Code No: R7310406 1

III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Draw the block diagram of digital communication system and explain each block in detail.
(b) Mention the advantages of digital communication over analog communication.

2. (a) What is delta modulation and compare with PCM?

(b) Discuss different types of noise effects in delta modulation.

3. (a) Write down the modulation waveform for transmitting binary information over base band
channels, for the following modulation schemes: ASK, PSK, FSK and DPSK.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes?
(c) Discuss base band transmission of M-ary data.

4. (a) What is meant by ISI? And how it differs from cross talk in the PAM.
(b) What is the ideal solution to obtain zero ISI and what is the disadvantage of this solution.

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Mutual Information.

(b) Self Information.
(c) Logarithmic measure for information.

6. (a) State and explain the capacity of noisy channel?

(b) What is the difference between data rate and information rate?
(c) Draw and explain analog portion of the communication channel.

7. A (15, 5) linear cyclic code has a generator polynomial G(x) = 1 + x +x2 +x4 +x5 +x8 +x10 .

(a) Draw the block diagram of encoder and syndrome calculator for this code.
(b) Find the code polynomial for the message polynomial D(x) = 1+x2 +x4 .

8. (a) What is a convolution code? How it is generated?

(b) Explain in detail the convolution coder with a suitable diagram.

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Code No: R7310406 2
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. State and prove the ideal sampling and reconstruction of low pass signals with neat sketches.

2. (a) Explain with a neat block diagram the operation of a continuously variable slope delta
modulator (CVSD).
(b) Compare Delta modulation with Pulse code modulation technique.

3. (a) Give the comparisons of digital modulation schemes (ASK, FSK, PSK and DPSK) with
respect to bandwidth requirements, power requirements, immunity to channel impairments
and equipment complexity.
(b) With a neat diagram explain QPSK receiver scheme. Give also the phasor diagram of
QPSK.

4. (a) Explain how the residual effects of the channel are responsible for ISI.
(b) What is the practical solution to obtain zero ISI? Explain.

5. Consider communication system in which allowable messages are m1 , m2 .... with probabilities
occurrence p1 , p2 , p3 .... with L messages. Find

(a) Total Information Itotal .

(b) Average Information H.
(c) Average Information H per message with probabilities p and (1-P).
(d) Hmax .

6. (a) Calculate the bandwidth limits of Shannon-Hartley theorem.

(b) What is an ideal system? What kind of method is proposed by Shannon for an ideal
system?

7. The parity check bits of a (8, 4) block code are generated by

C5 =d1 + d2 + d4
C6 =d1 + d2 + d3
C7 =d1 + d3 + d4
C8 =d2 + d3 + d4
where d1 , d2 , d3 and d4 are message bits. Find:

(a) the generator matrix and parity check matrix for this code.
(b) the minimum weight of this code.

8. Explain various methods for describing convolutional codes.

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Code No: R7310406 3
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) State sampling theorem for low pass signals and band pass signals.
(b) What is aliasing effect? How it can be eliminated? Explain with neat diagram.

2. (a) Write short notes on:

i. Granular noise
ii. Slope overload distortion.
(b) Derive an expression for quantization noise in delta modulation.

3. Explain the design and analysis of M-ary signaling schemes. List the waveforms in quaternary
schemes.

4. (a) In decreasing the ISI, what are the practical solutions and what is the transmission band-
width requirement.
(b) Explain about three tap-preset equalizer.

5. A code is composed of dots and dashes. Assume that the dash is 3 times as long as the dots,
has one-third the probability of occurrence. Calculate:

(a) the information in a dot and that in a dash.

(b) average information in the dot-hash code.
(c) Assume that a dot lasts for 10 ms and that this same time interval is allowed between
symbols. Calculate average rate of information.

6. Draw relevant diagram for model of an M-ary discrete memoryless channels and explain.

7. Prove CHT = 0 where C is code word and H is parity check matrix.

8. (a) Explain the encoding and decoding principle in convolutional code.

(b) Write the advantages of convolutional codes over block codes.

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Code No: R7310406 4
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain the term ‘Quantization’.

(b) Find the output signal power due to Quantization noise in a PCM system.

2. (a) What are the problems encountered in linear delta modulation? Explain in detail.
(b) Explain with a neat block diagram the operation of a continuously variable slope delta
modulator (CVSD).

3. (a) Explain with neat diagrams coherent BFSK transmitter and receiver. Explain single space
diagram for coherent BFSK systems.
(b) Give the comparisons between FSK and PSK schemes.

4. (a) Find the impulse response of duo - binary filter and draw the response.
(b) Why the overall transfer function of the duo - binary filter is called as half cycle cosine
function?

5. One experiment has three mutual exclusive outcomes Aj , j =1, 2, 3 and second experiment
has three mutually exclusive outcomes Bj , j=1, 2, 3. The joint probabilities P (A, B) are
P (A1 , B1 ) = 0.11 P (A1 , B2 ) = 0.08 P (A1 , B3 ) = 0.13
P (A2 , B1 ) = 0.15 P (A2 , B2 ) = 0.03 P (A2 , B3 ) = 0.09
P (A3 , B1 ) = 0.11 P (A3 , B2 ) = 0.04 P (A3 , B3 ) = 0.06
With the given joint probabilities P (Ai , Bj ), if the outcomes Ai , i=1, 2, 3, 4 of experiment A.
Determine the Mutual Information I (Bj ; Ai ) for j=1, 2, 3 and i=1, 2, 3, 4, in bits.

6. Explain Shannon-Fano algorithm with an example.

7. Explain about block codes in which each block of k message bits encoded into block of n > k
bits with an example.

8. Describe the following decoding algorithms for convolutional codes

(a) Viterbi decoding algorithm

(b) Sequential decoding algorithm.

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