uses the new sensor to detect protein Z.
When citing paper X, I might want to point out
that they've build a new sensor. EG:

"New sensors have been recently proposed

that explore effect A[cite paper X]."
ular Answers (1)
Then later, I want to talk about protein Z. I
should probably cite paper X again, since they
Ian Kennedy 12th Dec, 2012 did important work on protein Z...
Woolf University
"Protein Z has been studied using similar
Here is a useful tip: If your whole paragraph is summarised or paraphrased from one techniques [cite paper X, cite paperY]"
source, you put the reference after the closing full stop. (In the unusual situation of
only the last sentence of your paragraph being summarised or paraphrased, then you Essentially, paperX did two distinct things that
put the reference before the closing full stop) are pertinent to my article. I'd like to refer to
both of them, so is it ok to cite paper X twice?
You have to go beyond one paragraph per paper, although that is the first step. While it will only appear in the bibliography
once, there will be two references to it in the
As Wafa has pointed out: your chosen literature must be "comprehensively surveyed, inwork citation. Is this generally acceptable?
organized, integrated, interpreted and critically reviewed." This means shortening and
even deleting some reviews, expanding others, sorting, and above all showing the
linkages, accord, contradictions and gaps in the chosen field. Your introduction and View
conclusion should be aligned according to your findings, written last and your What is the acceptable range of skewness
conclusions contain no citations. and kurtosis for normal distribution of
data?
9 Recommendations
Question 213 answers
Asked 4th Apr, 2014

Powered by
Naeem Aslam
URED VIDEOS
It is desirable that for the normal distribution of
data the values of skewness should be near to
0. What if the values are +/- 3 or above?

View
Are there any rules for using tenses in
scientific papers?
Question 60 answers
Asked 7th Jul, 2013
Bunafsha Mislimshoeva
I was wondering if there are any fixed rules of
at do scientists want from their next job? Read More using tenses in a paper, or does it depend on
the journal and style? I have looked this topic

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 1/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?
up on the internet, but it would be great to hear
your advice... Thank you in advance.
Answers (31) View
Do I need a permission to copy any figure
from a research article for my review
Corinthias P. M. Sianipar 12th Dec, 2012 article?
Bandung Institute of Technology
Question 70 answers
The idea of rewriting and paraphrasing is quite different. In rewriting you use a whole Asked 7th Jul, 2013
new explanation of the correlation between your work and others' results, so you
Omprakash Tanwar
summarize the others' ideas/the idea of one or several papers into a sentence or
more. In paraphrasing you don't rewrite anything except changing the position of I am writing a review article on some target,
sentences and/or change the tenses, so you don't summarize it but change the form and in one of the research papers one figure is
of others' works. However, the idea of paraphrasing is on the edge of plagiarism, so reported. I want to add this figure to my review
you have to be careful about that. On the other hand, rewriting is the foundation of article. Can i do this without permission to the
literature review, so all researchers have to do that in order to know the position of editor or I need permission. How to do it.
his/her work to the others' for considering the contribution to scientific world, Please answer.
especially in same/similar study(ies).
View
In rewriting, you can put proper citation only after each idea, so maybe you will put How to cite a literature review?
several citations in one sentence. In paraphrasing you must put citation to the whole
paragraph, which is critical to be treated as plagiarism. Limit your paraphrasing to Question 10 answers
maximum 40 words for safe citation. Asked 11th Nov, 2013
4 Recommendations Sadatoshi Matsuoka

Max Stanley Chartrand I'm writing a research paper, and I refer to a

12th Dec, 2012 literature review. It summerizes all of the past
DigiCare Behavioral Research
research on my topic. I want to use the results
I agree, Corinthias. The nuances of this will often be determined by the formatting of the literature review. Can I cite the literature
you use, also. APA considers complete paraphrasing as your own work vs plaigerism, review, or should I cite the original studies
but you would want to cite a source if the idea or construct being described is either which are cited within the literature review?
unsettled in science, novel, or obscure in the literature. Of course in literature
reviews, the entire idea is to say what others have said relative to your hypotheses' View
topic, so elaborate citations may be needed on each point, at the end of each Does anyone know a free plagiarism
sentence, or, if one source is being cited, at the end of the paragraph, if the entire detection software I can use for a PhD
paragraph relates to the construct, data, or idea being described. An APA editor can thesis?
assist in the scientific papers, if needed.
Question 113 answers
4 Recommendations
Asked 3rd Mar, 2014
Wafa Habbal 12th Dec, 2012 Shantaram Khanage
Damascus University
see above
I am afraid you need to follow a different strategy. Review articles are far different
from merely summarizing and paraphrasing the original research articles. Instead, View
up-to-date published literature should be comprehensively surveyed, organized, Difference between ordinal and scale in
integrated, interpreted and critically reviewed. Review articles, in fact, are critical SPSS
evaluations of primary publications presenting the authors' own views. Attached is an
example guideline on how to write a review article; hope it helps. Question 26 answers
Asked 2nd Feb, 2012
How to Write Review Article.pdf · 109.49 KB
5 Recommendations Jason Leung
Is there any difference in SPSS to specify a
Max Stanley Chartrand 12th Dec, 2012 variable as ordinal or scale? I know they are
DigiCare Behavioral Research
different in meaning, but it seems SPSS treat
PS- if the paraphrasing is complete--and not just changing of tense, etc.--and you them the same in calculation.
make a citation, the question of plaigerism is null and void. But I agree we should be
ever conscience to cite to avoid even the appearance of plaigerism. View
Drawing software for scientific models
Corinthias P. M. Sianipar 12th Dec, 2012 (schemes)
Bandung Institute of Technology
Question 74 answers
Yes, I do agree. Complete paraphrasing is better, however, 40 words are reasonable Asked 3rd Mar, 2013
limit to do that. About review article, it is a unique idea in literature review, because Dukgyu Lee
positioning of author's own idea has to be confronted with previous and/or primary
ones. Furthermore, the are differences in natural science and social science. Review Are there useful scientific drawing (include
cartoon) programs to show my research work

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 2/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?
article in social science is what we call it as real critiques, but in natural science or review conclusion ? or does anyone have
researchers cannot do an exact critique because the basis of natural science is any suggestions?
invention and not critiques. The way to make review article in both areas is remain
very similar. However, review article in natural science has to be interpreted as fill-in Thanks in advance
the gap using invention, and in social science has to be interpreted as fill-in the gap
using bridge. It doesn't mean that there is no invention in social science, but the View
realms of "gap" between these two areas are very different. mendeley insert citation disappeared ,
Mendeley citation plugin disappeared in
1 Recommendation Microsoft office , mendeley insert citation
S M Imran not working ?
12th Dec, 2012
University of Kashmir Discussion 35 replies

Not necessarily, but if you have taken the sentence from anybody's work, then u have Asked 9th Sep, 2018
to give proper citation. Citations can come in between the text, at the beginning of Muhammad Farooq
text or at the end of text.
mendeley insert citation disappeared ,
2 Recommendations Mendeley citation plugin disappeared in
Microsoft office , mendeley insert citation not
Ian Kennedy 12th Dec, 2012 working ?
Woolf University

Here is a useful tip: If your whole paragraph is summarised or paraphrased from one View
source, you put the reference after the closing full stop. (In the unusual situation of
only the last sentence of your paragraph being summarised or paraphrased, then you
put the reference before the closing full stop)
Got a technical question?
You have to go beyond one paragraph per paper, although that is the first step. Get high-quality answers from experts.
As Wafa has pointed out: your chosen literature must be "comprehensively surveyed, Ask a question
organized, integrated, interpreted and critically reviewed." This means shortening and
even deleting some reviews, expanding others, sorting, and above all showing the
linkages, accord, contradictions and gaps in the chosen field. Your introduction and
conclusion should be aligned according to your findings, written last and your
conclusions contain no citations.

9 Recommendations
Lijinwei Vv 12th Dec, 2012
Xi'an International Studies University, China

No problem in any way to do it ,i think you need read the initial paper very
sinecerly,otherwise ,you can misunderstand the meaning of paper,i find some review
paper prouduce the foult about this side!

2 Recommendations
Philipp Altmann 12th Dec, 2012
Central University of Ecuador

I only know it this way: if it is strictly one other text, you simply put the reference at
the end of the paraphrase - no matter how long it is. If you mix different ideas from
different texts, you will have to put a reference after each new paraphrase.

3 Recommendations
Muhammad Waqas 1st Jan, 2013
University of Sargodha

if you take paragraph from one paper you can cite at the end of the paragraph. if you
take mix data then yo will have to cite after every distinguished line.

1 Recommendation
Savitri Ramamurthy 2nd Feb, 2013
University of Delhi

You may express in your own words what a certain author(by name) has presented a
thought or a concept and at the end give the reference in the bracket ( for example-
Troelstrup, Arch. W." Consumer problems and personal Finance" New York: McGraw-
Hill,1999, chapters6-8

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 3/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?
2 Recommendations
Ian Kennedy 2nd Feb, 2013
Woolf University

Just make it quite clear where the other author's thoughts start and end. Devices to
do this include indenting, or more safely, use double citation --before and after. E.g.,
Jones believes {your words go here} (Jones, 2000).

7 Recommendations
Savitri Ramamurthy 2nd Feb, 2013
University of Delhi

Very precise and clear answer by Ian Kennedy

2 Recommendations
Bangani Ngeleza 2nd Feb, 2013
Nantso Holdings (PTY) Ltd

A citation at the end of the paragraph should be adequate

Max Stanley Chartrand 2nd Feb, 2013

DigiCare Behavioral Research

...unless, in your text, you are listing a series of constructs or items that are supported
by different sources that are singular in their support of just one of the items in the
series [ex: "The literature suggests that the keratosis obturans (Johnson & Baer,
2009), external ear cholesteotoma (Stabb, 2011), and otitis media with effusion
(Sharp et al., 2010) each may result from ongoing, untreated periodontal disease."] In
the foregoing example, we are demonstrating that three different pathophysiological
conditions can evolve from a single source, but are having to draw upon three
sources independent of each other that each describe only one condition arising from
a single possible etiology. When I edit dissertations I often find the writer trying to
write the foregoing example as thus: "The literature suggest that the keratosis
obturans, external ear cholesteatoma, and suppurative otitis media with effusion each
may result from ongoing, untreated periodontal disease (Johnson & Baer, 2009;
Sharp et al., 2010; Stabb, 2011)."

The latter example leads the reader to assume each of the cited sources state
something about all three of the conditions listed, when in fact they do not. I mention
this, because if we simply go by the rule of giving citations at the end of a paragraph,
there will be instances where that would not work under APA style. Just a clarification,
thank you.

4 Recommendations
Aree Cheevakasemsook 2nd Feb, 2013
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University

Yes!

You should do like that.

1 Recommendation
Steven Venette 2nd Feb, 2013
University of Southern Mississippi

The citation should be as close as reasonably possible to the actual content being
referred to (whether using direct quotation or paraphrasing). Max Chartrand provides
an excellent example.

But I believe that question is asking about extended paraphrasing. Style guides may
vary, but APA explains that the in-text citation should come at the beginning of the
idea. For example: Smith (2013) describes the concept as a . . .

I believe that the best practice is to be clear about attribution throughout the
paraphrasing.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 4/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?
For example: Smith (2013) describes the concept as a . . . Smith continues by
suggesting . . . Smith stresses . . . Finally, Smith warns that . . . .

3 Recommendations
Max Stanley Chartrand 2nd Feb, 2013
DigiCare Behavioral Research

Thanks, Steve! Good points.

Lee Cesareo 11th Nov, 2013

California State University, Monterey Bay

How do I in-text cite a paraphrase with multiple continuous paragraphs based on the
same author's work?

3 Recommendations
Ian Kennedy 11th Nov, 2013
Woolf University

Paraphrasing Smith(1999), paragraph paragraph paragraph. This thesis agrees with

this approach taken by Smith because...

(That is, the repetition of 'Smith' brackets his work, and separates it from yours. -- A
block indent would imply a direct quote.)

2 Recommendations
Max Stanley Chartrand 11th Nov, 2013
DigiCare Behavioral Research

Ian, is that APA style?

1 Recommendation
Ian Kennedy 11th Nov, 2013
Woolf University

@Max: I have consulted both my APA and AIP Publication Manual / Style Guides
(both in their 4th Editions). Apparently, neither Psychologists nor Physicists ever have
a need to paraphrase multiple paragraphs. HA!

3 Recommendations
Max Stanley Chartrand 11th Nov, 2013
DigiCare Behavioral Research

That's what I wondered, as I have graded many graduate papers and could not recall
that we had a fixed rule on that. But what you described sounds correct (ha). I also
note that some past rules that went into a bit more minutiae no longer are included in
recent editions.

2 Recommendations
Ian Kennedy 11th Nov, 2013
Woolf University

@Max: Thanks for your interesting question. I am surprised that such a fundamental
thing that every student seems to need to know is not documented. I was also
interested to see that once a direct quote passes 39 words, it should become a block
quote.

1 Recommendation
Tom Mckellips 11th Nov, 2013
Colorado Technical University

This is an excellent resource for answering cite questions.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/

3 Recommendations

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 5/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?

Prasanna Rathnayake 6th Jun, 2016

University of Moratuwa

After every article you read, Once you done with your summary, the inline reference
(Yakhov, 2010, p. 08) should be given. This can easily be handled with MS word
reference facility. Once you finished the entire chapter, the extended or rather
complete reference should be given.

Daniel Doss 5th May, 2018

Lincoln Memorial University

HI Abu,

Here's an old rule that I've heard many times: when in doubt, cite.

However, I think you should consult the style manual that you intend to use. It should
provide the correct method. Examples would be APA, Harvard, and Chicago style
manuals.

Have a great day!

-Adrian

3 Recommendations
Nita Ostroff 12th Dec, 2018
Penn Foster College

Although this is an older post it is still pertinent. Mcadoo (2011), who writes an APA
blog for APA, says that is it technically correct to stie at the end of each sentence.
Neededless to say, that can become boring (and bulky) quickly. He suggests looking
at pages 15-16 of the latest APA guide to see samples of ways you can site correctly
without being so bulky.

Osama Rahil 9th Sep, 2019

University of Benghazi

Surely yes

Best Regards Abu M. Sufiyan

3 Recommendations
Premkumar Elangovan 9th Sep, 2019
Royal Surrey County NHS Foundation Trust

It is not necessary to cite every single line. Just one citation either at the start or end
will do. Please refer to the following blog for good paraphrasing and referencing
practices.

https://www.ref-n-write.com/trial/paraphrasing-techniques-for-rephrasing-rewording-
and-rewriting/

Can you help by adding an answer?

Answer

Add your answer

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 6/7
12/21/2019 Do I have to cite after every sentence when paraphrasing a whole paragraph?

Add your answer

ted Publications

The Lancet Global Health Academic Writing Workshop: Navigating and Getting
Noticed in the Scholarly Publishing World
Article
Sep 2018
Daniel W O'Neill
Pre-conference report with key points from the workshop and other resources for
assisting global health researchers in preparing for publication in the scientific
literature.
View
Writing for Scholarly Publication
Chapter
Oct 1999
Anne Huff

View
Scaling Academic Writing Instruction: Evaluation of a Scaffolding Tool (Thesis
Writer)
Article Full-text available
Mar 2018
Christian Rapp · Peter Kauf
Fulltext online first: https://t.co/6rrVAXHBGq No thesis - no graduation. Academic
writing poses manifold challenges to students, instructors and institutions alike. High
labor costs, increasing student numbers, and the Bologna Process (which has
reduced the period after which undergraduates in Europe submit their first thesis and
thus the time av...
View

About Support Business solutions

News Help center Recruiting

Company FAQ Advertising
Careers

© ResearchGate 2019. All rights reserved. Imprint · Terms · Privacy

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_I_have_to_cite_after_every_sentence_when_paraphrasing_a_whole_paragraph 7/7