Joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections - Part 04 PDF

4.
DOUBLE ANGLE WEB CLEATS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The double angle web cleat connection consists of a pair The rotational capacity of the connection is governed
of angle cleats that are usually bolted to the supported principallyby the deformation capacity of the angles and,
beam web in the shop and the beam assembly is then to a lesser extent, by the slip between the connected
bolted to the supporting member (Beam, I column or parts, (see Figure 4.2).
RHS column) on site. Flowdrill or Hollo-Bolts are used for
connections to RHS columns, (see Figure 4.1). To minimise rotational resistance, the thickness of the
angle cleats should be kept to a minimum and the bolt
The connection requires no welding and permits minor cross-centres (or gauge) should be relatively large.
site adjustment when using untorqued bolts in clearance
holes. However, it lacks flexibility in accommodating The connection moment is indeterminate but small and
beam skews and there is difficulty in connecting into can be neglected.
shallow depth columns. It is also not as strong as an
equivalent end plate connection.
Figure 4.1 Double angle cleat. Beam-to-column Figure 4.2 Deformation of angle cleats
and beam-to-beamconnections
70
Double Angle Web Cleats - Recommended Geometry
4.2 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Angle cleatsare normally made by punchingand cropping, 7 20 cross centres
with the holes in the beam and supporting members of 22 dia holes
usually being drilled. in support
One problem of detailing arises when beamswith different

web thicknessesframe into opposite sides of a supporting
beam or column web. For minor variations in the web
thickness the normal bolt clearance holes will allow the
bolt gauge to be set as normal. However, once the
difference is more than 3mm the gauge will usually be set
a t 1 OOmm + based on the larger beam, and then cleats
with an increased back-mark made for the smaller beam.
22 dia hole in
This obviously has its drawbacks and can lead to difficulties the supporting web
with identification, especially if the back-mark in one leg
onlyvaries by, say, 2 or 3mm from the standard. Asolution
to this problem is to use a short slotted hole, as described
below. 55 backmark
The slotted hole connection Figure 4.3 Short slotted holes in

Double Angle Cleats
A short slotted hole 22mm x 26mm long can be used in
the outstanding leg of the cleat as shown in Figure 4.3. To facilitate the erection of a pair of larger beams it may
be necessary to provide some form of support during
The bolt gauge in the support is set constant a t 120mm erection. (See Figure 5.3 in Section 5)
and, by using cleats with a 55mm back-markto the centre
of the slot hole, beams with web thickness from 6mm to
14mm can be accommodated. This catersfor all the main 4.3 RECOMMENDED GEOMETRY
UBs with the exception of some sections at the top end of
The design procedures which follow set down a number
the range.
of recommended details that are intended to achieve the
Although the bearing capacity of the cleat around the required connection ductility.
slotted hole is reduced (see BS 5950-1[l], clause 6.3.3.3)
When detailing the joint, the main requirements are as
this check will rarely be critical.
follows:-
When the connection is bolted up on site, washers should (i) the cleats are positioned close to the top flange in
be used over the slotted holes and the bolts firmly order to provide positional restraint;
tightened. However, care must be taken not to use slotted (ii) the cleats are a t least 0.6 x the supported beam
holes in situations where vibration or dynamic loads are depth in order to provide the beam with adequate
present which might lead to the possibility of joint slip. torsional restraint;
(iii) the cleats are relatively thin (8mm or 1Omm);
Erection
(iv) the bolts in the supporting member are a t reasonable
The double angle web cleat is a good connection in terms cross centres (1OOmm + beam web thickness).
of its facility for site adjustment.The two sets of bolts are
The first two requirements ensure that in those cases
both placed in clearance holes allowing slight adjustment
where the beam is laterally unrestrained, it can be designed
in two directions beforethe bolts are tightened. In addition
with an effective length of 1.OL. (BS 5950-1 [l]: Table 13)
to this, packs can be placed between the cleats and the
supported member if required. The last two requirements ensure adequate ductility to
classify as "simple connections".
With two sided connections that share a common set of
bolts, the shop bolts should be placed with heads in These requirements, togetherwith the standard geometry
opposite directions in the connecting pair of beams and presented in Section 2, have been used to create the
the site bolts placed as shown in Figure 4.4. In some cases, 'standard connection' shown in Figure 4.4.
it may be necessaryto place the nut over the hole and turn
the bolt into the nut.
Double Angle Web Cleats - Recommended Geometry
Supporting
column
Supporting
beam
to clear bolts
-1
Cross-centres
7 0 Projection
50 50 50
(loo+ tw)mm
t w is the greater web thickness

of the two beams connecting
to the column web
Beam-to-column Beam-to-beam
Recommended cleat size Vertical bolt lines
90 x 90x 10 Angle 1
150~90~10Angle 2
~ _ _ ~
Bolts: M20 grade 8.8 in 22mm diameter holes

Cleats: Steel grade S 275, minimum length 0.6D
where D is depth of supported beam
~~
Note: For the smaller UBs, up to 457mm deep, a 90 x 90 x 8mm angle

cleat is sometimes used, and a case can also be made for using
90 x 90 x 12mm anglesfor the heavier beams when shear in the
cleat leg becomes critical. The use of 10mm thick cleats is
recommended for standard connections.
Figure 4.4 Standard double angle web cleat connections
72
Double Angle Web Cleats - Design
4.4 DESIGN
The full design procedure is presented in Section 4.5. Worked examples
Five worked examples are provided in Section 4.6 to
With a single vertical line of bolts in the beam web, the
illustrate the full set of design checks of Section 4.5.
best that can be achieved from a web cleat connection is
a connection shear capacity of around 50% of that of the
beam in shear. Two vertical lines of bolts will increase this
CONNECTION CAPACITY TABLES
value up to a maximum of 75%, although it will be found
that due to the increased eccentricity of the design load, Capacity tables for double angle web cleat connections
the benefit is disproportionate to the additional bolts using ordinary or Flowdrill bolts are given in Tables H.9 to
used. H.12 and inTables H.13 to H.16for Hollo-Boltconnections
in the yellow pages. The tables include connections with
For a configurationsuch as that shown in Figure 4.4, it will one or two lines of bolts, using both S275 or 5355 beams
be found that shear capacity in a connection with one and are detailed in accordancewith the standard geometry
vertical line of bolts is generally governed by bolt bearing presented in Figure 4.4 and Table H.7.
on the web of the supported beam (Check 4). Block shear
failure of the beam web may also be critical (Check 4). Values of the connection shear and tying capacities are
tabulated, together with simple aids to check the
Check 3, dealingwith the shear capacity of the angle cleat supporting member and the beam notch (if applicable).
leg, generally becomes the critical mode for larger size The tying capacities are based on the rigorous method
beams when a connection has to be made with two outlined in Appendix B.
vertical rows of bolts. If extra capacity is needed in these
cases, then 150 x 90 x 12mm thick cleats may be the
solution. This will increase the rotational stiffness of the
connection, but it will not be detrimental.
Structural integrity
All floor beam-to-columnconnections must be designed
to resist a tying force of a t least 75kN - a force which can
be carried by the simplest of cleats. (See Appendix A).
For certain tall, multi-storey buildings it will be necessary
to check the connectionfor large tying forces to satisfy the
structural integrity requirements of BS 5950-1 ['I.
Generally it will be found that the tying capacity of a web

cleat connection is adequate- mainly because of its ability
to accept large deformationsbefore failure. Checks 11 to
15 give quick and reasonable results, although reference
should be made to Appendix B if a more rigorousapproach
is necessary.
If a standard connection is unable to carry large tying

forces, then extra capacity can be achieved by increasing
the cleat thickness and/or reducing the bolt gauge in the
support. However, in these cases consideration should be
given to the increase in the rotational stiffness of the
connection.
The tying force should be considered in isolation and not

coexistent with other loads.
73
Double Angle Web Cleats - Design Procedures
4.5 DESIGN PROCEDURES
Recommended design model The design model assumes that the angles will deform as
Any simple equilibrium analysis is suitable for design. The the beam ends rotates and the eccentricity moment is
one used in this guide is in accordance with traditional UK resisted by the bolt group on the supported beam. The
design practice and does not imply any out of plane design procedure applies to beams connected to the
bending of the cleat legs. flange or web of a column, the wall of a RHS column or the
web of a supporting beam.
- , Supported beam
Single vertical line
Single vertical line rows
{!$
of bolts
of bolts
Supporting colum
(Ior RHS)
Supporting beam -
Assumed line of
shear transfer
(face of column)
FV
Assumed line of
shear transfer
(face of web) 4 FV
Supported beam
Supported beam Double vertical line
Double vertical line n rows of bolts
of bolts
Supporting colum
(Ior RHS)
4- 4
Assumed line of
shear transfer
4 I I
Assumed line of
shear transfer
(face of column) (face of web)
FV FV
Check 1 Recommended detailing practice
Check 2 Supported beam - Bolt group
Check 3 Supported beam - Connectingelements
Check 4 Supported beam - Capacity a t the connection
Check 5 Supported beam - Capacity a t a notch
Check 6 Supported beam - Local stability of notched beam
Check 7 Unrestrained supported beam - Overall stability of notched beam
Check 8 Supporting beam/column - Bolt group
Check 9 Supporting beam/column - Connecting elements
Check 10 Supporting beam/column - Local capacity
Check 11 Structural integrity - Connecting elements
Check 12 Structural integrity - Supported beam
Check 13 Structural integrity - Tension bolt group
Check 14 Structural integrity - Supporting column web (UC or UB)
Check 15 Structural integrity - Supporting column wall (RHS)
Check 16 Not applicable
74
CHECK 1 Recommended detailing practice
1r
End projection, t, approximately 1Omm
Length of cleat,
Min. 2.5 d
I20.6D
\ m Bolt diameter, d
. Hole diameter, Dh
D
Dh = d + 2mm for d I24mm
Dh = d + 3mm ford > 24mm
(for Hollo-Boltssee Table H.61)
f‘ll Double line of bolts

Face of beam or
column (Ior RHS)
\ Gauge, g
90mm 5 g I140mm
Cleat thickness, t, (see note 2)
& = 8mmorlOmm
50mm but
4
t
Supported beam
(Single notched)
1
Supporting beam /-
Notes
(1) The angle cleats are generally positioned close to the top flange of the beam to provide adequate
positional restraint.Cleat length of a t least 0.6D is usually adopted to give “nominal torsional restraint”
(BS 5950-1[’I Table 13 and clause 4.2.2).
(2) In addition, for connections to RHS columns, g should be a t least 0.3 x face width.
(3). Detail requirements for Flowdrill and Hollo-Bolt connections to RHS columns should also comply with
Tables H.60 and H.61 of the yellow pages.
(4) Bolt spacing and edge distances should comply with the recommendations of BS 5950-1: 2000.
In beam-to-I section column flange connections, where it is requiredto comply with structural integrity
requirements for a tie force of 75kN, the connection must have a t least 2 no. M20, 8.8 bolts in tension
with I 2 140mm, t, 2 8mm and g I 140mm.
For greater tie forces and other connections (e.g. to column webs and RHS), checks 11 to 15, as
appropriate, should be carried out.
75
CHECK 2 Supported beam - Bolt group
Check these bolts in shear under eccentric load

/ /
I or RHS
Assumed line of
shear transfer shear transfer
-F
Assumed line of
(a +x)
FV
Single Line of bolts Double -..re of bc ts
Shear capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to web of supported beam

(taking account of eccentricity 'a' for single line of bolts and (a + x) for double line of bolts.)
Basic requirement:
F, 4 2Ps
F, = resultant force on outermost bolt due to direct shear and moment

For single line of bolts
- vertical force on the bolt bolt pitch

Fsv - due to direct shear
- force on the outermost distance from centre of
Fsm - bolt due to moment bolt group to each bolt
elastic section modulus distance from centre of

"' =
of bolt group bolt group to furthest bolt
For double line of bolts shear capacity of a single

2 )'I2
bolt in double shear
Fs = ((Fsv + Fsmv)2 + Fsmh
Ps As
vertical force on the bolt
Fsv = due to direct shear shear strength of a bolt
vertical force on the outermost shear area of a bolt

Fsmv = bolt due to moment
inertia of bolt group
Fsmh
- horizontalforce on the outermost
- bolt due to moment
= My
,,I
M = Fv (a + x)
Ibg = zs2
76
CHECK 3 Supported beam - Connecting elements
n rows
of bolts
Single Line of bolts Double Line of bolts

Shear and bearing capacity of cleat connected to supported beam
:i) For shear:
Basic requirement:
where:
Fv/2 Pvmin
Ke = 1.2 for 5275 steel
Pv.min = shear capacity of the leg of the angle cleat
-- 1.1 for 5355 steel
= smaller of Plain shear capacity Pv
and Block shear capacity P,
P = bolt pitch
Plain shear
d = diameter of bolt
pv = min (0.6 ~y A,,, 0.7 PyKe net)
A,, = 0.9 (2e, + (n - I) p) t, D, = diameter of hole
%.net = 4- Dh tc t, = thickness of cleat
Block shear
pbs = bearing strength of cleat
p, = 0.6 py tc( 1 Ke(Lt - kDh ))
1 = el +(n-1)p e = end distance, and may
conservatively be taken
k = 0.5 and 4= e2 (for single line of bolts)
as smaller of el and e2
k = 2.5 and 4= e2 + gb (for double line of bolts)
F, is defined in CHECK 2
ji) For bearing:
Basic requirement:
Fs/2 'bs
Pb, = bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat

per bolt
= d t, pbs but Pb, I 0.5 et, pbs
77
CHECK 4 Supported beam - Capacity at the connection
Critical section in plain shear

I I
n rows
of bolts
/ 4 '
Block shear failure
tearing out of shaded portion
/ Fv' / FV'
Critical section in plain shear 1,
n rows
of bolts
Block shear failure / /

tearing out of shaded portion
Shear, bending and bearing capacity of the supported beam:
(i) For shear: Block shear (applicable to notched beams only)
Basic requirement: pr = o.6 py L(L+ Ke(Lt- kDh ))
Fv 5 Pvmin 1= et+(n-l)p
shear capacity of the beam
Pv.min = k = 0.5 and 4= e3 (for single line of bolts)
a t the connection
= smaller of: k = 2.5 and 4= e3+gb (fordoublelineof bolts)
Plain shear capacity Pv and
Block shear capacity Pr where:
K, = 1.2 for 5275 steel
Plain shear = 1.1 for 5355 steel
pv = min (0.6 ~y A,, 0.7 PyKe &.net) p = bolt pitch
4 = (e,+(n-l)p+eb) Dh = diameter of hole

(for un-notched & Single notched beam:
t, = thickness of supported beam web
A, = 0.9(et + (n - 1) p + eb) t,
(for double notched beam)
%.net = %-'"ht, .
78

continued
Note: If the notch length c is greater than (e, + gd, then shear and bending interaction should be checked
at the 2ndline of bolts. The beam at the end of the notch may also be critical - see Check 5.
Critical section for shear and bending interaction
n rows
of bolts
t FV
(ii) Shear and Bending interaction at the 2nd line of bolts, if the notch length c > (e3 + gb):
Basic requirement:
+ e3
Fv (tl + gb) MC
, where:
For single notched beam: Mcc = moment capacity of the notched
For low shear (Le. F, I 0.75P,.min) beam a t the connection in the
presence of shear.
Mcc = PyZ
Z = elastic section modulus of the
For high shear (i.e. F, > O.75Pv min)
gross tee section a t the bolt line.
112
Mcc = 1.5pyZ [l-(L)2)
Pvmin
For double notched beam:

For low shear (i.e. F, I 0.75P,,min)
For high shear (i.e. F, > 0.75P,,min)
79

continued
e3
i r
Check bolt group

in bearing under
eccentric load
(iii) For bearing:
Basic requirement:
FS ' 'bs
FS = resultant force as defined in CHECK 2.
'bs = bearing capacity of the beam web per bolt
= dt,Pbs but Pb, 5 0.5eLppbs
pbs = bearing strength of beam web
e = end distance, and may conservatively be taken as e3
20
CHECK 5 Supported beam - Capacity at a notch
n rows
of bolts
beam flange
Shear and bending interaction at the notch:
Basic requirement:
(a) For single bolt line or for double bolt lines, if% 2 2d:
+ clI
Fv (tl McN
I where:
M,, for Single notched beam:
For low shear (i.e. F, I 0.75PV,) M
,, = moment capacity of the beam a t the
notch in the presence of shear
McN = PyzN P, = shear capacity a t the notch
= OS6 P y b N
For high shear (i.e. F, > O.75Pv,)
bN = (et+(n-l)p + eb)L
(for single notched beam)
M
,, = 1.5pYZ,
( -(-)
1
N: p = O.g(e, + (n - 1) p +
eb)L
(for double notch beam)
M,, for Double notched beam:
For low shear (i.e. F, I 0.75PV,) tl = end projection
L = thickness of supported beam web
c = length of notch
I For high shear (i.e. F, > 0.75PV,) Z, = elastic section modulus of the gross tee
section a t the notch
x, = +ve
e 3 , gb as per CHECK 4
(b) For double bolt lines, if X, < 2d:
max ( Fv(tl+c), Fv(tl+e3+gb)) McN
M
,, = M
,, from CHECK4
27
CHECK 6 Supported beam - Local stability of notched bean
When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling, no account need be taken of
notch stability provided the following conditions are met:
For one flange notched [141J51
Basic requirement:
dcl 5 D/2 and:
C I D for D/t, I54.3 (5275 steel)

160000D
C I for D/t, > 54.3 (5275 steel)
(D/L)3
c < D for D/t, I48.0 (5355 steel)

11OOOOD
C I for D / L > 48.0 (5355 steel)
(D/L)3
For both flanges notched

Basic requirement:
for D/t, I54.3 (5275 steel)
for D/t, > 54.3 (5275 steel)
C I D for D/t, < 48.0 (5355 steel)
11OOOOD
C I for D/t, > 48.0 (5355 steel)
(D/c.J3
where:
L = thickness of supported beam web
Where the notch length c exceeds these limits, either suitable stiffening should be provided or the notch
should be checked to references 14, 15 and 16.
22
~ ~~
Unrestrained supported beam

CHECK 7 Overall stability of notched beam
I $I
When a notched beam is unrestrained against lateral torsional buckling, the overall
stability of the beam should be checked.
Notes:
(1) This check is only applicable for beams with one flange notched. Guidance on double-notched
beams is given in Section 5.1 2 of Reference 1 7.
(2) If the notch length c and/or notch depth d, are different a t each end, then the larger values for
c and d, should be used.
(3) clause 4.3 with a

Beams should be checked for lateral torsional buckling to BS 5950-1[’],
modified effective length (LE) which takes account of notches.
(4) The solution below gives the modified effective length (LE) based on references 18,19 and 20.
It is only valid for C / L b < 0.15 and d,,/D < 0.2(beams with notches outside these limits should
be checked as tee sections, or stiffened).
K =
U v Lb
hb =
Y‘
where: x, v and ry are for the un-notched I beam section and are defined in BS 5950-1
U,
Conservatively, U = 0.9 and v = 1 .O
for hb < 30 KO = 1.1 go x but I 1.1, , ,K
for hb 2 30 KO = go x but I , , ,K
go and, , ,K are tabulated below:
C Kmax
-
Lb go UB uc
section section
I .025 5.56 260 70
.os0 5.88 280 80
.075 6.19 290 90
.loo 6.50 300 95
.125 6.81 305 95
.150 7.1 3 31 5 100
23
~ ~~
CHECK 8 Supporting beam/column - Bolt group
Check these bolts in shear Check these bolts in shear

under concentric load under concentric load
J - \
I
i
f e1
dpporting column
I I or RHS
--r-
Shear capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to supporting beam or column
Basic requirement:
F, 2 = p, shear strength of a bolt
P, = shear capacity of single bolt

shear area of a bolt
= PsAs* thickness of cleat
but for the top pair of bolts, P, is the smaller of:

bearing strength of cleat
psAs* or 0.5 kbs e1 t, pb,
end distance
1.O for standard clearance holes,

Flowdrill and Holl@Bolts
0.7 for short slotted holes
* For Hollo-Bolts p, A, should be taken as the shear capacity given in Table H.56 of the yellow pages
24
Supporting beam/column- Connectingelements

CHECK 9
(Legs of cleats adjacent to supporting beam or column)
Critical section in Block shear - check failure by

shear and bearing tearing out of shaded portion
\ ! / I
\ /
i
\
A
t e1
i
n rows
of bolts
L - A
Shear and bearing capacity of cleats conn - :ted to ipporting beam or column
(i) For shear: where:
Basic requirement: P = bolt pitch
Fv/2 ‘ Pvmin
d = diameter of bolt *
Pv,min = shear capacity of the leg of the angle cleat
= smaller of Plain shear capacity P,
Dh = diameter of hole *
= thickness of cleat
Plain shear tC
Pv = min (0.6 py 4,) 0.7 PyKe %,net) = bearing strength of cleat

pbs
4 = 0.9 (2el + (n - 1) p) tc
e1 = end distance
%.net = %- Dh tc
Block shear k = 0.5 and 4 = e2

(for single line of bolts in
p, = o-6 py t c ( h Ke(Lt - kDh )>
the outstanding leg)
L,, = el +(n-1)p
Ke = 1.2 for 5275 steel
(ii) For bearing: = 1.1 for 5355 steel
Basic requirement: kbs = 1.O for standard clearence holes,

Flowdrilland Hollo-Bolts
Fv/2 “bs
= 0.7 for short slotted holes
C Pbs= bearing capacity of the leg of the single
angle cleat (ie. for ‘n’ bolts) * For Hollo-Bolts d is the nominal bolt
bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat per bol diameter but Dhis the hole diameter in the
Pbs =
cleat as given in Table H.61 of the yellow
= pbs
kbsd tc pages.
but for the top bolt, Pbs is the smaller of:
kbsd tc pbs or 0-5kbs el

t c pbs
25
Supporting beam/column - Local capacity

CHECK 10 (with one supported beam)
Supporting Column
I
Supporting Beam I Column RHS Column
Critical sections
Critical sections Top of column web
web thickness t
2 2 2 2 2 2
Fv
- 5 -
Fv 5
Local shear and bearing capacity of supporting beam web or column web or RHS wall
for one supported beam
where:
(i) For shear:
e, = smaller of et, and 5d
Basic requirement:
1
smallest of e, g/2 and 5d
F,/2 I P, (for supporting beam)
e b =
P, = local shear capacity of supporting beam web -
- smaller of g/2 and 5d
or I column web or RHS column wall (for supporting column)
P, = min (0.6 p, &, 0.7 PyKe &,net) p = bolt pitch

d = diameter of bolt *
4, = (et+(n-l)p+eb)L
Dh = diameter of hole *
&.net = &- Dh h I L = thickness of supporting
beam web or column web
(ii) For bearing:
or RHS wall
Basic requirement:
,k, = 1.Ofor standard clearence holes,
F"
- Flowdrill and Hollc-Bolts
'bs
2n Ke = 1.2forS275steel
P
,, = bearing capacity of supporting beam 1.1 for S355 steel
or column per bolt * For Hollo-Bolts d is the nominal bolt
= kbsd L pbs diameter but Dh is the hole diameter in the
cleat as given in Table H.61 of the yellow pages.
pbs = bearing strength of supporting beam or column
For Flowdrill the diameter of the hole is the
~ bolt diameter.
Note: The above check (i) is for local shear only; the effects of any global shear forces must also be considered.
If the beam is connected to a rolled column flange, and the thickness of the column flange is less than
the thickness of the cleat then the bearing capacity of the flange should also be checked.
26
CHECK 10 Supporting beam/column - Local capacity

(continued) (with two supported beams)
Supporting Beam Supporting I Column
Supporting beam Critical sections Top of column web Critical sections

/ T-----7
i
clear bolts
4 - T
lt
Fv2 Fir1
FW+ Fa
2
+,,F,
2
Fa
lt
Fv2 Fv1
Lw
F+,
2
Fa Fa+ Fa
2
-ocal shear and bearing capacity of supporting beam web or column web for two supported beams
:i) For shear:

Basic requirement:
smaller of etl and 5d
FvlA Fv2
- 2+ - 5 2 PV smallest of eb2, g/2, p and 5d
(for supporting beam)
"2
Fvl A = Fvl-
"1 smallest of g/2, p and 5d
(for supporting column)
PV = local shear capacity of supporting
beam web or column web bolt pitch
diameter of bolt
diameter of hole
% = (e, + (n2 - 1) P + eb> tw
thickness of supporting
%.net = $- n2Dh$v beam web or column web
ii) For bearing: 1.2 for S275 steel

Basic requirement: 1.1 for 5355 steel
'bs = bearing capacity of supporting beam

or column per bolt
= df,pbs
pbs = bearing strength of supporting beam
or column
N te: The above check (i)is for local shear only; the effects of any global shear forces must also -e considered.
27
CHECK 11 Structural integrity - connecting elements
r-
g
e1
P
n rows
of bolts P
P
e1
Critical
sections
t
Tie force
Note: This check is only needed if it is necessary to comply with structural integrity requirements
Structural integrity - tension capacity of double angle web cleats
Basic requirement: where:

Le = effective net length
Tie force I Tying capacity of double angle web cleats
= 2ee + (n - 1) pe - n D,
Tying capacity of double angle web cleats

= e, but I e2
= 0.6 Le tcpy for S 275 steel (see Appendix B)
= 0.5 Le t, py for S 355 steel (see Appendix B) Pe = p but I 2e2
P = bolt pitch
Limitations:
g I 140mm D, = diameter of hole *
tc 2 8mm
tC
= thickness of cleat
* For Hollo-Bolts D, is the hole diameter in the

cleat as given in Table H.61 of the yellow pages.
Note: Appendix B, gives a rigorous approach for calculating the tension capacity of double angle cleats.
The capacity tables on the yellow pages are based on the rigorous approach and not the simplified
approach given here.
CHECK 12 Structural integrity - supported beam
i e 3 t
n rows
of bolts
-;;I++;
n rows
of bolts
Structural integrity - tension and bearing capacity of beam web

i) For tension
Basic requirement: "here:
Le = effective net length
Tie force I Net tension capacity of beam web
-
- 2ee + (n - l)pe - nDh
Net tension capacity of beam web
e, = but I e, for single line of bolts
= Le tw py e3
ii) For bearing e, = e3 + g, - D, but I e, for double line of bolts

Basic requirement:
Pe
-
- p but I 2e3 for single line of bolts
Tie force I Bearing capacity of beam web
- p but I 2(e, + gb - Dh) for double line Of bolt:
-
Pe
Bearing capacity of beam web
t w = beam web thickness
= 1 . k dt, pbs but
I 0.5ne,t,pbs P = bolt pitch
for single line of bolts
Dh = diameter of hole
d = diameter of bolt
pbs = bearing strength of beam web

(BS 5950-1, Table 32)
29
Structural integrity -
CHECK 13 Tension bolt group
Tension
bolt Tie force
Structural integrity - tension capacity of bolts in presence of extreme prying
Basic requirement:
where:
Tension capacity of
Tie force 5 n = number of rows of bolts
tension bolt group
A, = tensile stress area of a bolt
Tension capacity of
tension bolt group
= 2nAt Ptr * reduced tension strength of a
Ptr =
bolt in presence of extreme prying
= 300N/mm2 for grade 8.8 bolts
(see Appendix 0)
* See Note (3) for Flowdrill or Hollo-Bolts
Votes:
(1) The reduced tension strength, (ptr) is only used when double angle web cleat design for structural
integrity is based on Appendix B or CHECK 11.
(2) Where a beam is attached to one side of a column web without a beam on the opposite side, or to
RHS column, the bolt tensions have to be resisted by local bending of the web or RHS wall. UC webs
can resist 75kN but need to be checked if the tying force is higher. UB webs need to be checked for 75kN
and higher tying forces. CHECK 14 proposes a design model which could be used for this purpose.
CHECK 15 proposes a design model for checking the wall of RHS column.
(3) For Flowdrill or Hollo-Bolt connections the value At ptr is replaced by the Structural integrity Tensile
Capacity (Psi) taken from Tables H.55b and H.56 respectively, in the yellow pages.
30
CHECK 14
Supporting column web (UC or UB) I
Angle cleats
(n-1 connecting to
column web
yield lines
Tie Force
Structural integrity -Tying capacity of rolled column web, in the presence of axial compression in
the column
Basic requirement:
where:
Tie force < Tying capacity of column web
17, =
Tying capacity 8 Mu
If column web
= - (ql + lS(1 - p1)0.5 (1 -y,)0.5) * =
1 -P, P1
- moment capacity of column Y, =

Mu -
web per unit length
2
-
- -Pu t w dc = depth of column between fillets
4
L = thickness of column web
pu = design tensile strength of the column gauge (cross centres)
9 =
= U, /1.25 (see inset box) D, = diameter of hole
* Factor 1.5 in the equation includes an allowance for

the axial compression in the column. Design tensile strength
I
Note: The check is required for either single-sided connections to the rolled column web
or unequally loaded double-sidedconnections to the rolled column web.
37
CHECK 15 Supporting column wall (RHS) 0
B
m
Angle cleats
connecting to
P RHS column
yield lines
Ti6 Force
Structural integrity - Tying capacity of RHS wall, in the presence of axial compression in the
column
where:
Basic requirement:
Tie force 5 Tying capacity of RHS column wall rl, =
9
rying capacity
=
8 Mu
- (ql + 1.5(1 - p1)0.5 (1 - Y1)O.’) * PI =
(B - 3tw)
RHS column wall
1- p , Y, = Dh
(B -3L)
Mu -- moment capacity of RHS column
B = overall width of RHS column wall
wall per unit length
2
to which the connection is made
-- -Pu t w
4 thickness of RHS column
t w =
pu = design tensile strength of the RHS column D, = diameter of hole in RHS
= U, /1.25 (see inset box)
-
- bolt diameter
* Factor 1.5 in the equation includes an allowance for
for Flowdrill
the axial compression in the column. -

- hole diameter (in RHS) given
in Table H.61 of yellow pages
for Hollo-Bolt
Design tensile strength I 9 = gauge (cross centres)
pu= U, /1.25 n = number of rows of bolts
P = bolt pitch
BS EN 10210 - 1:1994f3]
32
Double Angle Web Cleats - Worked Examples
4.6 WORKED EXAMPLES
The worked examples show design calculations for typical It should be noted that tie forces are ignored in checks for
standard connections. Each example demonstrates first vertical reactions and vertical reactions are ignored in
the use of the capacity tables (yellow pages) and then full checks for tie forces.
checks accordingto the procedures in Section 4.5. The full
checks will normally only need to be applied to non- Example 4
standard connections but their application to standard
connections demonstrates thevalidity of the much simpler Example 4 covers the same beam connections to an RHS
process when using standard details. column as in Example 3 but uses Hollo-Bolts to connect
double angle web cleats to the column wall.
When calculations must be made for non-standard
Example 5
connections, some design checks may be omitted where
it is obvious, from inspection of the detail, that a check is not Example 5 demonstrates the stability CHECK 7 for a
critical. In the case of Example 1, CHECK 3 and CHECK 9 laterally unrestrained beam with a single notch a t each
Block Shear calculation are not made since they are never end. Although this example is presented here, it is equally
a critical factor for well proportioned angle cleats with applicable to flexible end plates and fin plates.
bolts spaced a t reasonable centres in the cleat length.
However, if a connection design were made using a
long cleat with bolts concentrated a t one end of the
cleat, it is possible that Block Shear failure could occur
before Plain Shear failure and then the Block shear
checks should be made.
CHECK 7, dealing with overall stability of an unrestrained

beam, should be undertaken by the member designer
taking accountof any notching requireda t the ends of the
supported beam in order to facilitate the use of a simple
connection.
CHECKS 11 to 15 all deal with structural integrity in the

presence of an axial tie force required to be developed in
some members to ensure the steel frame is sufficiently
robust, or in the case of some multi-storey buildings, to
localise accidental damage. When tying capacity is not
required these checks may be omitted.
Example 1
Example 1 covers design checks for a two sided beam-to-

beam connection.
Example 2
Example 2 demonstrates the additional design checks

required when a beam-to-column connection must be
designed to resist tying forces.
Example 3
Example 3 is a beam connection to an RHS column using

normal grade 8.8 bolts in Flowdrill threaded holes to
connect double angle web cleats to the column wall. The
beam sizes, vertical reactions and tie forces are the same
as in Examples 1 and 2, so only checks which are different
to the those shown previously are illustrated.
33
Double Angle Web Cleats - Worked Example 7
job No Sheet
Joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections 1 of 18
Title
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam
CALCULATION Client
SHEET SCI/BCSA Connections Croup
Calcs by
RS
Checked by
AM
I May 2002
Date
REF.
DESIGN EXAMPLE 7
Check the following beam to beam connection for the design forces shown.
Yellow pages used for initial selection of Angle cleats.
N= 7 20
to clear bolts
iee Figure 4.4

I
300kN 1'1 465kN
2 - 1 5 0 ~ 9 10
0 ~ 10
2-90x90~
angle cleats (Type CB4) angle cleats (Type CA6, Yellow pages
Grade 5275 Crade 5275 Table H.2
Design Information:
Bolts: M20 8.8

Material: All 5275
34
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 2 of 78
CONNECTION DESIGN USING CAPAClTY TABLES FROM YELLOW PAGES
533 x 27b x 92 UB
Grade 5275
6 7 0 x 2 2 9 ~140 UB
Grade 5275
406 x 178 x 74 UB Grade 5275 533 x 270 x 92 UB Grade 5275
Cleat type CB4 Grade 5275 Cleat type CA6 Grade 5275
Bolts M20 8.8 Bolts M 2 O 8.8
From capacity table H.7 0 From capacity table H.9 Yellow pages
in Yellow pages in Yellow pages Tables
H.10 & H.9
Connection shear capacity Connection shear capacity

= 404kN > 300kN = 475kN > 465kN .'. O.K.
Maximum notch length Maximum notch length
(c+ t,) = 221mm > 120mm (c+ t,) = 346mm > 120mm .*. O.K.
Web thickness of supporting beam = 13.7mm Table H.64
Minimum support thickness = 5.5 + 4.3 = 9.8mm < 13.1mm .*. O.K.
Connection is adequate
35
I
~~
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 3 of 18
SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 1

Note: Values given are overall capacities unless otherwise noted.
-
406UB (5275) 533UB (5275) 610UB (5275)
Sheet I I
I I I
CHECK
Nos
Yapacity
I Load I I
capacity Applied Capacity
Load I 1 Applied
Load
4 CHECK 1
- Recommended detailing practice
4 CHECK 2 (Capacity
184 64.9 184 91 Not Applicable
Supported beam per bolt, kN)
- Bolt group shear capacity
5 to 7 CHECK 3 Shear (kN) 400 150 589 233

Supported beam - Connecting Bearing Not Applicable
92 32.5 92 45.5
elements (Strength of cleat) (Capacityper
bolt, kN)
8toll CHECK 4 Shear (kN) 458 300 708 4 65
Supported Beam 5lock shear) (block shear)
- Capacity at connection ihear & Bending
(notched beam) Interaction 89.7 30 N/A N/A Not Applicable
(kNm)
Bearing 87.4 64.9 92.9 91
(Capacity
per bolt, kN)
72 & CHECK 5 Bending

73 Supported beam capacity 89.1 36 164 55.8 Not Applicable
- Capacity at the notch (kNm)
14
CHECK 6
Supported beam
Notch length
mm
412.8 I 770 1 153.7 I 170 Not Applicable
- Local stablity of notched beam Notch length (c) < Specified limits
(Beam restrained)
14 CHECK 7
L TB of Supported beam Not Applicable Not Applicable
(Beam restrained)
75 CHECK 8 (Capacity of
Supporting beam bolt group, kN) 735 300 1103 465 Not Applicable
- Bolt group shear capacity
76 & CHECK 9 Shear (kN) 400 150 589 233
77 Supporting beam - Connecting Bearing Not Applicable
368 750 552 233
elements (Strength of cleat) (Capacity per
bolt line, kN)
CHECK 10 Shear (kN)
18 Supporting beam - Capacity Bearing Not Applicable
(Local capacity of beam web) (Capacity
- Der bolt, kN)
36
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 4 0 f 78
CHECK 7: Recommended detailins practice

Cleats: 1Omm thick
Length, I = 290mm (>0.6D for 406 Ut?)
= 430mm (>0.6D for 533 Ut?)
CHECK 2 :Supported beam - Bolt sroup

Basic requirement: F, I ZP,
For406x 1 7 8 x 7 4 UB
Resultant shear per bolt, F, = (('sv + Fsmv) + Fsmh

2 )1'2
300
Direct shear per bolt, FSV =
- FV - - - = 37.5kN
2n 8
Eccentric bending moment, M = Fv (a + x ) = 30OxO.075 = 22.5kNm
, x Second moment of area of bolt group
Ibg = c s2
= 4(252 + 1052) + 4 ( 2 9 + 352)
= 54000mm4
--j*+x)fookN
I
MX - 2 2 . 5 ~ 2 5103
~
FSmv = - - = 10.4kN
54000
Ibs Fastener
25 75
= ((37.5 + 1 0.4)2 + 43.82)'/2 = 64.9kN capacities
F,
yell0w pages
Double shear capacity of an M20 8.8 bolt, Table H.49
2P, = 184kN
F, = 64.9kN < 184kN .*. O.K.

For 533 x 210 x 92 IS
- 4 65
F,v = F, - - = 77.5kN
n 6
n(n+l)p - 6 (6 + 1)70
'bg = - = 490mm-
6 6
M = Fv a = 465~0.05 = 23.3kNn
M 23.3 1 O3
FSrn =
- -
x
= 47.6kN
490 Fastener
'b
capacities
F, = (F,: + Fsm2 )'I2= (77S2 + 47.62)1'2 = 97kN yellow pages
Table H.49
2PS = 184kN
F, = 91kN < 784kN .: O.K.
37
~
Tit'e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam
CHECK 3 :Supported Beam - Connectinq Elements

FV
(i) Basic requirement for shear: Applied Shear - < Pv.min
2
for 406 x 178 x 74 UB
Shear capacity of cleat leg, Pv,min is the smaller of Plain shear capacity P,
Plain shear P, = min (0.6 p, A, or 0.7 pv K, A
Shear area, A, = 0.9(2e, + (n - 1)p) tc

= 0.9(80+210) x 10
= 2610mm2
= A, - n D, tc
= 2610 - (4 x 2 2 x 1 0 ) = 1730mm2
0 . 6 ~ 2 7 5x2610
- = 431kN
103
275 x 1.2 x1730

0.7~
- = 400kN
103
.: P, = 400kN
Block shear P, = 0.6pyt,(L,+Ke(Lt-kDh))
LV
= el+(n-1)p = 40+210 = 250mm
Lt = e2+gb = 50+50 = 100mm
k = 2.5 (for double line of bolts)
'e = 1.2 (forS275)

- 0 . 6 x 2 7 5 x 10 (250+ 1.2(100-2.5~22))
.: P, -
103
= 502kN
Pv.min = min (P,, P,)
= 400kN
Fv/2 = lSOkN < 400kN .'.O.K.

NOTE:
Block shear checks have been shown here, but they are never critical for well proportioned cleats.
However, if the bolt spacing is concentrated at one part of a cleat then these checks may be critical.
38
Tit'e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 6 of 18
for 533 x 210 x 92 UB

Plain shear
AV = 0.9(80 + 350) 70 = 3870mm2
= 3870 - ( 6 x 2 2 x 10) = 2550mm2

2e7=40 Av.net
0.6 x 275 x 3870

(n - 1)P 0.6 py.Av -
- = 639kN
= 350 103
0 . 7 ~ 2 7 51 .~2 ~ 2 5 5 0
- = 589kN
103
.: Pv = 589kN
Block shear P, tc (Lv + Ke ( Lt - kDh 1)

LV e, + ( n - 1)p = 40+350 = 390mm
Lt e2 = 40mm
k 0.5 (for single line of bolts)
Ke 1.2 (for 5275)

0.6 275 10 (390 + 1.2(40 - 0.5 x 22))
.: P,
103
701kN
Pv. min min ( P v I P,)
589kN
f"/2 = 233kN < 589kN .*.O.K.
Block shear checks have been shown here, but they are never critical for well proportioned cleats.
39
Tit‘e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 7 of18
ks
(ii) Badc requirement for bearing: - ‘bs
2
Bearing capacity, Pbs tc pbs <

- 0.5 e tcPbs
For 406 x 778 x 7 4 UB
e lesser of e, or e2 (conservatively)
e =SO
2
4 k - 40mm
20x 10x460 --
‘c pbs 92kN
103
&A J
e,=40
tc Pbs
0.5~40
1 03
10x460
~
-- 92kN
Pbr fmm
BS 5950- 1
Table 32
Fs
-
2
‘bs 92kN
64.9
- - 32.5kN Sheet 4
2
32.5kN < 92kN ... O.K.
For533 x 270 x92 UB
Pb,
= 92kN asabove
e, = 40
c -
- -
91
2
45.5kN Sheet 4
= 45.SkN 92kN .*. O.K.
ez= 40
40
~~~~
Tit’e - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam

Example 7 1 8 of 18
CHECK 4: Supported Beam - Capacity a t the connection
(i) Basic requirement for shear: F, < P,,,”
where P,, is the smaller of the plain shear capacity, P, or the block shear capacity, P, of the supported beam
For 406 x 7 78 x 7 4 UB Grade 5275
Plain shear capacity

Bolt diameter,
I Shear area,
d = 20mm
n d e . = 4 0 A, = (e,+(n-l)p+e,)t,
!L
Hole diameter (for Single notched beam)
1
1’ =210 = (40+210+ 113)x9.5 = 3 4 4 9 m d
e = 1 13 Net shear area,

b
Dh=22mm Av.net = Dh tw
Shear plane
= 3449-(4 22 x 9.5) =2613mm2
t=, 9.5
0.6 x 275 x 3449
0 . 6 A,
~ ~= = 569kN
-tI 103
1
Block shear capacity
0.7py ‘8 ,.net
.:
B:lock Shear Failure

P,
P,
=
=
0.7 x 275 x 7.2 x 2613
569kN
103
0.6 p, t,(L,
= 604kN
+ Ke(Lt- kDh ))
Bolt diameter
et= 40
d = 20mm
(n- 1 ) P L, = et + (n -1) P
Hole diameter,
=210 - 40+210
Dh = 22mm
= 250mm
double line of bolts
t, = 9.5
--IP
II 0.6 x 275 x 9.5 (250 + 1.2( 90 - 55))
.: P, =
-R 103
= 458kN
Shear capacity of supported beam, Pv,min

Pv.min = min (P, , P,)
.: Pv,min = P, = 458kN
Applied shear, F, = 300kN < 458kN .’.
O.K.
47
Tit'e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 9 of 78
(ii) Shear and bending interaction at the second bolt line is required if c > e3 + gb
For 406 x 7 78 x 74UB Grade 5275

c = IlOmm > 90mm
.: interaction check required.
For low shear condition: F, I 0.75 Pv,mjn
t, + = 700
- - I - 9.5
ir
258
-
7 05
300kN
Section gross section
0.75 Pv,min = 0.75 x 458 = 344kN "v.min

from sheet 8
300kN < 344kN .: low shear condition applies
Basic requirement:
For gross tee section:

Taking moments of area about bottom flange:
(1 79.5 x 16 x 8 ) + (347 x 9.5 x (7 6 i347/2))

= ((179.5 16) + ( 3 4 7 x 9.5)) x 7
22,976 + 624,687 = 6,169 x 7
V = 1 O5mm
Second moment of area about neutral axis:
'xx = I
104
( 1 7 ; ; ~ 1 6 ~+ (179.5 x 16 x 972))
+ ( 3 4 7 ~9.5 x 84S2))
= 8370cm4
Moment capacity 275 x 324

MCC
-
- -- = 89.7kNm
p s 103
F, ( t l + e3 + gb ) = 30kNm < 89.lkNm .*. O.K.
42
Tit’e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 700f 18
For 533 x 21 0 x 92 UB Grade 5275
Plain shear capacity

P, = min (0.6 pYA,, 0.7 PyKe Av,neJ
Shear area, A , = (e, + (n - 1 ) p + eb) t,

Bolt diameter e, = 4 0
(for Single notched beam)
= (40x(6-1)70+93)xJ0.7
D, = 22mm
= 4878mm2
4
e b = 93
Netsheararea, = A, - n D, t,
t = 4878 - (6~22~70.1)
Shear plane
t w = 10.1 = 3545mm2
0.6 x 275 x 4878

0.6pyA, = = 805kN
i
J 03
0 . 7 ~ 2 7 51 ~
.2~
3545
0.7~yKeA,.net -
- = 819kN
J 03
.’. P, = 805kN
Block shear capacity
e = 40
t = e, + (n-7)p
LV
Bolt diameter -
- 40 + 350 = 390mm
d = 2Omm (n - J)P
= 350 single line of bolts
Hole diameter, k = 0.5 and
D, = 22mm
kD, = 0 . S x 22 = IJmm
Block Shear
Failure
L,= e 3 .*. P, = 0 . 6 ~ 2 7 5 ~ 7 0(390+
.1 7.2(40-11))
= 40 J 03
= 708kN
Shear capacity of supported beam, Pv,min
Pvmin: = min (P, I P,)
.: Pv,min = P, = 708kN
Appliedshear, F, = 465kN < 708kN .* O.K.
43
~
I
~
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 7 7 of 78
(iii) Bearing
Basic requirement: F, I 'bs
For 406 x 778 x 7 4 UB Grade 5275

'bs = twPbs 0.5 e3 tw Pbs
20 x 9.5 x 460
twPbs = = 87.4kN
103
Pbs from
BS 5950-1
0.5 x 40 x 9.5 x 460
= 87.4kN Table 32
103
87.4kN
64.9kN Sheet 4
87.4kN .*. O.K.
87.4 x 300
Note, the connection capacity is thus: = 404kN
64.9
Pbs from
BS 5950-1
For 533 x 2 7 0 x 92 UB Grade 5275 Table 32
'bs =
20x 10.1 x460

= 92.9kN
103
0.5 x 40 x 7 0.1 x 460

0.5 e3 tw pbs = = 92.9kN
103
92.9kN
97kN Sheet 4
92.9kN .* O.K.
92.9 x 465
Note, the connection capacity is thus. 475kN
91
Double Angle Web Cleats - Worked €xample 7
Tit'e Example 1 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 120f 18
CHECK 5: Supported Beam - Capacity a t a notch

Shear and Bending Interaction a t the notch
c = 110
for 406 x 7 78 x 7 4 UB Grade 5275
M L,=lo
Double bolt line. Find whether:
XN < 2d or xN 2 2d
2d = 2 x 20 = 40mm
xN = 20mm
=2 since xN < 2d, requirement (b) applies
I McN = MCC = 89.1kNm from Check 4

F, = 300kN
(sheet 9)
300 x(lO+llO)
FJt,+c) = = 36.OkNm
103
300 x(10+40+50)
Fv(t,+e3+gd = = 30.OkNm
103
Eccentric moment Fv ( t , + c ) = 36kNm < 89.lkNm .*. O.K.
for 533 x 21 0 x 9 2 Grade 5275

Single bolt line
(a) Basic requirement: F, ( t , +c ) l M,,
For low shear condition:
FV
I 0.75 P,
a c = 710
'VN =
=
0.6pYA,
(e, + (n - 7)
4878mm2
0.6 p, AVN
p + eb)tw
[ram
=
sheet 10
50 'VN
0.6 x 275 x 4878

-
-
103
483 = 805kN
0.75 P, = 0 . 7 5 ~805 = 604kN
F,, = 465kN I 604kN
.'.
f,=
465kN t low shear criteria for bending applies
.'. Mc, = Py z,
45
Tit'e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 Sheet
13 of 78
~~
Taking moments of area about bottom flange:

(209.3 x 75.6 x 7.8) + (467.4 x 10.1 x 249.3) = ((209.3 x 75.6) + (467.4 x 10.7)) x
= 151mm
Second moment of area about neutral axis:
-1 (20p;'x 75.63
t , = 10.1
1 04
+ (209.3 x 7 5 . 6 ~143.2')
1
ir + (467.4 x 10.7 98.3'))
7 9858cm4
I xx
-
ZN
Ymox
7 9858
- 598cm3
151 33.2
gross section
275 x 598
Momentcapacity, M,N = p,ZN = = 164kNm
7 O3
465x( 1 0 + 710)
Eccentric moment,F, (t, +c) -
103
- 55.8kNm < 764kNm .* O.K.
46
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 14 of 18
CUE CK 6: Supported Beam - local Stablitv of notched beam

When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling no account
need be taken of notch stability provided the following conditions are met:
For one flange notched beam in 5275 steel
Basic requirements:
D
Notchdepth dcl -
2
D
and c -
c D for - I 54.3
W
t
760000D D
c -c for - > 54.3
( DhWl3 t W c from
Sheet 12
For 406 x 7 78 x 74 UB Grade 5275 (c = 1 1Omm)
Notchdepth dcl = 5Omm <

472.8
-
2
= 206.4mm .'. O.K.
C -
- 7 1 Omm < 412.8mm .*. O.K.
c from
Sheet 12
For533 x 210 x 92 UB(c = I 10 mm)
Notchdepth dcl = 50mm

533.7
2
= 266.6mm .*. O.K..
C - 7 7Omm < 533.1mm .*. O.K.
CUE CK 7: Not applicable

(because the supported beam is being considered as restrained against lateral torsional buckling;
47
Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 Sheet

75 of 78
CHECK 8: Supportins Beam - Bolt Group

Basic requirement: F" I ZP,
For406 x 178 x 7 4 UB
406 x 178 x 74 UB
\ \
6 1 0 x 229 x 740 UB
300kN
t Grade 52 75
I
p, from
Shear capacity of single bolt, P, = p, A, BS 5950- 7
Table 30.
375 x 245 See

for M20 grade 8.8 bolts, P, =
103 Bolt capacitie:
yellow pages
= 97.9kN Table H.49
But for top pair of bolts P, is the lesser of ps A, or 0.5 kb, e, tc pbs
1 . 0 ~ 4 10x460
0~ Pbs from
0.5 kb, el tc pbs = 0.5X BS 5950- 1
103 Table 32.
= 92kN .: use 91.9kN
'z p, = 8 x97.9 = 735kN
FV = 300kN < 735kN .*. O.K.
For533 x 210 x 92 UB s 3 3 x 2 1 0 x 92
Y
e,= 40
6 1 0 Grade
x 229
6 1 0 x 229 x 140 UB
5275
I I
I I I
465kN
0.5 kbnej tcPbs = 92kN .: use 91.9kN
PS
= 72~91.9 = 7103kN
F, = 465kN < 1 103kN .*. O.K.
48
I Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam I 160f 18
CHECK 9: Supportinq Beam - Connectinq elements

Shear and bearing of cleats connected to supporting beam
(i) Basic requiremenf for shear: -
FV I Pv.min
2
For406x 1 7 8 x 7 4 UB
Shear capacity of one angle cleat, Pv,min is the smaller of plain shear capacity P, and block shear capacity P,
Plain shear P, = min ( 0. 6 p, A ,, 0.7 p, K, A )
Shear area, A, = 0.9 (2el + (n - 1) p ) t,
- 0.9(80+210)xlO = 26 7 Omm2
Net area, A,,,, = A,-nDht,
- 261 0 - (4 x22 xI0) = 7 730mm2
f 0 . 6 A,
~ ~ =
0.6 x 275 x 2610
- 43 1 kN
5 II 5 7 e7 = 4 0
103
0 . 7 275x
~ 1.2~1730
0.7 py ' e A ,.net
- = 400kN
1 03
.'. Pv = 400kN
I
Block shear P, = 0 . 6 t,~ (~I , + K, ( L, - kDh ))
LV = e7 + ( n - 7)p = 40 + 210 = 250mm
-
4 - e2 = 40mm
k = 0.5 (for single line of bolts)
K, = 1.2 (forS275)
+ 1.2(40 - 0.5
.: P, =
0.6 275 7 0 (250
103
22))
= 470kN
.*.Pv,min = min (P,, P,)
= 400kN I
Fv/2 = l5OkN < 400kN .,. O.K.
For533 x 210 x 92 UB
Plain shear P,
A, = 0.9(80 + 350)x 10 = 3870mm2
1 Av.net = 3870 - (6 ~ 2 210) = 2550mm'

l e 7 =40
0.6 x 275 x 3870
0 . 6 A,
~ ~ = = 639kN
103
0.7 x 275 x 7.2 x 2550

= 589kN
103
2 Jl; -fe7 =40

Block shear P-r
P, = 589kN
Fv = 465kN 275 x 10 ( 3 9 0
0.6~ + 1.2( 40 - 0.5 x 2 2 ) )
P, =
103
= 701kN
. =
Pv.mm min(P,, P, )
= 589kN
'v/2 = 233kN< 589kN .*. O.K.
NOTE: Block shear checks have been shown here, but they are never critical for well proportioned cleats.
~
Tit'e
Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 17of 18
(ii) Basic requirement for bearing: -

FV I ZPbs
2
For406x 7 7 8 ~
7 4 UB
Bearing capacity, Pbs = kbsd tc pbs

but for top bolt PbS = min ( kbsd tc Pbs I 0.5kbs tc Pbs Pbs from
BS 5950-1
1.0x20x 1 0 x 4 6 0 Table 32
- = 92kN
kbsd tc pbs 103
1 . 0 ~ 2 01 ~
0x460
0.Skb5e7 tcPbs = = 92kN
103
' 'bs = 3x92+92 = 368kN
= 750kN < 368kN .* O.K.
For533 x270 x 92 UB
'
Bearing capacity as above-
'bs = 5 x92+92 = 552kN
= 233kN < 552kN .,. O.K.

~
~ Tit'e Example 7 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to Beam 1 780f 18
CHECK 7 0 :Supportinq Beam - Local Capacity

Local Shear & Bearing Capacity of beam web supporting two beams
FvlA
(i) Basic requirement for shear: - + -Fv2 < - pv
2 2
e, = 90
p = 70
nq ll == 6
P
P
P
+T
eb2 = 3 17.2 P
g = 110
465kN
For double sided portion, -' v l A + -FV2 < - pv

2 2
4
FvlA = Fvl 7
n2 = 465 X-
6
= 310kN
Shear capacity, P, = min ( 0.6 p, A, , 0.7 p Y K e

Cross shear area, A, = (et + (n2 - 1 ) p + eb 1 tw
et = min ( etl , 5d) = 90mm
eb = min ( e, , g/2 , 5 d ) = 55mm
AV = (90 + (4 - 1) 70 + 5 5 ) x 13.1 = 4651mm2
0.6 x 265 x 4651 p, from

... 0.6 p, A, =
103
= 740kN
BS 5950-1
Net shear area, = A, - n2 D, tw Table 9
= 4651 - ( 4 x 2 2 ~13.1) = 3498mm2
0. 7 265x 1 . 2 ~ 3 4 9 8
.'. 0 . 7 K,
~~ =
x
1 03
= 779kN
.'. P, = 740kN
I
310 300
L A + & = -+ - = 305kN
2 2 2 2
305kN < 740kN
Note: The above check is for 1- shear only; the effects of any global shear forces must also be considered.
(ii) Basic requirement for bearing: 3 2 + 9I Phc
.: 0.K
57
CALCULATION Client
SHEET SCl/BCSA Connections Group
Calcs by Checked by Date
RS AM May 2002
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2
Check the following beam to column connections for the tie force shown.
50
-It-
-
370kN
Tie force
406x 178x74 U S
Crude 5275
533 x 21 0 x 92 UB
305 x 305 x 137 UC
Grade 5275
Crude 5275
2 - 1 5 0 ~ 9 700 ~
angle cleats (Type CB4)
Grade 5275
55
55 For cleat details
see Figure 4.4
2-90~90~10 nd yellow page:
angle cleats (Type CA6) Table H.2
Grade 5275
55 55
De5.,ln Information:
Bolts: M20 8.8
Material: All 5275 steel
52
Tit'e Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity 2of 8
-240kN
Tie force
-
370kN
Tie force
I Sx 1 7 8 x 7 4 UB
Grade 5275
5 3 3 x 2 1 0 ~ 9 2UB
Grade S275
305 x 305 x 7 37 UC
Grade 5275
406 x 178 x 7 4 UB Grade 5275 533 x 2 10 x 92 UB Grade 5275
Cleat type CB4 Grade 5275 Cleat type CA6 Grade 5275
Bolts MZO 8.8 Bolts M 2 0 8.8 Yellow pages

Tables
From capacity table H. 10 in yellow pages From capacity table H. 9 in yellow pages H.10 & H.9
Connection tying capacity Connection tying capacity
= 448kN > 240kN = 558kN > 370kN .'. O.K.
The beam side of the connection The beam side of the connection
is adequate is adequate
Note:
(I) The tying capacity of the connectiongiven in the tables in the yellow pages is the least value
obtained from CHECKS 7 I , 12 and 13. The values for CHECK 1 1 are based upon the large
displacement analysis given in Appendix B.
(2) Beams connecting into a column web must also be checked for web bending as shown in
CHECK 14 on sheet 7.
In the case of the 406UB illustrated, CHECK 14 gives the critical tie capacity unless the web
is stiffened.
53
Tit'e Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beum to UC Column - Structural lntegrity 3 of 8
406UB (5275) 533UB (5275) 305UC (5275)

CHECK
Capacity
1 1 1
I
Applied
Load
Capacity
I
Applied
Load
Capacity
1 Applied
Load
I
CHECK 7 7 492 370
Structural lntegrity (448)* (662)*
- Connecting Elements - Tension capacity of 333 240
double angle cleats (kN) CRITICAL CHECK
BEAM SIDE
CHECK 12 Tension (kN) 674 24 0 828 3 70

Structural integrity Bearing (kN) 8 74 240 558 3 70 Not Applicable
- Supported Beam - Tension and
bearing capacity of beam web
CHECK 13
Structural integrity 588 I 240 882 3 70
- Tension capacity of bolts (kN)
CHECK 14
Structural integrity Not Applicable 392 1 240
- Tying capacity of supporting column web (kN) CRITICAL CHECK
COLUMN SIDE
54
Tit'e Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats- Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity 1 4of 8
CHECK 7 7 Structural lnteqrity - Connectinq Elements

Tension capacity of pair of web angle cleats
Basic requirement: Tie force I Tying capacity of double angle web cleats
For406x 778x 74 U6
ez = 40
= 0.6 Le t, p, (For 5275 steel)
e ! = 40 Effective net length of cleats is Le
i
p = 70
Le
= 2 ee + (n - I ) pe - n D,
70
- e ] but I e2 -- 40mm
70
pe = p but I 2e2 -- 70mm
e,= 40
T w
Critical sections
Le
Tying capacity
=
=
(2 x 40) + (3 x 70) - (4 x 22) =
0 . 6 ~ 2 0 210x275
103
~
-
202mm
333kN
Tie Force = 240kN < 333kN .'. O.K.
For533x270x92UB
e2 = 40
e, = 40
U= 70
Tying capacity of double angle we6 cleats
70
= 0.6 Le tc pv (For S275Steel)
70
Le = 2 e, + (n - 1 ) pe - n D,
70
ee -
- el but I ez -
- 40mm
70
pe = p but I 2e2 - 70mm
= 40
(2 x 40) + (5 x 70) - (6 x 22) = 298mm
!1/'
Critical sections
Le
Tying capacity
=
=
0 . 6 ~ 2 9 870x275
103
~
- 492kN
55
Ti t'e Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity I 5of 8
CHECK 72: Structural lnteqrity - Supported Beam

Tension & Bearing Capacity of Beam Web
(i) For Tension:

Basic requirement: Tie force I Net tension capacity of beam web
For 406 x 178 x 7 4 U6 5275 (double line of bolts)
Net tension capacity of beam web = Le tw py
e,+ gb= 90
Effective net length, Le - 2 e, + (n - I ) pe - n Dh
-U-- ee
-
- (e3 + g b - D h ) but e,
e, = 90 68mm I 90
70 ++ nrows
of bolts Pe p but I 2(e3+gb-Dh)
70 ++
70mm I2(90-22)
70
Le (2 x 68) + (3 x70) - (4 x 22)
I : \ - 258mm
2 5 8 ~ 9 . 5 ~ 2 7 5= 674kN See note
Net tension capacity =
below
103
Tie Force - 240kN < 674kN .'. O.K.
For 533 x 2 7 0 x 92 UB Grade 5275 (single line of bolts)
Net tension capacity of beam web Le tw P y

e, = 4 0
Effective net length, Le 2 e, + (n - I) pe - n Dh
e, but I e,
-
e, =
i
n rows
of bolts 40mm I 90
p but I 2e
70 Tie force 70mm I 2 x 4 0

370kN
70
(2 x 40) + (5 x 7 0 ) -(6x22)
L
298mm
See note
298 x 10.7 x 275 below
Net tension capacity = 828kN
103
Tie Force 370kN < 828kN .'. O.K.

Note: This value may not be the same as that given in capacity tables, where a double notched beam
is assumed (i.e. e, = 40mm).
56
Tit'e ,%ample 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity I 6of 8
(ii) For bearing: I

Basic requirement: Tie force I Bearing capacity of beam web
For 406 x 178 x 74 UB Grade 5275 (double line of bolts)
Bearing capacity of beam web = 3 n d t,Pbs
but I n(1.5d t, pbs + 0.5 e3 t, pb3

I Pbs from
BS 5 950- 7
3 x 4 x20 x 9.5 x 460
- = 1049kN Table 32
1 03
4(1.5 x 20 x 9.5 x 460 + 0.5 x 40 x 9.5 x 460)

n(7.5d t, pbs + 0.5 e3 tw PbJ =
1 03
= 874kN
.: Bearing capacity of beam web = 874kN
Tie Force = 240kN < 874kN I .: O.K.
For 533 x 2 1 0 x 92 UB Grade 5275 (single line of bolts)

Bearing capacity of beam web = 1.5 n d t,Pbs but I O.Sn e3 twPb3
Pbs from
- 1 . 5 ~ 6 ~ 10.1
2 0 x460
~ BS 5 950- 7
1.5 n d t,Pbs - = 836kN
103 Table 32
0 . 5 ~ 6 ~ 10.1
4 0 ~x460
0.51 e3 t, pbs = = 558kN
103
.: Bearing capacity of beam web = 558kN
Tie Force = 370kN < 558kN ... O.K.
CHECK 13 :Structural Inteurity - Tension Capacity of Bolts
Basic requirement : Tie Force I Tension capacity of
I
tension bolt group
Tension capacity = 2 n A, ptr
I
Ptr - reduced tension strength of bolt in
Tie Force presence of extreme prying force
Tension
bolt group
L = 300N/mm2 forgrade 8.8 bolts Appendix D
A, = tensile stress area of bolt Bolt capacity

= 245mm2 tables
Yellow pages
Table H.49
For406x 178x74 UB
2 x 4 x245 x 300
Tension capacity = = 588kN
103
For533x210x92UB
2X6X245X300
Tension capacity = = 882kN
103
57
Tit’e
Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity I 7of 8
CHECK 14: Structural lnteqritv - Capacity of Supportinq Column Web
Basic requirement: Tie force I Tying capacity of column web
a
d,= 246.7
Grade 5275
I 1 t = 13.8
W
4
Tie Force
Tying capacity
of column web
MU moment capacity of column web per unit length

Pu t’,
4
328x 73.g2
= 15.6kNm/mm
4 x 103
dC
4
(4 -1) 70 -i 22
0.673
246.7
9
-
Pl
dC
110
- = 0.446
246.7
Dh
Yl
a;-
22
0.089
246.7
Tying capacity 8x 15.6

[ 0.673 + 1.5(1 - 0.446)O.’ x (1 - 0.089)0.5]
of column web 1 - 0.446
225.3 [ 0.673 + (1.1 16 x 0.954) ] = 392kN
Tie force 240kN < 392kN ... O.K.
58
Tit'e
Example 2 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to UC Column - Structural Integrity I 8of 8
If column web fails to satisfy the criteria shown on sheet 7 then sfiffeners fillet welded on one
side to the web and flanges would be required thus:
59
1 Sheet
joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections 7 of 9
CALCULATION Client
RS ASM May 2002
I I I
DESIGN EXAMPLE 3 REF.

Check the following beam to RHS column connection for the design forces shown using 8.8 bolts
in Flowdrill threaded holes in the column.
In this example it is assumed that the tying force is equal to the end reaction. However, depending
on how the floor beams are arranged, the tying force given by the formula in BS 5950- 1 clause
2.4.5.3 can sometimes be less.
Note: The connections should be checked independently for ( i ) shear forces and (ii) Tie forces
and NOT for both the forces acting at the same time.
The yellow pages should be used for initial selection of angle cleats.
250 x 250 x 12.5 RHS Grade 5355
300kN
tie 1 4 O I
force
+
406 x 178 x 74 U S 40
Grade 5275
I
I 533 x 210 x 92 UB
! Grade5275
70
I
300kN 1 1 465kN
50
For cleat detail!
see Figure 4.4
2 - 1 5 0 x 9 0 10
~ 2 - 90 x 90 x 70
& Yellowpage!
angle cleats (Type CB4) angle cleats (Type CA6)
Grade 5275 Grade 5275 Table H.2
Design Information:
Flowdrill: M20 8.8
Ordinary bolts: M20 8.8
Column: 5355
Beams: 5275
Angle cleats: 5275
60
Tit'e
Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill I Sheet 2 o f 9
CONNECTlON DESIGN USlNC CAPACITY TABLES FROM THE YELLOW PACES
250 x 250 x 7 2.5 RHS Grade 5355
300kN I --
-PI+
\
force 465kN
-cl--(+ tie
++ force
406 x 178 x 74 Ut? A)- +
Grade S275 l- 533 x 2 1 0 x 92 UB
I
Grade 5275
I ,- I
300kN 1 t 465kN
406 x 178 x 74 UB Grade 5275 533 x 2 10 x 9 2 UB Grade 5275
Cleat type CBD Grade 5275 Cleat type CAS Grade 5275
Column Bolts Flowdrill M 2 0 8.8 Column Bolts Flowdrill MZO 8.8

Yellow pages
Beam Bolts M 2 0 8.8 Beam Bolts M 2 0 8.8
Tables
From capacity table H. 10 in yellow pages From capacity table H. 9 in yellow pages H.10 & H.9
Connection vertical shear capacity Connection vertical shear capacity

= 404kN > 300kN = 475kN > 465kN .'. 0 . K
Minimum support thickness Minimum support thickness
= 4.6mm < 72.5mm = 3.6mm < 12.5mm .'. O.K.

= 448kN > 300kN = 558kN > 465kN .*. O.K.
Note:
(I) The tying capacity of the connectiongiven in the tables in the yellow pages is the least value
obtained from CHECKS 11, 12 and 13. The values for CHECK 1 1 are based upon the large
(2) Beams connecting into a column web or RHS wall must also be checked for web bending as
shown in CHECK 15 on sheets 8 and 9.
67
Tit‘e Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill
Sheet
3of 9
406UB 533UB RHS Column (5355)
Sheet (5275) (5275) 406UB Side 533UB Side
capacivl I I
CHECK
Nos Applied Appb
Load Capacity Load
tI CHECK 1
- Recommended detailinq practice All recommendations adopted
CHECK 2 Supported Beam

- Bolt Croup Shear Capacity
Shear
(per bolt, kN)
1
184 64.9 Not Applicable
CHECK 3 Supported Beam Shear (kN) 400 150

- Connecting Elements Bearing
I
92 32.5 Not Applicable
(Strength of cleat) (per bolt, kN)
92 45.5
CHECK 4 Supported Beam Shear (kN) 647 300 888 465
- Capacity at connection (plain (plain
See (ii) above shear) shear)
Not Applicable
Bearing 87.4 64.9 92.9 97
(per bolt,kN) CI TICAL C
FOf IERTlCA,
1 CHECKS 5 , 6 & 7 I Not Applicable Not Applicable
CHECK 8 Supporting Column Shear (bolt
735 300 1103 465 Not Applicable
- Bolt Croup shear capacity
P U P , kN)
CHECK 9 Supporting Column Shear(kN) 400 150 589 233

Bearing 368 150 552 233 Not Applicable
- Ccnnecting Element (Capacity
(Strength of cleat) oer bolt
~
he, kN)
~~ ~
, I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
J
CHECK 10 Supporting Column Shear (kN)
4 & 5 - Capacity Bearing (per Not Applicable 37.5 38.8
Local capacity of column web bolt, kN)
6
CHECK 1 7 Structural Integrity
-Connecting Elements
Tension capacity of of double
Tension
(kN)
333 I 1 1
300 492
CRITICAL CHECK FOR TIE FORCl

465 Not Applicable
anale cleats
CHECK 12 Structural integritp Tension(kN)
674 300 828 465
6 - Supported Beam
Not Applicable
Tension and bearing capacit] Bearing(kN) 874 300 558 465
of beam web
- Tension bolt group Tension (kN) Not Applicable
Not Applicable Not Applicable
I 1 1
~~
CHECK 15 Structural Integrity

Tension (kN)/ Not Applicable 455 300 597 465
8 & 9 - Supporting column wall
62
rit'e Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill I Sheet 4 o f 9
CHECK 70 : Supportinq Column - Local Capacity

Shear & Bearing Capacity of column wall
(i) Basic requirement for shear: -F" <- pv

2
For 406 x 7 78 x 7 4 UB side RHS Column Grade 5355
Critical sections __
Shear capacity, P, = m i n ( 0 . 6 ~A,,~ 0.7PyKeAv,net)
Cross shear area, A, = (et + (n - 7) p + eb) t ,
eb = smallerof g/2 and 5 d = 55mm
et = smaller of et7 and 5 d

since the connection is not near the top of column et7 is not applicable
et = 5d = 5x20 = 700mm
AV
= (7 00 + (4 - 1 ) 70 + 55) 12.5 = 4563mm2
0.6 x 355 x 4563

- = 972kN
0.6 P y A, 103
Net shear area, = A, - n D h t ,

for FLOWDRILL connections Dh = bolt diameter = 20mm
%.net = 4563 - (4 x 20 x 12.5) = 3563mm2

0. 7 x 355 x 1.1 x 3563
0.7 ~y Ke Av.net = = 974kN
103
.: P, = 972kN
- = 750kN < 972kN ... O.K.

2
63
Me Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill I Sheet 5 o f 9
For 5 3 3 ~ 2 1 0 ~ 9 2 U B s i d e
RHS Column Grade 5355
Critical sections -
wall thickness t, = 12.5mm q -

Fv
2
-
Fv =233kN
2
eb = smallerof g/2 and 5d = S5mm

et = 5d = 5x20 = 700mm
AV
= (700 + (6 - I ) 70 + 55)x 72.5 = 6313mm2
- 0 . 6 355
~ x 6313
0.6 Py AV - = 7345kN
103
%.net = 6313 - ( 6 x 2 0 ~12.5) = 4813mm2
0. 7 x 355 x 1.2 x 481 3
0.7 P y Ke *v.net = = 1316kN
103
.: Pv = 1316kN
FV
- = 233kN c 1376kN .*. O.K.
Note: The above check is for&/ shear only; the effects of any global shear forces must also be considered.

FV I Pbs
2n
Bearing capacity of column wall per bolt Pb,' k,, d tw pb,
Pbs from
7.0 x20 x 12.5 x 550 BS 5950-7
-
- -
- 7 38kN Table 32
7 O3
For 406 x 178 x 74 UB side
F"
- - - 300 -
- 37.5kN c 138kN .*.O.K.
2n 2 x 4
For 5 3 3 ~ 2 7 0 ~ 9 2 U B s i d e
465
-
- -
2x 6
-
- 38.8kN c 138kN .'. O.K.
64
Tit'e
Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Nowdrill I 6 of 9
CHECK 7 7 Structural lnteqritv - Connectinq Elements

This check is identical to CHECK 7 1 in Example 2
Basic requirement: Tie force I tying capacity of double angle web cleats
For 406 x 178 x 74UB Side
:xample 2 DA(
Tying capacity of double angle cleats = 333kN
sheet 4 of 8
Tie Force = 300kN < 333kN .*.O.K.
For 533 x 2 10 x 92UB Side
!xample 2 DAC
Tying capacity of double angle cleats = 492kN sheet 4 of 8
Tie Force = 465kN < 492kN .: O.K.

CHECK 12 Structural lnteqritv - Supported Beam
Tension and Bearing Capacity of the Beam Web
This check is identical to CHECK 12 in Example 2
(i) For Tension.

Basic requirement: Tie force I net tension capacity of beam webs
xample 2 DAC
For406x 178x74UB sheet 5 of 8
Net tension capacity of beam web = 674kN
TieForce = 300kN < 674kN .*. O.K.
:xample 2 DAC
For 533 x 210 x 92UB sheet 5 of 8
Net tension capacity of beam web = 828kN
Tie Force = 465kN < 828kN .*.O.K.
(ii) For Bearing.
Basic requirement: Tie force I bearing capacity of beam webs

Fxample 2 DA(
For 406 x 178 x 74UB sheet 6 of 8
Bearing capacity of beam web = 874kN
Tie Force = 30L.N < 874kN .*.O.K.
Fxample 2 DA(
F o r 5 3 3 x Z l O x 92UB sheet 6 of 8
Bearing capacity of beam web = 558kN
Tie Force = 465kN < 558kN .: O.K.
65
rit'e Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill I Sheet 7of 9
CHECK 7 3 Structural lnteqrity - Tension Capacity of Bolts

Basic requirement: Tie Force I Tension capacity of
bolt group
Tension capacity = 2 n Psi
Flowdrill
Psi = Flowdrill Structural integrity
Pull-out
Tensile Capacity Capacity
Tie Force
Tension
bolt group 4
-
- 73kN for a grade 8.8 bolt in a yellow pages
72.5mm RHS column wall Table H.55b
For 406 x 7 78 x 7 4 UB Side
Tension capacity 2~4x73 584kN
Tieforce = 300kN 584kN .*. O.K.
For 533 x 210 x 92 UB Side
Tension capacity 2 x 6 1 73 876kN
Tie Force = 465kN 876kN .*. O.K.
CHECK 74: not applicable
56
Tit'e Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill
I 8of9
CHECK 75: Structural InteGrity - Capacity of Supportinq Column Wall (RHS!
Basic requirement: Tie Force I Tying capacity of RHS column wall
250 x 250 x 12.5 RHS

/'- Grade5355
b
L
@
t w = 12.5
c
P g = 110
t
J
Tie Force
For 406 x 7 78 x 74 UB Side

Tying capacity
of column wall
moment capacity of RHS column wall per unit length
P" t',
4
392x 12.52
= 75.3kNm/mm
4 x 103
2Omm (Bolt diameter for Flowdrill)
n
(n - I ) P -F Dh
B - 3t,
(4 - 1 ) 70 - 74 20
= 0.80
250 - 3 x 12.5
9
PI
B - 3tw
110
= 0.518
212.5
Dh
B - 3tw
20
= 0.094
212.5
Tying capacity 8 1 15.3

[ 0.8 + 1.5(1 - 0.518)0~5x (7 - 0.094)0.5 ]
of column wall 1 - 0.518
253.9 [ 0.8 + 1.041 0.952 ] = 455kN
Tie Force 300kN < 455kN .*. O.K.
67
rit'e
Example 3 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Flowdrill
B - 3t,
6
(6-1) 7 0 - p 2 0
= 1.36
250 - 3 x 12.5
Tying capacity
of column wall
8 x 15.3
1 - 0.518
[ 7.36+ 7.5(7 - 0 . 5 1 8 ) o . 5 ~( I -0.094)o,5]
253.9[ 1.36+ 1.041 x 0.9521 = 597kN
Tie Force 465kN < 597kN .* O.K.
68
Job Sheet
Joints in Steel Construction - Simple Connections 7 of77
Title
Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt
CALCULATION
SHEET
~ B C S A ~Calcs by RS Checked by
ASM
Date
May 2002
REF.
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4
Check the following beam to RHS column connection for the design forces shown using Hollo-Bolt
connectors to the column.
In this example it is assumed that the tying force is equal to the end reaction. However, depending
on how the floor beams are arranged, the tying force given by the formula in BS 5950- 1 clause
2.4.5.3 can sometimes be less.
The yellow pages should be used for initial selection of angle cleats.
250 x 250 x 12.5 RHS Grade 5355
I + I
t I II I i
300kN
_I
40 ''
tie
force 70
+ 70
406x 178x74
Grade 5275
ut?
I
70
40
EBij
I I
I
I
I I! AI
/-
533 x 21 0 x 92 Ut?
Grade 5275
\
300kN 1 t
465kN
Hollo-Bolts x br cleat details

see Figure 4.4
iYellow pages
Table H.2
2 - 1 5 0 ~ 9 10
0 ~ 2 - 9 0 ~ 9 0 ~ 1 0
angle cleats (Type CD4) angle cleats (Type CC6)
grade 5275 . grade 5275
Design Information:
Hollo-bolts: M20
Ordinary bolts: M20 8.8
Column: 5355
Beams: 5275
Angle cleats: 5275
69
Tit'e Sheet
Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt 2of77
CONNECTlON DESIGN USING CAPAClTY TABLES FROM THE YELLOW PAGES
250 x 250 x 12.5 RHS Grade S3S5
300kN 1 46SkN
406 x 178 x 74 UB 533 x 21 0 x 92 UB

Cleat type CD4 Grade 5275 Cleat type CC6 Grade 5275
Column bolts Hollo-bolts M20 Column bolts Hollo-bolts M20 Yellow pages
Tables
Beam bolts M20 8.8 Beam bolts M20 8.8 H.14 & H.13
From capacity table H. 7 4 in yellow pages From capacity table H. 13 in yellow pages
Connection vertical shear capacity Connection vertical shear capacity

= 404kN > 300kN = 475kN > 46SkN .'. O.K.
Minimum support thickness Minimum support thickness
= 4.6mm < 12.5mm = 3.6mm < 12.5mm .'. O.K.

= 393kN > 300kN = 558kN > 465kN .'. O.K.
Note:
(I) The tying capacity of the connection given in the tables in the yellow pages is the least value
obtained from CHECKS 7 I , 7 2 and 13. The values for CHECK 7 7 are based upon the large
(2) Beams connecting into a column web or RHS wall must also be checked for web bending as
shown in CHECK 15 on sheets 10 and 1 7 .
70
Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt Isheet 30f1J
SUMMARY OF FULL DESIGN CHECKS FOR EXAMPLE 4

Notes (i) CHECKS J to 7, where applicable, are all as shown in Example J and are not repeated in this example but
the calculated capacities are summarised below.
(ii) CHECK 4 shear capacities are higher than those for exampleJ because there are no notched beams in Example 4.
(iii) CHECK 12 is as shown in Example 2 and is not repeated in this example.
(iv) In accordance with BS 5950- I; tie forces are ignored when checking the capacity to resist vertical reactions
and vertical reactions are ignored when calculating the capacity to resist tie forces.
(v) ( ) * Values from Yellow pages, Table H. J 4 , using rigorous approach of Appendix B
I 406UB 1 533UB RHS Column (5355)

I
Sheet (5275) (S275) 406UB Side 533UB Side

CHECK
Nos Applied Applied Appliec
capacity Capacity capacity capacity
Load Load Load Load
CHECK 7
All recommendations adopted
- Recommended detailing practice
CHECK 2 Supported Beam shear 184 64.9 184 91 Not Applicable
- Bolt Croup Shear Capacity (Per kN)
- Connecting Elements Bearing
Not Applicable
(Strength of cleat) (per bolt kN) 92 32.5 92 45.5

- Capacity at connection (plain (plain
See note (ii) above shear) shear)
Not Applicable
Bearing 87.4 64.9 92.9 97
(per bolt, kN;
CHECKS 5 , 6 & 7 Not Applicable Not Applicable

4 CHECK 8 Supporting Column Shear (bolt
Not Applicable
- Bolt Croup shear capacity
group, kN) 784 300 465
5 CHECK 9 supporting Column Shear (kN) 280 150 409 233

Bearing 368 I50 552 233 Not Applicable
- Connecting Element (Capacity
(Strength of cleat) per bolt
line, kN)
I I I
CHECK 70 Supporting Column Shear (kN) 769 150 1008 233
7 & 8 - Capacity Bearing (per Not Applicable 138 37.5 138 38.8
(Local capacity of column web) bolt, kN)
CHECK 17structUrallntegrity
-Connecting Elements
Tension
W )
248
(393)*
1 1 1
300 363
(580)*
465
Not Applicable
Tension capacity of of double
CRITICAL CHECK FOR TIE FORCE
anale cleats
I I I
CHECK 72 Structural integrity ~~~~i~~(kN) 674
300 828 465
- Supported Beam
(kN) 874 300 558 465 Not Applicable
Tension and bearing capacity
70
of beam web
- Tension bolt group Tension (kN) Not Applicable
1 I I I
584 300 876 465
10 CHECK 14 Not Applicable Not Applicable

J0
& 7J
CHECK 75 Structural Integrity
- Supportinq column wall
Tension (kN) Not Applicable 1 409 1 300 I 534 I 465
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt I Sheet 4 of 1 1
CHECK 8: Supporting Column - Bolt Group
406 x 178 x 74 UB
Basic requirement: FV I CP,
Shear capacity of single bolt, ps = PSAS
For M20 Hollo-bolts shear capacity Ps = 1 OOkN Yellowpages
Table H.56
But for top pair of bolts, ps = min (ps As O.5 kbs e1 tc pbs)
I
(where kb, = 1.0)
For 406 x 178 x 74 UB

0.5~
7 . 0 ~ 4 10x460
0~
0.5kbs t,Pbs = = 92kN
103
ps = 2x92+6~100 = 784kN
250 x 250 x 12.5 RHS
FV
= 300kN < 784kN .'. O.K.
300kN
533 x 2 7 0 x 92 UB
For533x270x92UB
A p, = 2 x 9 2 + 1 O x 100 = 1184kN
= 465kN < 1184kN .'. O.K.
f
el =40
FV
2 5 0 x 2 5 0 ~12. lHS
465kN
J
72
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt Sheet
5of 1 7
CHECK 9: Supportins Beam - Connectinq elements
Shear and bearing of cleats connected to supporting column
(i) Basic requiremenf for shear: -

FV
2 Pvmin
For406x 7 7 8 x 7 4 U B
Shear capacity of one angle cleat, Pv,min is the smaller of plain shear capacity P, and
block shear capacity P,
Plain shear, P, = min (0. 6 p, A , or 0.7 py Ke A )

Shear area, AV = 0.9 (2el + (n - 1) p ) t,
= 0 . 9 ( 8 0 + 2 7 0 ) ~10 = 2670mm2 J
Net area, = A, - n D, tc Dh from

Yellow pages
for Hollo-Bolt connections D, = 35mm Table H.2
Av.net = 2610-(4~35~10) = 7270mm2
0.6 x 275 x 2610
0.6 Py AV
- = 437kN
103
0.7 x 275 x 1.2 x 1210
0.7 py Ke A v.net = = 280kN
7 O3
.: P, = 280kN
Block shear, 0.6 p, tc (Lv + Ke (Lt - k D,,)

LV
(n- l ) p + e , = 210+40 = 250mm
Lt e2 = 40mm
'e 1.2 (for 8275)
K 0.5 (for single line of bolts)
Dh 35mm (hole diameter for Hollo-bolt)
0.6 275 x 10 (250 + 1.2(40 - 0.5 x 35))
.: P,
103
457kN
Pv.min min ( P , , P,) = 280kN
-
FV
2
= 150kN < 280kN .'. O.K.
For 533 x 210 x 92 U6
Plain shear,
AV = 0 . 9 ( 8 0 + 3 5 0 ) ~ 70 = 3870mm2
'".net = 3870 - ( 6 x 3 5 x10) = 7770mm2
Jel =40
0.6 x 275 x 3870
1
0.6 P y AV - = 639kN
(n- 7 ) P 7 O3
= 350 0.7~275
7 .~2 ~ 1 7 7 0
- = 409kN
0.7 py ' e A v.net - 7 O3
=40
.'.
7" P, = 409kN
0.6 275 70 (390 + 1.2(40 - 0.5 35))
Blockshear, P, =
FY = 465kN 7 O3
= 688kN
Pv.min = min ( P , , Pr) = 409kN
-
FV
2
= 233kN < 409kN .'. O.K.
73
~~~~
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt
I 6 of 7 7

f" I ZP,,
2
for 406 x 7 78 x 74 UB
Bearing capacity, fbs = kbs d tc pbs
but for top bolt, pbs = (kbs tc Pbs , 0.5kbs e1 tc Pbs)
for Hollo-Bolt connections d = "nominal" bolt diameter = 20mm Yellow pages

Table H. 6 7
1 . 0 ~ 2 070x460
~
-
- = 92kN
kbs tc pbs 703
Pbs from
0 . 5 ~7 . 0 ~ 4 70x460
0~
- = 92kN BS 5950- 7
0.5kbs e l tc pbs 7 O3 Table 32
'bs = 3x92+92 = 368kN
-
FV
2
= lSOkN < 368kN .'. O.K.
for 533 x 210 x 92 UB
Bearing capacities are as above
'bs = 5 x 9 2 + 92 = 552kN
-
FV
2
= 233kN < 552kN .'. O.K.
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt I Sheet 7 of 7 7
CHECK 70 : Supportins Column - Local Capacity

Shear & Bearing Capacity of column wall
(i) Basic requirement for shear: -2fV <- pv
for 406 x 178 x 74 UB side
Critical sections
wall thickness t, = 12.5mm w t

-
2
g=110
Fv
t
Fv
-
2
= 7SOkN
Shear capacity, P, = min (0.6Py A,, 0.7PyKe Av,net)
Cross shear area, A, = (et + ( n - 1 ) p + e b ) t,
eb = smallerof g/2 and 5 d = 55mm
et = smaller of e,, and 5 d

since the connection is not near the top of column e,, is not applicable
e, = 5d = 5x20 = lOOmm
AV
= (100 + (4 - 1 ) 70 + 55)x 12.5 = 4563mm2
.: 0.6pyAv -- 0.6 x 355 x 4563 = 972kN

7 O3
Net shear area, = A, - n Dht, Dh from

Yellowpages
for Hollo-Bolt connections Dh = hole diameter = 35mm Table H. 6 7
= 4563 - (4 x 35 x 12.5) = 2813mm2
0. 7 355x 1.1 ~ 2 8 1 3
.*. 0.7 py K, A =
x
103
= 769kN
.: P, = 769kN
-
f"
2
= 1SOkN < 769kN .'. O.K.
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt
I 8 of 1 7
For 533 x 21 0 x 92 U6 side

Critical sections
wall thickness
eb = smallerof g/2 and 5d = 55mm
et = 5d - 5x20 = 100mm
AV = ( 1 0 0 + ( 6 - 1 ) 7 0 + 5 5 ) ~ 12.5 = 6313mm2
0.6~355~6313
.: 0.6p,Av - = 1345kN
103
Av.net = 6313 - (6~35~12.5) = 3688mm2

0 . 7 ~3 5 5 ~ 7 . 7 ~ 3 6 8 8
.*. 0.7 p, K, A v.net = 103
= 1008kN
-- P, = 1008kN
F"
-
2
= 233kN < 1008kN .'. O.K.
Note: The above check is for&/ shear only; the effects of any global shear forces must also be considered.

FV
'bs
2n
Bearing capacity of column wall per bolt fbs = kbs d tw pbs Pbs from
l.Ox2Ox12.5 x 550 BS 5950-1
- = 138kN Table 32
103
for 406 x 178 x 74 U6 side
300
F, -
- - = 37.5kN < 138kN .'. O.K.
2n 2x4
for 533 x 21 0 x 92 U6 side
F, - 465
- = 38.8kN < 138kN .'. O.K.
2n 2x6
76
( p l e 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt I Sheet 9 of 7 7

CHECK 7 7 Structural lnteqrity - Connectinq Elements
Basic requirement: Tie force I Tying capacity of double angle web cleats
For406x l 7 8 x 7 4 U B
e*= 40 Tying capacity of double angle web cleats
= 0.6 Le t, py (For 5275 steel)
E!
el = 40 Effective net length of cleats is Le
p = 70 = 2 e, + (n - 1 ) pe - n Dh
Le
70 - e7 but I e2 - 40mm
ee
70 pe = p but I 2e2 -
- 70mm
el = 40
Le
= (2 x 40) + (3 x 70) - (4 x 35) = 150mm
sections 0 . 6 150x
~ 70x275
Tying capacity = - 248kN
Critical
703
Tie Force = 300kN 4: 248kN .: Fails
Yellow pages
However, using the rigorous approach of Appendix 6, the tying capacity is 393kN. Table H. 14
(For this standard connection, the value is given in the yellow pages)
Tie Force = 300kN < 393kN .*. O.K.
For533x210x92UB
e2 = 40
= 0.6 Le t, py (For 5275Steel)
Le
= 2 e, + (n - 7) pe - n Dh
ee - e7 but I e2 = 40mm
pe = p but I 2e2 = 70mm
Le = (2 40) + (5 70) - (6 35) = 220mm
0 . 6 ~ 2 2 70x275
0~
ing capacity = = 363kN
7 O3
Critical sections Tie force = 465kN 4: 363kN .: Fails
However, using the rigorous approach of Appendix 6, the tying capacity is 580kN. Yellow pages
Table H. 14
Tie Force = 465kN < 580kN .'.0.K.
Note: The tying capacity obtained by CHECK 7 1 is the same, for similar cleats, with a "single line
of bolts" or a "double line of bolts". The standard connection values, obtained from Table H. 14 of
the yellow pages,are CHECK 7 7 critical values (whereas the values tabulated in Table H. 13 are
CHECK 12(ii) values for these particular standard connections).
77
Tit'e Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt I Sheet
70 of 7 7
CHECK 72: Structural lnteurity - Supported Beam

This check is identical to CHECK 72 in Example 2
CHECK 7 3 :Structural Inteqrity - Tension Capacity of Bolts

Basic requirement: Tie Force Tension capacity of
tension bolt group
Tension
bolt group
-
Tension capacity
Tie Force psi

2 n Psi
Hollo-Bolt Structural integrity

Tensile Capacity
73kN for HOllO-Bolt

Yellow pages
Table H.56
For 406 x 778 x 7 4 UB Side Tension capacity 2x4~73 = 584kN
Tie Force 300kN < 584kN .'.O.K.

Tension capacity 2x6~73 = 876KN
Tie Force 465kN < 876kN .'.O.K.

CHECK 74: not applicable
CHECK 75: Structural Inteurity - Capacity of Supportins Column Wall (RHS)
t,= 12.5
c
P
1
Tie Force
Basic requirement: Tie Force I Tying capacity of RHS column wall
For 406 x 778 x 7 4 UB Side

Tying capacity -
of column wall - [ 77, + 1.5(1 - p1)0'5 ( 1 - y,)0,5 ]
1-P1
Double Angle Web Cleats - Worked Example I
Title Example 4 - Double Angle Cleats - Beam to RHS column using Hollo-bolt 1 Sheet 7 7 of 7 7
M U
moment capacity of RHS column wall per unit length
Pu t’, 3921 12.5’

-
- = 15.3kNm/mm
4 4 x 103
35mm (Hole diameter for Hollo-Bolt)
4
(4 -7)x70 - 2 x 35
= 0.659
250 - 3 x 12.5
9
PI
B - 3tw
170
- = 0.518
212.5
Dh
B - 3tw
35
- = 0.16
212.5
Tying capacity 8 x 15.3

[ 0 . 6 5 9 + l S ( 1 -0.578)0.5~(7 -0.165)0.5]
of column wall 7 - 0.518
253.9 [ 0.659+ (1.041 x 0.914)] = 409kN
Tie Force 300kN < 409kN .*. O.K.
B - 3tw
6
(6-1) 70- 2x35
= 1.152
250 - 3 x 12.5
Tying capacity -
of column wall -
8 x 15.3
7 - 0.518
[ I . 752 -+ 1.5(1 - 0.5 18)O.’ x ( I - 0.165)O.’ ]
- 253.9[ 1.752+(7.047 x 0.974)]= 534kN
Tie Force = 465kN < 534kN .*. O.K.

Example 5 - Double Angle Cleats - Stability of an unrestrained notched beam
CALCULATION Client

RS ASM May 2002
CHECK 7: Unrestrained Supported Beam - Overall Stability of Notched Beam

(Unrestrained against lateral torsional buckling)
Basic requirement: Beams should be checked for lateral torsional buckling to BS 5950- I
clause 4.3.6 with a modified effective length (LE) which takes account of notches.
The following approach is only valid for c/Lb < 0.1 5 and d,, / D < 0. 2 (beams with notches
outside these limits should be checked as tee sections, or stiffened)
c = 110 c = 110
b-4 k--cl
5 3 3 x 2 1 0 ~ 9 2UB
7 - L-d, I
=50
U
5355 steel
Lb =7000
4 rn
Check the beam shown, which was designed as unrestrained over the span with an effective length of
l.OL, when it has a single notch at each end, and a design moment of 2OOkNm due to UDL.
Beam 533 2 I0 92 UB grade 5355 M, = 2OOkNm
1
2360cm3
4.5 1cm properties obtained from published SCI - P202
36.4 tables or derived from BS 5950- 7 'Blue Book'
0.873
7
I consewative
110
-
7000
= 0.016 < 0.15 .'. OK
50
533.1
= 0.094 < 0.2 .'. OK
7
2c /2
Modified effective length, LE = Lb [I + -(K2 + 2K)]
Lb
K = Ko /'b
U v Lb
'Y
0.873 x 1 x 7000
= 135.5
45.1
Ab > 30 .'. KO = g0x but I K,,,,
80
-
Tit‘e Example 5 - Double Angle Cleats - Stability of a n unrestrained notched beam 1 2 Of 2
Note: For values of c / ~ b< 0.025 use: go = 5.56 and K,, = 260
KO = 5 . 5 6 ~36.4 = 202.4 < K,,,,,
202.4
.. K - - 1.49
135.5
(2 x 110)
and LE = 7 0 0 0 [ 1 + 7ooo x ((1.492 + (2 x 1.49))]
BS 5950- 1
4.3.6.7
/I, = I for class I cross-section

I
7550
a = ~ ~ / r ,=, - = I67
45.1
IyT
=
= 0.873
355N/mm2
x I x 167 = 146
I
PY
BS 5950- 1
pb = 74N/mm2 pb - Table I 6
M, - 4.3.6.4
Mb = pb 5, (for class 1 cross-section)
74 x 2360
- -- 175kNm
103
BS 5950- I
Basic requirement: M, -< -Mb and M, I M,, 4.3.6.2
mlt
Mcx = 838kNm
s a - P202
Page D-59
mLt = 0.925 for UDL BS 5950- 1

Table 18
ML 175
.. -U
mLt
-- -
0.925
- 189kNm
MX = 200kNm k 189kNm .: Fails
SOLUTIONS: ( I ) Increase beam size

or (2) Provide plan bracing to the beam to reduce unrestrained span.

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4.

DOUBLE ANGLE WEB CLEATS

4.2 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

One problem of detailing arises when beamswith different

The slotted hole connection Figure 4.3 Short slotted holes in

t w is the greater web thickness

Recommended cleat size Vertical bolt lines

Bolts: M20 grade 8.8 in 22mm diameter holes

Note: For the smaller UBs, up to 457mm deep, a 90 x 90 x 8mm angle

Figure 4.4 Standard double angle web cleat connections

Generally it will be found that the tying capacity of a web

If a standard connection is unable to carry large tying

The tying force should be considered in isolation and not

4.5 DESIGN PROCEDURES

CHECK 1 Recommended detailing practice

f‘ll Double line of bolts

CHECK 2 Supported beam - Bolt group

Check these bolts in shear under eccentric load

Shear capacity of bolt group connecting cleats to web of supported beam

F, = resultant force on outermost bolt due to direct shear and moment

- vertical force on the bolt bolt pitch

elastic section modulus distance from centre of

For double line of bolts shear capacity of a single

vertical force on the outermost shear area of a bolt

CHECK 3 Supported beam - Connecting elements

Single Line of bolts Double Line of bolts

%.net = 4- Dh tc t, = thickness of cleat

Pb, = bearing capacity of the leg of the angle cleat

= d t, pbs but Pb, I 0.5 et, pbs

CHECK 4 Supported beam - Capacity at the connection

Critical section in plain shear

Critical section in plain shear 1,

Block shear failure / /

4 = (e,+(n-l)p+eb) Dh = diameter of hole

CHECK 4 Supported beam - Capacity at the connection

Critical section for shear and bending interaction

For double notched beam:

For high shear (i.e. F, > 0.75P,,min)

CHECK 4 Supported beam - Capacity at the connection

Check bolt group

(iii) For bearing:

FS = resultant force as defined in CHECK 2.

'bs = bearing capacity of the beam web per bolt

= dt,Pbs but Pb, 5 0.5eLppbs

pbs = bearing strength of beam web

e = end distance, and may conservatively be taken as e3

CHECK 5 Supported beam - Capacity at a notch

L = thickness of supported beam web

max ( Fv(tl+c), Fv(tl+e3+gb)) McN

CHECK 6 Supported beam - Local stability of notched bean

dcl 5 D/2 and:

C I D for D/t, I54.3 (5275 steel)

c < D for D/t, I48.0 (5355 steel)

For both flanges notched

for D/t, I54.3 (5275 steel)

for D/t, > 54.3 (5275 steel)

C I D for D/t, < 48.0 (5355 steel)

L = thickness of supported beam web

Unrestrained supported beam

(3) clause 4.3 with a

Conservatively, U = 0.9 and v = 1 .O

for hb < 30 KO = 1.1 go x but I 1.1, , ,K