TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. Casal st., Quiapo Manila

IE-003

CASE STUDY
Linear Programming

Members
MALIWAT, Kris Marielle H.
MIRANDA, Patricia Mae P.
VALDEZ, Loisroi R.
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is still primarily an agricultural country despite the plan to make it an
industrialized economy by 2000. Most citizens still live in rural areas and support
themselves through agriculture. The country's agriculture sector is made up of 4 sub-
sectors: farming, fisheries, livestock, and forestry (the latter 2 sectors are very small),
which together employ 39.8 percent of the labor force and contribute 20 percent of GDP.

The country's main agricultural crops are rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas,
pineapple, coffee, mangoes, tobacco, and abaca (a banana-like plant). Secondary crops
include peanut, cassava, camote (a type of rootcrop), garlic, onion, cabbage, eggplant,
calamansi (a variety of lemon), rubber, and cotton. The year 1998 was a bad year for
agriculture because of adverse weather conditions. Sector output shrank by 8.3 percent,
but it posted growth the following year. Yet, hog farming and commercial fishing posted
declines in their gross revenues in 1999. The sector is burdened with low productivity for
most of its crops.

The Philippines exports its agricultural products around the world, including the United
States, Japan, Europe, and ASEAN countries (members of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations). Major export products are coconut oil and other coconut products, fruits
and vegetables, bananas, and prawns (a type of shrimp). Other exports include the
Cavendish banana, Cayenne pineapple, tuna, seaweed, and carrageenan. The value of
coconut-product exports amounted to US$989 million in 1995 but declined to US$569
million by 2000. Imported agricultural products include unmilled wheat and meslin, oilcake
and other soybean residues, malt and malt flour, urea, flour, meals and pellets of fish,
soybeans and whey.

One of the most pressing concerns of the agricultural sector is the rampant conversion of
agricultural land into golf courses, residential subdivisions, and industrial parks or resorts.
In 1993 the nation was losing irrigated rice lands at a rate of 2,300 hectares per year.
Small land-holders find it more profitable to sell their land to developers in exchange for
cash, especially since they lack capital for seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and wages for
hiring workers to plant and harvest the crops.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the Philippines is basically an agricultural
country with about 32 percent of the total land area of the country cultivated by almost 12
million farmers. The farmers are known for their hard-working yet the profit they earn in
farming remains questionable. The sole reason is that the Filipino farmers do not have
the ability to purchase their own land, thus, they ended up working for their landlord.
Farming as a profession has become less attractive to the young and educated people.
Most Filipinos do not like to go into agriculture because of the level of difficulty and the
supposedly low income being associated with it. With higher farm productivity, hence,
better income will stop people from associating farm-life with poverty.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority the country’s agricultural economic
performance, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 6.2 percent in 2018. The
prices received by farmers for their palay production were higher by an average of 12.03
percent than the previous year’s record. (Selected Statistics on Agriculture) However, the
farmers remain as one of the poorest sectors in the country with the highest poverty
incidence. This is driven by their perennial concern on high farming cost and low yield.
(www.napc.gov.ph)

Poverty incidence for the sector of farmers was recorded at 34.3%; fishermen, 34%; and
children, 31.4%. These sectors also consistently registered as the three sectors with the
highest poverty incidence in 2006, 2009 and 2012. The poverty incidence in these sectors
also exceeded the national average of 21.6%. (Marcelo, P., 2019)

No matter how essential lands are in producing and sustaining the necessities of the
people, farmers are not given equal importance in order to enjoy their rights as land tillers.
Economically, farmers are still deprived of their land, and their wages are still low.
Socially, they cannot access basic services due to inadequate government services
especially in rural places. Politically, they are silenced when they voice out their needs
and demands to call out for adequate support. They are robbed of self-determination,
human rights, and social justice. (Gesite, S., 2018)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE
The study aims to determine both the maximum value of profit that a land owner can earn
per harvest and the value of profit that a farmer earns in every harvest using Optimization
in Linear Programming. The researcher conducted a survey that takes place in the vast
area of Quezon Province. Quezon Province’s topography is strips of land along the coast
and river valley are available for growing crops and permits prime agricultural activities
within the province.

METHODOLOGY
The medium of the survey were the questionnaires. The Sampling technique used to
gather data is the Probability or Random Sampling. This sampling technique make sure
that every element of the population gets an equal chance to be part of the selected
sample. The respondents of the survey were 25 farmers.

The method used to conduct and perform this research is Optimization in Linear
programming. Optimization is the selection of a best element from some set of available
alternatives. With the use of Microsoft Excel, the equations obtained from the data can
be solved. Thus, giving the desired objective function.

The questionnaire used in the survey is shown below.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. Casal St. Quiapo, Manila
 Ikaw ay iniimbitahan na makilahok sa sarbey na ito. Ang mga katanungan na
inilahad sa ibaba ay inihanda ni Kris Marielle Maliwat, estudyante ng B.S Chemical
Engineering sa Technological Institute of the Philippines-Manila, para sa
pagsakatuparan ng proyekto sa Numerical Methods. Ang pananaliksik na ito ay para
malaman kung magkano ang gastusin ng isang magsasaka bago kumita. Ang mga
impormasyong ilalahad ay maninitili lamang sa tagapagpananaliksik at ng tumugon.
Maraming Salamat po. Maaaring makausap ang tagapagpananaliksik sa
09368353365 para sa iba pang katanungan at impormasyon.

Tagapagpananaliksik

Sagutan ang mga sumusunod na katanungan. Lagyan ng ang sagot kung

may pagpipilian.

PANGUNAHING IMPORMASYON
Pangalan:

Edad: Kasarian: □ Babae

□ Lalaki
Contact No:

Hanapbuhay:
Pangunahin:
________________________________________________________
Ibang hanapbuhay (kung mayroon):
________________________________

Kita sa pagsasaka:
□ Mababa sa 1,000 □ 1,000-1,500 □ 1,500-2,000 □ 2,000-2,500
□ 2,500-3,000 □ 3,500-4,000 □ 4,000-4,500 □ 4,500-5,000
□ iba pa, Ᵽ______________________

Kung mayroong ibang hanapbuhay, magkano ang kinikita:

□ Mababa sa 1,000 □ 1,000-1,500 □ 1,500-2,000 □ 2,000-2,500
□ 2,500-3,000 □ 3,500-4,000 □ 4,000-4,500 □ 4,500-5,000
□ iba pa, Ᵽ______________________

IBA PANG IMPORMASYON

 Uri ng Sinasaka:

Puhunan sa pagsasaka:

Mga gastusin pang-araw araw (Maaaring magtsek ng higit sa isa):

□ Kuryente □ Pagkain at Tubig □ iba pa, __________________
Magkano ang nailalaan para sa:
Kuryente: Ᵽ_________________________ Pagkain at Tubig:
Ᵽ____________________
Iba pa (tukuyin ____________) Ᵽ______________________________

Bilang sa isang pamilya (kasama ang sarili):

□ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □ 6 □ 7 □ 8 □ 9 □ 10 □ iba pa, _______
Sariling Lupa ang Pinagsasakahan:
□ Oo □ Hindi
Bilang ng oras sa pagtatanim:
□ 1-2 oras □ 3-4 oras □ 5-6 oras □ 7-8 oras □ 9-10 oras □iba pa, ________
Bilang ng araw bago maani:
□ Mababa sa 1 buwan □ 1-2 buwan □ 3-4 buwan □ 4-6 buwan
□ Mahigit 6 buwan □ iba pa, ______________________
Gaano kalawak ang lupang sinasaka:
□ Mababa sa 1 hektarya □ 1-25 hektarya □ 26-50 hektarya
□ 51-75 hektarya □ 76-100 hektarya □ Higit 100 hektarya
Gaano karami ang naaani sa isang hektarya (tuwing tag-ulan):
□ Mababa sa 25 kilo □ 26-50 kilo □ 51-75 kilo □ 76-100 kilo
□ Higit 100 kilo
Gaano karami ang naaani sa isang hektarya (tuwing tag-araw):
□ Mababa sa 25 kilo □ 26-50 kilo □ 51-75 kilo □ 76-100 kilo
□ Higit 100 kilo
Magkano ang kinikita sa pagbebenta ng ani (tuwing tag-ulan):
□ Mababa sa Ᵽ1,000 □ Ᵽ1000-Ᵽ5,000 □ Ᵽ5,000-Ᵽ10,000 □ Ᵽ10,000-Ᵽ15,000
□ Ᵽ15,000- Ᵽ20,000 □ Ᵽ25,000- Ᵽ30,000 □ Ᵽ30,000- Ᵽ35,000 □Higit sa Ᵽ35,000
Magkano ang kinikita sa pagbebenta ng ani (tuwing tag-araw):
□ Mababa sa Ᵽ1,000 □ Ᵽ1000-Ᵽ5,000 □ Ᵽ5,000-Ᵽ10,000 □ Ᵽ10,000-Ᵽ15,000
□ Ᵽ15,000- Ᵽ20,000 □ Ᵽ25,000- Ᵽ30,000 □ Ᵽ30,000- Ᵽ35,000 □Higit sa Ᵽ35,000

The survey was conducted in an agricultural land located in Tiaong, Quezon. The farm
composes varieties of farms such as corn, palay, papaya, coconut, dalandan and others.
The researcher used the questionnaire as the guide to conduct an interview to the
farmers. However, some of answers were written by the researcher itself because the
farmers were busy harvesting the palay. Despite of being busy, the farmers answered the
best they can and willingly signed the questionnaires.

Two milling houses were then interviewed.

DATA AND RESULTS
CONCLUSION
It showed that the Filipino farmers earn money exactly to suffice their everyday life.
Whereas, the landowners earn more income monthly. There should be more incentives
and benefits for the farmers for them to continue their production. Understanding that
agriculture industry is more than just farming can help people give more importance to
this profession.