College of Engineering Pune

Department of Mathematics
MA-15002 : Univariate Calculus
Tutorial on Unit I.
(1) Find the set of critical points and determine the absolute maximum and minimum values
of each function on the given interval.
−1 √
(a)f (x) = x+3 , −2 ≤ x ≤ 3 (b)f (x) = 3 x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 8
2 √ √
(c)f (x) = −3x 3 , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (d)f (x) = 4 − x2 , − 2 ≤ x ≤ 1

(e)f (θ) = sinθ, − π2 ≤ θ ≤ 5π

6 (f )f (t) = 2 − |t| , −1 ≤ t ≤ 3.
2 √
(g)f (x) = x 3 (x + 2), (h)f (x) = x2 3 − x,

3 − x if x < 0
(c)f (x) = x |x| − x, (j)f (x) =
3 + 2x − x2 if x ≥ 0

(2) Identify the largest possible domain of the following functions. Find the extreme values
of the functions and where they occur.
√
(a)f (x) = 2x2 − 8x + 9, (b)f (x) = x3 − 2x + 4, (c)f (x) = + x2 − 1,

1 2
(d)f (x) = 1−x 2 (e)f (x) = x2x+1 x
(f )f (x) = x−2
  0
(3) Let f (x) = x3 − 9x. Does f (x) exist when x = −3, 0, 3? Find all the critical points
and hence determine all extrema of f .

(4) Let f (x) = 1 + 12 |x| − 3x2 . Find the global maximum and the global minimum of f on
[−2, 5].

(5) Say True/ False. Justify your answer.

(a) If a function has global maximum then it has local maximum.
(b) If a function is continuous then it has global minimum.
(c) If a function is defined on a closed interval then it has global extrema.
(d) If a function is such that its derivative is not zero at any point then it has no global
extrema.

(6) State the converse of “First derivative theorem for local extreme Values”. Is the converse
true? Justify.

(7) Give examples to show that even if one of the hypothesis of Rolle’s theorem gets failed
then theorem is not true.

(8) Attempt the following.

(a) Sketch the graph of a function that has a local maximum at 2 and is differentiable
at 2.
(b) Sketch the graph of a function that has a local maximum at 2 and is continuous but
not differentiable at 2.
(c) Sketch the graph of a function that has a local maximum at 2 and is not continuous
at 2.
 (9) Find a value of c that makes the function

9x−3 sin 3x

5x3
if x 6= 0
f (x) =
c if x = 0

continuous at x = 0. Explain why your value of c works.

(10) Find all values of c, that satisfy the conclusion of Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem for
the given functions and interval.

(a) f (x) = x2 + 2x − 1, [0, 1]

√
(b) f (x) = x − 1, [1, 3]

x3 if − 2 ≤ x ≤ 0

(c) f (x) =
x2 if 0 < x ≤ 2

(11) Find all values of c, that satisfy the conclusion of Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem for the
given functions and interval.

(a) f (x) = x, g(x) = x2 , (a, b) = (−2, 0)

(b) f (x) = x, g(x) = x2 , (a, b) arbitrary interval

(c) f (x) = x3 /(3 − 4x), g(x) = x2 , (a, b) = (0, 3)

(12) Show that every cubic polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d where a, b, c, d are real numbers,
has at least one real root. (Do not use the fact that roots of polynomials with real
coefficients appear in complex conjugates).

(13) Use LMVT to conclude that the given function f which satisfies all the conditions do
not exists: f 00 (x) > 0, ∀x ∈ R and f 0 (0) = 1, f 0 (1) = 1.

(14) Use the Mean Value theorem to prove |Sin a − Sin b| ≤ |a − b|, ∀a, b ∈ R.

(15) Suppose that f (0) = −3 and f 0 (x) = −5 for all values of x. How large can f (2) possibly
be?

(16) Two runners start the race at the same time and finish in a tie. Prove that at some time
during the race they have the same velocity.

(17) Let a > 0 and f be continuous on [−a, a]. Suppose that f 0 (x) ≤ 1, ∀x ∈ (−a, a), if
f (a) = a and f (−a) = −a. Show that f (0) = 0.

(18) Assume that f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Also assume that f (a)
0
and f (b) have opposite signs and that f 6= 0 between a and b. Show that f (x) = 0
exactly once between a and b.

(19) A trucker handed in a ticket at a toll booth showing that in 2 hours she had covered
159km on a toll road with speed limit at 65kmph. The trucker was cited for speeding.
Why?
(20) Show that at some instant during a 2-hour automobile trip the car’s sppedometer read-
ing will equal the average speed for the trip.

(21) Assume that f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Also assume that f (a)
and f (b) have opposite signs and that f 0 6= 0 between a and b. Show that f (x) = 0
exactly once between a and b.

(22) As x moves from left to right through point c = 2 is the graph of f (x) = x3 − 3x + 2
rising or falling?

(23) Let f (x) = tanx on [0, π]. Find the critical point if exist; and hence extreme values of
f.

(24) Show that the 5 is a critical point of the function f (x) = 2 + (x − 5)3 but f does not
have a local extreme value at 5.

(25) (a) Show that g(t) = sin2 t − 3t decreases on every interval in its domain.
(b) How many solutions does the equation sin2 t − 3t = 5 have? Give reason for your
answer.

(26) (a) Show that y = tanθ increases on every interval in its domain.
(b) If the conclusion in above part is really correct, how to you explain the fact that
tanπ = 0 is less than tan(π/4) = 1.

(27) Prove the following inequalities.

(a) | tan−1 x − tan−1 y| ≤ |x − y| for all x and y in R.

(b) √b−a
1−a2
< sin−1 b − sin−1 a < √b−a
1−b2
for 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1.
x2
(c) ex > 1 + x + 2 for all x > 0.

(d) tan x > x for 0 < x < π/2.

x
(e) 1+x < ln(1 + x) < x for x > 0.

(28) For the following find critical points of f . Also, on what intervals is f increasing and
decreasing. At what points, if any, does f assume local maximum and minimum values.

2
(a) f (x) = −x2 − 3x + 3 (d) f (x) = x 3 (x + 5)
(b) f (x) = −x3 + 2x2 (e) f 0 (x) = x(x − 1)
1 2 (x−1)
(c) f (x) = x 3 (x + 8) (f) f 0 (x) = x x+2 , x 6= 2

(29) Sketch the graph of a continuous function y = g(x) such that

(a) g(2) = 2, 0 < g 0 < 1 f or x < 2, g 0 (x) → 1− as x → 2− , −1 < g 0 < 0 f or x >

2, and g 0 (x) → −1+ as x → 2+ .

(b) g(2) = 2, g 0 < 0 f or x < 2, g 0 (x) → −∞ as x → 2− , g 0 > 0 f or x > 2, and g 0 (x) →

∞ as x → 2+ .
 (c) g(0) = 0, −2 ≤ g(x) ≤ 2 f or all x, g 0 (x) → ∞ as x → 0− , and g 0 (x) → ∞ as x →
0+ .

(d) g(0) = 0, −2 ≤ g(x) ≤ 0 f or all x, g 0 (x) → ∞ as x → 0− , and g 0 (x) → −∞ as x →

0+ .

(30) State true or false and justify your answers.

(a) If f (x) is increasing then f 0 (x) > 0 for all x.
(b) If f 0 (x) > 0 for all x then f (x) is increasing function.
(c) f (x) = sin x − x increases in every interval.

(31) Give an example to show that an inflection point need not occur even though both
derivatives exist and f 00 = 0.

(32) Give an example of a function having a point of inflection where first derivative exist,
but the second derivative fails to exist.

(33) Sketch graph of the function using following steps:

(a) Domain of f .
(b) Find Critical points.
(c) Find the intervals on which f is increasing or decreasing.
(d) Find Inflection points.
(e) Find the intervals where f is concave up or concave down.
(f) Identify any asymptotes that may exist.
(g) Plot key points, such as the intercepts and the points found in above steps and
sketch the curve together with any asymptotes that exist.

(i) y = x2 − 4x + 3 (ii) y = x3 − 3x + 3

(iii) y = x(6 − 2x)2 (iv) y = −2x3 + 6x2 − 3

(v) y = 1 − 9x − 6x2 − x3 (vi) y = x2 (x2 − 2)

−π
√
(vii) y = 34 x − tan x, 2 <x< π
2 (viii) y =
(1−x2 )
2x+1

2
p
(ix) y = x2 + x (x) y = |x|

(xi) y = 1 x2 −4
x2 −1 (xii) y = 2x

(34) One tower is 50 ft high and another is 30 ft high. The towers are 150 ft apart from each
other. A guy wire is to run from point A to the top of each tower. Locate the point A
so that the total length of guy wire is minimum.(Ans: 170)

(35) A window is to be made in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular portion

 clear glass and the semicircular portion is to be of colored glass admitting only half as
much light per square foot as the clear glass. If the total perimeter of the window is to
be p feet, find the dimensions of the window which will admit the maximum light.(Ans:
4p
width= 3π+8 and height = p(π+4)
3π+8 . )

√
3 3
(36) For a triangle ABC, show that sinA + sinB + sinC ≤ 2 and determine when equality
holds.

(37) If a, b, c > 0 ad a + b + c = 1 then find the minimum of (a + a1 )10 + (b + 1b )10 + (c + 1c )10 .

a1 +a2 +...+an
(38) Prove that AM-GM in-equality, which states that if a1 , a2 , ..., an ≥ 0. then n ≥
(a1 a2 · · · an )1/n . Also determine when equality holds.