PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

UTILIZATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF GARLIC, CHILI AND GINGER

AS AN ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDES IN STRING BEANS

AT PINTONG BUKAWE SAN MATEO, RIZAL

Introduction

This chapter presents the Background of the Study, the statement of the study

Problem, the significance of the Study and Scope and Delimitations.

Background of the Study

The use of chemical insecticides in crop production has resulted in increased

food production, but their use has resulted in the destructions of beneficial organism

and development of resitance by some insects to the insecticides. The effectiveness

of garlic Allium sativum, Ginger (Zingiber) in controlling the pest. Garlic (Allium

sativum L.) is a vegetatively propagated species that has been used as a culinary

and medicinal plant and it is a source of sulphur containing compounds. Although

garlic has been used for its medicinal properties for thousands of years,

investigations into its mode of action are relatively recent. Garlic has a wide

spectrum of Year-2019-2020 only is it antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and

antiprotozoal, but it also has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and immune

systems. Resurgence in the use of natural herbal alternatives has brought the use of

medicinal plants to the forefront of pharma logical investigations and many new

drugs are discovered. This review aims to address the historical use of garlic and its

sulfur chemistry, and to provide a basis for further research into its antimicrobial
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

properties. Garlic is also considered as one of the twenty most important vegetables,

with various uses throughout the world, either as a raw vegetable for culinary

purposes, or as an ingredient of traditional and modern medicine Furthermore, it has

also been proposed as one of the richest sources of total phenolic compounds,

among the usually consumed vegetables, and has been highly ranked regarding its

contribution of phenolic compounds to human diet. Garlic is considered a rich source

of many compunds, which shoes antimicrobial effects. The ability of microorganisms

to adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces and to form biofilm is responsible for a

number of diseases of chronic nature, demonstrating extremely high resistance to

antibiotics. Bacterial biofilms are complex communities of sessile microorganisms,

embedded in an extracellular matrix and irreversibly attached to various surface.

As the trend toward healthier lifestyle continues to grow, the interest in organic

farming in the Philippines is also expeditously gaining ground. In fact, the

government has mandated the Department of Agriculture to alloy atleast PHP1 billion

(US$23.70 million) this year to exclusively promote the organic agriculture programs

in the country. President Benigno Aquino III believes that organic agriculture is the

way of the future not only to address hunger but also to sustain health and

environment.

According to Ramano (n.d) chili is sharply flavored fruit of a pepper plant that

can be experimented as pesticides. Insecticidical chili pepper (capsicum annum) has

a potential to diminish the number of terminates that destroys furniture or anything

made of wood and also other insects pest. On the other hand, chili pepper (capsicum

annum) as everyone knows it, is a favorite spice of many people around the world

including the Philippines. In contrary, chili (capsicum annum) also contains a natural
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

facts and health benefiting properties that can be used as functional medicines.

Regardness of spicy taste, it is very practicable to conquer LDL cholesterol levels in

obese individuals. Chili pepper (capsicum annum) has amazingly high levels of

vitamins and minerals.

According to the local organic group Organic Producers Trade Association

(OPTA), the risk of consuming non-organic food is becoming more perilous to human

health as highly-yielding agri-procedure or the so-called "green revolution crops"

developed in the province of Los Baños-one of the country's major agricultural

research hubs - have been identified as one of the causes of brain damage

particularly resulting to empaired intellect to people in poor or third world countries.

According to OPTA, these crops that are produced under modern agriculture

techniques that use large doses of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers are

decreasing brain size, thus slowing down one's intelligence capabilities. OPTA also

tells that international studies have likewise shown that chemical- infused crops have

resulted in cancer, hormone disruption, neurological disorders and organically grown

in the world market which would cost US$40 billion to US$70 billion in 2013.

These natural pesticides used to repel and eliminate harmful pest. The chili

pepper (capsicum annum) extract has a potential to use as an organic pesticide that

can eliminate the high number of pest. Natural pesticides can combat insects upon

contact or through ingestion. Use as part of an integrated Pest Management

Program which includes traps or monitoring and capturing pest and beneficial insects

and organisms to control pest in their developing stages. Enhancing fertility

programs with natural fertilizers and soil amendments will increase plants health and
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

resistance to all types of pest in your home or regarding including weeds and

diseases.

Ginger (zingiber officinale Rosc.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It

originated in South-East Asia and then used in many countries as a spice and

condiment to add flavor to food. Besides this, the rhizome of ginger has also been

used in traditional herbal medicine. The health promoting perspective of ginger is

attributed to its rich phytochemistry. Jolad et al. grouped fresh ginger into two wide

range categories, i.e. volatiles and non-volatiles. Volatiles include sesquiterpene and

monotorperiod hydrocarbons and monoternoid hydrocarbons providing the distinct

aroma and taste of ginger. On the country non-vilatile purgent compounds include

gungerols, shogoals, paradols, and zingerone.

Pesticides are substance that are meant to control pest, including weeds. The

term pesticides include all of the following: herbicide, insecticide (which may include

insect growth regulators, termiticides, etc.) nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide,

avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, and

fungicide. The most common of these are herbicide which account for approximately

80% of all pesticide use. Most pesticide are intended to serve as plant protection

products (also kwon as crop protection products, which in general, protects plants

from weeds, fungi or insects.

The researchers pursue to conduct this study to know the benefits that the

Farmers may get from the culinary ingredients such as garlic, ginger, and chili that

the researchers used in this study. We also want to inform the people that garlic,
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

ginger, and chili are not just an ordinary condiment that is beneficial in cooking but

also it can be beneficial in Agriculture.

The researchers also want to conduct this study so that the farmers can get an

alternative pesticide without using too much money in buying commercial pesticides

for the improvement of String beans but not harmful in the environment.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the utilization and acceptability of garlic, chili and

ginger as an alternative pesticide in String Beans Plant at Pintong Bukawe San

Mateo, Rizal.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

a) Age
b) No. of Years Farming
2. What are the effects of garlic, chili and ginger as a pesticide in the different

parts of string beans plants at Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, Rizal.

a) Physical Appearance
b) Fruits
c.) Leaves

Significance of the Study

This result of this study were beneficial because of the benefits that could offer

to the following groups:

 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

Students. This study will help the students to know the effectiveness and

benefits of using garlic, chili and ginger as an alternative pesticide to the growth of

string beans at Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, Rizal.

Farmers. This study will help farmers to know if garlic, chili and ginger as

alternative pesticides that help them to save money and labor cost.

Community. Using an organic pesticide can Reduce using harmful that can

affect the environment and the people itself.

Scope and Delimitation

This study conducted in Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, Rizal, particularly in

Purok 4, it focused on responses of the 20 farmers from Pintong Bukawe San Mateo,

Rizal, School Year-2019-2020

This study mainly identified the Utilization and Acceptability of organic garlic,

chili and ginger to the growth of String Beans and the possible effects when it as an

alternative pesticide. This study conducted to identify how the researchers can

develop new learning regarding the effectiveness of using organic pesticides in

farming.
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

CHAPTER II

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

This chapter presents the Related Literature and Studies, Conceptual Model

of the Study, the Research Hypothesis, and the Definition of Terms Used in the

Study.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

A number of books, journals and theses including the internet sources were

browsed by the researchers to gather the pertinent data or information. Those more

relevant are presented hereunder.

Related Literature. A new study reveals some organic pesticides can have a

higher environmental impact than conventional pesticides.

G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu (2007) farmers around the

world provides a pesticide that can be used to exclude the number of pests and

insects. Pepper (annum) as organic pesticides has a feasibility to control the highest

quantity of pests and to have a highest rate of crop production. Consequently, it can

help to the quickly growth of fibers and plants. Today, chili pepper (capsicum annum)

grow widely in many parts of the world as an important commercial crops that can be

tested to produce an organic pesticide without bad effect to the health of the people

and also that is eco-friendly.

The study of G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu is similar to

present study because it focuses to the organic pesticides that can help to the

quickly growth of the plants. But differ from the pesticides that they used the present

study used garlic, chili and ginger as alternative pesticides in string beans.
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

According to Gianessi and Williams (2012) chili (capsicum) is very popular in

every country, including India. Three-fourths of India’s farmer had use chili

(capsicum) as pesticides to protect or even secure the certain level of crop yield. In

addition, it can also help to minimize risk of crop failure and losses and to deplete the

higher number of insect pests such as borers, trips and etc. also, it provides

tremendous benefit of using pesticides include increased food production, increased

profits for farmers and the prevention of diseases. (Ahmed, 2010)

The study of Gianessi and Williams is similar to present study because both of

the researchers are focuses to the chili as a pesticide to protect or even to secure

the certain level of crop yield. But differ from the conducted study in Pintong Bukawe

San Mateo, Rizal, while the other one in India.

The study of Systemic pesticides and their threats to humans, environment by

Stella Estremera (2018). Conducted in Davao region is one of the most progressevie

in agriculture but the debate of the pesticide never stops because of the negative

effects neonicotinoids or neonics (pesticides that you cannot wash off) only human

health, biodiversity, and ecosystem. They held symposium about the effect of

inorganic pesticide and HRC CEO Fores said she did not expect the symposium to

be as well attended as it was by international scientist at that and was very

appreciative of all the inputs and all those who attended it was a very meaningful

event that hopefully can bring real change true Mindanao she said, noting that the

participants showed an openness towards what the symposiums was pushing for,

that is alternatives to systematic Pesticides.

The study of Stella Estremera is similar to presents study because it opens a

door for alternative pesticides to warn the governments to take an action. But differ
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

from the study location the present study conducted in Pintong Bukawe San Mateo,

Rizal, while the other one in davao.

Related Studies. These natural pesticides used to repel and eliminate

harmful pest. The chili pepper (capsicum annum) extract has a potential to use as an

organic pesticide that can eliminate the high number of pests. Natural pesticides can

combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Use as part of an integrated Pest

Management Program which includes traps for monitoring and capturing pests and

beneficial insects and organisms to control pests in their developing stages.

Enhancing fertility programs with natural fertilizers and soil amendments will increase

plants’ health and resistance to all types of pests in your home or gardening

including weeds and diseases. (Kumar et al., 2009)

According to Microbiologist Dr. Ronaldo Sumaoang, the developer of a liquid

organic fertilizer called Durabloom, said that he discovered a mixture of garlic and

chili served as an effective pesticide when added to the fertilizer, which is derived

from fish extracts.

According to Romano (nd) chili is sharply flavored fruit of a pepper plant that

can be experimented as pesticides. Insecticidal chili pepper (capsicum annum) has a

potential to diminish the number of termites that destroys furniture or anything made

of wood and also other insects pests. On the other hand, chili pepper (capsicum

annum) as everyone knows it, is a favorite spice of many people around the world

including the Philippines. In contrary, chili (capsicum) also contains a natural facts

and health benefiting properties that can be used as functional medicines.

Regardless of its spicy taste, it is very practicable to conquer LDL cholesterol levels
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

in obese individuals. Chili pepper (capsicum annum) has amazingly high levels of

vitamins and minerals.

Based on the study of Kenya, Ghana, 2007. In using pesticides, farmers can

have produced more crops that can help to increase profits by having more produce

to sell. Pesticides also increased farm profits by helping the farmer save money on

labor costs. Using pesticides, it reduces the amount of time required to manually

remove weeds and pests from fields.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE STUDY

The research’s work was based on the system’s approach by Comb's Input-

Process-Output (I-P-O) approach as shown in the figure.

 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Preparation of  Utilization and

garlic, chili
 questionnaire Acceptability
 40 and ginger
 Planted of of Garlic, Chili
respondents
 Garlic, chili string beans
and Ginger as
to tested
and ginger  Administratio Alternative
 String beans
n of survey
Pesticides in
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
questionnaire
 Analysis and string beans at
The first frame consists of surveyinterpretation
questionnaire and 30 respondents
Pintong
of data
from Pintong Bukawe San Mateo,Rizal. The retrieval Bukawe San
The second frame consist of planted string beans to be tested,
of survey
Mateo, Rizal
administration, retrieval, and interpretation of data.
questionnaire
The third frame consist of Utilization and Acceptability of Garlic, Chili,

and Ginger as an Alternative pesticide to the growth of string beans at

Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, rizal.

Research Hypothesis
There is no significant effect of the Garlic, Chili and Ginger as

Alternative pesticides to the growth string beans at Pintong bukawe National

High, San Mateo, Rizal.

Definition of terms Used in the Study
The following key terms are operationally and theoretically defined

purposed of clarity and better understanding.

 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

Pesticides. It refers to the chemical that used to kill insects that damage

plant and crops.

Garlic. It refers to have a strong smell and tasted and it also used in

flavoring foods.
Chili. It refers to spicy and small pepper.
Ginger. It refers to the strongly flavored root of tropical plant that is used in

cooking.
String beans. It refers to have a long thin green bean.
Leaves. It refers to a flat and typically green parts of a plant that growth from

a stem or twig.
Stem. It refers to a fundamental line from which others have arisen.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter present the Methods of Research, Sources of Data, Data

Gathering Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure, and Statistical Treatment of Data.

Methods of Research

The study will utilize the descriptive assessment method of research to

describe the effectiveness of Garlic, chili, and Ginger as Alternative Pesticides to the

growth of String Beans at Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, Rizal.

Sources of Data

The sources of data of the study were 30 respondents from Purok 4, Brgy.

Pintong Bukawe San Mateo, Rizal who evaluated the effect of Garlic, Chili, and

Ginger on the String beans plant.

 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers used survey questionnaire as the primary instrument of this

study. The researchers chose the instruments since it accurate data and precise

information needed to accomplish this study. The researchers based the indicators

with the expected aspects to look for healthy and fresh String beans initially drafted

the questionnaire. The drafted questionnaire was shown to Ms. Marivic D. Segura,

researcher's English teacher for validation of grammar and contents. After the

researcher applied the necessary corrections, the instruments were also shown to

Mr. Godofredo S. Saurane for the final validation. After the instrument was validated

it was reproducing for distribution.

The instrument used for this study is composed of two parts. The first part is the

profile of the respondents. The second part is consisted of the indicators about the

leaves and physical appearance of the string beans plant.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the researchers distributed the survey questionnaire, they first asked

permission from the school administration to conduct study. This began by

cooperating with their thesis adviser, Ms. Marivic D. Segura. Then, the researchers

sought the approval of the school head Mrs. Marjorie C. Gaynilo.

After the permission was granted, the researchers began the data gathering

procedure.

The researchers make the garlic, chili and ginger pesticides, the researchers

mixed garlic, chili and ginger with 250 ml of water and other ingredients. Then the
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

researchers put it in a container. Before applying the pesticides, the researchers was

planting a string beans for their tested.

Statistical Treatment of data

After gathering the data needed, they were analyzed and tabulated by the

researchers. The data were then statistically treated using the following tools.

Table. A systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns for ready

reference.

Weighted mean. It refers to compiled or calculated from weighted data.

Diagram. It refers to represent by or put into the form of diagram.

Percentage. It refers to the number or rate that expressed as a certain number of

parts.

Random sampling. It refers to the elements or events with definite probability of

occurrence.

Frequency. It refers to the number of times that something happens during a

particular period.
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

UTILIZATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF GARLIC, CHILI AND GINGER

AS AN ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDES IN STRING BEANS

AT PINTONG BUKAWE SAN MATEO, RIZAL

A Thesis

Presented to the

Senior High School Faculty of Pintong

Bukawe National High School

______________________

In Partial

Fulfillment for

The Requirements in Inquiries

Investigation and

Immersion

____________________
 PINTONG BUKAWE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Zone 1, Brgy. Pintong Bukawe, San Mateo, Rizal

By:

Alexis joyce Zonio

Marvin Conchina

Vanessa Romano

September 20,2019