TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

Department of Architecture

RESEARCH FOR A PROPOSED 50 BED HOSPITAL: GUIDELINES

IN PLANNING AND DESIGNING A HOSPITAL

In partial fulfillment for the requirements for

Architectural Design 4

Presented and submitted to:

AR. ROLANDO PINANGAT

Submitted by:
MINGUILLO, MARY ROSE D.
AR22FA3

November 28 2019
 TABLE OF EFFING CONTENTS

I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 2

II. Characteristics of a Hospital design ……………………………………………… 2

III. Guidelines in planning and designing a hospital ………………………………. 3

IV. Standard Requirements and measurement of spaces …………………………5

V. Examples ………………………………………………………………………………. 7

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I. INTRODUCTION

A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized

medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is
the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent
health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district
hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds
for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized
hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors'
(geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such
as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories.
Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general
hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on
the sources of income received.

Hospitals and health center generally started for the use of shrine, dedicated to
people or gods/goddesses. It is not considered something of a place where people
should be treated. Through religion and different religious beliefs, hospitals started to
became a place where ill people should go and get treated. During Roman Empire,
hospitals and centers where used to treat sick slaves and roman warriors that were
injured during a war and so. People started training few people to learn how to treat
also. In order to maximize man power in the increasing number of patients during wars,
trainings and lessons emerged.

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPITAL DESIGN

In designing a hospital, designers and Architects should consider a lot of things.

An Architect should have the basic knowledge of what a hospital and what are its
components. We should understand that a hospital is a very sensitive and conservative
place. A lot of different things are happening in this one place. It may be Radiations,
illnesses, treatments and consultations. One should understand that these places has
what we call “patients” factors that may affect one should be considered that is why a
well-planned plan should be done.

The architectural design of health facilities is a difficult task in which the architect
must deal with a very broad range of questions that cover, in addition to the construction
of the building, other aspects related to the characteristics of the potential user
community, such as the birth rate, morbidity and mortality rates, and micro and macro
socioeconomic and geographical considerations. The long and varied list of factors that
must be taken into account in order for design to be efficient and effective also includes
the advances of medical science and its continuing specialization; the development of

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new technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and administration; and the complexity of the
mechanical equipment and facilities.

Another factor that is becoming increasingly important among the parameters

and standards that govern the design of health facilities is the reduction or mitigation of
risks from natural or manmade disasters. This is a consideration that must be
emphasized in view of the need to ensure the safety of both the health facilities and the
community members who use them.

III. GUIDELINES IN PLANNING AND DESIGNING A HOSPITAL

The following are as stated by the Department of Health, Philippines. A hospital

and other health related facilities shall be planned and designed properly to observe
and follow appropriate architectural practices. Codes and rules shall be followed as part
of normal professional practice. (doh.gov.ph)

The following grounds should be observed and considered properly:

1. Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily
accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul
odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, children's
playgrounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.

2. Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a
hospital. The location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning ordinances.

3. Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe
environment for patients, personnel and public.

4. Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person and
property within the facility.

5. Patient Movement: Circulation around the area and minor spaces should be
considered according to what is applicable.

6. Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with
sufficient illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of patients and to enable
personnel in the performance of work.

7. Ventilation: Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure comfort of patients,

personnel and public.

8. Auditory and Visual Privacy: Anything related to acoustics and privacy should be
observed.

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9. Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved public
water supply system whenever available.

10. Waste Disposal: Liquid and other types of wastes must be disposed properly to the
public sewer.

11. Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system, including approved
water supply and sewerage system, shall be provided through the buildings and
premises to ensure a clean and healthy environment.

12. Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a
healthy and aesthetic environment for patients, personnel and public.

13. Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance program in place.

14. Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy materials that
shall allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire resistance.

15. Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate toilet shall be
maintained for patients and personnel, male and female, with a ratio of one (1) toilet for
every eight (8) patients or personnel.

16. Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in
walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall be devices for
quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are easily visible and
accessible in strategic areas.

17. Signage. There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number of

individual visual aids and devices arranged to provide information, orientation, direction,
identification, prohibition, warning and official notice considered essential to the
optimum operation of a hospital and other health facilities.

18. Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1)
parking space for every twenty-five (25) beds.

19. Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as
follows:

20. Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related with each
other.

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IV. STANDARD MEASUREMENTS AND AREA OF SPACES

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Notes:
1. 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one (1)
chair, space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle
3. 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space for
occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment
5. 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1)
stretcher

Note: All the statement stated above are all credited to doh.gov.ph, thus, all information used in this paper are all for
educational purposes only.

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V. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS OF HOSPITALS (EXAMPLES)

HARALDSPLASS HOSPITAL

NORTHERN BEACHES HOSPITAL

HOSPITAL MANTA

FRIENDSHIP HOSPITAL SATKHIRA