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when does

conservation
.

u
become

the answer is
,
it doesn't .
Fick's 1st Law

describes F in
Egnatia ⑥ on
page 2, which

then
contributes to DTC .

However , if the question was : when does

Dff =D Tc t Bu
reduce to Fick 's 2=1 Law ,
then the answer is :

Br -0 & 8=0 If F-O

Ppf ¥
when .
then i
,

&
¥=i
then
=D Jc + Bu becomes which is

Fick 's 2nd law

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3 .
Deen
2-2. Charge Conservation and Electric Current
Given that

i = −κe ∇φ (current density)

!
ρe = F zi Ci = 0 (charge density)
i

(a) Apply conservation of charge to an arbitrary control volume.

For a fixed CV, start with Eq. (2.2-1):

" " "
d
b dV = − n · F dS + BV dV .
dt V S V

Here

b = ρe (concentration of charge)
F=i (flux of charge)
BV = 0 (no charge-producing reactions, by assumption)

Thus " "

d
ρe dV = − n · i dS.
dt V s

With local electroneutrality (ρe = 0), this reduces to

"
n · i dS = 0
s

The same result is obtained for a moving/deforming CV, by starting with Eq. (2.2-4).
(b) Derive the PDE that governs φ(r, t). Apply the divergence theorem to the result in (a):
" "
n · i dS = ∇ · i dV = 0.
S V

Let V → 0:
∇ · i = 0.
Evaluate current to get PDE for φ:
∇ · (−κe ∇φ) = 0
where κe = const.

or ∇2 φ = 0

This holds for time-dependent as well as steady state systems, provided that ρe = 0.
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