HANDBALL: Conditioning For Players

Handball:
Conditioning for Players
Adriano Vretaros
Strength and Conditioning Coach
2020
São Paulo – BRAZIL
avretaros@gmail.com
Handball: Conditioning for Players
Characteristics - I
● Olympic Team Ball Sport

● Intermittent and Acyclic
● Invasion and Evasion Game
● Intense Body Contact
● Open Motor Activity
2
Characteristics - II
●
GAME:
● 2 periods of 30 minutes each
●
(Half Time Break: 10 minutes)
● GAME COURT:
●
40m x 20m
●
BALL:
● MALE Players: Circumference: 58-60cm –
Weight: 425-475g
●
FEMALE Players: Circumference: 54-56cm –
Weight: 325-400g 3
Characteristics - III
● DISPLACEMENTS:
1)- Cyclic
2)- Acyclic
3)- With Ball
4)- Without Ball
4
Characteristics - IV
● MOVEMENTS:
1)- Running
2)- Jumping
3)- Sprinting
4)- Arm Throwing
5)- Hitting
6)- Blocking
7)- Pushing
8)- Passing
9)- Tackling
10)- Catching 5
Bioenergetic Systems
ATP-PC *** 80%
Anaerobic Lactic 10%
Aerobic 10%
(Bompa & Haff, 2012) 6

Travelled Distance - I
2000 – 6000 meters
Position on the Field Tactical Offensive and\or

Defensive
Team Characteristics Game Situation
(Cardinale, 2006)
7
Travelled Distance - II
POSITION DISTANCE (m)

Left Wing 3557
Right Wing 4083
Left Back 3464
Right Back 2857
Pivot 3531
(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)

8
Travelled Distance - III
Frontal Lateral Diagonal Back

(m) (m) (m) (m)
Attack 117,0 7,0 59,0 67,0
Defense 102,0 67,0 75,0 81,0
Attack- 51,0 3,0 7,0 13,0

defense
Transition
Defense- 52,0 2,0 7,0 5,0
Attack
Transition
(Adapted from Mais, 1989)
9
Motor Actions in Matches
485
High-Intensity Movements in 60 minutes
190
Rhythm Variations
279
Change of Directions
16
Jumps
(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)
10
Anthropometric Profile - I
● IMPORTANCE:
1)- Individual Players

2)- Tactical Position
3)- Skills Performance
4)- Game Style
5)- Competition Level
6)- And Other
11
Anthropometric Profile - II
● MALE Players
TEAM AGE (years) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Body Fat (%)
England 20,0 174,2 77,5 13,4
China 25,0 190,0 85,4 9,6
Japan 26,0 185,4 80,6 9,2
Korea 25,0 184,6 85,4 11,2
Kwait 26,0 181,6 87,6 12,9
Saudi 25,0 182,1 75,8 10,3
(Adapted from Hasan et al, 2007)

12
Anthropometric Profile - III
● FEMALE Players (n=20)

AGE BODY HEIGHT WINGSPAN
(years-old) MASS (Kg) (cm) (cm)
Mean 18,1 64,86 170,23 168,84
MIN 15 53 160,00 159,00
MAX 25 79 180,00 179,00
(Adapted from Vargas et al, 2010)

13
Anthropometric Profile - IV
●
n=130 ELITE FEMALE Spanish Handball Players
CENTER BACK WING PIVOT Goalkeeper
Age 27,94 25,40 24,85 25,68 26,47

(years-
old)
Years of 15,79 15,18 14,38 14,44 15,32
Practice
Weight 65,65 71,13 61,23 74,65 69,27
(Kg)
Height 169,95 174,19 164,59 176,19 174,96
(cm)
14
(Adapted from Vila et al, 2011)
Anthropometric Profile - V
● SOMATOTYPE:
PLAYERS Endomorph Mesomorph Ectomorph
FEMALE 3,87 3,43 2,50
MALE 3,25 4,68 6,43
(Pelegrini & Silva, 2006 ; Vargas et al, 2010)

15
Physical Conditioning
GENERAL
Physical Preparation
SPECIFIC
Physical Preparation
INDIVIDUALIZED by Team
Tactical Position STYLE of PLAY 16
Athletic Condition
Technical Physical
Domain Domain
Athletic Condition
in
Handball
Collective Individual
Tactical
Domain Psychological 17
Domain
Types of Training
Technical Tactical
Physical Technical-tactical
Technical-physical
Technical-tactical-physical
18
Biomotor Capabilities
CONDITIONING COORDENATIVE
COORDINATION
ENDURANCE - Eye-hand
- Eye-foot
- ATP-PC TRANSFER TO: - Laterality
- Anaerobic Lactic - Anticipatory Timing
- Aerobic - Precision
STRENGTH
- Hypertropy FLEXIBILITY
- Maximal Strength - Mobility
- Power Endurance - Elasticity
SPECIFIC SKILLS
- Maximal Power - Ball Control
- Passing
AGILITY - Dribbling
SPEED - Simple - Running
-Reaction -Spatial - Jumping
- Displacement - Temporal - Shooting
19
- Movement - Universal - Etc
Fitness Assessment - I
●
Anthropometry: Body Mass, Height, Wingspan, Body Fat,
Somatotype, etc
●
Metabolic Profile: VO2max, RAST, Wingate Test, etc
●
Neuromuscular Profile: 1RM BP, 1RM SQ, CMJ, SJ, DJ, BJ,
UHJ, UVJ, MBT, Isokinetic Testing, etc
●
Speed: 5, 10, 15, 20 an 25 meters
● Agility: T-Test, Pro-Agility, Shuttle-Run, etc
●
Flexibility: Goniometric Assessment, etc
● Movement Quality: FMS, YBT, SEBT, etc
20
Fitness Assessment - II
● Biochemical Tests
● Medical Cardiac Evaluation
● Medical Injury Evaluation
● Dental Evaluation
● Nutrition Evaluation
● Psychological Profile
● And Other
21
Fitness Assessment - III
A)- Periodicity
B)- Structural Resources
C)- Staff Resources
D)- Forms of Analysis
22
Fitness Assessment - IV
1)- Validity
2)- Reliability
3)- Accuracy
4)- Precision
23
Endurance - I
ATP-PC
(jumps, short sprints, etc)
ANAEROBIC System
LACTIC
(long sprints,
average displacements, etc)
AEROBIC System Recovery

(walking, standing, etc)
24
Endurance - II
Physiological Demand
Effort-Pause Relationship:
~1:1
~2:1
(Alexander & Boreskie, 1989 ; Moreno, 1996)

25
Endurance - III
VO2max – Male Elite Players
TOTAL Wing Pivots Backcourt Goalkeepers

Players Players
VO2max 57,0 58,3 56,2 57,0 55,1

(ml\Kg\min-1) +\-4,1 +\-3,5 +\-5,8 +\-4,5 +\-2,7
Adapted from Michalsik et al, 2015

26
Endurance - IV
●
HEART RATE and LACTATE during matches
- 80 to 90% of HRmax
- 9 to 12 mM.L-1
(Alves et al, 2008)

27
Endurance - V
●
VOLUME during matches
Backs Wings Pivots Goalkeepers
Standing\ 57% 58% 62% 86%

Walking
Jogging 25% 23% 25% 11%
Run 14% 14% 10% 2%
Sprints 3% 4% 2% 0,5%
(Adapted from Sibila et al, 2004) 28

Endurance - VI
● Game-Based Handball Training vs. High-Intensity Interval Training
*** (p<0,05) *** GBHT GBHT HIIT HIIT

PRE POST PRE POST
RSA-best (s) 6,19 5,96 6,27 6,05
+\-0,41 +\-0,31 +\-0,42 +\-0,37
RSA-mean (s) 6,48 6,18 6,52 6,30
+\-0,40 +\-0,35 +\-0,42 +\-0,36
RSA-dec (%) 4,10 3,14 3,43 3,34
+\-1,59 +\-0,92 +\-1,25 +\-1,03
Intermittent -14,5 -11,9 -13,8 -17,4
Endurance Index +\-5,1 +\-3,8 +\-2,6 +\-5,3
(iEI)
(Adapted from Buchheit et al, 2009) 29
Endurance - VII
● Anaerobic Power - Wingate Arm Test – n=11 players
*** p<0,05 *** T-01 T-02
Absolute Power (W) 615,9 627,3

+\-104,1 +\-120,3
Relative Power (W\kg) 6,63 7,02
+\-1,07 +\-1,31
Maximum Power Time (s) 6,27 5,64
+\-1,35 +\-1,03 ***
Fatigue (%) 57,98 58,97
+\-4,39 +\-3,49
(Adapted from Souza et al, 2006)

30
Strength - I
● Hipertrophy
● Maximal Strength
● Power
● Power Endurance
31
Strength - II
- Moving a external force

ABSOLUTE (opponent, ball, etc)
Strength
- Carrying bodyweight
RELATIVE (accelerations, decelerations,
Strength jumps, landing,
change-of-direction, etc)
32
Strength - III
GENERAL
Strength
HANDBALL
TRAINING
SPECIFIC
Strength
33
Strength - IV
● Weight Training
● Plyometric Training
● Ballistic Exercises
● Sports-Specific Force-Based Actions
34
Strength - V
● Hipertrophy
HIPERTROPHY
in
HANDBALL
- Increased Muscle Strength;

- Improve Strength of Tendons and Ligaments;
- Increase Cross-Sectional Area;
- Lean Mass Increase;
- Body Fat Reduction;
- Improves Balance and Functional Capacity;
- Etc
(Adapted from Perreira, 2016 ; Hermassi et al, 2010) 35

Strength - VI
●
Maximal Strength
MAXIMAL STRENGTH
in
HANDBALL
- Improved Neuromuscular Activation;

- Intra and Intermuscular Coordination;
- Concentric, Eccentric and Isometric Strength;
- Precondition for Power Training;
- Etc
36
Strength - VII
●
A
Maximal Strength
POWER
(Maximum Maximorum Force)
(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008) 37

Strength - VIII
HIPERTROPHY and MAXIMAL STRENGTH

RPE Repetitions in Reserve (RIR)
10,0 Maximum Effort
9,5 No Further Repetitions But Could Increase Load
9,0 01 Repetition Remaining
8,5 01-02 Repetitions Remaining
8,0 02 Repetitions Remaining
7,5 02-03 Repetitions Remaining
7,0 03 Repetitions Remaining
5,0 - 6,0 04-06 Repetitions Remaining
3,0 - 4,0 Light Effort
1,0 - 2,0 Little to No Effort
(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016) 38

Strength - IX
● n=26 male players
n=26 –
elite maleProgram: 10
handball players – weeks (02
AGE: 20,0+\-0,6 sessions
years-old per week)
PROTOCOL: Heavy Resistance Training (HR) – at 80-95% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench
press – 1-3 repetitions per set, 3-6 sets per exercise, with 3-4 min rest between sets). Moderate
●
Heavy Resistance vs. Moderate Resistance Training
Resistance Training (MR) – at 55-75% of 1RM (2 exercises – pull-over and bench press – 3-6
repetitions per set, 2-4 sets per exercise, with 1-1,30 min rest between sets) -
DURATION: 10-weeks – 2 times per week
# p<0,01
$ p<0,001
(Adapted from Hermassi et al, 2010) 39

Power - I
● S Neuronal Motor Unit
Adaptation Synchronization
POWER
PRODUCTION
P=F.V\t
Increases in
Neural Activation
40
(Adapted from Plummer et al, 2019)
Power - II
Optimum Power Load
Squat Jump
Height
41
(Adapted from Loturco et al, 2015 )
Power - III
- Relationship Between - Muscle Contraction

Force and Speed Speed
POWER ENDURANCE:
- Fast Force - Activated Muscle

Maintenance *** Contraction Force
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2008) 42

Power - IV
●
n=16 Team Handball Players
●
TRAINING: 12 weeks (T-1 to T2) and DETRAINING: 7 weeks (T-3)
T-1 T-2 T-3 T-1 – T-2 T-1 -T-3 T-2 -T-3
CMJ 36,82 40,55 41,62 p<0,001 p<0,001 p<0,05

(cm) +\-4,8 +\-5,09 +\-5,6
CMJ 25,41 29,40 30,69 p<0,001 p<0,001 p<0,05

20Kg +\-3,5 +\-4,4 +\-3,7
(cm)
CMJ 18,86 21,49 23,34 p<0,001 p<0,001 p<0,001
40Kg +\-3,1 +\-2,9 +\-3,5
(cm)
(Adapted from Marques & Gonzáles-Badillo, 2006)
43
Power - V
●
n=11 Female Players U-21 – One Season
February April May June July November
Horizontal 5,60 5,37 5,36 5,65 5,63 5,97

Triple Jump
(m)
3 kg 2,98 2,84 2,90 3,10 2,84 3,34

Med Ball
Throw (m)
(Adapted from Dechechi et al, 2010) 44

Power - VI
How do French Handball Coaches Build their

Training Programs to Improve Ball-Throwing Velocity?
Power and Velocity Output:

Concentric and Plyometric Training Muscle Contractions
Ball Velocity:
Shoulder Internal Rotation, Elbow Extension,
Abdominal Oblique Muscles
(Adapted from Debanne & Laffaye, 2013) 45

Power - VII
● Relationship: Throwing Velocity and The Concentric- Only
Bench Press Exercise
- 1RM Bench Press
(r=0,637, p=0,14)
- Peak Power 36Kg

(r=0,586, p=0,028)
- Peak Power 46Kg

(r=0,582, p=0,029)
- Peak Bar Velocity 26Kg

(r=0,563, p=0,036)
-Peak Bar Velocity 36Kg

(r=0,625, p=0,017)
46
(Adapted from Marques et al, 2007)
Power - VIII
● Effect of Core Training on Throwing Velocity (10 weeks)
SITUATION PRE (km\h) POST (km\h) p ES
7 meters 76,1 80,0 0,001 0,371
7 meters + GK 75,5 79,4 0,001 0,473
9 meters 77,8 80,8 0,005 0,292
9 meters + GK 77,2 79,6 0,05 0,213
9 meters 3 steps 81,8 85,7 0,001 0,387
9 meters 3 steps + GK 83,4 86,5 0,001 0,320
9 meters jump 80,4 83,6 0,001 0,324
9 meters jump + GK 79,9 83,8 0,005 0,301
(Adapted from Manchado et al, 2007) 47

Speed - I
● REACTION (visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
● MOVEMENT (isolated actions)
● DISPLACEMENT (spatial)
48
Speed - II
REACTION:
- React a opponent's dribble
- React to pass
- Etc
MOVEMENT: SPEED
- Pass ENDURANCE
- Shooting
- Jump
- Etc
DISPLACEMENT:
- Marking
- Sprints
-Etc 49
Speed - III
SPEED - Technique
in - Coordination
INTERACTION Handball
Handbal - Maximum Stregth
- Power
- Muscular Elasticity
NEURAL MUSCULAR
System System
Efferent and Afferent

Responses 50
Speed - IV
●
Norwegian National Team Athletes
10m 20m 30m 40m

(s) (s) (s) (s)
Male 2,03 3,27 4,43 5,58

Players +\-0,04 +\-0,07 +\-0,10 +\-0,14
Female 2,15 3,50 4,77 6,03

Players +\-0,07 +\-0,13 +\-0,18 +\-0,24
(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019) 51

Speed - V
●
n=16 male elite players – National Handball Superleague
*** p<0,001 *** Without a Ball With a Ball
5m sprint (s) 1,06 1,08
10m sprint (s) 1,80 1,90
20m sprint (s) 3,18 3,36
52
(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018)
Speed - VI
●
Sprint Mechanical Outputs in Norwegian National Teams
Maximal VO Maximal Force- Ratio of Index of

Horizontal (m.s-1) Horizontal Velocity Force Force
Force Power Slope
(N.Kg-1) (W.Kg-1)
MALE 8,4 9,1 19,0 -0,92 46,9 -8,5
Players +\-0,4 +\-0,4 +\-1,1 +\-0,06 +\-1,1 +\-0,6
FEMALE 7,8 8,2 16,0 -0,94 43,8 -8,9

Players +\-0,5 +\-0,4 +\-1,6 +\-0,04 +\-1,8 +\-0,4
53
(Adapted from Haugen et al, 2019)
Agility - I
● Simple (spatial and temporal certainty and preplanned
movement)
● Spatial (spatial uncertainty and preplanned movement)
● Temporal (temporal uncertainty and preplanned movement)
● Universal (total unpredictability and improvised movement)
54
Agility - II
Physiological Biomechanical
Capacities Abilities
MULTI-DIRECTIONAL
NATURE
Advanced Cognitive
Strategies
(Adapted from Wheeler, 2009) 55

Agility - III
● n=20 Youth Players - Three Different Types of Training Protocols
(Resistance Training, Plyometric Training and Complex Training)
Agility T-Test
*** p<0,05 ***
Time (seconds)
RT
PT
CT
PRE-Test POST-Test
56
(Adapted from Parnow et al, 2016)
Flexibility - I
ELASTIC
Components
ELASTICITY FLEXIBILITY MOBILITY
PLASTIC
Components
(Dantas, 1999 ; Achour Junior, 2004 ; Boyle, 2015) 57
Flexibility - II
●
Global Active Stretching – n=33 players (male and female)
Side Step Test – 08 sessions of GAS – 40 minutes
*** p<0,05 ***

Points
PRE
POST
FEMALE FEMALE MALE MALE

Treatment Control Treatment Control
(Adapted from Silva et al, 2018) 58

Flexibility - III
●
n=21 elite
n=21 female
elite players
female players – AGE: – Gleunoumeral
14,0 to 18,0 years-old Joint
STATIC STRETCHING: static stretching of the gleunoumeral joint in the dominant limb.
DYNAMIC WARM-UP: dynamic exercises performed on dominant and non-dominant limbs.
MED BALL THROW: the athlete throws a 2kg ball. HANDBALL THROWING TEST: the athlete throws
an official ball at a distance of 7 meters from the goal.
*** p≤0,05 ***
(Adapted from Mascarin et al, 2015) 59

Coordination - I
Different Orientation Eye-hand

Skills Spatio-
temporal
Eye-foot
Different
Situations
HANDBALL Multi-
COORDINATION segments
Decision-
making
Process
Laterality
Precision
Anticipatory
Timing 60
Injury Prevention - I
How to Manage Sports Injuries?
CORRECTIVE
Platform
PREVENTIVE PREDICTIVE
Platform Platform
(Vretaros, 2018)
61
Injury Prevention - II
●
CORRECTIVE Platform:
- Cycle Injury-correction
- Urgent Decision-making
- Programmed decision- making
62
Injury Prevention - III
●
PREVENTIVE Platform:
- Plan of Action
- Continuous Monitoring
- Improvement Recurring
63
Injury Prevention - IV
● PREDICTIVE Platform:
- Simple Calculations
- Heuristic - Quick Interpretation
- Simple Inferences
- Black Swan - Different Thought

Logic - Avoiding Errors Magnitude
Unexpected
- Non-linear Interpretations
- Logarithmic - Complex Calculations

Engineering - Artificial Intelligence
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2018) 64
Types of Injuries
CHRONIC Injuries ACUTE Injuries
INTRINSIC Factors EXTRINSIC Factors

65
Mechanisms of Injuries
●
n=2,227 competitives matches - Video-Analysis
● Seasons: 2010 - 2013
●
56,8 % - Contact
●
25,1 % - Indirect Contact
●
18,1 % - Non-Contact
●
63,8 % - During Attacking Play
(Luig et al, 2018) 66

Causes of Injuries
- Contact with Opponent – 31% - 53%
- Contact with Ball – 14% - 18%
- Contact with Team Member - 3%
- Running – 28% - 33%
- Shooting – 25% - 31%

(Andersson, 2018)
67
Top Injury Locations
Male Players versus Female Players (%)
68
(Adapted from Luig et al, 2011)
Injury Prevention: Ankle - I
●
A
ANKLE INJURIES
(non-contact)
LANDING SITUATIONS
One-leg Landing
from a Jump Shot Side-step Cutting
(Adapted from Bere et al, 2018) 69

Injury Prevention: Ankle - II
●
Ankle Proprioception: Poor Balance vs. Normal Balance
*** Pattern of Cocontraction of Ankle
Plantarflexors and Dorsiflexors ***
(Adapted from Han et al, 2015) 70

Injury Prevention: Ankle - III
●
n=16 Teams of European Young Female Players
Group Traumatic Injuries:

WITH Ankle Disc - 2,4 per 1000 hours of Match
- 0,2 per 1000 hours of Practice
PROTOCOL: Program combining the use of ankle disc

with functional strength training
Traumatic Injuries:
- 6,9 per 1000 hours of Match
Group - 0,6 per 1000 hours of Practice
WITHOUT Ankle Disc
(Adapted from Wedderkopp et al, 2003) 71

Injury Prevention: Knee - I
ACL● Injuries
A
(non-contact)
MALE Players FEMALE Players
High Risk
Medium Risk ~ 2-3 times higher
"approximately 80% of the injuries occur in a plant

and cut situation or in a landing after a jump shot"
(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003 ; Prodomos et al, 200772;

Brophy et al, 2015)
Injury Prevention: Knee - II
● ACL – Injury Mechanisms - Videotape (n=20 cases) FEMALE Players
●
12 Seasons (1988-2000)
ACTIVITY \ Speed Flexion Tibia Valgus Weight Contact
CASES Rotation Distribution in
Leg Injured (%)
Plant-and-Cut Moderate to 5 to 20 5 to -15 5 to 20 90 to 100 No and
(12) High Indirect
One-Leg Landing High to 15 to 25 5 to 15 10 to 100 No and
(04) Very High 15 Indirect
Deceleration Moderate to 20 to 25 10 10 100 No and
(02) High Indirect
Running High 20 10 10 100 Indirect
(01)
Collision (01) --- --- --- --- --- Direct
(Adapted from Olsen et al, 2004) 73

Injury Prevention: Knee - III
● ACL - PREVENTIVE PROGRAM - FEMALE Players –
●
03 Seasons (1998-2001)
MATCH MATCH TRAINING TRAINING

Injuries Injuries Injuries Injuries
Season All Elite All Elite
Divisions Division Divisions Division
1998-1999 23 11 06 02
1999-2000 17 04 06 02
2000-2001 14 05 03 00
(Adapted from Myklebust et al, 2003) 74

Injury Prevention: Hip - I
●
RECTUS ABDOMINIS Muscle Injuries
*** MAIN INJURY MECHANISM: ***
Eccentric contraction during
specific movement of throwing
with the contralateral arm
(Adapted from Balius et al, 2011) 75

Injury Prevention: Spine - I
HANDBALL TRAINING
&a
●
SPINE
SPINAL
LOADS
Quality
of
POSTURE
76
Injury Prevention: Spine - II
● POSTURE - n=125 players versus n=135 non-training individuals
POSTURE – Young Female Players
- a inclination of the thoracolumbar segment
- a greater forward tilt of the torso
- a correct pelvic alignment in the frontal plane
- pelvis and scapulas asymmetries in the transverse plane
(Adapted from Grabara, 2014) 77

Injury Prevention: Spine - III
● “Posturometer-S” – Antero-Posterior Shape Analysis
Kyphotic Types:
75,0% - handball players
61,5% - volleyball players
SPORT n α Angle – β Angle – γ Angle –

Inclination of Inclination of Inclination of
the the Thoracic- the
Upperthoracic Lumbar Lumbarsacral
Segment Segment Segment
Handball 16 14,9° 8,5° 7,7°
+\-5,81 +\-3,12 +\-4,16
Volleyball 12 15,2° 11,3° 10,3°
+\-4,26 +\-1,92 +\-3,91
(Adapted from Lichota et al, 2011) 78

Injury Prevention: Spine - IV
● Low Back Pain in FEMALE Elite Players
* During the
Prevalence of LBP (%)
previous
12 months *
(Adapted from Tuna˚s et al, 2014 ) 79

Injury Prevention: Shoulder - I
SHOULDER INJURIES:
~17% - 28% (one season)
High Volume Throwing Overhead Athletes
** Reduced Velocity and Accuracy of the Throw **

** Dominant Arm **
(Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Andersson et al, 2016)
80
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - II
● The Biomechanics of the Throwing
Maximal Release Maximal
External Internal
Lead Foot Contact
Rotation Rotation
Wind-Up Stride Arm Arm Arm Follow-

Cocking Acceleration Deceleraton Though
(Adapted from Van Den Tillaar, 2005 ) 81

Injury Prevention: Shoulder - III
FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS:
- Osseus Tissue
- Soft Tissue
Decrease Internal Rotation ROM
Increase External Rotation ROM
Decrease External Rotation Strength
Scapular Dyskinesis
(Fieseler et al, 2018)
82
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - IV
Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction in Throwers:
- Tendon Pathology;
- Subacromial and Internal Impingement;
- Glenoid Labrum Injuries;
- Glenohumeral Joint Instability;
- Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction
- Etc
(Clarsen et al, 2014)

83
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - V
n=206 players in the Norwegian Elite Handball League
ISOMETRIC STRENGTH
RANGE OF MOTION SCAPULAR CONTROL
- Pain Free Test:
Internal Rotation (n=193) - Pain Free Test: - Pain Free Test:
External Rotation (n=178) Internal Rotation (n=194) Flexion (n=205)
Abduction (n=182) External Rotation (n=194) Abduction (n=205)
- Painfull Test: - Painfull Test: - Painfull Test;

Internal Rotation (n=0) Internal Rotation (n=0) Flexion (n=01)
External Rotation (n=15) External Rotation (n=0) Abduction (n=01)
Abduction (n=05)
(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014)

84
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - VI
HANDBALL PLAYERS – SHOULDER PROBLEMS:
- Reduced External Rotation Strength;

- Reduced Total ROM;
- Scapular Dyskinesis;
- Imbalanced Muscular Profile (IR\ER);
- Reduced Glenohumeral Joint ROM
- Anterior Shoulder Dislocations
- SLAP Lesion
- Reduced Kinetic Chain Function (?)
- Limited Thoracic Mobility (?)
(Adapted from Clarsen et al, 2014 ; Edouard et al, 2013 ;

85
Andersson et al, 2016)
Injury Prevention: Shoulder - VII
PREVENTIVE PROGRAM:
- Quality of Movement
- Work Total Rotation Motion;
- External Rotation Strength;
- Stability and Control Scapular;
- Thoracic Mobility;
- Good Posture;
- Core Stability;
- Strength Balance between ER \ IR;
- Control of Training Volume of Throwers;
-And other
(Adapted from Authors Collection)

86
Injury Prevention: Elbow - I
Shoulder Elbow
~ 48,000 throws each season
- Eccentric Loads
(initiate arm acceleration)
OVERUSE INJURIES
(Bere et al, 2018)

87
Injury Prevention: Elbow - II
DOMINANT ELBOW
Hypertrophy
"Handball Goalie's Elbow"
Bilateral differences
in the thickness of the
flexor-pronator tendon,
Pain and Disability extensor tendon,
triceps tendon,
and medial collateral ligament
Repeated Hyperextension Traumas Repetitive Valgus Forces
(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001 ; Tyrdal et al, 1996) 88

Injury Prevention: Elbow - III
● ULTRASOUND IMAGE – Tendon and Ligament Thickness
n=40 professional male handball players. AGE: 25,75 years-old
PROTOCOL: a bilateral comparative examination via ultrasound image.
*** p<0,0001 ***
Thickness
(Adapted from Popovic et al, 2001) 89

Injury Prevention: Wrist\Hand - I
Wrist + Hand INJURIES
Thumb and Pinkie Impact during a Block
*** 61,4% ***

Catching the Ball One-to-One Situations
Goalkeeper:
“ The thumb stabilizes the ball Forced Dorsiflexion
and the pinkie locks it into position” during Catching
(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018) 90
Injury Prevention: Wrist\Hand - II
Wrist + Hand
TYPES OF INJURIES
- Bone - Scaphoid or Triquetrum Fractures
- Scapholunate ligament, triangular fibrocartilage complex

- Ligaments ligament, ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal
joint of the thumb
- Capsuloligamentous structures and the volar plate of the

- Joints metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
- Flexor and extensor tendon tears of the fingers

- Tendons
(Adapted from Pesquer & Chick, 2018) 91
Injury Prevention: Head - I
Maxillofacial Injuries
Nasal Fractures
Dental Injuries
Facial Lacerations
92
Injury Prevention: Head - II
●
n=112 handball players (28 females and 84 males)
DENTAL TRAUMA (n)
93
Injury Prevention: Head - III
TYPES OF DENTAL INJURIES
94
Injury Prevention: Head - IV
n=138 Handball Athletes
- 12% Nasal Bone Fractures

- 57% Head and Neck Injuries
- 32% Do Not Use Mouthguards
- 68% Had Hear of Mouthguards
- 4,5% Made Use of this Protection Device
(Gialain et al, 2014) 95

Injury Prevention: Head - V
Head Injuries in Handball
“The most frequent cause of injuries are impacts

with other players or with the ground”
(Sane, 1988 ; Gialain et al, 2014)
MAIN Preventive Strategy:

The
Use of Mouthguards.
96
Goalkeeper - I
●
MOVEMENTS:
1)- Lateral
2)- Diagonal
3)- Front
●
STIMULUS:
1)- Visual
2)- Auditory
3)- Kinesthetic
4)- Decision Making
97
(Adapted from Dumitru, 2010)
Goalkeeper - II
●
MALE Goalkeeper - Anthropometry
STUDY Profile Age Height Body Body Fat
(years-old) (cm) Mass (%)
(Kg)
Hasan et al, 2007 Asiatics\ 25,0 186,5 80,8 10,5

Male +\-1,9 +\-0,04 +\-7,0 +\-3,3
Glaner, 1999 Pan 23,8 182,9 82,8 14,9

American\ +\-4,7 +\-7,0 +\-9,6 +\-4,3
Male
98
Goalkeeper - III
●
FEMALE Goalkeeper - Anthropometry
STUDY Profile Age Height Body Body Fat
(years-old) (cm) Mass (%)
(Kg)
Vila et al, 2011 Spanish\ 26,4 174,9 69,2 ---

Female +\-5,9 +\-6,3 +\-7,6
Becerra et al, Spanish 22,9 167,8 61,04 14,4

2018 Beach\ +\-4,05 +\-4,4 +\-3,9 +\-3,0
Female
99
Goalkeeper - IV
a)- The LAST Defense
b)- The FIRST Defender
c)- The FIRST Attacker
d)- The LAST Attacker
(Dumitru, 2010)
100
Goalkeeper - V
●
PHYSICAL CONDITIONING:
a)- Endurance (atp-cp, anaerobic lactic, aerobic)
b)- Strength (hipertrophy, maximal)
c)- Power (maximal, endurance)
d)- Speed (reaction, displacement, movement)
e)- Flexibility \ Mobility
f)- Hand-Eye Coordination
g)- Eye-Foot Coordination
101
Goalkeeper - VI
●
EFFECTIVENESS OF REACTION TIME
(n=10, 09 weeks – 3 times per week –
100 shootings per goalkeeper)
Av-01 Av-02 Av-03 Av-04 Av-05 TOTAL
PRE 46,2% 47,4% 23,8% 36,9% 20,3% 33,9%

Test
POST 55,7% 65,1% 25,5% 46,0% 29,5% 43,2%

Test
(Adapted from Sá & Dias, 2019) 102

Goalkeeper - VII
●
VISUAL AND AUDITORY REACTION TIME
n=05 players VISUAL AUDITORY Years of
Reaction Reaction Practice
Time Time
Mean (s) 0,246 0,212 8,2
Standard 0,052 0,052 4,08

Deviation
Coefficient of 18,97 24,43 49,83
Variation (%)
(Adapted from Souza et al,, 2010)

103
Periodization - I
Off-Season
Off-Season
Pre-Season
Season
What MODEL of periodization?

104
Periodization - II
Conjugate Blocks
Linear
Structural Pendulous
Bells MODELS
Of
Periodization
Reverse Selective Tactical 105

Loads
Periodization - III
MACROcycle
MESOcycle
MICROcycle
Training UNIT
106
Periodization - IV
Professional
Level
70 – 100 matches a year\season
(Laver et al, 2018)

107
Periodization - V
Norway Elite
Division Players
PRACTICE: PLAY:
5 to 10 times per week 60 to 80 matches
Each session: +\-1,5h per season
(Adapted from Andersson, 2018)

108
Periodization - VI
ACTIVITY a
MALE
● FEMALE
*** (p<0.05) (n=168) (n=161)
Handball Training 402 (381 to 423) *** 355 (339 to 370)
(minutes)
Match Play 35 (32 to 39) 34 (31 to 38)
(minutes)
Strength Training 106 (96 to 116) 93 (85 to 101)
(minutes)
(Adapted from Andersson, 2017) 109

Fatigue - I
PERIFERIC:
- Cardiovascular
- Metabolic
- Neuromuscular
FATIGUE
in
HANDBALL
CENTRAL:
- CNS
110
Fatigue - II
RISK of
VISIBLE Overreaching
Fatigue Non-Functional
RISK of
HIDDEN Overtraining
Fatigue
(Adapted from Platonov, 2008)

111
Fatigue - III
- Physiological - Psychological
FATIGUE
SYMPTOMS
- Immunological
- Biochemists
112
Detraining - I
- Body
Composition - VO2max
DETRAINING
in
HANDBALL - Power
- Maximal
Strength
- Agility
-???
- Speed
- ??? 113
Circadian Rhythm - I
n=
Diurnal Variations in● Physical Performance
*** p<0,001 **
EFFECT SIZE:
ZZTWB= -1,17
5SWB= -1,34
10SWB= -1,40
20SWB= -1,40
SJ= 0,73
(Adapted from Pavlovic et al, 2018) 114

Nutrition - I
MACRO - Carbohydrates
Nutrients - Proteins
- Fats
- Water
- Vitamins
- Mineral Salts
MICRO
Nutrients
115
Nutrition - II
BODY COMPOSITION:
- Monitor Training and Nutrition Effectiveness;

- Young Athletes: changes during their growth spurts
(height and weight);
- Check the impact of lean muscle mass on power performance;
- Body Fat;
- Other
116
Nutrition - III
● Creatine Supplementation (20g.d-1 during 5 days)
p<0,001
1RM Half Squat
Kg
PLACEBO CREATINE
(Adapted from Izquierdo et al, 2002) 117
Nutrition - IV
● n=16 Youth Players – HYDRATION
Types of Fluids Ingested

Number of Athletes
Refrigerant
Pre
During
e Post
i c ce
c i
ter n i
l Ju
Ju
o da h er
a
o to r a i al S t
W Is tr O
atu s
N
n du
I
(Mendes et al, 2016) 118

Recovery & Regeneration - I
ACTIVE
Resources
Recovery
&
Regeneration
PASSIVE
Resources
119
Recovery & Regeneration - II
Nutrition Cryotherapy Compression

Garment
Hyperoxia
Electrostimulation Cupping Therapy
Therapy
Slowdown Massage
Thermotherapy Active
Compression And More

Acupuncture Garment 120

HANDBALL: Conditioning For Players

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HANDBALL: Conditioning For Players

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Handball:

Conditioning for Players

● Olympic Team Ball Sport

ATP-PC *** 80%

Anaerobic Lactic 10%

(Bompa & Haff, 2012) 6

2000 – 6000 meters

Position on the Field Tactical Offensive and\or

Team Characteristics Game Situation

POSITION DISTANCE (m)

(Adapted from Cardinale, 2006)

Frontal Lateral Diagonal Back

Defense 102,0 67,0 75,0 81,0

Attack- 51,0 3,0 7,0 13,0

1)- Individual Players

England 20,0 174,2 77,5 13,4

China 25,0 190,0 85,4 9,6

Japan 26,0 185,4 80,6 9,2

Korea 25,0 184,6 85,4 11,2

Kwait 26,0 181,6 87,6 12,9

Saudi 25,0 182,1 75,8 10,3

(Adapted from Hasan et al, 2007)

● FEMALE Players (n=20)

MIN 15 53 160,00 159,00

MAX 25 79 180,00 179,00

(Adapted from Vargas et al, 2010)

Age 27,94 25,40 24,85 25,68 26,47

FEMALE 3,87 3,43 2,50

MALE 3,25 4,68 6,43

(Pelegrini & Silva, 2006 ; Vargas et al, 2010)

AEROBIC System Recovery

(Alexander & Boreskie, 1989 ; Moreno, 1996)

VO2max – Male Elite Players

TOTAL Wing Pivots Backcourt Goalkeepers

VO2max 57,0 58,3 56,2 57,0 55,1

Adapted from Michalsik et al, 2015

(Alves et al, 2008)

Backs Wings Pivots Goalkeepers

Standing\ 57% 58% 62% 86%

Run 14% 14% 10% 2%

(Adapted from Sibila et al, 2004) 28

*** (p<0,05) *** GBHT GBHT HIIT HIIT

Absolute Power (W) 615,9 627,3

(Adapted from Souza et al, 2006)

- Moving a external force

- Increased Muscle Strength;

(Adapted from Perreira, 2016 ; Hermassi et al, 2010) 35

- Improved Neuromuscular Activation;

(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008) 37

HIPERTROPHY and MAXIMAL STRENGTH

(Adapted from Zourdos et al, 2016) 38

(Adapted from Hermassi et al, 2010) 39

Optimum Power Load

- Relationship Between - Muscle Contraction

- Fast Force - Activated Muscle

(Adapted from Vretaros, 2008) 42

T-1 T-2 T-3 T-1 – T-2 T-1 -T-3 T-2 -T-3

CMJ 36,82 40,55 41,62 p<0,001 p<0,001 p<0,05

CMJ 25,41 29,40 30,69 p<0,001 p<0,001 p<0,05

Horizontal 5,60 5,37 5,36 5,65 5,63 5,97

3 kg 2,98 2,84 2,90 3,10 2,84 3,34

(Adapted from Dechechi et al, 2010) 44

How do French Handball Coaches Build their

Power and Velocity Output:

(Adapted from Debanne & Laffaye, 2013) 45

- Peak Power 36Kg

* (p<0,05) * GBHT GBHT HIIT HIIT

* p<0,001 * Without a Ball With a Ball

* p<0,05 *

* p≤0,05 *

Reduced Velocity and Accuracy of the Throw