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Advances in Liquid Crystal Materials

Description: The Frost & Sullivan research service titled Advances in Liquid Crystal Materials provides an
overview of the emerging trends in the liquid crystal materials landscape, involving the key drivers,
challenges, restraints, and the analysis of adoption trends. In this research service, Frost &
Sullivan's expert analysts thoroughly examine new liquid crystal materials, study of defects, liquid
crystal manufacture, and search for new applications.

This analysis is available through our Technical Insights Growth Partnership Service program. With
this program, clients receive industry-leading market research such as this, along with technical
and econometric data and many interactive features including Analyst Inquiry Time and Client
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The following technologies are covered in this research:

Liquid Crystals: Liquid crystals are composed of moderate sized organic molecules, which tend to
be elongated, although they also include a broad range of other exotic shapes. The elongated
shape of these materials enables the orientation of the axis of the molecules along a particular
direction under suitable conditions. This has an impact on the behavior of light and electricity in the
material. Notably, these materials exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a
conventional liquid, and those of a solid crystal. Liquid crystals can be further classified as
thermotropic and lyotropic LCs.

Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs): These are a unique class of wholly aromatic polyester polymers,
whose structure consists of densely packed fibrous polymer chains. This provides self-reinforcement
almost to the melting point. These are hybrid materials that combine the same mesophases
characteristic of ordinary liquid crystals while retaining the versatility of polymers. For a polymer to
exhibit liquid crystal characteristics there exists a need to incorporate mesogens into their chains.
The placement of the mesogens determines the type of polymer liquid crystal (PLC) that is formed,
that is, when the mesogens are a part of the main chain of the polymer the PLCs are known as
main chain liquid crystals (MC-PLCs). On the other hand, when the mesogens are connected as side
chains to the polymer by a flexible "bridge" known as the spacer, the PLCs are known as side chain
polymer liquid crystals (SC-PLCs).

Technology Overview
 Needs of New Applications Drives Developments

Liquid crystal technology is widely prevalent, with liquid crystal displays (LCDs) being used in
calculators, watches, telephones, radios, and car dashboards, and larger, full-color displays in
laptop computer screens and LC-TV sets. However, researchers consider the above-mentioned
applications as only the tip of the iceberg, as the range of possibilities offered by these versatile
materials is still being researched extensively for use in novel applications. This search for new
applications as well as technological improvements is driving further advances in the field of liquid
crystal materials. In the future, manufacture of low-power displays without backlights, paper-like
displays, head-mounted displays, and large flat displays is likely to offer opportunities for liquid
crystal materials. Moreover, liquid crystal material manufacturers are also exploring the possibility
of using these materials for non-display applications; however, they have not yet proved to be
commercially viable.

"When it comes to liquid crystal research, we find that there is a lot of research related to the
development of new materials for liquid-crystal mixtures and alignment layers with improved
lifetime for projection LCDs, faster liquid-crystal materials to improve video performance, chemical
synthesis and physical properties of new liquid crystalline materials, liquid crystal polymers and
elastomers, composite systems with liquid crystalline components, study of topological defects and
patterns, and so on," says the analyst Archana Jayarajah. "However, much of this research remains
confined to laboratories and it is essential to have the entire path charted out in order to translate
them into technology/product demonstration, and eventually, mass production."

Global Regulations Driving Recycling of Devices

Globally, new regulations such as the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive
may require changes in the environmental requirements on the sale and recycling of consumer
goods. In the future, requirements are expected to become more stringent, and recycling costs
may increase. Thus, researchers are not only involved in the research of numerous self-organizing
and self-assembling materials that exhibit liquid crystal behavior, but also on the recycling of
devices. There exists a need to aid the recycling process via the development of smart de-
manufacturing processes so that maximum use can be made of all the components, even down to
the level of coatings and films. In the case of LCDs, research groups are examining methods of
decommissioning devices so that they can be easily de-manufactured, thereby yielding easy access
to the component parts of the device, down to the liquid crystal mixture itself. Further, researchers
are also hoping to re-use the LC formulation in a re-manufacturing process that could lead to new
applications.

"Although many new techniques are being developed at the Academic level that offer benefits over
existing systems, researchers do not expect a change in the way the current generation of laptop
screens and televisions are fabricated", observes Jayarajah. "This is because existing
manufacturing processes are mature and changing them probably cannot be justified economically.
In a field where technology is evolving, it becomes highly essential that new technologies can be
integrated with the existing systems so that the cost of a switchover to a new technology for the
manufacturers would be minimum. Adoption of a new technology is quicker when the adoption
costs involved are less," adds the analyst.

Contents: 1. Executive Summary

-1. Scope and Methodology
--1. Scope
--2. Methodology
-2. Overview and Key Research Highlights
--1. Overview
--2. Key Research Highlights

2. Technology Overview
-1. Technology Primer
--1. Liquid Crystals--An Introduction
--2. Liquid Crystal Phases
-2. Key Applications
--1. Key Applications of Liquid Crystals
--2. Key Applications for PLCs
 3. Noteworthy Research in Liquid Crystals
-1. Universities
--1. Nanoporous LCP Materials Developed--USA
--2. Understanding the Process by which the Liquid Crystals Align at a Surface--USA
--3. Holographically Formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals--USA
--4. Study of Liquid Crystal and Substrate Interface on the Nanoscale--Japan
--5. Liquid Crystal Polymers for Space Applications--USA
--6. Structure Property Relation for Azo-Dye-Doped LC--Romania
--7. Computations for Liquid Crystals--Italy
--8. Self-Alignment of Water Droplets in Nematic Liquid Crystals--France
--9. System Exhibits Compatibility with Different Lasers with Varying Wavelengths--Turkey
-2. Companies
--1. Liquid Crystal Materials for LCD TVs from Merck--Germany
--2. Liquid Crystal Developments at Dainippon Ink--Japan
--3. A New Type of LCP for Industrial and Consumer Cooking and Baking--Germany
--4. LCP Substrates for Microfluidics Applications--Switzerland

4. Assessment of Technology Adoption Factors

-1. Technology Drivers and Challenges
--1. Technology Drivers
--2. Technology Challenges
-2. Assessment of Regulations
--1. Toxicity and Ecotoxicity of LCs
--2. Display Disposal Dilemma
--3. Nano Regulations

5. Industry Analysis
-1. SWOT Analysis
--1. Overview
--2. SWOT Analysis of Liquid Crystals
-2. Road to Commercialization
--1. Research Directions
--2. Bridging Basic Research and Commercialization

6. Patents and Key Contacts

-1. Recent Patents
--1. US Patents
--2. Rest-of-the-World Patents
-2. Key Contacts
--1. Universities
--2. Corporate

7. Decision Support Database

-1. Database Tables
--1. Global Laptop Sales (2002-2012)
--2. Global LCD Sales (2002-2012)
--3. TV Installed Base (1999-2006)
--4. Global TV Sales (2002-2012)
--5. Consumer Electronic Contribution to Electronics Industry (1999-2006)

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