GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

• CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

CHAPTER
2

(Gate 2001) 3. The maxwell relation derived form the

1. A reasonably general expression for differential expression for the helmohtz free
vapour liquid phase equilibrium a low energy (dA) is
modern pressure is
 T   T 
i yi P   i x i f i0 where  is a vapour (a)     
 V s  S  v
fugacity coefficient  i is the liquid activity
coefficient , and f io is the fugacity of pure  S   V 
(b)     
 P T  T v
component i. the KI value  yi  Ki xi  is
therefore, in general , a function of  V   T 
(c)     
(a) temperature only  S P  P s
(b) temperature and pressure only
(c) temperature, pressure liquid  S   P 
(d)     
composition xi only  V T  T v
(d) temperature , pressure liquid
composition xi and vapour composition 4. At 1000C, water and methyleyclohexane
yi both have vapour pressures of 1.0 atm. also
at 100 0C the latent heats of vaporization of
2. High pressure steam is expanded these compounds are 40.63 kJ/mol for
adiabatically and reversibly through a well water and 31.55 kJ/mol for methyl
insulated turbine which produces some cyclohexane. The vapour pressure of water
shaft work. If the enthalpy change and at 150 0C is 0C , the vapour pressure of meth
entropy change across the turbine are cyclohexane would be expected to be
represented by H and S . Respectively
for this process: (a) Significantly less than 4.69 atm

(a) H  0 & S  0 (b) Nearly equal to 4.69 atm

(b) H  0 & S  0 (c) Significantly more than 4.69 atm

(c) H  0 & S  0 (d) Indeterminate due to a lack of data

(d) H  0 & S  0

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5. Air enters an adiabatic compressor at (c) T, P and Z (d) T and Z

300 K. the exit temperature for a
compression ratio of 3, assuming air to be 9. Which of the following identities can be
most easily used to verify steam table data
an ideal gas (y  Cp / C v  7 / 5) and the
for superheated steam?
process to be reversible is
(a)  T / V S    P / SV
(a) 300 (3 m2/7) (b) 300 (3 m1/5)
(b)  T / P S   V / SP
(c) 300 (3 m3/7) (d) 300 (3 m5/7)
(c)  P / T V    S / V T

(d)  V / T P    S / P T
(Gate 2002)

10. Steam undergoes isentropic expansion

6. Which of the following conditions are in a turbine form 5000 kPa and 400 0C
satisfied at the critical point by the P-V-T (entropy = 6.65 kJ/kg K) to 150 k Pa
relation of a real fluid? (entropy of saturated liquid = 1.4336 kJ/kg
K, entropy of saturated vapour = 7.2234
 2P   P  kJ/kg K). The eixt condition of steam is
(a)  2 
  0
 V T  V T (a) superheatedvpaour
(b) partially condensed vapour with quality
 2P   P  of 0.9
(b)  2 
 0,   0
 V T  V T (c) saturatedvapour
(d) partially condensed vapour with quality
 2P   P  of 0.1
(c)  2 
 0,   0
 V T  V T 11. A rigid vessel, containing three moles of
nitrogen gas at 30 0C, is heated to 250 0C .
 2P   P  assume the average heat capacities of
(d)  2 
 0,   0 nitrogen to be required, neglecting the heat
 V T  V T
capacity of the vessel, is
7. The number of degrees of freedom for an
azeotropic mixture of ethanol and water in Cp  29.1 J / mol0C and Cv  20.8J / mol0C. The heat
vapour liquid equilibrium is required neglecting the heat capacity of the
vessel, is
(a) 3 (b) 1
(a) 13728 J (b) 19206 J
(c) 2 (d) 0
(c) 4576 J (d) 12712 J
8. The partial molar enthalpy of a
component in an ideal binary gas mixture of 12. 1 m3 of an ideal gas at 500 K and 1000
compositional temperature T and pressure kPa expands reversibly to 5 times its
P, is a function only of intialvolume in an insulated container. If
the specific heat capacity (at constant
(a) T (b) T and P pressue) of the gas is 21J/mol

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(a) 35 K (b) 174 K (a) 10.73 kJ (b) 16.15 kJ

(c) 274 K (d) 154 K (c) 18.11 kJ (d) 18.33 kJ

17. A solid metallic block weighing 5 kg has

(Gate 2003) an initial temperature of 500 0C; 40 kg of
water initially at 25 0C is contained in a
13. for organic estimation of heat capacity perfectly insulated tank. The metallic block
of a solid compound, one can use
is brought into contact with water. Both of
(a) clapeyron’s equation them come to equilibrium. Specific heat of
block material is 0.4 material is 0.4 kJ kg-1K-
(b) gibb’s equation 1. Ignoring the effect of expansion and

contraction, and also the heat capacity of

(c) kopp’s rule tank, the total entropy change in kJ kg-1K-1 is
(d) Troution’s rule (a) – 1.87 (b) 0.0
14. One mole of nitrogen at 8 bar and 600 K (c) 1.26 (d) 3.91
is contained is a piston cylinder
arrangement. It is brought to 1 bar 18. The following heat engine produces
isothermally against a resisting pressure of 1 power of 100,000kW. The heat engine
bar. The work done (in joules) by the gas is operates between 00 K and 300 K. it has
thermal efficiency equal to 50% of that of
(a) 30554 (b) 10373 the Carnot engine for the same temperature.
The rate at which heat is absorbed from the
(c) 4988.4 (d) 4364.9
hot reservoir is
15. For water at 3000C , it has a vapour
(a) 100,000 kW
pressure 8592.7 kPa and fugacity 6738.9
kPa under these conditions, one mole of (b) 160,000 kW
water in liquid phase has a volume 25.28
cm3 and that in vapour phase 391.1 cm 3. (c) 200,000 kW
Fugacity of water (in kPa at 9000 kpa will
be (d) 320,000 kW

(a) 673.89 (b) 6753.5 19. At 600C, vapour pressures of methanol

and water are 84.562 kPa and 19.953 kPa
(c) 7058.3 (d) 90000 respectively an aqueous solution of
methanol at 600C exerts a pressure of
16. Heat capacity of air can be 39.223 kPa; the liquid phase andvapour
approximately expressed as phase mole fractions of methanol are 0.1686
and 0.5714 respectively. Activity coefficient
CP = 26.693 + 7.365 x 10-3 T
of methanol is
Where Cp is J/ (mol) (K) and T is K. The
heat given off by 1 mole of air when cooled (a) 1.572 (b) 1.9398
at 1 atmospheric pressure from 500 0C to – (c) 3.389 (d) 4.238
100 0C is

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20-21 are based on the data supplied
in the paragraph below
One kg of saturated steam at 1000C and
1.01325 bar is contained in a rigid walled
vessel. It has a volume 1.673 m3. It cools to
980C; the saturation pressure is 0.943 bar;
one of water vapour under these conditions
has a volume of 1.789 m-3
20. The amount of water vapour condensed
(in kg) is
(a) 0.0 (b) 0.065
(C) Infinity (D) An indeterminate
value
24. A perfectly insulated container of
volume V is divided into two equal halves by
a partition. One side is under vacuum while
the other side has one mole of an ideal gas
(with constant heat capacity) at 298 K. If
the partition is broken, the final
temperature of the gas in the container
(A) Will be greater than 298 K
(B) Will be 298 K

(c) 0.1 (d) 1.0 (C) Will be less than 298 K

(D) Can’t be determined
21. The latent heat of condensation (kJ kg-1)
under these conditions is
25. The number of degrees of freedom
(a) 40732 (b) 2676 for an azeotropic mixture in a two
component vapor – liquid equilibria is / are
(c) 2263 (d) 540

(A) Zero (B) One

(Gate 2004) (C) Two (D) Three

22. For an ideal gas mixture undergoing
a reversible gaseous phase chemical
reaction, the equilibrium constant
(A) Independent of pressure
(B) Increases with pressure
(C) Decreases with pressure
(D) Increases / decreases with pressure
depending on the stoichiometric
coefficients of the reaction.
26. A car tier of volume 0.057 m3 is
inflated to 300 kPa at 300 K. After the car
is driven for ten hours, the pressure in the
tier increases to 330 kPa. Assume air is an
ideal gas and Cv for air is 21 J/(mol K). The
change in the internal energy of air in the
tier in J/mol is
(A) 380 (B) 630
(C) 760 (D) 880

23. As pressure approaches zero, the 27. A gas obeys P (V-b) = RT. The work
ratio of fugacity to pressure (f/P) for a gas obtained from reversible isothermal
approaches expansion of one mole of this gas from an
initial molar volume vi to a final molar
(A) Zero (B) Unity volume vf is

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V   P    2P 
(A) RT ln  f  (B) RT ln  Vf  b  (A)    0;  2 0
V   V T
 i  Vi   V T
 V   2 V 
(C)  Vf 
RTln   (D RT ln  Vf  b  (B)    0;  2  0
 Vi  b  V b
i   P T  P T
 P    2P 
(C)    0;  2 0
28. A cyclic engine exchanges heat with  T  V  T  V
two reservoirs maintained at 100 and  V   2 V 
(D)    0;  2  0
3000C, respectively. The maximum work (in  V P  T P
J) that can be obtained from 1000 J of heat
extracted from the hot reservoir is 32. Which one of the following
statements in TRUE?
(A) 349 (B) 651 (A) Heat can be fully converted into work
(C) 667 (D) 1000 (B) Work cannot be fully converted into heat
(C) The efficiency of a heat engine increases
as the temperature of the heat source is
29. The vapor pressure of water is given
increased while keeping the
by lnP A
5000 where A is a constant, Psat is
temperature of the heat sink fixed.
sat

T
vapor pressure in atm, and T is temperature (D) A cyclic process can be devised whose
in K. The vapor pressure of water in atm at sole effect is to transfer heat from a lower
50 0C is approximately temperature to a higher temperature.

33. A Carnot heat engine cycle is

(A) 0.07 (B) 0.09
working with an ideal gas. The work
(C) 0.11 (D) 0.13 performed by the gas during the adiabatic
expansion and compression steps, W1 and
30. At standard conditions, W2 respectively, are related as
N2 + 2O2  2NO2 ∆G0 = 100 kJ/mol
NO + ½ O2  NO2 ∆G0 = – 35 kJ/mol (A) | W1 | > | W2 | (B) | W1 | < |W2 |
The standard free energy of formation of (C) W1 = W2 (D) W1 = – W2
NO in kJ/mol is
34. The Van-Laar activity coefficient
(A) 15 (B) 30 model for a binary mixture is given by the
form
(C) 85 (D) 170
A* B*
ln 1  ln  2 
 A x1 
*
 B * x2 
1  *  1 * 
(Gate 2005)  B x2 
 A x1 
Given γ1 = 1.40, γ2 = 1.25, x1 = 0.25, x2 =
0.75, determine the constants A* and B*,
31. In van der Waals equation of state,
what are the criteria applied at the critical
point in determine the parameters ‘a’ and
(A) A* = 0.5, B* = 0.3
‘b’?

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(B) A* = 3, B* = 0.5 (D) 1000.23x10-6

(C) A* = 0.333, B* = 0.2
(D) A* = 2, B* = 0.333 37. The change in I.E. of the gas in J is

35. What is the actual power required to (A) 0 (B) 10

drive a reciprocating air compressor which (C) 23.43 (D) 83.37
has to compress 34 m3 of air per minute
from 1.013 x 105 N/m2 to 4.052 x 105 N/m2?
Assume that PV1.25 is constant, where P is (Gate 2006)
the pressure and V is the volume, and the
efficiency of the compressor is 85%.
38. At a given temperature and pressure, a
liquid mixture of benzene and toluene is in
(A) 107.9 kW (B) 200 kW
equilibrium with its vapor. The available
(C) 82.6 kW (D) 91.7 kW degree(s) of freedom is (are)

Linked Answer Questions: 36 and 37 (A) 0 (B) 1

(C) 2 (D) 3
A frictionless cylinder piston assembly
contains an ideal gas. Initially pressure (P 1)
= 100 kPa, temperature (T1) = 500 K and 39. A heat engine operates at 75% of the
volume (V1) = 700 x 10-6 m3. This system is maximum possible efficiency. The ratio of
supplied with 100 J of heat and pressure is the heat source temperature (in K) to the
maintained constant at 100 kPa. The heat sink temperature (in K) is 5/3. The
enthalpy variation is given by H (J/mol) = fraction of the heat supplied that is
30000 + 50 T; where T is the temperature converted to work is
in K, and the universal gas constant R =
8.314 J/(mole K). (A) 0.2 (B) 0.3
(C) 0.4 (D) 0.6

40. For the isentropic expansion of an ideal

gas from the initial conditions T1, T1 to the
final conditions T2, T2, which ONE of the
following relations is valid? (γ = Cp / Cv)

 P1   T2 
(A)   
  T1 
 P2   

 P1   T2   1
36. The final volume of the gas (V2) in m3 is (B)   
 P2   T1 
   
(A) 700 x 10-6
 P1   T1 
(B) 866.32 x 10-6 (C)   
   
(C) 934.29 x 10-6  P2   T 2 

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

 (A) 0.75 (B) 1

P   T1   1
(D)  1   (C) 1.25 (D) 1.5
 P2   T2 
   

(Gate 2007)
41. Match the following:
44. If TA and TB are the boiling points of
(a) Heat (i) State Function pure A and pure B respectively and T AB is
(b) Internal energy (ii) Path Function that of a non-homogeneous immiscible
(c) Work mixture of A and B, then

(d) Entropy (A) TAB < TA& TB (B) TAB > TA& TB
(A) (a)-(ii); (b)-(i); (c)-(i); (d)-(i) (C) TA> TAB > TB (D) TB> TAB > TA
(B) (a)-(ii); (b)-(i); (c)-(ii); (d)-(ii)
(C) (a)-(ii); (b)-(ii); (c)-(i); (d)-(i) 45. The state of an ideal gas is changed
(D) (a)-(ii); (b)-(i); (c)-(ii); (d)-(i) from (T1, P1) to T2, P2) in a constant volume
process. To calculate the change in enthalpy
42. For a binary mixture of A and B at Δh, ALL of the following
400 K and 1 atm, which ONE of the
following equilibrium states deviates properties/variables are required.
significantly from ideality? (A) CV , P1 , P2

Given: ln PAsat   6.2  (B) CP , T1 , T2

2758
T
(C) CP , T1 , T2 , P1 , P2
where,
(D) CV , P1 , P2 , T1 , T2
PAsat = vapor pressure of A, atm;
T = temperature, K
46. The change in entropy of the
PA = partial pressure of A, atm,
system, ΔSsys, undergoing a cyclic
xA = mole fraction of A in liquid; y A = irreversible process is
mole fraction of A in vapor
(A) Greater than 0
(B) Equal to zero
(A) xA = 0.5; yA = 0.25
(C) Less than zero
(B) xA = 0.5; PA = 0.25
(D) Equal to the ΔSsurroundings
(C) xA = 0.5; PA = 0.5
(D) xA = 0.6; yA = 0.3
47. Parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the van der
Waals and other cubic equations of state
43. The molar density of water vapor at the represent
normal boiling point of water is 33 mol/m 3.
The compressibility factor under these (A) a – molecular weight
conditions is close to which ONE of the
b – molecular polarity
following? R = 8.314 J/(mol K)

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(B) a – molecular size (D) ΔU, Q, are different.

b – molecular attraction
(C) a – molecular size 50. For a pure substance, the Maxwell’s
b – molecular speed relation obtained from the fundamental
property relation du = Tdz – Pdv is
(D) a – molecular attraction
b – molecular size  T   P 
(A)     
 v s  s v
E R
48. If mi , mi , mi , mi are molar, partial
 P   s 
molar, residual and excess properties (B)    
 T v  v T
respectively for a pure species “i”, the
mixture property M of a binary non-ideal  T   v 
mixture of components 1 and 2, is given by (C)    
 P s  s P
(A) x1 m1 + x2 m2  v   s 
(D)     
(B) x1 m1R + x2 m2R  T v  P T
(C) x1 m1 + x2 m2
(D) x1 m1E + x2 m2E 51. Which of the following represents the
Carnot cycle (ideal engine)?

49. For the two paths as shown in the

figure, one reversible and one irreversible,
to change the state of the system from a to b,
is

(A) ΔU, Q, W are same

(B) ΔU, is same
52. 2 kg of steam in a piston-cylinder device
(C) Q, W are same
at 400 kPa and 175 °C undergoes a

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mechanically reversible, isothermal vapor is 0.8. Vapor pressure of methanol

compression to a final pressure such that and water at 60°C are 85 kPa and 20 kPa
respectively. Assuming vapor phase to be
the steam becomes just saturated. What is
an ideal gas mixture
the work, W, required for the process?
Data: 54. What is the activity coefficient of water
T = 175°C, P = 400 kPa – v = 0.503 m3/kg, u in the liquid phase?
= 2606 kJ/kg, s = 7.055 kJ/kg-K
(A) 0.3 (B) 1.2
T = 175°C, satd. vapor – v = 0.216 m3/kg, u
(C) 1.6 (D) 7.5
= 2579 kJ/kg, s = 6.622 kJ/kg-K

55. What is the excess Gibbs free energy

(A) 0 kJ (B) 230 kJ (gE, in J/mol) of the liquid mixture?
(C) 334 kJ (D) 388 kJ
(A) 9.7 (B) 388
(C) 422 (D) 3227
53. Vapor phase hydration of C 2H4 to
ethanol by the following reaction
C2H4 (g) + H2O (g) ↔ C2H5 OH (g) Linked Answer Questions 56 & 57:
Attains equilibrium at 400 K and 3 bar. The
standard Gibbs free energy change of
reaction at these conditions is Δg° = 4000 56. A perfectly insulated cylinder of
J/mol. For 2 moles of an equimolar feed of volume 0.6 m3 is initially divided into two
ethylene and steam, the equation in terms of parts by a thin, frictionless piston, as shown
the extent of reaction ε (in mols) at in the figure. The smaller part of volume
equilibrium is 0.2 m3 has ideal gas at 6 bar pressure and
100°C. The other part is evacuated.
(2  )
(A)  0.3  0
(1  )2
0.2 m 3 vacuum
(1  )2
(B)  0.9  0
(2  )

 stopper
(C)  0.3  0
(1  )2 At certain instant of time t, the stopper is
removed and the piston moves out freely to
(2  )
(D)  0.9  0 the other end. The final temperature is
(1  )2
(A) –140 °C (B) –33 °C
Linked Answer Questions 54 & 55: (C) 33°C (D) 100°C
A methanol-water vapor liquid system is at
equilibrium at 60°C and 60 kPa. The mole 57. The cylinder insulation is now
fraction of methanol in liquid is 0.5 and in removed and the piston is pushed back to

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restore the system to its initial state. If this v = 220 x1 + 180 x2 + x1 x2 (90 x1 + 50 x2).
is to be achieved only by doing work on the The partial molar volume of species 2 at x2 =
system (no heat addition, only heat removal 0.3 is
allowed), what is the minimum work
required? (A) 183.06 (B) 212.34
(C) 229.54 (D) 256.26
(A) 3.4 kJ (B) 107 kJ
(C) 132 kJ (D) 240 kJ
61. The standard Gibbs free energy
change and enthalpy change at 25°C for the
liquid phase reaction CH3COOH (1) +
C2H5OH (1) CH2COOC2H5(1) + H2O (1) are
given as ΔG°298 = - 4650 J/mol and ΔH°298 = -
(Gate 2008)
3640 J/mol. If the solution is ideal and
58.For a Carnot refrigerator operating enthalpy change is assumed to be constant,
between 40°C and 25°C, the coefficient of the equilibrium constant at 95°C is
performance is
(A) 0.65 (B) 4.94
(A) 1 (B) 1.67
(C) 6.54 (D) 8.65
(C) 19.88 (D) 39.74

Linked Answer Questions 62 and 63:

59. The work done by one mole of a van
der Waals fluid undergoing reversible A binary mixture containing species 1 and 2
isothermal expansion from initial volume V i forms an azeotropic at 105.4°C and 1.013
to final volume Vf is bar. The liquid phase mole fraction of
component 1 (x1) of this azeotropic is 0.62.
At 105.4°C, the pure component vapor
 Vf 
(A) RT ln   pressures for species 1 and 2 are 0.878 bar
 Vi  and 0.665 bar, respectively. Assume that
the vapor phase is an ideal gas mixture. The
 Vf  b  van – Laar constants, A and B, are given by
(B) RT ln  
 Vi  b  the expressions:

 Vf  b   1 1 
(C) RT ln    a   
 i
V  b   V f Vi 

 Vf  b   1 1 
(D) RT ln    a   
 Vi  b   V f Vi 

60. The molar volume (v) of a binary 62. The activity coefficients ( γ1, γ2 )
mixture, of species 1 and 2 having mole under these conditions are
fractions x1 and x2 respectively is given by
(A) (0.88, 0.66) (B) (1.15, 1.52),

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(C) (1.52, 1.15) (D) (1.52, 0.88) final temperature after compression is 600
K and the mechanical efficiency of
compression is 50%.
63. The Van Laar constants (A, B) are

66. The work required for compression

(A) (0.92, 0.87) (B) (1.00, 1.21), (in kJ/mol) is
(C) (1.12, 1.00) (D) (1.52, 1.15) (A) 3.74 (B) 6.24
(C) 7.48 (D) 12.48
(Gate 2009)
67. The final pressure P2 (in bar) is
64. An ideal gas at temperature T1 and
pressure P1 is compressed isothermally to (A) 23/4 (B) 25/4
pressure P2 (> P1) in a closed system. Which (C) 23/2 (D) 25/2
ONE of the following is TRUE for internal (Gate 2010)
energy (U) and Gibbs free energy (G) of the
gas at the two states?
68. An equi-molar liquid mixture of
(A) U1 = U2, G1> G2 species 1 and 2 is in equilibrium with its
vapor at 400 K. At this temperature, the
(B) U1 = U2, G1< G2
vapor pressures of the species are = 180 kPa
(C) U1> U2, G1 = G2 and = 120 kPa. Assuming that Raoult’s law
(D) U1< U2, G1 = G2 is valid, the value of y1 is

(A) 0.30 (B) 0.41

65. For a binary mixture at constant
temperature and pressure, which ONE of (C) 0.50 (D) 0.60
the following relations between activity
coefficient (γi) and mole fraction (xi) is 69. A new linear temperature scale,
thermodynamically consistent? denoted by °S, has been developed,
1 2 where the freezing point of water is 200°S
(A) ln  1  1  2 x1  x1 , ln  2 
2
x1 and the boiling point is 400°S. On this
2
scale, 500°S corresponds, in degrees
(B) ln  1  1  2 x1  x1 , ln  2  x1
2 2
Celsius, to

1 2
(C) ln  1  1  2 x1  x1 , ln  2   (A) 100°C (B) 125°C
2
x1
2
(C) 150°C (D) 300°C
(D) ln  1  1  2 x1  x ln  2   x
2 2
1 , 1
70. A saturated liquid at 1500 kPa and
Common Data Questions66 and 67: 500 K, with an enthalpy of 750 kJ / kg, is
throttled to a liquid – vapor mixture at 150
An ideal gas with molar heat capacity
kPa and 300 K. At the exit conditions, the
5
Cp  R (where R = 8.314 J / mol.K) is enthalpy of the saturated liquid is 500 kJ /
2
compressed adiabatically from 1 bar and kg and the enthalpy of the saturated vapor is
300 K to pressure P2 in a closed system. The

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers
2500 kJ/kg. The percentage of the original
liquid, which vaporizes, is
(A) 87.5 % (B) 67%
(C) 12.5% (D) 10%
71. At constant T and P, the molar
density of a binary mixture is given by ρ = 1
+ x2, where x2 is the mole fraction of
component-2. The partial molar volume at
infinite dilution for component-1, is
(A) 0.75 (B) 1.0
(C) 2.0 (D) 4.0
(Gate 2011)
72. Minimum work (W) required
separating a binary gas mixture at a
temperature T0 and pressure P0 is,
  fˆ   fˆ  
W  RT0  y1 ln  1   y 2 ln  2  
  f1   f 
   2 
where y1 and y2 are mole fractions. fpure,1 and
fpure,2 are fugacity of pure species at T0 and
P0 and f1 and f2 are fugacity of species in the
mixture at T0 , P0 and y1.
If the mixture is ideal then W is
(A) 0
(B) – RT0 [y1ln y1 + y2ln y2]
(C) RT0 [y1ln y1 + y2lny2 ]
(D) RT0
73. The partial molar enthalpies of
mixing (in J / mol) for benzene (component
1) and cyclo-hexane (component 2) at 300 K
and 1 bar are given by and, where x 1 and x2
are the mole fractions. When ONE mole of
benzene is added to TWO moles of cyclo-
hexane, the enthalpy change (in J) is
(A) 3600 (B) 2400
41 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
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(C) 2000 (D) 800
74. One mole of methane is contained in
a leak proof piston – cylinder assembly at 8
bar and 1000 K. The gas undergoes
isothermal expansion to 4 bar under
reversible conditions. Methane can be
considered as an ideal gas under these
conditions. The value of universal gas
constant is 8.314 J.mol–1 K–1. The heat
transferred (in kJ) during the process is
(A) 11.52 (B) 5.76
(C) 4.15 (D) 2.38
75. Two systems are available for
compressing 6 m3 / hr of ambient air to 10
bar. The first one uses a single stage
compressor (K1) and the second one uses a
multistage compressor with inter – stage
cooling (K2). Which ONE of the following
statements is INCORRECT?
(A) K2 will have knockout pots in between
the stages
(B) Discharge temperature of K1 will be
higher than that of K2
(C) K2 will consume more power than K1
(D) Cost of K2 will be more than that of K1
76. Consider a binary mixture of methyl
ethyl ketone (component 1) and toluene
(component 2). At 323 K the activity
coefficients γ1 and γ2 are given by
ln 1  x22  1  2  42 x1  ,
ln  2  x21  1  2  42 x2  Where x1 and x2 are
the mole fractions in the liquid mixture, and
Ψ1 and Ψ2 are parameters independent of
composition. At the same temperature, the
infinite dilution activity coefficients, and are
given by ln    0.4 and ln    0.2 . The vapor
1 
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

pressure of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene

at 323 K are 36.9 and 12.3 kPa respectively. (A) Entropy gained by the cold stream is
Assuming that the vapor phase is ideal, the GREATER than entropy lost by the hot
equilibrium pressure (in kPa) of a liquid
stream
mixture containing 90 mol % toluene is
(B) Entropy gained by the cold stream is
(A) 19 (B) 18 EQUAL to the entropy lost by the hot
(C) 16 (D) 15 stream
(C) Entropy gained by the cold stream is
(Gate 2012) LESS than the entropy lost by the hot
stream
77. In a throttling process, the pressure of (D) Entropy gained by the cod stream is
an ideal gas reduces by 50 % if CPand Cv are
ZERO
the heat capacities at constant pressure and
constant volume, respectively    CP / CV ,
80. For an exothermic irreversible
the specific volume will change by a factor of
reaction which one of the following correctly
(A) 2 (B) 21/ 
describes the dependence of the equilibrium
(C) 2  1 /  (D) 0.5 constant (K) with temperature (T) and
pressure (p)?

78. If the temperature of saturated water (A) K is independent of T and P

is increased infinitesimally at constant
entropy the resulting state of water will be (B) K increase with an increase in T and P
(C) K increases with T and decreases with
(A) Liquid P
(B) Liquid- vapor coexistence (D) K decreases with an increase in T and is
(C) Saturated vapor independent of P
(D) Solid
81. An insulated, evacuated container is
79. In a parallel flow heat operating connected to a supply line of an ideal gas at
under steady state hot liquid enters at a pressure Ps, temperature Ts and specific
temperature Th.in and leaves at a volume v s . The container is filled with the
temperature Th,out. liquid enters at a gas until the pressure in the container
temperature Tc,in and leaves at a reaches Ps there is no heat transfer between
the supply line to the container, and kinetic
temperature Tc,out Neglect any heat loss from
and potential energies are negligible. If
the heat exchanger to the surrounding id CP and C1 are the heat capacities at constant
Th,in  TC,in then for a given time interval,
pressure and constant volume respectively
which ONE of the following statements is
   CP / Cv , then the final temperature of
true?
gas in the container is

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(C) (Q − W) is path-independent
(A) Ts (B) Ts (D) (Q+W) is path-independent
(C)    I Ts (D)    1 Ts / 

82. Consider a binary liquid mixture at 85. An equation of state is explicit in

constant temperature T and pressure P. if pressure p and cubic in the specific volume
the enthalpy change of mixing v. At the critical point ‘c’, the isotherm
H  5x1x 2 , where x1and x 2 are the mole passing through ‘c’ satisfies
fraction of species 1 and 2 respectively and p 2 p
(A) 0, 2 0
the entropy change of mixing v v
S    x1In +x2In x2  (with R = 8.314 J /
p 2 p
mol.K) then the minimum value of the (B)  0, 2  0
v v
Gibbs free energy change of mixing at 300 K
occurs when p 2 p
(A) x1  0 (B) x1  0.2 (C) 0, 2 0
v v
(C) x1  0.4 (D) x1  0.5 p 2 p
(D) 0, 2 0
(GATE 2013) v v

83. A gaseous system contains H2, I2, 86. The units of the isothermal
and HI, which participate in the gas-phase compressibility are
reaction 3 1
(A) m (B) Pa
2HI  H2 + I2
3 1 3 1
At a state of reaction equilibrium, the (C) m Pa (D) m Pa
number of thermodynamic degrees of
freedom is_______ 87. In a process occurring in a closed
system F, the heat transferred from F to the
84. The thermodynamic state of a closed surroundings E is 600 J. If the temperature
system containing a pure fluid changes from of E is 300 K and that of F is in the range
(T1, p1) to (T2, p2), where T and p denote the 380 – 400 K, the entropy changes of the
temperature and pressure, respectively. Let surroundings (∆SE) and system (∆SF), in
Q denote the heat absorbed (> 0 if absorbed J/K, are given by
by the system) and W the work done (> 0 if
done by the system). Neglect changes in (A) SE  2 , SF  2
kinetic and potential energies. Which one of
the following is CORRECT? (B) SE  2 , SF  2

(C) SE  2 , SF  2

(A) Q is path-independent and W is path-
dependent (D) SE  2 , SF  2

(B) Q is path-dependent and W is path-

independent 88. A binary liquid mixture is in
equilibrium with its vapor at a temperature

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

T = 300 K. The liquid mole fraction x1 of Group 1 Group 2

species 1 is 0.4 and the molar excess Gibbs I. Arrhenius
free energy is 200 J/mol. The value of the  G 
(P)  
equation
universal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol-K, and  ni T , P , n j i
i γ denotes the liquid-phase activity
coefficient of species i. If ln (γ1) = 0.09, then  G  II. Reaction
the value of ln(γ2), up to 2 digits after the (Q)  
Equilibrium
 ni S ,V , n
decimal point, is j i
constant

  Greaction
0
 III. Chemical
(Gate 2014) (R) exp  
Potential
89. From the following list, identify the  RT 
properties which are equal in both vapour
and liquid phases at equilibrium
(S)  n d 
i i T,P 0 IV. Gibbs –
Duhem equation
P. Density
Q. Temperature
R. Chemical potential (A) Q-III, R-I, S-II
S. Enthalpy (B) Q-III, R-II, S-IV
(C) P-III, R-II, S-IV
(A) P and Q only (B) Q and R only (D) P-III, R-IV, S-I
(C) R and S only (D) P and S only
92. Which ONE of the following is
CORRECT for an ideal gas in a closed
90. In a closed system, the isentropic system?
expansion of an ideal gas with constant
specific heats is represented by
(A)  U  V  nR U 
 V S  S V

(B)   H  P  nR H 
 P S  S  P

(C)  U  V  nR H 
 V S  S  P

(D)  H  P  nR U 
 P S  S V

93. Consider a binary liquid mixture at

equilibrium with its vapour at 250 C
Antoine equation for this system is given as
B
91. Match the following log10pisat A - where t is in 0C and P in
tc
Torr.

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

The Antoine constant (A, B, and C) for the 95. For a gas phase cracking reaction A
system are guven in the following table →B + C at 300OC, the Gibbs free energy of
Component A B C the reaction at this temperature is
1 7.0 1210 230 GO  2750 J / mol . The pressure is 1 bar
and the gas phase can be assumed to be
2 6.5 1206 223
ideal. The universal gas constant R =
The vapor phase is assumed to be ideal and 8.314J/mol. K. The fractional molar
the activity coefficients (γi) for the non ideal conversion of A at equilibrium is:
liquid phjase are given by
(A) 0.44 (B) 0.50
In (γ1) = x22[ 2-0.6 x1]
(C) 0.64 (D) 0.80
In (γ2) = x12 [1.7 + 0.6x2]
96. For a pure liquid, the rate of change
If the mole fraction of component 1 in liquid of vapour pressure with temperature is 0.1
phase (x1) is 0.1 then the mole fraction of bar/K in the temperature range of 300 to
component 1 in vapor phase (y1) is ……… 350 K. if the boiling point of the liquid at 2
bar is 320 K, the temperature (in K) at
which it will boil at 1 bar (up to one decimal
(Gate 2015) place) is ______
94. If v, u, s and g represent respectively
the molar volume, molar internal energy, 97. Three identical closed systems of a
molar entropy and molar Gibbs free energy, pure gas are taken from an initial
then match the entries in the left and right temperature and pressure (T1, P1) to a final
columns below and choose the correct state (T2, P2), each by a different path.
option. Which of the following in Always true for
u (I) Temperature the three systems? (∆ represents the change
(P)   
 v  S between the initial and final states: U, S, G,
Q and W are internal energy, entropy, Gibbs
g  (II) Pressure
(Q)   free energy, heat added and work done,
 P T
respectively.)
g  (III) V
(R)   
 T P (A) ∆U, ∆S, Q are same

 u  (IV) S (B) W, ∆U, ∆G are same

(S)   
 s V (C) ∆S, W, Q are same
(D) ∆G, ∆U, ∆S are same
(A) P - II, Q - III, R - IV, S - I
(B) P - II, Q - IV, R - III, S - I 98. Which of the following can change if
(C) P - I, Q - IV, R - II, S - III only the catalyst is changed for a reaction
(D) P - III, Q - II, R - IV, S - I system?
(A) Enthalpy of reaction
(B) Activation energy

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers
(C) Free energy of the reaction
(D) Equilibrium constant
99. An ideal gas is initially at a pressure
of 0.1 MPa and a total volume of 2m 3. It is
first compressed to 1MPa by a reversible
adiabatic process and then cooled at
constant pressure to a final volume of
0.2m3. The total work done (in kJ) on the
gas for the entire process (up to one decimal
place) is ______
Data: R = 8.314 J/mol-K; heat capacity at
constant pressure (CP) = 2.5R
100. Given that molar residual Gibbs free
energy, gR, and molar residual volume VR,
are related as
gR P v 
R
RT 0  RT 
   dP,
Find gR at T = 27 0C and P = 0.2MPa. The
gas may be assumed to follow the viral
equation of state, Z = 1+BP/RT, where B= -
10 – 4 m3/mol at the given conditions
(R = 8.314 J/mol-K). The value of gR in
J/mol is:
(A) 0.08 (B) −2.4
(C) 20 (D) −20
101. A binary mixture of components (1)
and (2) forms an azeotrope at 1300C and x1
= 0.3. the liquid phase non-ideality is
described by In 1  Ax 22 and In 1, 2 are the
activity coefficient and x1 , x2 are the liquid
phase mole fractions. For both
components, the fugacity coefficients are
0.9 at the isotropic composition. Saturated
vapor pressures are at 1300C are P1sat = 70
bar, P2sat= 30 bar
46 The Gate Coach |All Rights Reserved
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The total pressure in bars for the above
azeotropic system (up to two decimal
places) is
(Gate 2016)
102. The partial molar enthalpy (in
kJ/mol) of species 1 in a binary mixture is
given by h1  2  60 x2  100 x1x2 , where
2 2
x1 and x2 are the mole fractions of species 1
and 2, respectively. The partial molar
enthalpy (in kJ/mol, rounded off to the first
decimal place) of species 1 at infinite
dilution is ________
103. A binary liquid mixture of benzene
and toluene contains 20 mol% of benzene.
At 350 K the vapour pressures of pure
benzene and pure toluene are 92 kPa and 35
kPa, respectively. The mixture follows
Raoult’s law. The equilibrium vapour phase
mole fraction (rounded off to the second
decimal place) of benzene in contact with
this liquid mixture at 350 K is _____
104. An ideal gas is adiabatically and
irreversibly compressed from 3 bar and 300
K to 6 bar in a closed system. The work
required for the irreversible compression is
1.5 times the work that is required for
reversible compression from the same
initial temperature and pressure to the same
final pressure. The molar heat capacity of
the gas at constant volume is 30 J mol‒1 K‒1
(assumed to be independent of
temperature); universal gas constant, R is
8.314 J mol‒1 K‒1; ratio of molar heat
capacities is 1.277. The temperature (in K,
rounded off to the first decimal place) of the
gas at the final state in the irreversible
compression case is _______
105. A gas obeying the Clausius equation
of state is isothermally compressed from 5
MPa to 15 MPa in a closed system at 400 K.
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

The Clausius equation of state is 107. The volumetric properties of two

RT gases M and N described by the generalized
P where P is the pressure, T is compressibility chart which expresses the
v  b(T )
compressibility factor (Z) as a function of
the temperature, v is the molar volume and
reduced pressure and reduced temperature
R is the universal gas constant. The
only. The operating pressure (P) and
parameter b in the above equation varies
temperature (T) of two gases M and N
with temperature as b(T )  b0  b1T with b0 along with their critical properties (PC,Tc)
= 4 × 10‒5 m3mol‒1 and b1 = 1.35 × 10‒7 are given in the table below.
m3mol‒1K‒1. The effect of pressure on the
Gas P T (K) PC TC
molar enthalpy (h) at a constant
temperature is given by (bar) (bar) (K)
 h   v  M 25 300 75 150
   v T  . Let hi and hf denote
 P T  T  N 75 1000 225 500
the initial and final molar enthalpies, ZM and ZN are the compressibility factor of
respectively. The change in the molar the gases M and N under the given
enthalpy (in J mol‒1, rounded off to the first operating conditions respectively.
decimal place) for this process is ______
The relation between ZM and ZN is
106. A binary system at a constant
(a) ZM  8ZN (b) ZM  3ZN
pressure with species ‘1’ and ‘2’ is described
by the two-suffix Margules equation,
(c) ZM  ZN (d) ZM  0.333ZN
gE
 3x1x2 ,where g E is the molar excess
RT
108. Water is heated at atmospheric
Gibbs free energy, R is the universal gas
pressure from 400C to 800 C using two
constant, T is the temperature and x1 and x2 different process. In process I, the heating is
are the mole fractions of species 1 and 2, done by a source at 800C. In process II, the
respectively. water is first heated form 400C to 600C by a
g1 g source at 600C, and then from 600C to 800 C
At a temperature T, = 1 and 2 = 2,
RT RT by another source at 800C. Identify the
where g1 and g 2 are the molar Gibbs free correct statement.

energies of pure species 1 and 2, (a) Enthalpy change of water in process I is

respectively. At the same temperature, g greater than enthalpy change in process II
represents the molar Gibbs free energy of
the mixture. For a binary mixture with 40 (B) Enthalpy change of water in process II is
mole % of species 1, the value (rounded off greater than enthalpy change in process I
g (c) Process I is closer to reversibility
to the second decimal place) of is
RT
(d) Process II is closer to reversibility
(Gate 2017)
109. The vapour pressure of a pure
substance at a temperature T is 30 bar. The

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

actual and ideal gas values of g /RT for the 113. Consider the following properties: (P)
saturated vapour at this temperature T and temperature (Q) specific gravity (R)
30 bar are 7.0 and 7.7 respectively. Here, g
chemical potential (S) volume. The option
is the molar Gibbs free energy and R is the
universal gas constant the fugacity of the which lists ALL the intensive properties is
saturated liquid at these conditions,
rounded to 1 decimal place is ___bar (A) P (B) P and Q

110. The pressure of a liquid is increased (C) P, Q, and R (D) P, Q, R and S

isothermal compressibility. the molar
volume of the liquid decreases from 50.45  114. In a closed piston-cylinder system,
10-6 m3/mol to 48  10-6 m3/mol during this methane was observed to obey the following
process. The isothermal compressibility of equation of state P(V-nb) = nRT where b =
the liquid is 10-9 Pa-1, which can be assumed 0.029 m3/mol. The temperature and volume
to be independent of pressure The change in are 500°C and 5 m3 respectively for 100
the molar Gibbs free energy of the liquid, moles of methane. At this state of the
rounded to nearest integer, is ____J/mol. system, the isobaric rate of change of
temperature with volume is (0C/m3) _____
111. A sparingly soluble gas (solute) is in
(rounded off to second decimal place).
equilibrium with a solvent at 10 bar. The
mole fraction of the solvent in the gas phase 115. G denotes the Gibbs free energy of a
is 0.01 At the operating temperature and binary mixture, nT denotes the total number
pressure, the fugacity coefficient of the
of moles present in the system, 1 is the
solute in the gas phase and the Henry’s law
constant are 0.92 and 1000 bar, chemical potential of the component
respectively. Assume that the liquid phase
obeys Henry’s law. The mole percentage of ( 1  0 and 1 2 ), xi is the mole
the salute in the liquid phase rounded to 2 fraction of the component. The correct
decimal places, is ____ G
variation of (J/mol) at constant temperature
nT
(Gate 2018)
and pressure is given by
112.Under isothermal condition, a vertical
tube of length L = 100 m contains a gas of
molecular weight equal to 60. The pressure
and temperature at the top of the tube are
100 kPa and 250C respectively. Consider the
universal gas constant and acceleration due
to gravity as 8.314 J mol-1 K-1 and 9.81 m s-
2respectively. If the gas is ideal, the pressure
(in kPa) at the bottom of the tube will be
______

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Answer Key Table

1 C 21 B 41 D

2 B 22 A 42 C

3 D 23 B 43 B

4 A 24 B 44 A

5 A 25 B 45 B

6 C 26 B 46 A

7 B 27 D 47 D

8 D 28 A 48 A

9 D 29 D 49 B

10 B 30 C 50 A

11 B 31 A 51 C

12 B 32 C 52 C

13 C 33 D 53 C

14 B 34 B 54 B

15 B 35 A 55 C

16 C 36 B 56 D

17 1.249 = 1.26 37 D 57 C

18 D 38 C 58 C

19 A 39 B 59 D

20 B 40 B 60 B

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

61 B 79 A 97 D

62 B 80 D 98 B

63 C 81 A 99 750 kJ

64 B 82 A 100 D

65 D 83 3 101 27.54

66 C 84 C 102 -58

67 D 85 D 103 0.396

68 D 86 B 104 373 K

69 C 87 A 105 400 J /mol

70 C 88 0.0736 106 1.64

71 A 89 B 107 C

72 B 90 D 108 D

73 D 91 C 109 14.9

74 B 92 D 110 2511.4

75 C 93 0.693 111 0.91

76 C 94 A 112 102.375

77 B 95 D 113 C

78 A 96 310 K 114 368.116

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Solutions
M – Molar flow rates
(Gate 2001)
1. Sol. C
a = U – Ts
 , yi P   i x f i i
0
da = dU – T.ds - s dT

yi da = (T ds – Pdv ) – T ds – s d T
Ki  = equilibrium constant form
xi da = - P dv – sdT
equation
 a   a 
 f0 Now     P and     s
Ki  i i  V T  T v
i P
  a      a    s 
Where:  I = liquid phase activity coefficient =  T           
  V T  v  V  T v  T  V T
f (T, p, xi)

f i0 = fugacity of pure component = f (T, p)  P   s 

Therefore,    
 T V  V T
i = Vapopur fugacity coefficient = f (T, P)
“a” is a state function 
 Ki = f (T , P, xi)  a  a

T V V T
T V VT

2. Sol. B
4. Sol.A
Given adiabatic and reversible means
isentropic Clausius – clapeyron equation

So, S  0 P vap
H vap  1 1 
   
T2
In
H  Ws (shaft work)  0 P vap
T1
R  T1 T2 

For methyl cyclohexane

3. Sol. D
In
P vap
1500

H MCH
vap
 1

1 
Notification a – molar Helmholtz free energy P vap
1000
R 
 373 423 
U – Molar internal energy
For water
g – molargibbs free energy

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(P vap )1500 H vap  1 1   2 P   P

In  w
 At critical point  2 
  0
(P vap )1000 
R  373 423    V T   V T

(P vap )1500 MCH H MCH

vap Critical point is a state at which no phase
Divide equation In  boundaries exist
(P vap )1000 MCH H vap
w

(P vap )1500 W 7. Sol. B

In
(P vap )1000 W Gibbs phase rule

Given F = C – P + 2 –r-s

Given
P 
vap
1000 MCH
 (p VAP
)1000 w  1 atm H vap
W  40.63 kJ / mol
C = No. of component = 2 (water and ethanol)
H vap
MCH  31.55 kJ / mol (P )1500 W  4.69 atm
vap

P = No. of phase = 2 (liquid and vapour)

r =No. of independent chemical reaction=0

In  P vap 
31.55
0
 In (P vap )1500 w 
150 MCH 40.63 s = 1, for a zero tropic mixture
In  P vap  0
31.55
 In (4.69)  So, F = 2 – 2 + 2 - 0 – 1 = 1
150 MCH 40.63
In  P  0
vap
 3.320 8. Sol. (D)
150 MCH

9. Sol. (D)

5. Sol. A Values of V, S, U, h are given for differential

temperature at constant pressure therefore
 1
T P    V  S 
For adiabatic process 2   2      
T1  P1    T P  P T

P2 Can be used easily for verify steam data for

Given; 3 super heated steam.
P1
7 10. Sol. (b)
 T1  300 K
5
Isentropic means adiabatic reversible
7 
 1
5  Sin  Sout
7 2
T2 6.65  Si  x(Sv  S )
So, 3 5
T2  300  3 7
300
6.65 1.4336  x(7.2234  1.4336)
(Gate 2002) x  0.90
6. Sol. C
Mixture of saturated liquid and volume
mixture with quality 0.90

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11. Sol. B 8

1 8.314  600  In     10373.08
Heat required for constant volume 1

Q = n CP (T2 – T1) + ve sign shows work done by the system

= 3 x 29.1 x (250 – 30) = 19206 J

15. Sol. B

 f  V
12. Sol. B

ln  sat   l p  psat
 f  RT

For adiabatic process
putting values,
H 2S2 O7 ( )  H 2 O ( )  2H 2SO 4 ( )
 f 
T V 
So, 2   1 
ln  
T1  V2   6738.9kPa 
cm3
  9000  8592.7  kPa
C
r p 
CP

21
 1.655 25.28
Vv CP  R 21  8.314  mol
kPa.cm3
r 1 8314.6  573.15K
V 
 T2  T1  1  mol.K
 V2  f  6753.5kPa
(1.655 1)
1
 500   V2  5 V1 (given)
5
174.24 K 16. Sol. C
T2
(Gate 2003) H   n Cp dT
13. Sol. C T1

 1 P 
Kopp’s rule Molar heat capacity of a solid of a Cp  26.693  7.365F(T,P)  Fsat (p) exp   V dP 
solid substance can be obtained by adding the  RT Ps 
particular value for the various atoms in the  V (P  Ps ) 
formula of the substance  Fsat   
 RT 
H Li Be B C N O F other
10 21 15 13 8 18 20 26 J / deg mole 25.28 106  (9000 103  8592.7 103 )
 6738.9  exp
8.314  573
14. Sol. B  6753.48 6753.5103 T Given
For isothermal process for n  1

 P1 
Work done = n RT In  
 P2 

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 1 P   303.61   303.61 
(26.693  7.365F(T,P)  Fsat (p) exp   V dP   5  0.4  In    40  4.18  In  
 RT Ps   773   298 
T2  V (P  Ps )    1.869  3.118 1.249  1.26
F
H   sat  RT 
T1
25.28 106  (9000 103  8592.7 103 )
 6738.9  exp 18. Sol. D
8.314  573
 6753.48 6753.5103 T) dT Carnot engine efficiency
T1  T2 800  300
c    0.625
T1 800
7.365 103 2 T2
H  26.693T ITT12  T IT1
2
Thermal efficiency = H  0.5  c
7.365 103 2
H  26.693 (T2  T1 )   T2  T12 
2  0.5  0.625  0.3125

Given ;T1  5000 C  77 K work done by actual engine W

 H   0.3125
T2  1000 C  173K Heat absorbed by engine Q
T2   1000 C  173K W  100000 kW
7.365 103
H  26.693 (173  773)  (1732  7732 )
2 100000
H   18105.987 J Q   320000 kW
0.3125
H  18.11 KJ
19. Sol. A
Here negative sign indicates heat is given off.
y1p   1x1p1vap ; ; 1 stands for methanol
17. Sol. (c)
activity coefficient
By energy balance
y1p 0.5714  39.223
1    1.572
Heat given by block = heat taken by water vap
x1p1 0.1686  84.562

 m C T  T 
P i f Block
  m CP  Tf  Ti  water 20. Sol. B
Given; TiBlock  500  273  773k; Mass of water condensed + mass of water
Tiwater  25  273  298 K vaporization = mass of liquid and vapor (1 lg)

5  0.4  (773  Tf )  40  4.18  (Tf  298) Mass of water condensed = 1 – mass of water
Tf  303.61 K vaporization

 specific vol. of mix  specific vol. of sat. liq 

Stotal  SBlock  Swater 1   
 specific vol. of sat. vap.  spefific vol. of sat. liq 
Tf Tf  mass of liq. vapour
 m CP In Block  mCP In
Ti Ti
 1.673 1  0.001 
water

1     1  0.0065 kg
 1.789  0.001 

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21. Sol. B Since as P  0, f  p

 f / p 1
Clausius – clapeyron equation Hence (b) is the correct answer.

dp 

dT T V 24. Sol. (B)
It is a case of free expansion,
V  specific volume change
1 Q2  0, 1 w 2  0 and
therefore u2  u1  0 i.e.  (T2  T1 )  0
 Vv  V 
 andT2  T1  298 k
Hence(B)iscorrect answer
Vv  1.789 m3 / kg and V  0.001 m3 / kg
Vv  .V
V  Vv 25. Sol. (B)
dp  The system consists of two non-reacting
 species in two phases, if there were no
dT TVv
zoetrope then
Assume satdvap. As an ideal gas F  2  Nr  2 2 20  2
But is azeotropic mixer, this provides on an
RT additional equation xi  yi
 Vv 
P
Thus we have to use equation
dP P F  2 Nr S

dT T RT F = 2  2  2  0 1  1
Hence (b) is the correct answer.

(Gate 2004)
26. (B)
For ideal gas PV = RT
22. (A)
Given: p1  300kPa, T1 =300K
For an ideal gas mixture undergoing a
reversible gas phase chemical reaction, P2  330 KPa, T2 =?
Consider a A+b B  cC  dD P1 T1
For constant volume process, 
The equilibrium constant is given by, P2 T2
Pc c .pD d 300 300
Kp   
PA a .pbb 330 T2
 T2 = 330
Change in internal energy, U = Cv T
23. (B)
= 21 (332-300) = 630 J/mol
As the pressure approaches zero the ratio of Change in internal energy = 630 J/mol
fugacity to pressure (f/p) for a gas
approaches.

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27. (D) N2  202  2NO2 G0  100 kJ / mol ...(i)

P(v  b)  RT 1
NO  O 2  NO 2 G0   35 kJ / mol ...(ii)
2
RT
P  Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we have
vb
vf 2NO  O2  2NO2 G0  70 kJ / mol ... (iii)
vf RT
w 2   PdV   dv Substracting equation (iii) from (i),w e get
v b
1 vi
vi

v b
N2  2O2  2NO2 ; G0  100kJ / mol
 RT n f Hence
vi  b 2NO  O2  2NO; G0  ( 70kJ / mol)
D  is the correct answer N2  O2  2NO2  0; G0  170 kJ / mol
N2  O 2  2NO; G0  170 kJ / mol
Thus for one mole of NO, G  85 kJ / mol
0
28. Sol. (A)
Efficiency of the cycle =
W .D   H.S (Gate 2005)
 T   373 
 1  2   Q  1    1000
 T1   573 
 349.04 J 31. (A)
Hence  A  is the correct answer Vander Waals equation of state at the critical
point (A) Is the correct answer
200
 1000 
 Maximum work obtained 573
 349.04 32. (C)

Hence (A) is the correct answer, The efficiency of a heat engine increases as
the temperature of the heat source is
increased while keeping the temperature of
29. Sol. (D) the heat sink fixed. (C) is the correct answer
Given vapor pressure relation is,
5000
ln PSAT  A  , 33. (D)
T
we know that
psat  1atm, at T  1000 C
5000
ln (1) =A 
373
5000
 A =
373
5000 500
lnPsat  
373 323
Psat  0.1255
p 2 v 2  p3 v 3
w 3  w1 
 1
2
30. Sol. (C)
R(T2  T3 )
given that 
 1

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R(TH  TL ) 2 Ideal Gas Equation of state,

 b  4ac
2 p1v1  nR T1
p4 v 4  p1v1
4 w1  w 2  p1v1 100  103  700  106
 1 n   0.01684 mol
RT1 8.314  500
R(T4  T1 )
 constant pressure process,
 1
 1 Q2  n H2  H1   n 50 (T2  T1 )
R(TL  TH )

 1
 100  0.01684  50  (T2  500)
R(TH  TL )
  T2  618.76 K
 1
For constant pressure,
Thus w1 = – w2
V1 V2
 
Hence (D) is the correct answer T1 T2
V1 T2 700  106  619
V2  
34. Sol. (B) T1 500
Putting the given values, we have  V2  866.6  106 m3
2
 A
ln(1.4) 1    A 37. Sol. (D)
 3B 
2 We know that
 A
 1  3B   3A ...(i)
  1 Q2  1 w 2  (U2  U1 )
 3B 
2
U2  U1 1 Q2  p(V2  V1 )
and, ln(1.25) 1    B
 A 100 100  1013 (866.26  700) 1616
2
 3B   83.374 J
 1  A   4.5B (ii)
 
(D)is thecorrect answer
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get A=3, B=0.5

(Gate 2006)
35. (A) Power required =
 n 1
1 
  p2  n 
p1 v1   38. Sol. (C)
 p1  
n  
 F = C-P+2: Here c=2 (benzene and toluene),
n 1 Comp
P=2 (liquid and vapour). Therefore, F=2
1.25 (1.013  105 ) 34  .25 
     1.25  F=C-P+2-0-0
.25 .85 80  4  1 
=2-2+2-0-0=2
107.88  103 w
107.88 kW
(A)is thecorrect answer 39. Sol . (B)
We know that

36. Sol. B)
We know that

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 T 
 0.75 1  L 
 T   
ln PA sat  6.2 
2758
400
 3
 0.75 1  
 5  PA sn.  0.49907
w
 0.3 
q
The deviation obtained in step ( A ) is,
(B)is thecorrect answer

Applying Roult ' s Law and applying it all

options maximum deviation is obtained,
40. (B) we know that x A  0.5; PA  0.5
T1 T2
1
 1

p1  p2 
43. (B) Given:
1

T1 p  r
Compressiblity Factor, Z 
v realgas
 1  v idealgas
T2  p2  where, v  specific volume m3 / mol  

According to the problem,
 T1  p11

   1
v realgas  mol  0.030 mol
m3

 T2  p2 33 m3
J
RT 8.314 mol  373 K 1 atm
(B)is the correct answer v idealgas   
p 1 atm 101325 Pa
 0.0306 mol
3
m

41. Sol. D 0.0300

 Z   1.0
0.0306
(a) (ii)
(Gate 2007)
(b) (i)
(c) (ii)
44. Sol. (A)
(d) (i)
For an immiscible mixture, the boiling point
Hence (D) is the correct answer
of the mixture is always less than the boiling
point of each individual component. (See the
42. (C) concept of steam distillation of high boiling
organic compounds)  (A) Is the correct
given that
answer

45. Sol. (B)

46. Sol. (A)

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Every process proceeds in such direction that

total entropy change associated with it will be 53. Sol. (C)
positive.  (A) is the correct answer We have:
For the given reaction
47. Sol. (D) is the correct answer G0  RT ln k
putting values,
48. Sol. (A) is the correct answer.
 J   J 
 4000 mol     8.314 mol.k  400k  ln k
49. Sol. (B) is the correct answer    
 k  0.3
50. Sol. (A)
& here we know that
Given,
K p  K y .p 
du = Tds – Pdv
 K y  K p .p
This is an exact differential equation, so
y C2H5OH
 T   P  Where, K y 
     y C2H4 .yH2o
  s  s v
K p  K  0.3
(A) Is the correct answer
  1  1  1  1
  
y C2H5OH   
51. Sol. (C) is the correct answer 2
 1  
yH2O   
52. Sol. (C) We know that 2
 1  
y C2H4   
2
on solving we get : 
( 2  )
 0.9  0
1   
2

54. Sol. (B)

Vapor liquid equilibrium relationship is given

1 q2  T (s2  s2 )  448 (6.622  77.055) by

  193.9984 kJ / kg yi p  xi i pisat.
u2  u1  21579  2606   27 kJ / kg
Hence, for water in liquid phase activity coefficient,
1 q2  1 w 2  (u2  u1 ) 0.2  60  0.5   i  20
kJ
1 w 2   193.484  27   166.984  i  1.2
kg
1 W2  m 1 w 2  2  ( 166.984) 55. Sol. (C)
  333.968 kJ Activity coefficient of Methanol in liquid
ve sign indicates that work is reqd.
phase,
hence,  C  is the correct answer

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0.8  60 = 5   i  85 vf  b  1 1 
 RTln a  
i = 1.129. vi  b  v f vi 
GE (D)is thecorrect answer
 x1 ln 1  x 2 ln  2
RT
GE = 8.314  333  0.5  {ln 1.2+ln 1.129}
= 420.34 60. Sol. (B)
= 422 J/mol We know that
56. Sol. (D) dV
V2  V  x1
it is a case of free expansion temperature dx1
remains same i.e. 1000 C.
 V  220 x1  180(1  x1 )  (1  x1 )x1 ( 40x1  50)
(D) Is the correct answer
(x 2 1  x1 )
 V  90x1  10x12  40x13  180
57. Sol. (C)
x1dV
Isothermal compression,   90x1  20x12  120 x12
dx1
v2 2
1 w 2  p1 v1 ln b  4ac hence,
v1
 V2  80 x13  10 x12  180
v
 p 2 v 2 ln 2
v1 At x1 = 0.7 and x 2 = 0.3
0.2
 6 100  0.2 ln
0.6  V2 = 212.34
  131.83 kJ

– ve sign indicates that work is reqd.

61. Sol. (B)
(C) Is the correct answer
G0 298  4650J / mol
(Gate 2008)
H0 298  3640J / mol
58. Sol. (C) G0   RT lnK
TL 298  G   RT lnK
COP   19.87
TH  TL 313  298 4550
 lnK 
Hence, (C) Is the correct answer 8.314  298
 K  6.274 at 298K
K1 H  1 1
59. Sol. (D) We know, ln    
k2 R  T1 T2 
Real gas equation is
6.274 3640  1 1 
 ln  
 a 
 p  2  (V  b)  RT K2 8.314  298 368 

 V 
 K  4.94
vf Vf  RT a 
1 w 2  v PdV    2  dv
i vi
 V b v 
a
vf
62. Sol. (B)
 RT ln(v  b)  a
V vi

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

yi  P from equation (1),

Activity coefficient i  dln  2
xi  piv  x2  2 1  x1  x1
dx 2
 At Azeotrope y1  x1 dln  2
or, 1  x1   2 1  x1  x1
p 1.013
 dx1 
1    1.15 dln  2
p1v 0.878   2x1
dx1
p 1.013
2    1.52  ln  2   x 21
p2v 0.665

66. Sol. (C)

we have
63. Sol. (C)
Cp  C V  R
we have
5
 0.48 ln(1.52) 
2 Cv  Cp  R  R  R
A  1   ln(1.15)  1.12
2
 0.62 ln(1.15)  3
 R
 0.62 ln(1.15 
2
2
B  1   ln(1.52)  1.00
 0.48 ln(1.52)  Cp 5
 
Cv 3
p1v1  p 2 v 2
(Gate 2009) W.D 
(r  1)Mech
R  T1  T2 
64. Sol. (B) 
(r  1)Mech
8.314 (300  600)

65. Sol. (D) 2
 0.5
The thermodynamics consistency of activity 3
coefficients for a binary mixture can be   7482.6J / mol
cheeked by Gibbs-Duhem equation,   7.4826 kJ / mol
dln 1 dln  2
x1  x2 (1) Here, –ve sign indicates that work is reqd.
dx1 dx 2
for all options, ln 1  1  2x1  x12
and we have to find ln 2 : 67. Sol. (C)
dln 1 T1 T2
hence,  0  2  2x1  2 1  x1  1
 1
dx1  
p1 p2
dln 1
 x1  2 1  x1  x1
dx1 p2 T 
 2 
p1  T1 
5/ 3
 600  2 / 3
p 2 1  
 30 
5
 2 2 bar

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(D) Is the correct answer

70. Sol. (C)
(Gate 2010) Given:

68. Sol. (D)

for Binary solution x1 + x2 = 1
For equimolar mixture, x1 = x2 = 0.5
From Raoult’s law,
p1  x1p1sat F = 1 kg
p 2  x 2p sat
2 P = 1500 kPa
p  p1  p2
T = 500 K
p  x1p1sat  x 2psat
2
(1-x)kg
 0.5  180  0.5  120
Hp = 750 kJ/kg,
p  150kpa
T = 300 k, P = 150 kPa
p1  x1p1sat
y1p  x1p1sat Hc = 500 kJ/kg
xpsat
0.5  180 Take energy balance
y1  1 1

p 150
Input heat = vapor heat + liquid. Heat
y1  0.6
F. HF = x Hv + (1-x) Hl
750 = x  2500 + (1-x) 500

69. Sol. (C) Solve it for x

x = 0.125 =12.5%

71. Sol. (A)

1 1
V 
P 1  X2

At infinite dilution, x1  x 2  1
dv  1 
 V1  V  X 2  
dx1  1  x 2 

1  1 
  x2  
C0 S  200 1  x2  1  x2 

100  0 400  200 1 d  1 
S  500 =  x2  
2 dx1  2  x1 
C (500  200)
   1.5 1 1
100 (400  200) =  x2 ( 1)
2 ( 2  x1 )2
C  150 C 0

= 0.75
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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

(Gate 2011) 77. Sol. (B)

Throttling process  adiabatic process
72. Sol. (B) PV   cons tant
For ideal mixture.

according to randall rule for an ideal gas P1 V  P1
f  yi .fi   1   0.5
î P2  V2  P2
putting this for two component into given equation V2
 21/ 
W   RT0  y1 ln y1  y 2 ln y 2  V1

hence, (B) is the correct answer.

78. Sol. (A)

73. Sol. (D)
At constant entropy, no phase change, hence
Hmix  x1H1  x2 H2 state of water is liquid
Hence A is correct answer

1 1 2 2
x1   x2   79. Sol. (A)
1 2 3 1 2 3
H1  3600 X 22 1600  s system   ssurr 0
H2  3600 x  400 2
1
Q Q
1 2   00
 Hmix   1600   400  800  TM TL 
3 3 Q Q

TL TH
74. (B)
Thus entropy change of cold fluid is
Isothermal expansion more than that of hot fluid .
p1 Hence(A)is thecorrect answer
1 Q2  1 w 2  nRTln
p2 80. Sol. (D)
8 Equilibrium constant is only being function of
1 8.314  100 ln temperature according to Van’t Hoff equation,
4
 5762.8 J (D) is answer
 5.762 kJ
(B) is thecorrect answer 81. Sol. (A)
we have
75. Sol. (C) is the correct answer.

76. Sol. (C) given:

(Gate 2012)

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1 Q2  m1 h1  m'u'  1 w s2  m2 h2  m"u"
Q2  0 ,m'  0, 1 w s2  0,m2  0   ln 1  x1 
1  1  x1  ln 1  x1    1  x1 
m1h1  m"u" x 1 x 1

m1  m"  1  x1 
 ln 1  x1 
h1  u" x 1

Cp Ts  Cv T "  1  ln 1  x1  1

T "  γTs   1  ln 1  x1  

Hence(A)is thecorret answer   G 
  5  10 x1  RT 1  ln x1  1  ln 1  x1  
x1
x1
82. (A) we have  0  5  10 x1  RT ln
 x1 
1 
H  5x1 x 2 and S  R  x1 ln x1  x 2 ln x 2  on solving, we get x1  0.5
we know that
G  H  TS
(Gate 2013)
or G  H  TS  ST
at Constant T,  T  0 
83. Sol. 3
G  H  TS
G  5x1 x 2  T  R  x1 ln x1  x 2 ln x 2   The degree of freedom is given as

 G  5x1 x 2  RT  x1 ln x1  x 2 ln x 2  F=C–P+2–r–s=3–1+2–1–0=3


 G  5x1 1  x1   RT x1 ln x1  1  x1  ln 1  x1  

 G  5x1  5x 1  RT x1 ln x1  1  x1  ln 1  x1 
2
 84. Sol. (C)
from First Law of Thermodynamics,
  G
for G to be minimum 0 Q  W  U
x1
thus, U = internal energy which solely depends
only on initial and final temperature. It is
  G    
  5  10x 1  RT   x1 ln x1  independent of path.
x1  x 1 

RT 1  x1  ln 1  x1   85. Sol. (D)
x 1 
we know that, at critical point
here,
  ln x1 x   2P   P  b  b2  4ac
  x1 ln x1   x1  ln x1 1  2   0
x 1 x 1 x 1  V T  V T 2a
 1  ln x1  Hence, (D) is correct answer
86. Sol. (B)
87. Sol. (A)
Given that

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Tsurr  300 K, Heat transferred from system B

Form given Antoine equation log10 = A - ,
to suurounding, tC
Q  600 J calculate vapor pressure of both component
Entropy change of surrounding, 1210
log10 P1sat  7 
Q 600 25  230
SE    2 KJ
Tsurr 300 P1sat  177.8 torr
As we know Suniverse 0 1206
SE  SF  0
for component 2, log10 P2sat  6.5 
or 25  22.3
 SE  SF P2sat  43.35 torr
 SF   2 J
K
Given x1  0.11 and x 2  0.89

88. Sol. 0.0736 In(y1 )  x 22 [2  0.6x1 ]

We know that  0.892 [2  0.6x0.11]

1.53
GE
  xi ln  i  x1 ln 1  x 2 ln  2
RT y1  4.63
 x 2  1  x1  1  0.4  0.6  In(y 2 )  x12 [1.7  0.6x 2 ]
200
   0.4  0.09    0.6  ln  2  0.112 [1.7  0.6  0.89]
8.314  300
 0.027
 ln  2  0.0736
y 2  1.02
from modified Roult ' s law component 1 and 2
(Gate 2014) y1 P  x1y1 P1s and y 2 P  x 2 y 2 P2s
y1P x y Ps
 1 1 1s
y 2P x 2 y 2P2
89. Sol. (B)
90. Sol. (D) y1 0.11  4.63  177.8

1  y1 0.89  1.02  43.35
for isentropic expansion
 0.693
PV   cons tan t
(Gate 2015)
Taking log on both sides
In P  In V  0
In P 94. Sol. (A)
    negative
In V
 is positive slope of In P vs In V is negative
We know that
Hence, (C) is correct answer We have
du  Tds  pdv
91. Sol. (C)
and dg  vdp  sdT
92. Sol. (D) u u
So,  P   P
v s v s
u
T
s v
93. Sol. 0.6925
g g
V and S
p T T P

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95. Sol. (D)

we have
A   B  C
at t  0, 1 0 0
Let   fraction of A connverted
at t  t 1   
98. Sol. (B)
Thus,
yB y C Catalyst changes the activation energy of the
KP  P
yA reaction
     Hence, (B) is correct answer.
 1    1   
KP     P   P
2

1   1  2
1   99. Sol. 750
 
Also, Given:
 G O
lnK     1  2 : Reversible adiabatic process
 RT 
 2750  2  3 : Reversible isobaric process
K  exp  
 8 . 314  573  Given
K  1.78
P1  0.1 MPa
2
so,  1.78    0.80  105 Pa
1  2
v 1  2m3
96. Sol. 310 P2  106 Pa  P3
We have V3  0.2 m3

dP CP  2.5 R So Cv  1.5 R
Given  0.1  dP  0.1dT 2.5
dT   CP / Cv   1.667
 P  0.1T  c (i) 1.5
for process 1  2 : P1 V1  P2 V2
Given at T  320 K, P  2 bar
1
2  0.1  320  c P    105  1
V2   1  V1  2x  6  1.667
 c  30  P2   10 
equation (i) becomes  V2  0.50 m 2

P  0.1 T  30
Work done on for process 1-2
 T  310 K
P1 V1  P2 V2 0.1X106 x2  106 x106 x 0.5
w 12  
 1 0.667
97. Sol. (D)  w 12   450kJ
work done for process 2  3
we have
w 2  3  PV
U, S, and G are state variables (point
 106 X(0.2  0.5)
functions)
 300kJ
So U, S and G
Net work done = 450+350=750 kJ
Remain same between two states 1 and 2.

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h1   58
100. Sol. (D)
103. Sol. 0.396
gR P VR
Given
RT
  0 RT
dP From Raoult’s law

ZRT RT RT p i  xi . piv
we know, V  V  VR 1g
   (Z  1)
P P P
V R (Z  1)
pi p
or  & we’ yi   i
RT P p  pi
BP (Z  1) B
And Z  1    Mol fraction of benzene in vapor phase is
RT P RT
gR P B
xBpBV
RT 0 ERT
so,  dp pB
 yB  
xBPBV  x T pTT
m3 given by p i
gR  B(P  0)   104 x 0.2x106 Pa 0.2  92
mol   0.396
gR   20J / mol 0.2  92  0.8  35

101. Sol. 27.52 104. Sol. 373

The general VLE equation We know that
For component 1 Wirr  1.5 Wrev
1y1P  x11P1s ............................eq.1 (Change in I.E.)irr = 1.5 (change in I.E.)rev
2 y 2P  x  P ............................eq.2
2 2 1
s
CV (T2  T1 )  1.5 C V (T2  T1 )
at azeotrope y i  x i T2  T1  1.5 CV (T2  T1 )
Equation 1 divides by Equation 2
 
1

T2  T1  1.5 (T1  T1 )

P2 

P1
1y1P x  Ps
 1 1 1s
2 y 2P x 2  2P2  
.277

 6  1.277
T2  300  1.5  300     1  73
Ax 2  3 
0.9P 70 e 2
 2 T2  373K
0.9P 30 e Ax1

30 A( x 2  x 2 )
e 2 1 105. Sol. 400
70
Ax 22 We know that
 70 e2.12x0.7
2
0.9P 70e
RT
P
P 27.52 bar v b
P (v  b)  RT
RT
(Gate 2016) v 
P
RT
  b0  b1T
102. Sol. P
R 
Infinitely dilute solution of component (1)    b1  T  b0
P 
x1  0 & x2  1

So h1  2  60 x (1)2  100 x 0 x(1)2

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h v g gE gid
 v T   
P T T P
RT RT RT
 R
 P



   h1  T  b0   T

R


 P  b1   b0
 
g
 

gE   xi gi   RT xi ln xi  
RT RT RT
dhT  b0dPT g gE
x g  x 2 2  RT  x1 ln x1  x 2 ln x 2 
g
  
1 1

h f  hi T  b0 (Pf  Pi )T RT RT RT
g g g
 4  105  (15  5)  106  400 J / mol   3x1 x 2  x1 1  x 2 2  x1 ln x1  x 2 ln x 2
RT RT RT
g
  3  0.4  0.6  0.4  1  0.6  2
RT
106. Sol. 1.647
0.4  ln(0.4)  0.6  ln(0.6)
g E  g  g id g
  1.647
RT
gE g g id
  
RT RT RT
1
K 
K
Zm    
3
(Gate 2017) 2 6
1
K 
107. Sol. (C) K
Zn      Zm  Zn
3
2 6
For gas M; P = 25 bar, Pc = 75 bar
108. Sol. (D)
P 25 1 109. Sol. 14.9
Pr   
Pc 75 3
 g  g
For Gas N; P = 75 bar, PC = 225 bar    7,    7.7
 RT   RT 

75 1
Pr   As we know
225 3

For Gas M; T = 300 K, TC = 150 K, Tr = fi  gR 

x  exp  
T P  RT 
2
TC
fi  gR 
x   exp  
For Gas N; T = 1000 K, TC = 500 K, Tr = p  RT 
T gR  g   g 
2        7  7 .7
RT  RT   RT ig
TC
gR f
  0.7  i    p ( 0.7)
RT P
Pr fi  30 exp ( 0.7)  14.9 bar
Compressibility factor, Z = k
Tr

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

110. Sol. 2511.4

1  dv 
As we know      (1)
V  dp T

For isothermal process pv = const

dv V
Pdv +Vdp = 0 
dp P1

From equation
113. Sol (C)
1 1
   P1   100 Pa
P1 

At constant temperature

111. Sol. 0.91

H  1000 bar,   0.92 for dilute solution

We can use Henry law for solute Hx = yP

1000 x = 0.92 (1-0.01) (10) 114. Sol. 368.166

Here, y and x are mole fraction of solute in

gas liquid respectively x = 9.108 x 10-3

Mole percentage of solute in liquid phase =

100 (9.108  10-3) = 0.91

Gate 2018

112. Sol. 102.375

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GATE Previous Years Solved Papers The Gate Coach

115. Sol.

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